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Journal articles on the topic 'Quarks, gluons and lattices'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Stoddart, J. C. "Quarks, Gluons and Lattices: Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics." Physics Bulletin 37, no. 5 (1986): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9112/37/5/031.

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2

IIDA, HIDEAKI, TORU T. TAKAHASHI, and HIDEO SUGANUMA. "PROPERTIES OF SCALAR-QUARK SYSTEMS IN SU(3)c LATTICE QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 27n30 (2008): 2344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308029344.

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We perform the first study for the bound states of colored scalar particles ϕ (“scalar quarks”) in terms of mass generation with quenched SU (3)c lattice QCD. We investigate the bound states of ϕ, ϕ†ϕ and ϕϕϕ (“scalar-quark hadrons”), as well as the bound states of ϕ and quarks ψ, i.e., ϕ†ψ, ψψϕ and ϕϕψ (“chimera hadrons”). All these new-type hadrons including ϕ have a large mass of several GeV due to large quantum corrections by gluons, even for zero bare scalar-quark mass mϕ = 0 at a−1 ~ 1 GeV . We find a similar mψ-dependence between ϕ†ψ and ϕϕψ, which indicates their similar structure due

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3

Musakhanov, Mirzayusuf. "Gluons, Heavy and Light Quarks in the QCD Vacuum." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202092.

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We are discussing the properties of the QCD vacuum which might be important especially for the understanding of hadrons with small quark core size ~ 0:3 fm: We assume that at these distances the QCD vacuum can be described by the Instanton Liquid Model (ILM). At larger distances, where confinement is important, ILM should be extended to Dyons Liquid Model (DLM). The ILM has only two free parameters, average instanton size ρ ≈ 0:3 fm and average inter-instanton distance R ≈ 1 fm, and can successfully describe the key features of light hadron physics. One of the important conceptual results was

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4

Fan, Zhouyou, Rui Zhang, and Huey-Wen Lin. "Nucleon gluon distribution function from 2 + 1 + 1-flavor lattice QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 36, no. 13 (2021): 2150080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x21500809.

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The parton distribution functions (PDFs) provide process-independent information about the quarks and gluons inside hadrons. Although the gluon PDF can be obtained from a global fit to experimental data, it is not constrained well in the large-[Formula: see text] region. Theoretical gluon-PDF studies are much fewer than those of the quark PDFs. In this work, we present the first lattice-QCD results that access the [Formula: see text]-dependence of the gluon unpolarized PDF of the nucleon. The lattice calculation is carried out with nucleon momenta up to 2.16 GeV, lattice spacing [Formula: see

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5

JI, XIANGDONG, and YONG ZHAO. "PHYSICS OF GLUON HELICITY." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 25 (January 2014): 1460028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514600283.

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The total gluon helicity in a polarized proton is shown to be a matrix element of a gauge-invariant but nonlocal, frame-dependent gluon spin operator [Formula: see text] in the large momentum limit. The operator [Formula: see text] is fit for the calculation of the total gluon helicity in lattice QCD. This calculation also implies that parton physics can be studied through the large momentum limit of frame-dependent, equal-time correlation functions of quarks and gluons.

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Machahari, Luxmi, and D. K. Choudhury. "Q2 dependence of the fractional momenta carried by small x quarks and gluons in models of proton structure function." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 33 (2019): 1950273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319502730.

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Recently, we suggested two alternative analytical models of proton structure function [Formula: see text] and gluon distribution [Formula: see text] at small [Formula: see text] [L. Machahari and D. K. Choudhury, Eur. Phys. J. A 54, 69 (2018); Commun. Theor. Phys. 71, 56 (2019)] derived from the coupled DGLAP equations for quarks and gluons approximated by Taylor expansion. In this work, we compute the partial momentum fractions carried by quarks and gluons in limited small [Formula: see text] range: [Formula: see text] and compare them with few other models available in the current literature

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Dey, Jayanta, Sarthak Satapathy, Ankita Mishra, Souvik Paul, and Sabyasachi Ghosh. "From noninteracting to interacting picture of quark–gluon plasma in the presence of a magnetic field and its fluid property." International Journal of Modern Physics E 30, no. 06 (2021): 2150044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301321500440.

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We have attempted to build a parametric-based simplified and analytical model to map the interaction of quarks and gluons in the presence of magnetic field, which has been constrained by quark condensate and thermodynamical quantities like pressure, energy density, etc., obtained from the calculation of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCDs). To fulfill that mapping, we have assumed a parametric temperature and magnetic field-dependent degeneracy factor, average energy, momentum and velocity of quarks and gluons. Implementing this QCD interaction in calculation of transport coefficient at finit

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8

Morningstar, Colin. "PWA AND THE LATTICE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 03 (2003): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014290.

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9

Bietenholz, W., and U. J. Wiese. "Perfect lattice actions for quarks and gluons." Nuclear Physics B 464, no. 1-2 (1996): 319–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00678-8.

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10

Ishikawa, K. I., Y. Iwasaki, Yu Nakayama, and T. Yoshie. "Nontrivial center dominance in high temperature QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 31, no. 25 (2016): 1650150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732316501509.

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We investigate the properties of quarks and gluons above the chiral phase transition temperature [Formula: see text], using the renormalization group (RG) improved gauge action and the Wilson quark action with two degenerate quarks mainly on a [Formula: see text] lattice. In the one-loop perturbation theory, the thermal ensemble is dominated by the gauge configurations with effectively [Formula: see text] center twisted boundary conditions, making the thermal expectation value of the spatial Polyakov loop take a nontrivial [Formula: see text] center. This is in agreement with our lattice simul

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11

Kenway, Richard. "Lattice QCD Results and Prospects." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, supp01 (2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03016549.

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In the Standard Model, quarks and gluons are permanently confined by the strong interaction into hadronic bound states. The values of the quark masses and the strengths of the decays of one quark flavour into another cannot be measured directly, but must be deduced from experiments on hadrons. This requires calculations of the strong-interaction effects within the bound states, which are only possible using numerical simulations of lattice QCD. These are computationally intensive and, for the past twenty years, have exploited leading-edge computing technology. In conjunction with experimental

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12

Nilima, Indrani, and Vineet Kumar Agotiya. "Equation of States and Charmonium Suppression in Heavy-Ion Collisions." Advances in High Energy Physics 2019 (August 6, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9574136.

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The present article is the follow-up of our work Bottomonium suppression in quasi-particle model, where we have extended the study for charmonium states using quasi-particle model in terms of quasi-gluons and quasi quarks/antiquarks as an equation of state. By employing medium modification to a heavy quark potential thermodynamic observables, viz., pressure, energy density, speed of sound, etc. have been calculated which nicely fit with the lattice equation of state for gluon, massless, and as well massive flavored plasma. For obtaining the thermodynamic observables we employed the debye mass

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Teryaev, O. V. "Some QCD/gravity intersections." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 28n29 (2016): 1645032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16450329.

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Gravitational form factors are the matrix elements of the Belinfante energy momentum tensor (EMT) which naturally incorporate the hadron structure and the equivalence principle. The relocalization property allowing to transform EMT to the Belinfante form provides the “kinematical” counterpart of the famous [Formula: see text] problem. The equivalence principle may be approximately valid for quarks and gluons separately in non-perturbative (NP)QCD, and this conjecture is supported by the experimental and lattice data. The extra-dimensional gravity leading to holographic AdS/QCD is supporting th

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14

MEI, ZHONG-HAO, and XIANG-QIAN LUO. "EXOTIC MESONS FROM QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS WITH IMPROVED GLUON AND QUARK ACTIONS ON THE ANISOTROPIC LATTICE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 31 (2003): 5713–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03017038.

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Hybrid (exotic) mesons, which are important predictions of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), are states of quarks and antiquarks bound by excited gluons. First principle lattice study of such states would help us understand the role of "dynamical" color in low energy QCD and provide valuable information for experimental search for these new particles. In this paper, we apply both improved gluon and quark actions to the hybrid mesons, which might be much more efficient than the previous works in reducing lattice spacing error and finite volume effect. Quenched simulations were done at β=2.6 and on

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15

Reinhardt, H., G. Burgio, D. Campagnari, et al. "Hamiltonian Approach to QCD in Coulomb Gauge: A Survey of Recent Results." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2312498.

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We report on recent results obtained within the Hamiltonian approach to QCD in Coulomb gauge. Furthermore this approach is compared to recent lattice data, which were obtained by an alternative gauge-fixing method and which show an improved agreement with the continuum results. By relating the Gribov confinement scenario to the center vortex picture of confinement, it is shown that the Coulomb string tension is tied to the spatial string tension. For the quark sector, a vacuum wave functional is used which explicitly contains the coupling of the quarks to the transverse gluons and which result

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THOMAS, ANTHONY W. "SPIN AND ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUM IN THE PROTON." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 05n06 (2009): 1116–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309013403.

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Since the announcement of the proton spin crisis by the European Muon Collaboration there has been considerable progress in unravelling the distribution of spin and orbital angular momentum within the proton. We review the current status of the problem, showing that not only have strong upper limits have been placed on the amount of polarized glue in the proton but that the experimental determination of the spin content has become much more precise. It is now clear that the origin of the discrepancy between experiment and the naive expectation of the fraction of spin carried by the quarks and

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17

DeTar, Carleton, James E. King, Sai Ping Li, and Larry McLerran. "Axial gauge propagators for quarks and gluons on the Polyakov-Wilson lattice." Nuclear Physics B 249, no. 4 (1985): 621–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(85)90025-2.

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18

Boyle, P. A., R. D. Kenway, and C. M. Maynard. "UKQCD software for lattice quantum chromodynamics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1897 (2009): 2585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2009.0057.

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Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the quantum field theory of the strong nuclear interaction and it explains how quarks and gluons are bound together to make more familiar objects such as the proton and neutron, which form the nuclei of atoms. UKQCD is a collaboration of eight UK universities that have come together to obtain and pool sufficient resources, both computational and manpower, to perform lattice QCD calculations. This paper explains how UKQCD uses and develops this software, how performance critical kernels for diverse architectures such as quantum chromodynamics-on-a-chip, BlueGene

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19

Dzierba, Alex R. "THE SCIENCE OF CONFINEMENT AND THE GLUEX/HALL D PROJECT AT JEFFERSON LAB." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, no. 03 (2003): 397–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03014319.

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One of the outstanding and fundamental questions in physics is the quantitative understanding of the confinement of quarks and gluons in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Confinement is a unique feature of QCD. Exotic hybrid mesons manifest gluonic degrees of freedom and their spectroscopy will provide the crucial data needed to test assumptions in lattice QCD and phenomenology leading to confinement. Photo-production is expected to be particularly effective in producing exotic hybrids but data using photon probes are sparse. At Jefferson Lab, plans are underway to use the coherent bremsstrahlung

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20

Choudhury, D. K., Baishali Saikia, and K. Kalita. "Momentum fractions carried by quarks and gluons in models of proton structure functions at small x." International Journal of Modern Physics A 32, no. 18 (2017): 1750107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1750107x.

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In this paper, we report an analysis of partial momentum fractions carried by quarks and gluons in six alternative phenomenological models of proton structure function valid in limited small [Formula: see text] regions: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] to 6; the limits being determined by phenomenological range of validity in each model. Since the physics of small [Formula: see text] is not completely understood at this point, we have considered both self-similarity-based as well as QCD-based models. The procedure by which one can determine the applicability ranges in [Formula: see tex

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21

Lévai, Péter, and Ulrich Heinz. "Massive gluons and quarks and the equation of state obtained from SU(3) lattice QCD." Physical Review C 57, no. 4 (1998): 1879–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.57.1879.

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22

Farchioni, F., K. Jansen, I. Montvay, et al. "The phase structure of lattice QCD with two flavors of Wilson quarks and renormalization group improved gluons." European Physical Journal C 42, no. 1 (2005): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2005-02262-5.

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23

Costa, Marios, and Haralambos Panagopoulos. "Renormalization of Supersymmetric QCD on the Lattice." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 14001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817514001.

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We perform a pilot study of the perturbative renormalization of a Supersymmetric gauge theory with matter fields on the lattice. As a specific example, we consider Supersymmetric N=1 QCD (SQCD). We study the self-energies of all particles which appear in this theory, as well as the renormalization of the coupling constant. To this end we compute, perturbatively to one-loop, the relevant two-point and three-point Green’s functions using both dimensional and lattice regularizations. Our lattice formulation involves theWilson discretization for the gluino and quark fields; for gluons we employ th

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24

Kirscher, J. "Matching effective few-nucleon theories to QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 05 (2016): 1641001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316410019.

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The emergence of complex macroscopic phenomena from a small set of parameters and microscopic concepts demonstrates the power and beauty of physical theories. A theory which relates the wealth of data and peculiarities found in nuclei to the small number of parameters and symmetries of quantum chromodynamics is by that standard of exceptional beauty. Decade-long research on computational physics and on effective field theories facilitate the assessment of the presumption that quark masses and strong and electromagnetic coupling constants suffice to parametrize the nuclear chart. By presenting

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25

Buras, Andrzej J. "The Dual QCD @ Work: 2018." EPJ Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 00048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201819200048.

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The Dual QCD (DQCD) framework, based on the ideas of ’t Hooft and Witten, and developed by Bill Bardeen, Jean-Marc Gérard and myself in the 1980s is not QCD, a theory of quarks and gluons, but a successful low energy approximation of it when applied to K → ππ decays and K¯0 - K0 mixing. After years of silence, starting with 2014, this framework has been further developed in order to improve the SM prediction for the ratio ε'/ε, the ΔI = 1/2 rule and B^K. Most importantly, this year it has been used for the calculation of all K → ππ hadronic matrix elements of BSM operators which opened the roa

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26

Müller-Preussker, M. "Creutz, M., Quarks, Gluons and Lattices. Cambridge etc. Cambridge University Press 1983. VI, 169 S., £ 7.95, $ 12.95. ISBN 0-521-31535-2. (Cambridge Monogr. on Mathematical Physics)." ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 67, no. 1 (1987): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zamm.19870670104.

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27

Pan, Ying-Hua, and Wei-Ning Zhang. "Chemical Evolution of Strongly Interacting Quark-Gluon Plasma." Advances in High Energy Physics 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/952607.

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At very initial stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions a wave of quark-gluon matter is produced from the break-up of the strong color electric field and then thermalizes at a short time scale (~1 fm/c). However, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) system is far out of chemical equilibrium, especially for the heavy quarks which are supposed to reach chemical equilibrium much late. In this paper a continuing quark production picture for strongly interacting QGP system is derived, using the quark number susceptibilities and the equation of state; both of them are from the results calculated by the W

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28

ALKOFER, R., C. S. FISCHER, F. J. LLANES-ESTRADA, and K. SCHWENZER. "WHAT THE INFRARED BEHAVIOR OF QCD VERTEX FUNCTIONS IN LANDAU GAUGE CAN TELL US ABOUT CONFINEMENT." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 09 (2007): 2720–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307008367.

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The infrared behavior of Landau gauge QCD vertex functions is investigated employing a skeleton expansion of the Dyson–Schwinger and Renormalization Group equations. Results for the ghost-gluon, three-gluon, four-gluon and quark-gluon vertex functions are presented. Positivity violation of the gluon propagator, and thus gluon confinement, is demonstrated. Results of the Dyson–Schwinger equations for a finite volume are compared to corresponding lattice data. It is analytically demonstrated that a linear rising potential between heavy quarks can be generated by infrared singularities in the dre

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29

Andreev, Oleg. "Drag force on heavy quarks and spatial string tension." Modern Physics Letters A 33, no. 06 (2018): 1850041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732318500414.

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Heavy quark transport coefficients in a strongly coupled Quark–Gluon Plasma can be evaluated using a gauge/string duality and lattice QCD. Via this duality, one can argue that for low momenta the drag coefficient for heavy quarks is proportional to the spatial string tension. Such a tension is well-studied on the lattice that allows one to straightforwardly make non-perturbative estimates of the heavy quark diffusion coefficients near the critical point. The obtained results are consistent with those in the literature.

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30

SUGANUMA, HIDEO, ARATA YAMAMOTO, NAOYUKI SAKUMICHI, TORU T. TAKAHASHI, HIDEAKI IIDA, and FUMIKO OKIHARU. "INTER-QUARK POTENTIALS IN BARYONS AND MULTI-QUARK SYSTEMS IN QCD." Modern Physics Letters A 23, no. 27n30 (2008): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732308029320.

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We perform the first studies of various inter-quark potentials in SU(3)c lattice QCD. From the accurate lattice calculation for more than 300 different patterns of three-quark (3Q) systems, we find that the static 3Q potential V3Q is well described by Y-Ansatz, i.e., the Coulomb plus Y-type linear potential. Quark confinement mechanism in baryons is also investigated in maximally-Abelian projected QCD. We next study the multi-quark potentials VnQ (n = 4,5) in SU(3)c lattice QCD, and find that they are well described by the one-gluon-exchange Coulomb plus multi-Y type linear potential, which su

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31

GORENSTEIN, M. I., H. G. MILLER, R. A. RITCHIE, and SHIN NAN YANG. "THERMODYNAMICAL FUNCTIONS AND THE HEAVY-QUARK POTENTIAL IN AN SU(2) GLUON PLASMA." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 39 (1995): 3001–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395003136.

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Monte-Carlo lattice data for thermodynamical functions and the heavy-quark potential for an SU(2) gluon plasma are considered in the “cutoff” model with a temperature dependent cutoff parameter. Good agreement with the data in both cases was found. We compare these results with a model of gluons with a thermal mass and find little difference between the two models. The results obtained for the heavy-quark potential are significantly better in both cases than those obtained from pure perturbative calculations.

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32

Vollmer, G., K. Hepp, F. Haake, et al. "Zeh: Die Physik der Zeitrichtung/Pauli: Physik und Erkenntnistheorie/Kümmel: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics/Kanitscheider, Törnebohm, Drieschner: Moderne Naturphilosophie/Fabian: Atmosphäre und Umwelt/Creutz: Quarks, gluons and lattices/Ebeling, Kraeft." Physik Journal 41, no. 2 (1985): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19850410213.

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33

Villegas, Kristian Hauser, and Jose Perico Esguerra. "Lattice gauge theory and gluon color-confinement in curved spacetime." Modern Physics Letters A 30, no. 05 (2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315500200.

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The lattice gauge theory (LGT) for curved spacetime is formulated. A discretized action is derived for both gluon and quark fields which reduces to the generally covariant form in the continuum limit. Using the Wilson action, it is shown analytically that for a general curved spacetime background, two propagating gluons are always color-confined. The fermion-doubling problem is discussed in the specific case of Friedman–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric. Last, we discussed possible future numerical implementation of lattice QCD in curved spacetime.

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34

BEGUN, V. V., M. I. GORENSTEIN, and O. A. MOGILEVSKY. "MODIFIED BAG MODELS FOR THE QUARK–GLUON PLASMA EQUATION OF STATE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 20, no. 08 (2011): 1805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301311019623.

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The modified versions of the bag model equation of state (EoS) are considered. They are constructed to satisfy the main qualitative features observed for the quark–gluon plasma EoS in the lattice QCD calculations. A quantitative comparison with the lattice results at high temperatures T are done in the SU(3) gluodynamics and in the full QCD with dynamical quarks. Our analysis advocates a negative value of the bag constant B.

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35

Shanahan, Phiala. "The gluon structure of hadrons and nuclei from lattice QCD." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817501015.

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I discuss recent lattice QCD studies of the gluon structure of hadrons and light nuclei. After very briefly highlighting new determinations of the gluon contributions to the nucleon’s momentum and spin, presented by several collaborations over the last year, I describe first calculations of gluon generalised form factors. The generalised transversity gluon distributions are of particular interest since they are purely gluonic; they do not mix with quark distributions at leading twist. In light nuclei they moreover provide a clean signature of non-nucleonic gluon degrees of freedom, and I prese

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36

Hajizadeh, Ouraman, Tamer Boz, Axel Maas, and Jon-Ivar Skullerud. "Gluon and ghost correlation functions of 2-color QCD at finite density." EPJ Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 07012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817507012.

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2-color QCD, i. e. QCD with the gauge group SU(2), is the simplest non-Abelian gauge theory without sign problem at finite quark density. Therefore its study on the lattice is a benchmark for other non-perturbative approaches at finite density. To provide such benchmarks we determine the minimal-Landau-gauge 2-point and 3-gluon correlation functions of the gauge sector and the running gauge coupling at finite density. We observe no significant effects, except for some low-momentum screening of the gluons at and above the supposed high-density phase transition.

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37

Potvin, Jean. "La physique de la matière hadronique à haute température telle que décrite par la chromodynamique quantique sur réseau espace–temps." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 12 (1989): 1228–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-206.

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The numerical simulation of quantum chromodynamics on a space–time lattice allows for the calculation of many properties of hadronic matter at high temperature in a direct and in a nonperturbative fashion. This paper will be a review of the calculation techniques and results published in the past 5 years. Among other things, I will discuss the order of the phase transition, the critical temperature, the force between heavy quarks, as well as the thermodynamics and the spectroscopy of the quark–gluon plasma.

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38

Aarts, Gert, Chris Allton, Davide de Boni, et al. "Baryons in the plasma: In-medium effects and parity doubling." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 14005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817114005.

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We investigate the fate of baryons made out of u, d and s quarks in the hadronic gas and the quark-gluon plasma, using nonperturbative lattice simulations, employing the FASTSUManisotropic Nf = 2+1 ensembles. In the confined phase a strong temperature dependence is seen in the masses of the negative-parity groundstates, while the positiveparity groundstate masses are approximately temperature independent, within the error. At high temperature parity doubling emerges. A noticeable effect of the heavier s quark is seen. We give a simple description of the medium-dependent masses for the negative

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39

Fan, Zhou-You, Wen-Kai Fan, Qing-Wu Wang, and Hong-Shi Zong. "NJL model with the modified quark-dependent coupling strength G." Modern Physics Letters A 32, no. 20 (2017): 1750107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732317501073.

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In this paper, the coupling strength G of the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is modified by incorporating quark’s feedback into the gluon propagator. The modified two-flavor NJL model with the quark-dependent coupling strength is explored. The quark condensate in this framework has a conspicuous agreement with the lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) results at finite temperature. Then, it is compared with the original NJL model in both zero (chiral limit) and nonzero current quark mass. The QCD phase diagram and susceptibilities are investigated in the temperature–chemical potential [Formula:

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40

László Jenkovszky. "Quarks, Gluons and Glueballs." Physics of Particles and Nuclei 51, no. 4 (2020): 686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106377962004036x.

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41

Wilczek, Frank. "Liberating quarks and gluons." Nature 391, no. 6665 (1998): 330–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/34778.

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Liang, Bin. "On Quarks and Gluons." Journal of Modern Physics 06, no. 07 (2015): 982–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.67102.

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MATHIEU, VINCENT, NIKOLAI KOCHELEV, and VICENTE VENTO. "THE PHYSICS OF GLUEBALLS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 18, no. 01 (2009): 1–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301309012124.

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Glueballs are particles whose valence degrees of freedom are gluons and therefore in their description the gauge field plays a dominant role. We review recent results in the physics of glueballs with the aim set on phenomenology and discuss the possibility of finding them in conventional hadronic experiments and in the Quark Gluon Plasma. In order to describe their properties we resort to a variety of theoretical treatments which include, lattice QCD, constituent models, AdS/QCD methods, and QCD sum rules. The review is supposed to be an informed guide to the literature. Therefore, we do not d

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NISHIJIMA, KAZUHIKO. "CONFINEMENT OF QUARKS AND GLUONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 21 (1994): 3799–819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94001539.

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It is proved without recourse to any approximation that quarks and gluons are confined simultaneously when the anomalous dimension of the gluon field is negative in the weak coupling limit. The proof is based on the BRS invariance of quantum chromodynamics and the Oehme–Zimmermann superconvergence relation for the spectral function of the gluon field.

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Gottlieb, Steve. "Quarks and gluons get real." Physics World 18, no. 7 (2005): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/18/7/32.

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SIMJI, P., and VISHNU M. BANNUR. "PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF GLUON PLASMA IN THE LARGE TEMPERATURE RANGE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, no. 25 (2013): 1350121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13501212.

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Quasiparticle quark–gluon plasma (qQGP) model and strongly coupled quark–gluon plasma (SCQGP) are two different phenomenological models of quark–gluon plasma (QGP) that try to explain the nonideal behavior seen in lattice simulation of QCD and in relativistic heavy ion collisions. These models almost successfully explain the existing lattice data up to 5Tc. Here, we investigate how better these models fit the recent lattice data results of precision SU(3) thermodynamics for a large temperature range (up to 1000Tc) by studying the statistical mechanics and thermodynamics of gluon plasma and hen

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HARRIS, JOHN W. "EVIDENCE FOR A QUARK-GLUON PLASMA AT RHIC." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 03 (2007): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006186.

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This presentation is given in honor of Walter Greiner's 70th birthday, in recognition of the pioneering work of his "Frankfurt School" and their contributions to the field of heavy ion physics. Ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) form an extremely hot system at energy densities greater than 5 GeV/fm3, where normal hadrons cannot exist. Upon rapid cooling of the system to a temperature T ~ 175 MeV and vanishingly small baryo-chemical potential, hadrons coalesce from quarks at the quark-hadron phase boundary predicted by lattice QCD. A larg

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LIU, WEI, CHE MING KO, and BEN-WEI ZHANG. "JET CONVERSIONS IN QGP AND SUPPRESSION OF IDENTIFIED HADRONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 07n08 (2007): 1930–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021830130700726x.

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A gluon or quark jet traversing through a quark-gluon plasma can be converted into a quark or gluon jet through scatterings with thermal partons. Their conversion rates due to two-body elastic and inelastic scattering as well as scatterings involving gluon radiation are evaluated in the lowest order in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). Including both energy loss and conversions of quark and gluon jets in the expanding quark-gluon plasma produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, we find a net conversion of quark jets to gluon jets. This reduces the difference between the nuclear modification f

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Blaschke, David, Kirill A. Devyatyarov, and Olaf Kaczmarek. "Quark Cluster Expansion Model for Interpreting Finite-T Lattice QCD Thermodynamics." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030514.

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In this work, we present a unified approach to the thermodynamics of hadron–quark–gluon matter at finite temperatures on the basis of a quark cluster expansion in the form of a generalized Beth–Uhlenbeck approach with a generic ansatz for the hadronic phase shifts that fulfills the Levinson theorem. The change in the composition of the system from a hadron resonance gas to a quark–gluon plasma takes place in the narrow temperature interval of 150–190 MeV, where the Mott dissociation of hadrons is triggered by the dropping quark mass as a result of the restoration of chiral symmetry. The deconf

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Hansson, J. "A simple explanation of the nonappearance of physical gluons and quarks." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 9 (2002): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-034.

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We show that the nonappearance of gluons and quarks as physical particles is a rigorous and automatic result of the full, i.e., nonperturbative, nonabelian nature of the color interaction in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This makes it, in general, impossible to describe the color field as a collection of elementary quanta (gluons). Neither can a quark be an elementary quantum of the quark field, as the color field of which it is the source is itself a source, making isolated noninteracting quarks, crucial for a physical particle interpretation, impossible. In geometrical language, the impossib

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