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Journal articles on the topic 'Quarks. Hadronen'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bicudo, P. "THE PENTAQUARKS IN THE LINEAR MOLECULAR HEPTAQUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 19 (2005): 4593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05028259.

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In this talk, multiquarks are studied microscopically in a standard quark model. In pure ground-state pentaquarks the short-range interaction is computed and it is shown to be repulsive. An additional quark-antiquark pair is then considered, and this is suggested to produce linear molecular system, with a narrow decay width. The quarks assemble in three hadronic clusters, and the central hadron provides stability. The possible crypto-heptaquark hadrons with exotic pentaquark flavours, with strange, charmed and bottomed quarks, are predicted.

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2

TERAZAWA, HIDEZUMI. "SUPERFICIAL NON-UNITARITY OF THE QUARK-MIXING MATRIX AS A POSSIBLE EVIDENCE FOR THE SUBSTRUCTURE OF QUARKS." Modern Physics Letters A 11, no. 30 (1996): 2463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732396002459.

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Superficial non-unitarity of the quark-mixing matrix, which has been predicted to be momentum transfer dependent due to the possible substructure of quarks, is discussed in composite models of quarks and leptons. A precise measurement of the momentum transfer dependence of the branching ratios for inclusive hadronic decays of τ→vτ+ hadrons and for inclusive semi-leptonic decays of K, D, B and [Formula: see text] hadrons is proposed as one of the best experimental searches for a possible evidence of the substructure of quarks.

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3

MITRA, A. N., and ANJU SHARMA. "TOTAL WIDTHS OF LIGHT HADRONS: AN INCLUSIVE VIEW." International Journal of Modern Physics A 10, no. 19 (1995): 2799–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x95001327.

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The total width of a [Formula: see text] hadron is modeled by the rate at which it dissociates into a pair of quasifree quarks brought about by “soft” and “hard” gluon exchanges, under the ansatz of a short time zone for the existence of such a state. A crucial ingredient in this regard is the quark’s mass function for which a nonperturbative formula is obtained via dynamical breaking of the chiral symmetry of an input vector-exchange-like four-fermion Lagrangian, facilitated by the knowledge that for a chirally invariant Lagrangian this quantity is also equal to the pion-quark vertex function

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4

Palazzo, Serena. "Highlights of top quark measurements in hadronic final states at ATLAS." EPJ Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817204001.

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Measurements of inclusive and differential top quark production cross sections in hadronic final states, including hadronic τ decays, in proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are presented at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8 and 13 TeV. The inclusive cross section measurements reach high precision and are compared to other decay modes and the best available theoretical calculations. Differential measurements of the kinematic properties of top quark events are also discussed. These measurements use boosted top quarks, probing our understanding of top quark

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5

McKellar, BHJ. "Relativistic Bound States." Australian Journal of Physics 44, no. 3 (1991): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph910149.

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The standard resul ts of the quark model rely on nonrelativistic descriptions of the wavefunctions of the quarks in the hadron. However, simple uncertainty principle considerations show that the momenta of the quarks are comparable to their (constituent) masses, so that relativistic dynamics must be used in the description of the hadronic structure. In this paper I describe a number of new and old results which illustrate relativistic effects on the quark structure of hardons, and which employ the method of light cone quantisation to handle relativity.

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6

LAYEK, BISWANATH, AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA, and SOMA SANYAL. "EXCITED HADRONS AS A SIGNAL FOR QUARK–GLUON PLASMA FORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 16 (2006): 3421–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06033088.

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At the quark–hadron transition, when quarks get confined to hadrons, certain orbitally excited states, namely those which have excitation energies above the respective L = 0 states of the same order as the transition temperature Tc, may form easily because of thermal velocities of quarks at the transition temperature. We propose that the ratio of multiplicities of such excited states to the respective L = 0 states can serve as an almost model independent signal for the quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. For example, the ratio R* of multiplicities of [Formu

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7

Brodsky, Stanley J., Guy F. de Teramond, and Hans Günter Dosch. "Light-front holographic QCD and color confinement." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 21 (2014): 1444013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14440138.

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One of the most fundamental problems in Quantum Chromodynamics is to understand the origin of the mass scale which controls the range of color confinement and the hadronic spectrum. For example, if one sets the Higgs couplings of quarks to zero, then no mass parameters appear in the QCD Lagrangian, and the theory is conformal at the classical level. Nevertheless, hadrons have a finite mass. We show that a mass gap and a fundamental color confinement scale arise when one extends the formalism of de Alfaro, Fubini and Furlan (dAFF) to frame-independent light-front Hamiltonian theory. Remarkably,

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8

Baral, R. C., K. K. Mohanta, N. R. Panda, and P. K. Sahu. "Radial oscillation of compact stars in the presence of magnetic field." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 06 (2016): 1650037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316500373.

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Compact stars are classified into three categories: neutron stars (NSs), quark stars (QSs) and hybrid stars (HSs). Stars having only hadronic matter are NSs, QSs having only quark matter up to u, d and s quarks and stars having quark core surrounded by a mixed matter (hadronic matter and quark matter) followed by hadronic matter are HSs. The mixed matter is well distributed to both hadron and quark matters. A huge magnetic field is predicted in the core of the neutron star and is observed in the surface of the neutron star. We study the effect of such huge magnetic field in the matter inside t

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9

PAOLI, M. G., and D. P. MENEZES. "EFFECTS OF THE EXISTENCE OF A MIXED PHASE IN HYBRID NEUTRON STARS." International Journal of Modern Physics D 19, no. 08n10 (2010): 1525–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271810017998.

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In this work we investigate the structure of hybrid stars composed of a hadron phase described by the nonlinear Walecka model and a quark phase described by the Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model. Two constructions are studied: the first one considers the existence of a mixed phase at intermediate stellar densities, between the density where matter is composed of hadrons and the density where matter is composed of quarks. The second construction implies the inexistence of this mixed phase. In this case, the hadron and the quark phases are in direct contact.

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10

Brodsky, Stanley J. "Exclusive processes and the fundamental structure of hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics A 30, no. 02 (2015): 1530014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x15300148.

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I review the historical development of QCD predictions for exclusive hadronic processes, beginning with constituent counting rules and the quark interchange mechanism, phenomena which gave early validation for the quark structure of hadrons. The subsequent development of pQCD factorization theorems for hard exclusive amplitudes and the development of evolution equations for the hadron distribution amplitudes provided a rigorous framework for calculating hadronic form factors and hard scattering exclusive scattering processes at high momentum transfer. I also give a brief introduction to the fi

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11

SONG, JUN, FENG-LAN SHAO, and QU-BING XIE. "THE INFLUENCE OF NET QUARKS ON YIELDS AND RAPIDITY SPECTRA OF IDENTIFIED HADRONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 06 (2009): 1161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0904302x.

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Within a quark combination model, we study systematically the yields and rapidity spectra of various hadrons in central Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text]. We find that considering the difference in rapidity between net quarks and newborn quarks, the data of multiplicities, rapidity distributions for π±, K±, [Formula: see text] and, in particular, the ratios of charged antihadron to hadron as a function of rapidity, can be well described. The effects of net quarks on various hadrons are analyzed, and the rapidity distributions for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see

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12

Younus, Mohammed, Sushanta Tripathy, Swatantra Kumar Tiwari, and Raghunath Sahoo. "Elliptic Flow of Hadrons via Quark Coalescence Mechanism Using the Boltzmann Transport Equation for Pb+Pb Collision at sNN=2.76 TeV." Advances in High Energy Physics 2020 (March 23, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4728649.

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Elliptic flow of hadrons observed at relativistic heavy ion collision experiments at relativistic heavy ion collider (RHIC) and large hadron collider (LHC) provides us an important signature of possible deconfinement transition from the hadronic phase to partonic phase. However, hadronization processes of deconfined partons back into final hadrons are found to play a vital role in the observed hadronic flow. In the present work, we use a coalescence mechanism also known as recombination (ReCo) to combine quarks into hadrons. To get there, we have used the Boltzmann transport equation in relaxa

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13

ATAZADEH, K., A. M. GHEZELBASH, and H. R. SEPANGI. "QCD PHASE TRANSITION IN DGP BRANE COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 21, no. 08 (2012): 1250069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271812500691.

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In the standard picture of cosmology it is predicted that a phase transition, associated with chiral symmetry breaking after the electroweak transition, has occurred at approximately 10μ seconds after the Big Bang to convert a plasma of free quarks and gluons into hadrons. We consider the quark-hadron phase transition in a Dvali, Gabadadze and Porrati (DGP) brane world scenario within an effective model of QCD. We study the evolution of the physical quantities useful for the study of the early universe, namely, the energy density, temperature and the scale factor before, during and after the p

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14

Duorah, H. L., and R. K. Das. "CP violating vacuum transition and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 201 (2005): 451–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900216628.

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An analysis of primordial nucleosynthesis is made in the perspective of transition in the early universe from quark gluon to a hadronic phase in a CP violating vacuum. The universe opaque to color, quarks and anti quarks binds into globally colorless hadrons. u, d and s quarks are considered in a sea of degenerate neutrinos for the case of μve = μvμ = μvτ. The nn/np ratio is calculated for a transition temperature ˜ 100 − 200MeV for various values of neutrino degeneracy ξve = μve/T, μve being the chemical potential of electron type neutrino. The limiting value of ξve is found to be 2.38, if th

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15

Sinha, Bikash. "The microsecond old universe — Relics of QCD phase transition." International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, no. 23 (2014): 1430024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x14300245.

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It is entirely plausible under reasonable conditions, that a first-order QCD phase transition occurred from quarks to hadrons when the universe was about a microsecond old. Relics, if there be any, after the quark–hadron phase transition are the most deciding signatures of the phase transition. It is shown in this paper that quark nuggets, the possible relics of first-order QCD phase transitions with baryon number larger than 1043 will survive the entire history of the universe up to now and can be considered as a candidate for the cold dark matter. The spin down core of the neutron star on th

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16

PANDA, A. R., and R. K. SAHOO. "RADIATIVE DECAYS OF BARYONS IN A FIELD THEORETIC QUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 32 (1996): 5685–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96002613.

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Radiative decays of baryons are considered in a field theoretic quark model of composite hadrons where the translationally invariant SU (6) hadron states are described by constituent quark field operators and harmonic oscillator wave functions. The constituent quark field operators of the model satisfying the equal time algebra are also Lorentz-boosted through a spin rotation to describe hadrons in motion. The model, like its earlier success in describing the different hadronic phenomena, in the present investigation without any free parameters, obtains the radiative decay widths and helicity

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17

DAS, R. K., A. R. PANDA, and R. K. SAHOO. "RADIATIVE DECAY OF HEAVY MESONS IN A RELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 11 (1999): 1759–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x99000890.

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Radiative decays of heavy vector mesons are considered in the lowest order in a field-theoretic quark model of composite hadrons. The translationally invariant hadron states required in such a calculation are described by constituent quark field operators satisfying equal time algebra and harmonic oscillator wave functions. The constituent quark field operators are Lorentz-boosted through a spin rotation to describe hadrons in motion. The model, like its earlier success in describing different hadronic phenomena, in the present investigation without any free parameters also obtains the radiati

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18

Radhakrishnan, Sooraj. "Measurements of charm hadron production and anisotropic flow in Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV with the STAR experiment at RHIC." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 18006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817118006.

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Heavy flavor quarks, owing to their large masses, are predominantly produced through initial hard parton scatterings in heavy-ion collisions, and thus are excellent probes to study properties of the strongly coupled Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP) medium produced in these collisions. Measurements of anisotropic flow harmonics of heavy flavor hadrons can provide information on the properties of the medium, including the heavy flavor transport coefficient. Charm quark hadronization mechanism in the sQGP medium can be studied through measurements of yields of different charm hadrons. In these proceedin

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19

Contrera, Gustavo A., Milva Orsaria, I. F. Ranea-Sandoval, and Fridolin Weber. "Hybrid Stars in the Framework of NJL Models." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 45 (January 2017): 1760026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194517600266.

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We compute models for the equation of state (EoS) of the matter in the cores of hybrid stars. Hadronic matter is treated in the non-linear relativistic mean-field approximation, and quark matter is modeled by three-flavor local and non-local Nambu−Jona-Lasinio (NJL) models with repulsive vector interactions. The transition from hadronic to quark matter is constructed by considering either a soft phase transition (Gibbs construction) or a sharp phase transition (Maxwell construction). We find that high-mass neutron stars with masses up to [Formula: see text] may contain a mixed phase with hadro

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20

Oka, Makoto. "Spectroscopy of heavy quark hadrons." International Journal of Modern Physics E 23, no. 07 (2014): 1461007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301314610072.

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Heavy quarks play special roles in the hadron spectroscopy. Some distinct features of heavy quark dynamics and their significance in the P-wave baryons with a single heavy quark are discussed. We also explore a new color configuration in exotic tetra-quark mesons with two heavy quarks. Finally, possibility of bound states of a charmed baryon with a nucleon and nuclei are examined.

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21

Klähn, Thomas, and David B. Blaschke. "Strange matter in compact stars." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 08001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817108001.

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We discuss possible scenarios for the existence of strange matter in compact stars. The appearance of hyperons leads to a hyperon puzzle in ab-initio approaches based on effective baryon-baryon potentials but is not a severe problem in relativistic mean field models. In general, the puzzle can be resolved in a natural way if hadronic matter gets stiffened at supersaturation densities, an effect based on the quark Pauli quenching between hadrons. We explain the conflict between the necessity to implement dynamical chiral symmetry breaking into a model description and the conditions for the appe

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22

Aarts, Gert, Chris Allton, Davide de Boni, et al. "Baryons in the plasma: In-medium effects and parity doubling." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 14005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817114005.

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We investigate the fate of baryons made out of u, d and s quarks in the hadronic gas and the quark-gluon plasma, using nonperturbative lattice simulations, employing the FASTSUManisotropic Nf = 2+1 ensembles. In the confined phase a strong temperature dependence is seen in the masses of the negative-parity groundstates, while the positiveparity groundstate masses are approximately temperature independent, within the error. At high temperature parity doubling emerges. A noticeable effect of the heavier s quark is seen. We give a simple description of the medium-dependent masses for the negative

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23

MITRA, A. N. "STRONG SU(2) BREAKING AND MASS SPLITTINGS IN PSEUDOSCALAR MESONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 11, no. 29 (1996): 5245–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x96002406.

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The mass splittings within the SU(2) multiplets of pseudoscalar mesons (π, K, D, B) are used as a laboratory to determine the mass difference between d and u quarks (current), through the simplest (two-point) quark-loop diagrams for the self-energies of the corresponding hadrons, together with the associated quark-condensate diagrams within the loops. The second-order e.m. correction is also calculated with a photon line joining the two opposite quark lines in the self-energy loop. The basic ingredient is a hadron–quark-vertex function generated from a vector-exchange-like (chirally invariant)

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24

Brodsky, Stanley J., Guy F. de Téramond, Hans Günter Dosch, and Cédric Lorcé. "Meson/baryon/tetraquark supersymmetry from superconformal algebra and light-front holography." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 19 (2016): 1630029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16300295.

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Superconformal algebra leads to remarkable connections between the masses of mesons and baryons of the same parity — supersymmetric relations between the bosonic and fermionic bound states of QCD. Supercharges connect the mesonic eigenstates to their baryonic superpartners, where the mesons have internal angular momentum one unit higher than the baryons: [Formula: see text] The dynamics of the superpartner hadrons also match; for example, the power-law fall-off of the form factors are the same for the mesonic and baryonic superpartners, in agreement with twist counting rules. An effective supe

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25

Battistel, O. A., and G. Krein. "Quark Clustering and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Nuclear Matter." Modern Physics Letters A 18, no. 32 (2003): 2255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732303012040.

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Chiral symmetry breaking at finite baryon density is usually discussed in the context of quark matter, i.e. a system of deconfined quarks. Many systems like stable nuclei and neutron stars however have quarks confined within nucleons. In this paper we construct a Fermi sea of three-quark nucleon clusters and investigate the change of the quark condensate as a function of baryon density. We study the effect of quark clustering on the in-medium quark condensate and compare results with the traditional approach of modeling hadronic matter in terms of a Fermi sea of deconfined quarks.

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26

Tan, Z. G., and C. B. Yang. "Hadron formation from interaction among quarks." International Journal of Modern Physics E 24, no. 06 (2015): 1550044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301315500445.

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This paper deals with the hadronization process of quark system. A phenomenological potential is introduced to describe the interaction between a quark pair. The potential depends on the color charge of those quarks and their relative distances. Those quarks move according to classical equations of motion. Due to the color interaction, coloring quarks are separated to form color neutral clusters which are supposed to be the hadrons.

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27

Cierniak, Mateusz, Tobias Fischer, Niels-Uwe Bastian, Thomas Klähn, and Marc Salinas. "Impact of the Nuclear Equation of State on the Stability of Hybrid Neutron Stars." Universe 5, no. 8 (2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5080186.

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We construct a set of equations of state (EoS) of dense and hot matter with a 1st order phase transition from a hadronic system to a deconfined quark matter state. In this two-phase approach, hadrons are described using the relativistic mean field theory with different parametrisations and the deconfined quark phase is modeled using vBag, a bag–type model extended to include vector interactions as well as a simultaneous onset of chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement. This feature results in a non–trivial connection between the hadron and quark EoS, modifying the quark phase beyond its

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28

Francisco, Audrey. "Quarkonium production in Pb-Pb collisions at √SNN = 5.02 TeV with ALICE." EPJ Web of Conferences 171 (2018): 18013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817118013.

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Ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of matter at extreme energy densities where a phase transition from the hadronic matter to a deconfined medium of quarks and gluons, the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) is predicted. Among the prominent probes of the QGP, heavy quarks play a crucial role since they are created during the initial stages of the collision, before the QGP formation, and their number is conserved throughout the partonic and hadronic phases of the collision. The azimuthal anisotropy of charmonium produc

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29

Alaverdyan, Grigor. "Hadron–Quark Phase Transition in the SU (3) Local Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) Model with Vector Interaction." Symmetry 13, no. 1 (2021): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13010124.

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We study the hadron–quark hybrid equation of state (EOS) of compact-star matter. The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) local SU (3) model with vector-type interaction is used to describe the quark matter phase, while the relativistic mean field (RMF) theory with the scalar-isovector δ-meson effective field is adopted to describe the hadronic matter phase. It is shown that the larger the vector coupling constant GV, the lower the threshold density for the appearance of strange quarks. For a sufficiently small value of the vector coupling constant, the functions of the mass dependence on the baryonic che

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30

XU, XIAOMING, and RU PENG. "MATTER BELOW THE CRITICAL TEMPERATURE." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 08n09 (2010): 1856–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310016302.

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Form of matter created in high-energy heavy ion collisions is pertinent to color deconfinement. We calculate time dependences of number densities of pions, rhos, kaons, vector kaons, free quarks and antiquarks. Due to medium screening which leads to constant confinement at large distances, meson-meson reactions [Formula: see text] in hadronic matter below the critical temperature Tc produce an appreciable amount of quarks and antiquarks freely moving in hadronic matter and establish a new mechanism for deconfinement of quarks and antiquarks in hadronic matter. We therefore arrive at a new form

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BATRA, M., та A. UPADHYAY. "DETAILED BALANCE AND SPIN CONTENT OF Λ USING STATISTICAL MODEL". International Journal of Modern Physics A 28, № 15 (2013): 1350062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x13500620.

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The spin structure of lambda has its special importance in analyzing the spin content of other hadrons. Assuming hadrons as a cluster of quarks and gluons (generally referred as valence and sea), statistical approach has been applied to study spin distribution of lambda among quarks. We apply the principle of detailed balance to calculate the probability of various quark–gluon Fock states and check the impact of SU(3) breaking on these probabilities particularly in sea for the Fock states containing strange quark. The flavor probability when multiplied by spin and color multiplicities of these

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BEDNYAKOV, V. A. "ON LEADING CHARMED MESON PRODUCTION IN π–NUCLEON INTERACTIONS". Modern Physics Letters A 10, № 01 (1995): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000077.

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It is shown that the D-meson, whose light quark is the initial-pion valence quark and whose charmed quark is produced in annihilation of valence quarks and has got a large enough momentum, is really a leading meson in reactions like π−p → DX. If such annihilation of valence quarks from initial hadrons is impossible there must be no distinct leading effect.

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HEINZ, U., K. S. LEE, and M. J. RHOADES-BROWN. "$s-\bar{s}$ SEPARATION DURING HADRONIZATION OF A QUARK-GLUON PLASMA." Modern Physics Letters A 02, no. 03 (1987): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387000197.

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We present the equilibrium phase diagram for hadronic and quark matter containing strange particles and show quantitatively that at finite baryon density hadronization of quark-gluon plasma proceeds through a mixed phase in which [Formula: see text]-quarks hadronize first (as K+ and K0 mesons) and s-quarks get enriched in the plasma subphase.

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DOROKHOV, ALEXANDER E. "VECTOR AND AXIAL-VECTOR CORRELATORS IN AN INSTANTON-LIKE QUARK MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 02n03 (2005): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05021993.

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The behavior of the vector Adler function at spacelike momenta is studied in the framework of a covariant chiral quark model with instanton-like quark-quark interaction. This function describes the transition between the high energy asymptotically free region of almost massless current quarks to the low energy hadronized regime with massive constituent quarks. The model reproduces the Adler function and V-A correlator extracted from the ALEPH and OPAL data on hadronic τ lepton decays, transformed into the Euclidean domain via dispersion relations. The leading order contribution from hadronic p

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TERAZAWA, HIDEZUMI. "TRIPLICITY OF HADRONS, QUARKS AND SUBQUARKS." Modern Physics Letters A 05, no. 13 (1990): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732390001153.

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Triplicity of hadrons, quarks and subquarks asserting that a certain physical quantity such as the weak current can be taken equally well as a composite operator of hadrons, or of quarks, or of subquarks is proposed. Among others, the weak mixing angle, the quark mixing matrix and the mass sum rules for quarks and leptons are revisited, reinterpreted and discussed in detail in triplicity.

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36

LAI, XIAOYU, and RENXIN XU. "QUARK-CLUSTER STARS: THE STRUCTURE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 23 (January 2013): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513011331.

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The nature of pulsar-like compact stars is still in controversy although the first pulsar was found more than 40 years ago. Generally speaking, conventional neutron stars and non-mainstream quark stars are two types of models to describe the inner structure of pulsars, with the former composed mainly of hadrons and the latter of a peculiar kind of matter whose state equation should be understood in the level of quarks rather than hadrons. To construct a more realistic model from both theoretical and observational points of view, we conjecture that pulsars could be "quark-cluster stars" which a

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37

Goldstein, Gary R., and Simonetta Liuti. "Angular Momentum and Polarization in Hadron Collisions up to LHC Energies." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 37 (January 2015): 1560038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194515600381.

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Longstanding puzzles in spin physics can be confronted at the high energies of the LHC. Heavy quarks will be produced with significant polarization, both as single spin asymmetries and through polarization correlations. Lower energy proton accelerator and leptoproduction data suggest various mechanisms within QCD for polarization phenomena that can be tested at higher energies. Observation of strange and charm hadron polarization reveals important aspects of QCD spin physics. Top quark polarization is predicted to be significant, and polarization correlations will reveal important aspects of t

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Musakhanov, Mirzayusuf. "Gluons, Heavy and Light Quarks in the QCD Vacuum." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202092.

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We are discussing the properties of the QCD vacuum which might be important especially for the understanding of hadrons with small quark core size ~ 0:3 fm: We assume that at these distances the QCD vacuum can be described by the Instanton Liquid Model (ILM). At larger distances, where confinement is important, ILM should be extended to Dyons Liquid Model (DLM). The ILM has only two free parameters, average instanton size ρ ≈ 0:3 fm and average inter-instanton distance R ≈ 1 fm, and can successfully describe the key features of light hadron physics. One of the important conceptual results was

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Vanek, Jan. "Production of Open-Charm Hadrons in AuAu Collisions at sNN=200GeV Mesured by the STAR Experiment +†." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010010.

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Charm quarks are primarily produced at the early stages of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and can therefore probe the quark-gluon plasma throughout its whole evolution. Final-state open-charm hadrons are commonly used to experimentally study the charm quark interaction with the medium. Thanks to the excellent secondary vertex resolution provided by the Heavy Flavor Tracker, STAR is able to directly reconstruct D ± , D 0 , D s , and Λ c ± via their hadronic decay channels. The topological cuts for signal extraction are optimized using supervised machine learning techniques. In these pr

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Kenway, Richard. "Lattice QCD Results and Prospects." International Journal of Modern Physics A 18, supp01 (2003): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x03016549.

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In the Standard Model, quarks and gluons are permanently confined by the strong interaction into hadronic bound states. The values of the quark masses and the strengths of the decays of one quark flavour into another cannot be measured directly, but must be deduced from experiments on hadrons. This requires calculations of the strong-interaction effects within the bound states, which are only possible using numerical simulations of lattice QCD. These are computationally intensive and, for the past twenty years, have exploited leading-edge computing technology. In conjunction with experimental

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SCHWEITZER, P., M. STRIKMAN, and C. WEISS. "SEA QUARK TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS AND DYNAMICAL CHIRAL SYMMETRY BREAKING." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 25 (January 2014): 1460010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194514600106.

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Recent theoretical studies have provided new insight into the intrinsic transverse momentum distributions of valence and sea quarks in the nucleon at a low scale. The valence quark transverse momentum distributions ([Formula: see text]) are governed by the nucleon's inverse hadronic size R-1 ~ 0.2 GeV and drop steeply at large pT. The sea quark distributions ([Formula: see text]) are in large part generated by non–perturbative chiral–symmetry breaking interactions and extend up to the scale ρ-1 ~ 0.6 GeV. These findings have many implications for modeling the initial conditions of perturbative

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Blaschke, David, Kirill A. Devyatyarov, and Olaf Kaczmarek. "Quark Cluster Expansion Model for Interpreting Finite-T Lattice QCD Thermodynamics." Symmetry 13, no. 3 (2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13030514.

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In this work, we present a unified approach to the thermodynamics of hadron–quark–gluon matter at finite temperatures on the basis of a quark cluster expansion in the form of a generalized Beth–Uhlenbeck approach with a generic ansatz for the hadronic phase shifts that fulfills the Levinson theorem. The change in the composition of the system from a hadron resonance gas to a quark–gluon plasma takes place in the narrow temperature interval of 150–190 MeV, where the Mott dissociation of hadrons is triggered by the dropping quark mass as a result of the restoration of chiral symmetry. The deconf

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on behalf of ALICE collaboration, Preeti Dhankher. "Multiplicity Dependence of Heavy-Flavour Hadron Decay Electron Production in Collisions at √sNN = 8.16 Measured with ALICE at the LHC." Proceedings 10, no. 1 (2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019010028.

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A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) at the Large Hadron collider (LHC) is a heavy-ion dedicated experiment designed to study nuclear matter at extreme condition of high temperature and high density at which quarks are deconfined and give rise to a new state of matter known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP). Heavy flavours (charm and beauty), are produced in the initial stages of hadronic collisions in hard scattering processes and therefore are effective probes to study the QGP. In this contribution, recent measurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays, their nucle

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HARRIS, JOHN W. "EVIDENCE FOR A QUARK-GLUON PLASMA AT RHIC." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 03 (2007): 643–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307006186.

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This presentation is given in honor of Walter Greiner's 70th birthday, in recognition of the pioneering work of his "Frankfurt School" and their contributions to the field of heavy ion physics. Ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy nuclei at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) form an extremely hot system at energy densities greater than 5 GeV/fm3, where normal hadrons cannot exist. Upon rapid cooling of the system to a temperature T ~ 175 MeV and vanishingly small baryo-chemical potential, hadrons coalesce from quarks at the quark-hadron phase boundary predicted by lattice QCD. A larg

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Tuan Anh, Nguyen. "Thermodynamic Hadron-Quark Phase Transition of Chiral Nuclear Matter to Quark-Gluon Plasma." Communications in Physics 27, no. 1 (2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/27/1/9221.

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After receiving very interesting results from investigations of chiral nuclear matter based on the extended Nambu-Jona--Lasinio model (ENJL) included the scalar-vector eight-point interaction, a fundamental question of nuclear physics is what happens to chiral nuclear matter as it is compressed or heated. At very high density and temperature, quarks and gluons come into play and a transition is expected to happen from a phase of nuclear matter consisting of confined hadrons and mesons to a state of `liberated' quarks and gluons. In this paper, we investigate the hadron-quark (HQ) phase transit

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Chibisov, B., R. D. Dikeman, M. Shifman, and N. G. Uraltsev. "Operator Product Expansion, Heavy Quarks, QCD Duality and Its Violations." International Journal of Modern Physics A 12, no. 11 (1997): 2075–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x97001316.

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The quark(gluon)–hadron duality constitutes a basis for the theoretical treatment of a wide range of inclusive processes — from hadronic τ decays and Re+e- to semileptonic and nonleptonic decay rates of heavy flavor hadrons. A theoretical analysis of these processes is carried out by using the operator product expansion in the Euclidean domain, with subsequent analytic continuation to the Minkowski domain. We formulate the notion of the quark(gluon)–hadron duality in quantitative terms, then classify various contributions leading to violations of duality. A prominent role in the violations of

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Kokoulina, Elena, Andrey Kutov, Vladimir Nikitin, Vasilii Riadovikov, and Alexander Vorobiev. "A look at hadronization via high multiplicity." EPJ Web of Conferences 204 (2019): 06009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920406009.

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Multiparticle production is studied experimentally and theoretically in QCD that describes interactions in the language of quarks and gluons. In the experiment the real hadrons are registered. Various phenomenological models are used for transfer from quarks and gluons to observed hadrons. In order to describe the high multiplicity region, we have developed a gluon dominance model (GDM). It represents a convolution of two stages. The first stage is described as a part of QCD. For the second one (hadronization), the phenomenological model is used. To describe hadronization, a scheme has been pr

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WEN, X. S., and C. B. YANG. "STRANGENESS PRODUCTION IN RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS IN THE QUARK RECOMBINATION MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics E 22, no. 08 (2013): 1350056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301313500560.

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In this paper, yields of strange hadrons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are investigated in the framework of the recombination model. Yield ratios of strange to nonstrange hadrons are studied. Strangeness enhancement is shown stronger for higher initial quark densities and for hadrons with more strange quarks.

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BEDNYAKOV, V. A., A. A. GRINYUK, G. I. LYKASOV, and M. POGHOSYAN. "ROLE OF GLUONS IN SOFT AND SEMI-HARD MULTIPLE HADRON PRODUCTION IN pp COLLISIONS AT LHC." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 08 (2012): 1250042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x1250042x.

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Hadron inclusive spectra in pp collisions are analyzed within the modified quark–gluon string model including both the longitudinal and transverse motion of quarks in the proton in the wide region of initial energies. The self-consistent analysis shows that the experimental data on the inclusive spectra of light hadrons like pions and kaons at ISR energies can be satisfactorily described at transverse momenta not larger than 1–2 GeV /c. We discuss some difficulties to apply this model at energies above the ISR and suggest to include the distribution of gluons in the proton unintegrated over th

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WANG, FUQIANG. "FORWARD- AND MID-RAPIDITY JET-LIKE CORRELATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 10 (2007): 3168–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307009166.

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Mid-rapidity azimuthal correlations probe di-jets originating mainly from gluon-gluon hard-scattering. Measurements of such correlations have revealed significant (gluon-)jet modification in central Au + Au collisions. Azimuthal correlations of hadrons at forward rapidity with a mid-rapidity high-p⊥ hadron, on the other hand, probe asymmetric partonic scatterings involving large- x quarks and small- x gluons. We present preliminary results from STAR on correlations of charged hadrons at forward rapidity in the forward TPCs (2.7 < |η| < 3.9, p⊥ < 2 GeV /c) with high-p⊥ charged hadrons

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