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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quantum open systems'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

CUSUMANO, Stefano. "Quantum Engineering in Open Quantum Systems." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/90684.

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The huge technological advancement achieved in the last years has allowed for the emergence of a new field of physics dubbed “quantum engineering”: with this term people refer to a wide range of topics, from planning and building physical systems for specific tasks to developing algorithms to control those systems, from ways to create specific quantum states to new theoretical tools to describe and plan new physical systems. As the field of quantum engineering covers many topics in physics, this is reflected in the community interested in it, ranging from quantum optics theorists to soli
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2

Dive, Benjamin. "Controlling open quantum systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/56626.

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All physical quantum systems are in contact with the external world which is inevitably a source of noise. It is therefore necessary to take into account this dissipation when designing controls that accomplish useful tasks in quantum information processing. This thesis is on that overlap of open quantum systems and control theory; it looks at what dynamics can happen with the use of external driving, and how this driving can be chosen to accomplish a desired goal. The first result looks at how a given quantum dissipator can be manipulated, using coherent controls, into replicating the action
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3

Fortunato, Evan Matthew. "Controlling open quantum systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17652.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2002.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-86).<br>This thesis describes the development and experimental verification (via liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques) of new methods for controlling open quantum systems. First, methods that improve coherent control through the use of both strong control fields and detailed knowledge of the system's Hamiltonian are demonstrated. With the aid of numerical search methods, pulsed irradiation schemes are obtained that perform accurate, arbitrary,
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4

Benoist, Tristan. "Open quantum systems and quantum stochastic processes." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0006/document.

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De nombreux phénomènes de physique quantique ne peuvent être compris que par l'analyse des systèmes ouverts. Un appareil de mesure, par exemple, est un système macroscopique en contact avec un système quantique. Ainsi, tout modèle d'expérience doit prendre en compte les dynamiques propres aux systèmes ouverts. Ces dynamiques peuvent être complexes : l'interaction du système avec son environnement peut modifier ses propriétés, l'interaction peu créer des effets de mémoire dans l'évolution du système, . . . Ces dynamiques sont particulièrement importantes dans l'étude des expériences d'optique q
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5

Sentís, Manuel Lorenzo. "Quantum theory of open systems." Zürich : ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Institut für Theoretische Physik, 2002. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=dipl&nr=172.

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6

Wu, Jinshan. "Quantum transport through open systems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33955.

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To study transport properties, one needs to investigate the system of interest when coupled to biased external baths. This requires solving a master equation for this open quantum system. Obtaining this solution is very challenging, especially for large systems. This limits applications of the theories of open quantum systems, especially insofar as studies of transport in large quantum systems, of interest in condensed matter, is concerned. In this thesis, I propose three efficient methods to solve the Redfield equation --- an example of such a master equation. The first is an open-system Ku
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7

Arenz, Christian. "Control of open quantum systems." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/263c2edb-bbab-46ac-b14e-961fea714d01.

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Known as decoherence, the unavoidable interaction of a quantum system with its surrounding environment is usually considered to be detrimental for quantum information processing. In this thesis the coherent, open loop control of such open systems is studied. Concepts from quantum control theory and the theory of open quantum system are adopted in order to fight decoherence and implement quantum gates in a noiseless manner. In particular, Lie algebraic methods and numerical optimization tools are used to investigate the control properties of a single spin interacting with a spin environment. We
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8

Boulant, Nicolas. "Control of open quantum systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34437.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, February 2005.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-102).<br>This thesis describes the development, investigation and experimental implementation via liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance techniques of new methods for controlling open quantum systems. First, methods that improve coherent control through the use of both strong control fields and detailed knowledge of the subsystem's Hamiltonian are demonstrated. With the aid of numerical search methods, pulsed irradiation schemes are obtained that p
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9

Davis-Tilley, Claire. "Synchronisation in open quantum systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/49492/.

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Synchronisation has been explored extensively for classical systems from the mid-1600s, and is a phenomenon widely understood in many diverse systems. In the age of technology miniaturisation, there are great incentives to develop an understanding of quantum synchronisation, where quantum fluctuations become the dominant source of noise and non-classical features become important. This thesis considers different types of synchronisation in systems that can display highly non-linear, quantum behaviours. Phase synchronisation for a micromaser coupled to an external drive is initially considered,
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10

Levi, Elliott Kendrick. "Information transfer in open quantum systems." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/16690.

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This thesis covers open quantum systems and information transfer in the face of dissipation and disorder through numerical simulation. In Chapter 3 we present work on an open quantum system comprising a two-level system, single bosonic mode and dissipative environment; we have included the bosonic mode in the exact system treatment. This model allows us to gain an understanding of an environment's role in small energy transfer systems. We observe how the two-level system-mode coupling strength and the spectral density form characterising the environment interplay, affecting the system's cohere
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11

Woods, Mischa Prebin. "Orthogonal polynomials and open quantum systems." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/17851.

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This thesis is concerned with the study of quantum systems coupled linearly to a continuous bath of oscillators examples of which are the spin-boson model and the Nelson model. The main theme throughout is to develop a better understanding of the properties of the bath of oscillators such that more efficient representations of it can be made to facilitate the understanding of the system dynamics. The main difficulty in simulating the system dynamics is that the bath of oscillators composes an infinite number of degrees of freedom. In this thesis, we investigate the mathematical properties of a
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12

Pollock, Felix Alexander. "Energy transport in open quantum systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:41f104b5-718d-4f1c-a224-fe47c324dbbe.

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This thesis is concerned with modelling the dynamics of open quantum systems in several different contexts. Of principal interest is the manner in which the environment can modify, or even dominate, a system’s quantum behaviour in order to facilitate the transport of energetic excitations. In the first research chapter, a time-local, non-Markovian quantum master equation is derived in a variationally defined reference frame, for networks of two-level systems coupled to bosonic environments. The predictions of this master equation are then compared with those derived using both weak-coupling an
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13

Woldekristos, Habtom G. "Tripartite Entanglement in Quantum Open Systems." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1250185666.

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14

Novelli, Marco <1985&gt. "Statistical Inference in Open Quantum Systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7259/1/Novelli_Marco_tesi.pdf.

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This thesis concerns the statistical analysis of open quantum systems subject to an external and non-stationary perturbation. In the first paper, a generalization of the explicit-duration hidden Markov models (EDHMM) which takes into account the presence of sparse data is presented. Introducing a kernel estimator in the estimation procedure increases the accuracy of the estimates, and thus allows one to obtain a more reliable information about the evolution of the unobservable system. A generalization of the Viterbi algorithm to EDHMM is developed. In the second paper, we develop
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15

Novelli, Marco <1985&gt. "Statistical Inference in Open Quantum Systems." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7259/.

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This thesis concerns the statistical analysis of open quantum systems subject to an external and non-stationary perturbation. In the first paper, a generalization of the explicit-duration hidden Markov models (EDHMM) which takes into account the presence of sparse data is presented. Introducing a kernel estimator in the estimation procedure increases the accuracy of the estimates, and thus allows one to obtain a more reliable information about the evolution of the unobservable system. A generalization of the Viterbi algorithm to EDHMM is developed. In the second paper, we develop
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16

Sighinolfi, Matteo. "Open quantum systems and ultracold atoms." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/338501.

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In several branches of physics it is common to have a system that can be thought as made by two (or more) parts: only one of these parts is of interest, while it would be desirable to theoretically describe all the remaining parts in the lightest possible way. This situation is typical of complex systems and therefore it is not possible in general to de ne a common strategy for the description of the systems, but each case has to be considered by its own. Indeed, if attention is not paid, something relevant such as emergent phenomena can be missed. When quantum systems are involved composite s
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17

Gozzi, Riccardo. "Open dynamics of su(3) quantum systems." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12395/.

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Questo lavoro di tesi nasce con lo scopo di fornire una inquadratura generale del campo di studi relativo ad i sistemi quantistici aperti. Esattamente come avviene nel caso della termodinamica, questo tipo di approfondimento vuole tenere conto delle interazioni che un qualunque sistema quantistico può sviluppare con l'ambiente esterno. La prima parte del lavoro intende introdurre il lettore all'argomento; in queste prime sezioni si trattano anche alcuni argomenti più concettuali di rilevanza prettamente fisica, come ad esempio il fenomeno dell'entanglement o del quantum eraser. La seconda
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18

Mehboudi, Mohammad. "Quantum metrology and thermometry in open systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405328.

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En mi tesis exploro la metrología cuántica en sistemas abiertos, con especial enfoque en la estimaci ón de temperatura cuántica o termometría. Para este objetivo, voy a clasificar mi estudio en dos regímenes diferentes de equilibrio térmico y más allá del equilibrio térmico. En ambos casos, mis colaboradores y yo planteamos cuestiones de interés fundamental y tecnológico. Entre estas preguntas, señalo lo siguiente: ¿Cuáles son los límites de precisión máximos en la termometría con sondas individuales? ¿Es posible mejorar estos límites utilizando recursos cuánticos tales como las correlac
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19

Goletz, Christoph-Marian. "Semiclassical hybrid dynamics for open quantum systems." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70342.

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In this work the semiclassical hybrid dynamics is extended in order to be capable of treating open quantum systems considering finite baths. The corresponding phenomena, i.e. decoherence and dissipation, are investigated for various scenarios.
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20

Zheng, Xiao. "Quantum mechanical simulation of open electronic systems." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38717657.

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21

Zheng, Xiao, and 鄭曉. "Quantum mechanical simulation of open electronic systems." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38717657.

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22

Wolff, Stefan [Verfasser]. "Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems / Stefan Wolff." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1190723271/34.

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23

Stones, Richard. "Electron counting statistics of open quantum systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046942/.

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Electron transport through organic molecules is a process fundamental to life and plays a central role in the emerging field of molecular electronics. This thesis presents an investigation of electron transport through molecular systems from the perspective of full counting statistics. An extension of a Markovian counting statistics framework to a non-perturbative setting is presented which allows for an exact treatment of the phonon bath. This framework is applied to a theoretical photocell device inspired by the photosystem II reaction centre. It is demonstrated that the asymmetric coupling
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24

McCutcheon, D. P. S. "Open quantum systems in spatially correlated regimes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/773234/.

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Almost all quantum systems are open; interactions with the surrounding environment generally lead to complex dissipative behaviour with a sensitive dependence on the details of the system-environment coupling. This thesis presents results from theoretical investigations into such behaviour in single and two-site quantum systems with a particular emphasis on strong system-environment coupling regimes, and also the effects of spatial correlations in the environment fluctuations. Within a weak system-environment coupling framework, it is found that an increased level of correlation is able to pro
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25

Zwolak, Michael Preskill John P. "Dynamics and simulation of open quantum systems /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-08072007-221313.

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26

Hopkins, Asa Sies Mabuchi Hideo Mabuchi Hideo. "Reduced order models for open quantum systems /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-11182008-113904.

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27

Li, Kenny. "On non-Markovianity in Open Quantum Systems." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/370927.

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Markovian approximation is a widely-employed idea in the descriptions of the dynamics of open quantum systems. Although it is usually claimed to be a concept inspired by classical Markovianity, the physical meaning of this concept, however, is vague. In this thesis, I compare the descriptions of classical stochastic processes and open quantum systems, and show that those inherent differences lead to the non-trivial problem of characterizing quantum non-Markovianity. With various examples, I argue that the current most often used definitions of quantumMarkovianity in the literature do not fully
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28

Addis, Carole. "Non-Markovian dynamics of open quantum systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3203.

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This thesis is centred around the striking phenomenon of non-Markovianity which emanates from exact dynamical descriptions of open quantum systems. Non- Markovianity is associated with the existence of memory effects in the environment and leads to a partial recovery of information of the system, temporarily counteracting the deleterious effect of the surrounding environment. We devote this thesis to addressing two fundamental questions surrounding the topic of non-Markovianity. The first is concerned with how to evaluate the extent to which a specific dynamics is non-Markovian, in terms of a
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29

Argentieri, Giuseppe. "Fluctuations and entanglement in open quantum systems." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/9958.

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2012/2013<br>The subject of this thesis is the study of the class of the Open Quantum Systems, i.e. quantum systems which are in weak interaction with an external environment, often acting as a reservoir, and whose evolution is consequently influenced by this interaction. Since the coupling of the system with the reservoir is weak, it makes sense to try to disentangle the dynamics of the system of interest from the global time-evolution. However, a particular attention must be taken in the derivation of the reduced evolution law, which is expressed by a Master Equation. When the reduced dynam
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30

PROIETTI, ZACCARIA Remo. "Modeling of quantum transport in open systems." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2637772.

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Whereas classical transport physics is based on the concept of a probability distribution which is defined over the phase space of the system, the concept of a phase-space distribution function in the quantum formulation of transport is difficult, since the non-commutation of the position and momentum operators (the Heisenberg uncertainty principle) precludes the precise specification of a point in phase space. However, within the formulation of quantum mechanics, various formalisms based on density matrices, Wigner functions, Feynman path integrals and Green’s functions have been developed.
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31

Biella, Alberto. "Many-body physics in open quantum systems." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85905.

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32

Ceballos, Russell R. "LINEARITY VERSUS COMPLETE POSITIVITY OF THE EVOLUTION OF OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMS." OpenSIUC, 2014. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1420.

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The title may be a bit misleading. Perhaps, "On the Complete Positivity of Reduced Quantum Dynamics," would be a more fitting title. Determining whether or not completely positive (CP) maps are required to describe open system quantum dynamics is an extremely important issue concerning the fundamental mathematical foundations of QM, as well as many other areas of physics. it had been typically believed that only CP maps actually describe the dynamical evolution of open quantum systems, however there has been speculation as to whether this is a strict constraint on the mathematical and physi
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33

Åberg, Johan. "Open Quantum Systems : Effects in Interferometry, Quantum Computation, and Adiabatic Evolution." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Quantum Chemistry, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5893.

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<p>The effects of open system evolution on single particle interferometry, quantum computation, and the adiabatic approximation are investigated.</p><p>Single particle interferometry: Three concepts concerning completely positive maps (CPMs) and trace preserving CPMs (channels), named subspace preserving (SP) CPMs, subspace local channels, and gluing of CPMs, are introduced. SP channels preserve probability weights on given orthogonal sum decompositions of the Hilbert space of a quantum system. Subspace locality determines what channels act locally with respect to such decompositions. Gluings
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34

Goerz, Michael Hartmut [Verfasser]. "Optimizing Robust Quantum Gates in Open Quantum Systems / Michael Hartmut Goerz." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1072259729/34.

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35

Oreshkov, Ognyan. "Topics in quantum information and the theory of open quantum systems." Doctoral thesis, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/225666.

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36

Åberg, Johan. "Open quantum systems : effects in interferometry, quantum computation, and adiabatic evolution /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5893.

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37

Elouard, Cyril. "Thermodynamics of quantum open systems : applications in quantum optics and optomechanics." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY046/document.

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La thermodynamique a été développée au XIXe siècle pour décrire la physique des moteurs et autres machines thermiques macroscopiques. Depuis lors, le progrès des nanotechnologies a rendu nécessaire d'étendre ces lois, initialement pensées pour des systèmes classiques, aux systèmes obéissant à la mécanique quantique. Durant cette thèse, j'ai mis en place un formalisme pour étudier la thermodynamique stochastique des systèmes quantiques, dans lequel la mesure quantique occupe une place centrale: à l'instar du bain thermique de la thermodynamique statistique classique, la mesure est ici la source
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38

Li, Jie. "Quantum effects and nonclassicality in controlled open systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.602559.

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All quantum systems are inevitably, to some extent, affected by the environment. The interaction with the environment makes the system gradually lose its quantum features and eventually behave classically. Understanding such quantum-to-classical transition is of importance to both fundamental research and applicative science. In this Thesis, we study this phenomenon in many controlled quantum open systems, ranging from trapped ions, to Cavity-QED, and optomechanical systems. The first key task of the Thesis is providing strategies to generate and enhance quantum effects and non-classicality in
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39

Ivanov, Anton [Verfasser], and Heinz-Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Breuer. "Exciton and electron transport in open quantum systems." Freiburg : Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1125905409/34.

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Venkataraman, Vignesh. "Understanding open quantum systems with coupled harmonic oscillators." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30715.

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When a quantum system interacts with many other quantum mechanical objects, the behaviour of the system is strongly affected; this is referred to as an open quantum system (OQS). Since the inception of quantum theory the development of OQSs has been synonymous with realistic descriptions of quantum mechanical models. With recent activity in the advancement of quantum technologies, there has been vested interest in manipulating OQSs. Therefore understanding and controlling environmental effects, by structuring environments, has become an important field. The method of choice for tackling OQSs i
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Duffus, Stephen N. A. "Open quantum systems, effective Hamiltonians and device characterisation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2018. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/33672.

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We investigate the some of the many subtleties in taking a microscopic approach to modelling the decoherence of an Open Quantum System. We use the RF-SQUID, which will be referred to as a simply a SQUID throughout this paper, as a non-linear example and consider different levels of approximation, with varied coupling, to show the potential consequences that may arise when characterising devices such as superconducting qubits in this manner. We first consider a SQUID inductively coupled to an Ohmic bath and derive a Lindblad master equation, to first and second order in the Baker-Campbell-Hausd
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Tempel, David Gabriel. "Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory for Open Quantum Systems and Quantum Computation." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10208.

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First-principles electronic structure theory explains properties of atoms, molecules and solids from underlying physical principles without input from empirical parameters. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) has emerged as arguably the most widely used first-principles method for describing the time-dependent quantum mechanics of many-electron systems. In this thesis, we will show how the fundamental principles of TDDFT can be extended and applied in two novel directions: The theory of open quantum systems (OQS) and quantum computation (QC). In the first part of this thesis, we p
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43

Basilewitsch, Daniel [Verfasser]. "Optimal control of quantum information tasks in open quantum systems / Daniel Basilewitsch." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1232368407/34.

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44

Stockburger, Jürgen. "Stochastic methods for the dynamics of open quantum systems /." Stuttgart : Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Stuttgart, 2006. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?sys=000251999.

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45

Evaldsson, Martin. "Spin splitting in open quantum dots and related systems." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-4939.

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46

Collett, M. J. "Environmental correlations in the theory of open quantum systems." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378362.

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47

Keck, Maximilian. "Many-body open quantum systems: from dynamics to thermodynamics." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11384/85919.

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This thesis studies problems concerning the dynamics and thermodynamics of manybody quantum systems. We start by introducing the necessary theoretical concepts and tools forming the basis of this manuscript. The research presented can be split in two parts. The first one deals with the dynamics of many-body quantum systems subject to environmental dissipative effects of various forms, while the second one studies topics of thermodynamics in many-body quantum systems. The first part of the research presented studies the effects of an environment inducing dissipation. We establish and stu
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48

BRUNO, GIOVANNA. "QUANTUM OBSERVABLES OF OPEN-SHELL SYSTEMS. A THEORETICAL STUDY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/936434.

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This PhD thesis reports original research results concerning the development of theoretical models and computational protocols for the quantification and analysis of two of the most important quantum observables of open-shell systems: the electron spin density and the phosphorescence energy gap. In the first part, a comprehensive theory of the electron spin density topology is proposed for the first time [1]. Several new notions (spin density critical points, molecular spin graphs, spin density basins, spin maxima and spin minima joining paths etc.) and descriptors (local and integral spin po
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49

Borrelli, Massimo. "Simulation of open quantum dynamics and investigation of quantum correlations in finite systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3143.

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This thesis reports a series of theoretical studies regarding the dynamics of fewbody controllable quantum systems. Generally speaking, the main focus is on the behavior of correlations in open quantum systems and how these could be used both for applications to quantum technologies and investigations of more fundamental phenomena. The general physical setting for most of the results presented is trappedion systems. These have been proven to be an almost prefect practical platform for realizing a quantum computer. Furthermore, thanks to their exceptional degree of controllability, trapped ions
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50

Yu, Ting. "Approaches to open quantum systems : decoherence, localisation and all that." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11479.

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