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1

James, M. R. "Optimal Quantum Control Theory." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061520-010444.

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This article explains some fundamental ideas concerning the optimal control of quantum systems through the study of a relatively simple two-level system coupled to optical fields. The model for this system includes both continuous and impulsive dynamics. Topics covered include open- and closed-loop control, impulsive control, open-loop optimal control, quantum filtering, and measurement feedback optimal control.
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2

Werschnik, J., and E. K. U. Gross. "Quantum optimal control theory." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 40, no. 18 (September 4, 2007): R175—R211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/40/18/r01.

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3

Friesecke, Gero, Felix Henneke, and Karl Kunisch. "Frequency-sparse optimal quantum control." Mathematical Control & Related Fields 8, no. 1 (2018): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mcrf.2018007.

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4

CALARCO, T., M. A. CIRONE, M. COZZINI, A. NEGRETTI, A. RECATI, and E. CHARRON. "QUANTUM CONTROL THEORY FOR DECOHERENCE SUPPRESSION IN QUANTUM GATES." International Journal of Quantum Information 05, no. 01n02 (February 2007): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749907002645.

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We show how quantum optimal control theory can help achieve high-fidelity quantum gates in real experimental settings. We discuss several optimization methods (from iterative algorithms to optimization by interference and to impulsive control) and different physical scenarios (from optical lattices to atom chips and to Rydberg atoms).
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5

Atia, Yosi, Yuval Elias, Tal Mor, and Yossi Weinstein. "Quantum computing gates via optimal control." International Journal of Quantum Information 12, no. 05 (August 2014): 1450031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219749914500312.

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We demonstrate the use of optimal control to design two entropy-manipulating quantum gates which are more complex than the corresponding, commonly used, gates, such as CNOT and Toffoli (CCNOT): A two-qubit gate called polarization exchange (PE) and a three-qubit gate called polarization compression (COMP) were designed using GRAPE, an optimal control algorithm. Both gates were designed for a three-spin system. Our design provided efficient and robust nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) radio frequency (RF) pulses for 13 C 2-trichloroethylene (TCE), our chosen three-spin system. We then experimentally applied these two quantum gates onto TCE at the NMR lab. Such design of these gates and others could be relevant for near-future applications of quantum computing devices.
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6

Geremia, J. M., and H. Rabitz. "Optimal Hamiltonian identification: The synthesis of quantum optimal control and quantum inversion." Journal of Chemical Physics 118, no. 12 (March 22, 2003): 5369–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1538242.

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7

Goerz, Michael H., Sebastián C. Carrasco, and Vladimir S. Malinovsky. "Quantum Optimal Control via Semi-Automatic Differentiation." Quantum 6 (December 7, 2022): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-12-07-871.

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We develop a framework of "semi-automatic differentiation" that combines existing gradient-based methods of quantum optimal control with automatic differentiation. The approach allows to optimize practically any computable functional and is implemented in two open source Julia packages, GRAPE.jl and Krotov.jl, part of the QuantumControl.jl framework. Our method is based on formally rewriting the optimization functional in terms of propagated states, overlaps with target states, or quantum gates. An analytical application of the chain rule then allows to separate the time propagation and the evaluation of the functional when calculating the gradient. The former can be evaluated with great efficiency via a modified GRAPE scheme. The latter is evaluated with automatic differentiation, but with a profoundly reduced complexity compared to the time propagation. Thus, our approach eliminates the prohibitive memory and runtime overhead normally associated with automatic differentiation and facilitates further advancement in quantum control by enabling the direct optimization of non-analytic functionals for quantum information and quantum metrology, especially in open quantum systems. We illustrate and benchmark the use of semi-automatic differentiation for the optimization of perfectly entangling quantum gates on superconducting qubits coupled via a shared transmission line. This includes the first direct optimization of the non-analytic gate concurrence.
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8

Rabitz, Herschel, Michael Hsieh, and Carey Rosenthal. "Optimal control landscapes for quantum observables." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 20 (May 28, 2006): 204107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2198837.

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9

Artamonov, Maxim, Tak-San Ho, and Herschel Rabitz. "Quantum optimal control of HCN isomerization." Chemical Physics 328, no. 1-3 (September 2006): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.06.021.

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10

Artamonov, Maxim, Tak-San Ho, and Herschel Rabitz. "Quantum optimal control of ozone isomerization." Chemical Physics 305, no. 1-3 (October 2004): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2004.06.061.

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11

Dahleh, M., A. P. Peirce, and H. Rabitz. "Optimal control of uncertain quantum systems." Physical Review A 42, no. 3 (August 1, 1990): 1065–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.42.1065.

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12

Biteen, Julie S., J. M. Geremia, and Herschel Rabitz. "Quantum optimal quantum control field design using logarithmic maps." Chemical Physics Letters 348, no. 5-6 (November 2001): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01144-7.

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13

de Keijzer, Robert, Oliver Tse, and Servaas Kokkelmans. "Pulse based Variational Quantum Optimal Control for hybrid quantum computing." Quantum 7 (January 26, 2023): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-01-26-908.

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This work studies pulse based variational quantum algorithms (VQAs), which are designed to determine the ground state of a quantum mechanical system by combining classical and quantum hardware. In contrast to more standard gate based methods, pulse based methods aim to directly optimize the laser pulses interacting with the qubits, instead of using some parametrized gate based circuit. Using the mathematical formalism of optimal control, these laser pulses are optimized. This method has been used in quantum computing to optimize pulses for quantum gate implementations, but has only recently been proposed for full optimization in VQAs. Pulse based methods have several advantages over gate based methods such as faster state preparation, simpler implementation and more freedom in moving through the state space. Based on these ideas, we present the development of a novel adjoint based variational method. This method can be tailored towards and applied in neutral atom quantum computers. This method of pulse based variational quantum optimal control is able to approximate molecular ground states of simple molecules up to chemical accuracy and is able to compete with the gate based variational quantum eigensolver in terms of total number of quantum evaluations. The total evolution time T and the form of the control Hamiltonian Hc are important factors in the convergence behavior to the ground state energy, both having influence on the quantum speed limit and the controllability of the system.
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14

Aroch, Aviv, Ronnie Kosloff, and Shimshon Kallush. "Mitigating controller noise in quantum gates using optimal control theory." Quantum 8 (September 25, 2024): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-09-25-1482.

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All quantum systems are subject to noise from the environment or external controls. This noise is a major obstacle to the realization of quantum technology. For example, noise limits the fidelity of quantum gates. Employing optimal control theory, we study the generation of quantum single and two-qubit gates. Specifically, we explore a Markovian model of phase and amplitude noise, leading to the degradation of the gate fidelity. We show that optimal control with such noise models generates control solutions to mitigate the loss of gate fidelity. The problem is formulated in Liouville space employing an extremely accurate numerical solver and the Krotov algorithm for solving the optimal control equations.
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15

Shen, Zhenwen, Michael Hsieh, and Herschel Rabitz. "Quantum optimal control: Hessian analysis of the control landscape." Journal of Chemical Physics 124, no. 20 (May 28, 2006): 204106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2198836.

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16

Lokutsievskiy, L. V., A. N. Pechen, and M. I. Zelikin. "Time-optimal state transfer for an open qubit." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 57, no. 27 (June 21, 2024): 275302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/ad5396.

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Abstract Finding minimal time and establishing the structure of the corresponding optimal controls which can transfer a given initial state of a quantum system into a given target state is a key problem of quantum control. In this work, this problem is solved for a basic component of various quantum technology processes—a qubit interacting with the environment and experiencing an arbitrary time-dependent coherent driving. We rigorously derive both upper and lower estimates for the minimal steering time. Surprisingly, we discover that the optimal controls have a very special form—they consist of two impulses, at the beginning and at the end of the control period, which can be assisted by a smooth time-dependent control in between. Moreover, an important for practical applications explicit almost optimal state transfer protocol is provided which only consists of four impulses and gives an almost optimal time of motion. The results can be directly applied to a variety of experimental situations for estimation of the ultimate limits of state control for quantum technologies.
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17

Roloff, R., M. Wenin, and W. Pötz. "Optimal Control for Open Quantum Systems: Qubits and Quantum Gates." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 1837–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2009.1246.

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18

Belavkin, V. P. "Quantum demolition filtering and optimal control of unstable systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1979 (November 28, 2012): 5396–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0517.

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A brief account of the quantum information dynamics and dynamical programming methods for optimal control of quantum unstable systems is given to both open loop and feedback control schemes corresponding respectively to deterministic and stochastic semi-Markov dynamics of stable or unstable systems. For the quantum feedback control scheme, we exploit the separation theorem of filtering and control aspects as in the usual case of quantum stable systems with non-demolition observation. This allows us to start with the Belavkin quantum filtering equation generalized to demolition observations and derive the generalized Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation using standard arguments of classical control theory. This is equivalent to a Hamilton–Jacobi equation with an extra linear dissipative term if the control is restricted to Hamiltonian terms in the filtering equation. An unstable controlled qubit is considered as an example throughout the development of the formalism. Finally, we discuss optimum observation strategies to obtain a pure quantum qubit state from a mixed one.
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19

Borzì, Alfio. "Quantum optimal control using the adjoint method." Nanoscale Systems: Mathematical Modeling, Theory and Applications 1 (November 29, 2012): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nsmmt-2012-0007.

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20

Rosa, Marta, Gabriel Gil, Stefano Corni, and Roberto Cammi. "Quantum optimal control theory for solvated systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 151, no. 19 (November 21, 2019): 194109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5125184.

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21

Brif, Constantin, Matthew D. Grace, Mohan Sarovar, and Kevin C. Young. "Exploring adiabatic quantum trajectories via optimal control." New Journal of Physics 16, no. 6 (June 24, 2014): 065013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/6/065013.

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22

Weaver, Nik. "Time-optimal control of finite quantum systems." Journal of Mathematical Physics 41, no. 8 (August 2000): 5262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533407.

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23

Wu, Rong, Ignacio R. Sola, and Herschel Rabitz. "Optimal quantum control with multi-polarization fields." Chemical Physics Letters 400, no. 4-6 (December 2004): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2004.10.151.

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24

Schirmer, Sonia. "Implementation of quantum gates via optimal control." Journal of Modern Optics 56, no. 6 (March 20, 2009): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340802344933.

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25

D'Alessandro, D., and M. Dahleh. "Optimal control of two-level quantum systems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 45, no. 6 (June 2001): 866–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.928587.

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26

Sun, Chen, Avadh Saxena, and Nikolai A. Sinitsyn. "Nearly optimal quantum control: an analytical approach." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 50, no. 17 (August 10, 2017): 175501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/aa807d.

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27

Shuang, Feng, Alexander Pechen, Tak-San Ho, and Herschel Rabitz. "Observation-assisted optimal control of quantum dynamics." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 13 (April 7, 2007): 134303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2711806.

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28

Salamon, Peter, Karl Heinz Hoffmann, and Anatoly Tsirlin. "Optimal control in a quantum cooling problem." Applied Mathematics Letters 25, no. 10 (October 2012): 1263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aml.2011.11.020.

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29

Itami, Teturo. "Quantum fluctuation in affine optimal control systems." Electrical Engineering in Japan 161, no. 4 (2007): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eej.20521.

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30

Borisenok, Sergey. "Control over performance of qubit-based sensors." Cybernetics and Physics, Volume 7, 2018, Number 3 (November 30, 2018): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35470/2226-4116-2018-7-3-93-95.

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The extreme sensitivity of quantum systems towards the external perturbations and in the same time their ability to be strongly coupled to the measured target field makes them to be stable under the environmental noise. A high quality quantum sensor can be engineered even on the platform of a single trapped qubit. There is a variety of optimal and sub-optimal algorithms for effective control over the quantum system states. Here we discuss the opportunity to improve the efficiency of the external field quantum sensor based on a single qubit via its feedback tracking.
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31

Niskanen, A. O., M. Nakahara, and M. M. Salomaa. "Optimal holonomic quantum gates." Quantum Information and Computation 2, Special (November 2002): 560–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic2.s-6.

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We study the construction of holonomy loops numerically in a realization-independent model of holonomic quantum computation. The aim is twofold. First, we present our technique of finding the suitable loop in the control manifold for any one-qubit and two-qubit unitary gates. Second, we develop the formalism further and add a penalty term for the length of the loop, thereby aiming to minimize the execution time for the quantum computation. Our method provides a general means by which holonomy loops can be realized in an experimental setup. Since holonomic quantum computation is adiabatic, optimizing with respect to the length of the loop may prove crucial.
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32

Yang, Hongli, Guohui Yu, and Ivan Ganchev Ivanov. "Quantum Control Design by Lyapunov Trajectory Tracking and Optimal Control." Entropy 26, no. 11 (November 15, 2024): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26110978.

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In this paper, we investigate a Lyapunov trajectory tracking design method that incorporates a Schrödinger equation with a dipole subterm and polarizability. Our findings suggest that the proposed control law can overcome the limitations of certain existing control laws that do not converge. By integrating a quadratic performance index, we introduce an optimal control law, which we subsequently analyze for stability and optimality. We also simulate the spin-1/2 particle system to illustrate our results. These findings are further validated through numerical illustrations involving a 3D, 5D system, and a spin-1/2 particle system.
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33

Muhamediyeva, Dilnoz, Nilufar Niyozmatova, Dilfuza Yusupova, and Boymirzo Samijonov. "Quantum optimization methods in water flow control." E3S Web of Conferences 590 (2024): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459002003.

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This paper examines the problem of optimizing water flow control in order to minimize costs, represented as the square of the water flow. This takes into account restrictions on this flow, such as the maximum flow value. To solve this problem, two optimization methods are used: the classical optimization method Sequential Least SQuares Programming (SLSQP) and the quantum optimization method Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). First, the classical SLSQP method finds the optimal control (water flow) according to the given cost function and constraints. Then the obtained result is refined using the quantum VQE method. The quantum method uses an ansatz to represent the quantum circuit and a Hamiltonian to describe the system. The problem comes down to finding the minimum eigenvalue of the Hamiltonian, which makes it possible to determine the optimal parameters of the quantum circuit that minimize the cost of controlling the water flow. Thus, the proposed approach combines the strengths of classical and quantum optimization to effectively solve the water flow control optimization problem.
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34

Chakrabarti, Raj, Rebing Wu, and Herschel Rabitz. "Quantum Pareto optimal control." Physical Review A 78, no. 3 (September 15, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.78.033414.

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35

Ravell Rodríguez, Ricard, Borhan Ahmadi, Gerardo Suarez, Pawel Mazurek, shabir barzanjeh, and Horodecki Paweł. "Optimal Quantum Control of Charging Quantum Batteries." New Journal of Physics, March 27, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ad3843.

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Abstract Quantum control allows us to address the problem of engineering quantum dynamics for special purposes. While recently the field of quantum batteries has attracted much attention, optimization of their charging has not benefited from the quantum control methods. Here we fill this gap by using an optimization method. We apply for the first time the convergent iterative method for the control of the population of a bipartite quantum system in two cases, starting with a qubit-qubit case. The quantum charger-battery system is considered here, where the energy is pumped into the charger by an external classical electromagnetic field. Secondly, we systematically extend our investigation to a second case involving two harmonic oscillators in the Gaussian regime, presenting an original formulation of the method. In both cases, the charger is considered to be an open dissipative system, as its interaction with the drive may require a more pronounced exposure to general interaction with environment. A key consideration in our optimization strategy is the practical concern of turning the charging external field on and off. We find that optimizing the pulse shape yields a substantial enhancement in both the power and efficiency of the charging process compared to a sinusoidal drive. The harmonic oscillator configuration of quantum batteries is particularly intriguing, as the optimal driving pulse remains effective regardless of the environmental temperature. This study introduces a novel approach to quantum battery charging optimization, opening avenues for enhanced performance in real-world applications.
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36

Tian, Jiazhao, Tianyi Du, Yu Liu, Haibin Liu, Fangzhou Jin, Ressa S. Said, and Jianming Cai. "Optimal quantum optical control of spin in diamond." Physical Review A 100, no. 1 (July 11, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.100.012110.

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37

Titum, Paraj, Kevin Schultz, Alireza Seif, Gregory Quiroz, and B. D. Clader. "Optimal control for quantum detectors." npj Quantum Information 7, no. 1 (March 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-021-00383-5.

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AbstractQuantum systems are promising candidates for sensing of weak signals as they can be highly sensitive to external perturbations, thus providing excellent performance when estimating parameters of external fields. However, when trying to detect weak signals that are hidden by background noise, the signal-to-noise ratio is a more relevant metric than raw sensitivity. We identify, under modest assumptions about the statistical properties of the signal and noise, the optimal quantum control to detect an external signal in the presence of background noise using a quantum sensor. Interestingly, for white background noise, the optimal solution is the simple and well-known spin-locking control scheme. Using numerical techniques, we further generalize these results to the case of background noise with a Lorentzian spectrum. We show that for increasing correlation time, pulse based sequences, such as CPMG, are also close to the optimal control for detecting the signal, with the crossover dependent on the signal frequency. These results show that an optimal detection scheme can be easily implemented in near-term quantum sensors without the need for complicated pulse shaping.
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38

Herzallah, Randa, and Abdessamad Belfakir. "Optimal Probabilistic Quantum Control Theory." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4236480.

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39

Räsänen, Esa, and Eric J. Heller. "Optimal control of quantum revival." European Physical Journal B 86, no. 1 (January 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2012-30921-4.

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40

Li, Jun, Xiaodong Yang, Xinhua Peng, and Chang-Pu Sun. "Hybrid Quantum-Classical Approach to Quantum Optimal Control." Physical Review Letters 118, no. 15 (April 11, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.150503.

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41

Hou, S. C., M. A. Khan, X. X. Yi, Daoyi Dong, and Ian R. Petersen. "Optimal Lyapunov-based quantum control for quantum systems." Physical Review A 86, no. 2 (August 21, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.86.022321.

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42

Liu, Ran, Xiaodong Yang, and Jun Li. "Robust quantum optimal control for Markovian quantum systems." Physical Review A 110, no. 1 (July 1, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.110.012402.

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43

Robin, Rémi, Ugo Boscain, Mario Sigalotti, and Dominique Sugny. "Chattering Phenomenon in Quantum Optimal Control." New Journal of Physics, December 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/acab24.

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Abstract We present a quantum optimal control problem which exhibits a chattering phenomenon. This is the first instance of such a process in quantum control. Using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle and a general procedure due to V. F. Borisov and M. I. Zelikin, we characterize the local optimal synthesis, which is then globalized by a suitable numerical algorithm. We illustrate the importance of detecting chattering phenomena because of their impact on the efficiency of numerical optimization procedures.
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44

Liu, Yu-Hong, Yexiong Zeng, Qing-Shou Tan, Daoyi Dong, Franco Nori, and Jie-Qiao Liao. "Optimal control of linear Gaussian quantum systems via quantum learning control." Physical Review A 109, no. 6 (June 6, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.109.063508.

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45

Fei, Xinyu, Lucas Brady, Jeffrey Larson, Sven Leyffer, and Siqian Shen. "Switching Time Optimization for Binary Quantum Optimal Control." ACM Transactions on Quantum Computing, July 19, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3670416.

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Quantum optimal control is a technique for controlling the evolution of a quantum system and has been applied to a wide range of problems in quantum physics. We study a binary quantum control optimization problem, where control decisions are binary-valued and the problem is solved in diverse quantum algorithms. In this paper, we utilize classical optimization and computing techniques to develop an algorithmic framework that sequentially optimizes the number of control switches and the duration of each control interval on a continuous time horizon. Specifically, we first solve the continuous relaxation of the binary control problem based on time discretization and then use a heuristic to obtain a controller sequence with a penalty on the number of switches. Then, we formulate a switching time optimization model and apply sequential least-squares programming with accelerated time-evolution simulation to solve the model. We demonstrate that our computational framework can obtain binary controls with high-quality performance and also reduce computational time via solving a family of quantum control instances in various quantum physics applications.
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46

Ansel, Quentin, Etienne Dionis, Floriane Arrouas, Bruno Peaudecerf, Stephane Guerin, David Guéry-Odelin, and Dominique Sugny. "Introduction to Theoretical and Experimental aspects of Quantum Optimal Control." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, May 2, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6455/ad46a5.

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Abstract Quantum optimal control is a set of methods for designing time-varying electromagnetic fields to perform operations in quantum technologies. This tutorial paper introduces the basic elements of this theory based on the Pontryagin maximum principle, in a physicist-friendly way. An analogy with classical Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics is proposed to present the main results used in this field. Emphasis is placed on the different numerical algorithms to solve a quantum optimal control problem. Several examples ranging from the control of two-level quantum systems to that of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in a one-dimensional optical lattice are studied in detail, using both analytical and numerical methods. Codes based on shooting method and gradient-based algorithms are provided. The connection between optimal processes and the quantum speed limit is also discussed in two-level quantum systems. In the case of BEC, the experimental implementation of optimal control protocols is described, both for two-level and many-level cases, with the current constraints and limitations of such platforms. This presentation is illustrated by the corresponding experimental results.
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47

Räsänen, Esa, Antti Putaja, and Yousof Mardoukhi. "Optimal control strategies for coupled quantum dots." Open Physics 11, no. 9 (January 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11534-013-0277-2.

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AbstractSemiconductor quantum dots are ideal candidates for quantum information applications in solid-state technology. However, advanced theoretical and experimental tools are required to coherently control, for example, the electronic charge in these systems. Here we demonstrate how quantum optimal control theory provides a powerful way to manipulate the electronic structure of coupled quantum dots with an extremely high fidelity. As alternative control fields we apply both laser pulses as well as electric gates, respectively. We focus on double and triple quantum dots containing a single electron or two electrons interacting via Coulomb repulsion. In the two-electron situation we also briefly demonstrate the challenges of timedependent density-functional theory within the adiabatic local-density approximation to produce comparable results with the numerically exact approach.
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48

Zhdanov, Dmitry V., and Tamar Seideman. "Role of control constraints in quantum optimal control." Physical Review A 92, no. 5 (November 13, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.92.052109.

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49

Kelly, J., R. Barends, B. Campbell, Y. Chen, Z. Chen, B. Chiaro, A. Dunsworth, et al. "Optimal Quantum Control Using Randomized Benchmarking." Physical Review Letters 112, no. 24 (June 20, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.112.240504.

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50

Sauvage, Frédéric, and Florian Mintert. "Optimal Quantum Control with Poor Statistics." PRX Quantum 1, no. 2 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/prxquantum.1.020322.

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