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Journal articles on the topic 'Quarries and quarrying'
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1
Wambua, Agnes, James Chege, and Amos Ngira. "BIO-PHYSICAL AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF QUARRYING ACTIVITIES IN SELECTED QUARRIES IN TEZO WARD-KILIFI COUNTY." International Journal of Environmental Sciences 4, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47604/ijes.1341.
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Purpose: Using a Systems’ Approach, this study explores what aspects are essential for stone quarries to adopt a functional environmental management plan and whether compliance with environmental laws enhances business performance. The specific objectives of the study were: To evaluate the bio-physical effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward and to evaluate the socio-economic effects of quarrying activities in selected quarries in Tezo ward.
Methodology: The study adopted descriptive survey design; the research data collection instrument was questionnaires. The study adopted purposive sampling; a survey of 134 respondents representing 80 quarry workers, 40 quarry owners, 10 EIA Experts, 3 NEMA staff and 1 County geologist were sampled purposively. Weighted and the Consolidated Scores were entered on Microsoft Excel for cleaning and later transferred to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 23.0) for statistical analyses. Data was presented inform of graphs, pie-charts, tables and narration in the thematic areas.
Findings: The study found out that there were health and ecological problems associated with quarrying. The application of heavy quarrying machines resulted to soil erosion, destruction of flora and threatens biodiversity aesthetic. The study revealed that quarrying was a source for livelihood among the community and more men (90%) were involved in quarrying due to masculinity nature of the task. EMPs were found to be significant in management of quarries. The development of EMPs and EIA was influenced by different actors and informal sector was a significant influencer of EMPs implementation. The study concluded that EMPs were effective in management of quarries despite varied challenges facing the NEMA official and the EIA experts.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends the need for transparency in the EIA as well as in the development of EMPs, to avoid discrimination and non-adherence. Further research is needed to understand the perception of community members on the effectiveness of EMPs in sustainable management of quarries and environment in general.
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Tziligkaki, Eleni. "Quarrying the coasts of Crete in antiquity; some geoarchaeological considerations." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 53, no. 1 (December 11, 2018): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.18999.
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The paper discusses three aspects of coastal quarrying in the island of Crete, Aegean Sea, Greece; issues of chronology in regard to the Mean Sea Level in antiquity, issues of ancient technology, and issues of local marble extraction. A series of violent seismic events, the most known being the so-called Early Byzantine Tectonic Paroxysm, affected the morphology of the coastline of Crete, the coastal quarries of which are today either uplifted or sunken. Quarries of aeolianite/sandstone, limestone, marble, and beach rock are related to adjacent rock-cut fish tanks and ship sheds. Traces of the ancient exploitation such as the circular holes observed in the coastal quarries are differentiated according to their dimensions and their natural or manmade form. A preliminary report of a new site, a white marble quarry at Istron (Gulf of Merambello, eastern Crete), is added to the white marble quarries of the area and correlated with the graffiti inscribed on the islet of Prasonēsi or Vryonēsi.
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Tran, Bao Dinh, Trong Dinh Vu, Viet Van Pham, Tuan Anh Nguyen, An Dinh Nguyen, and Giang Huong Thi Le. "Developing a mathematical model to optimize long - term quarrying planing for limestone quarries producing cement in Vietnam." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 10, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktlt2020.05.
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Mathematical model researches in optimizing long - term quarrying planning for limestone quarries supplying to the cememt factories have not been popular in Vietnam. The paper shows a mathematical model based on Mixed Integer Linear Programming as well as effective method to cope with long - term quarrying planning for the quarries. Techniques grouping block cells into a mining room and decision variable elimination techniques was employed to reduce the size of the problem. This enable to form an optimal method with proper time. The model and the algorithm are an effective tool to conduct a long - term planning for the quarries, enabling to supply the quatity and quality enough of raw materials to the factory. The model was demonstrated and practically evaluated when being applied and compared with one of the popularly commercial sofwares in mine schedule, GEOVIA Mines.
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Shaw, Ian. "Pharaonic quarrying and mining: settlement and procurement in Egypt's marginal regions." Antiquity 68, no. 258 (March 1994): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0004624x.
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Across the rocky landscapes of Egypt lies evidence for pharaonic quarrying and mining; fresh fieldwork at neglected sites, such as the Hatnub travertine quarries and the Wadi el-Hudi amethyst mines, now tells us more. The surviving remains of quarrying and mining settlements suggest subtle adaptations in versatile response to changing economic and geographical parameters.
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Ozcelik, Mehmet. "Environmental effects of marble quarry operations in Burdur Lake Basin (Burdur-Turkey)." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10, no. 3 (April 1, 2023): 4517. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.103.4517.
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Marble is the most important natural material because of its structural features and its long durability. It is mined at operated quarries on hill slopes. The original landform is permanently altered, and vegetation cover is destroyed. Another important feature of marble quarries is the large amount of waste materials released during the quarrying process. In the last decades, together with the visible effects of global warming and climate change, fresh water resources are rapidly depleted and polluted due to careless land use. Quarrying operations are among the most important stakeholders of this process. Environmental effects of quarry activities depend on the location of the site in the landscape, the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the excavation, the methods used to excavate the marble, and the formation of the geological structure. Furthermore, the region's seismicity, microclimate conditions, ecological condition, and surface and groundwater conditions are all factors influencing environmental degradation. Additionally, numerous serious environmental impacts associated with quarrying activities near the site, such as visual pollution, water, dust, noise, air pollution, vibration, land subsidence, and landslides, will cause health issues and unpredictable biodiversity loss. Quarrying operations have the potential to impact pre-existing ecosystems, including groundwater depletion, loss of fertile topsoil, forest degradation, and human health. This article aims to draw attention to various serious environmental impacts, health problems and biodiversity loss resulting from quarrying operations in Burdur Lake Basin.
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Moeletsi, R. S., and S. G. Tesfamichael. "ASSESSING LAND COVER CHANGES CAUSED BY GRANITE QUARRYING USING REMOTE SENSING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (November 16, 2017): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-119-2017.
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Dimension stone quarrying in the area between Rustenburg and Brits in the North West Province of South Africa has been in existence for over 70 decades. The unique characteristics of the granite deposits in South Africa resulted in making the country a global producer of the granite rocks. This led to intensified quarrying activities between Rustenburg and Brits town. However, this surface mining method, has a potential to impact the environment in a negative way causing loss in vegetation, depletion of natural resources, loss of scenic beauty and contamination of surface water resources. To assess the land cover changes caused by granite quarrying activities, remotely sensed data in the form of Landsat images between 1998 and 2015 were used. Supervised classification was used to create maps. Accuracy assessment using Google Earth<sup>TM</sup> as a reference data yielded an overall accuracy of 78&thinsp;%. The post classification change detection method was used to assess land cover changes within the granite quarries. Granite quarries increased by 1174.86 ha while formation of quarry lakes increased to 5.3 ha over the 17-year period. Vegetation cover decreased by 1308 ha in area while 18.3 ha bare land was lost during the same period. This study demonstrated the utility of remote sensing to detect changes in land cover within granite quarries.
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Beranová, Lucie, Martin Balej, and Pavel Raška. "Assessing the geotourism potential of abandoned quarries with multitemporal data (České Středohoří Mts., Czechia)." GeoScape 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geosc-2017-0008.
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AbstractQuarrying represents a major human impact on the landscape. The positive effects of quarrying have also been appreciated over the last several decades and concern the role of quarries as sites with the potential for geoscientific education and geotourism. In this paper we present a procedure for establishing a multitemporal database of abandoned quarries and their multicriterial assessment in order to determine sites suitable for geotourism purposes. The case of the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area in Northern Czechia is used, as an example of conflicting interest between nature conservation and intense quarrying. Using the combination of old maps and current orthophotomaps, we identified 80 (mid-19th Century), 57 (mid-20th Century) and 38 (2007) quarries. 104 of them were further evaluated according to criteria of scientific and educational value and ‘potential use’ value (visibility, accessibility and extent). This process enabled to determine sites with the highest suitability for geotourism purposes. Finally, we discuss management context for these sites, and possible threats to the sites caused by increased geotourism.
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Albayrak, Tamer, and Tamer Yılmaz. "The Taurus Mountains, the Hotspot of Western Palearctic Biodiversity, Is in Danger: Marble Quarries Affect Wildlife." Diversity 16, no. 5 (April 30, 2024): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16050267.
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The Taurus Mountains in the Mediterranean Coastal Basin, considered a biodiversity hotspot, have a rich biodiversity in the Western Palearctic. The number of marble quarries in the Taurus Mountains has dramatically expanded over the past ten years. The objectives of this study are to (i) determine the impacts of quarrying on wildlife and (ii) determine the potential impacts of quarrying on the future of Taurus. A total of 57,547 photos and video images were analyzed on 5447 photo-trap days in two areas, the marble quarries and the control areas. Using 97 randomly selected marble quarries, the area they cover and their annual growth rates were determined. The most commonly seen animals were the wolf (Canis lupus), fox (Vulpes vulpes), lynx (Lynx lynx), and wild boar (Sus scrofa) in the control area, and the jackal (Canis aureus) and hare (Lepus europaeus) in the marble quarries (p < 0.001). Additionally, we found a significant positive correlation between the distance from the geographical center of the marble quarries and the number of dates of wolf, fox and wild boar sightings, with a significant negative correlation for hares (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between the area of marble quarries and the duration of operation (R = 0.89, p < 0.00). The waste from quarries, which makes up 79.7% of the total land used for this purpose, is the greatest cause of habitat degradation. According to calculations, even if no new marble quarries are built as of right now, 7.14% of the Taurus Mountains may have disappeared by the year 2027, and by the year 2032, 8.25% of the Taurus ecosystems may have disappeared completely. The Taurus Mountains, a center of Western Palearctic biodiversity, are being threatened by marble quarries. This study advances our knowledge of how marble quarries may affect wildlife. New strategies must be developed as soon as possible to protect the Taurus Mountains, the hotspot of the Mediterranean basin.
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Al-Anweh, Ahmed M., Mohammed Ibrahim El-Anbaawy, Mohamed Mahmmoud Abu-Zeid, and Ibrahim Al-Akhaly. "Geological Complications and Environmental Hazards of the Cement Raw Materials Quarry Sites in Yemen." Sultan Qaboos University Journal for Science [SQUJS] 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53539/squjs.vol28iss1pp53-76.
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Extensive field and site investigations were conducted to assess and evaluate the situation in the presently exploited quarries of cement raw materials in Yemen. These quarries have several geological complications represented mainly by high elevations, steep slopes, rugged topography, heterogeneity in bed thickness, lithologic composition and quality, presence of igneous sills and dykes, intensive fracturing and jointing and abundance of karstification features. Moreover, the processes of quarrying and related operations have several negative environmental impacts the most important of which are soil failure, overburden and land sliding, toppling and rock falls (which result in considerable mass wasting) and emission of dust and noise. Generally, quarrying operations are more hazardous in quarries of gypsum and basement rocks than in those of carbonates and volcanics. Furthermore, the quarries have problems related to the conservation of natural resources. These are represented primarily by the excavation of the valuable agricultural and reclaimed lands and improper exploitation of the cement raw materials and the fresh and underground waters the reserves of which decreased drastically. To deal with the above-mentioned problems, a number of recommendations are outlined. They comprise mitigation measures which must be strictly implemented. Also, it is of almost importance to conduct prospecting for new occurrences of the presently exploited cement raw materials and their possible substitutes as well as additional groundwater resources.
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Paoletti, Matteo, Vincenzo Piscopo, Chiara Sbarbati, and Antonino Scarelli. "Categorization of the Potential Impact of Italian Quarries on Water Resources through a Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding-Based Model." Sustainability 16, no. 7 (March 28, 2024): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16072804.
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Quarrying has great importance for economic development and, at the same time, can have several adverse environmental impacts; specifically, it may have a significant influence on water resources. There are approximately 4000 quarries in Italy, and knowledge of their potential impact on water resources is limited. To this end, a procedure for categorizing Italian quarries was devised by combining the methods of Geographic Information Systems and Multi-Criteria Decision Aiding, selecting the potentially impactful criteria, and parametrizing the latter through the available databases. Using the ELECTRE models (ELECTRE TRI and ELECTRE III), the impact category of each quarry was assessed separately for surface water and groundwater and then the overall impact on water resources was assessed. The simulations were carried out by varying the weights of the various selected criteria, which allowed the grouping of Italian quarries into five categories with increasing potential impact on water resources. The ranking of quarries falling into the two highest-impact categories was further refined using ascending and descending distillations. The categorization can be interpreted as a first national assessment of the sustainability of quarrying activities with reference to water resources. The methodological approach of the study proved to be appropriate for the quarry-sorting and -ranking processes, lending itself to the introduction of other criteria and weights, including those arising from the participation of different stakeholders.
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McMahon, David. "The Turin Papyrus Map The Oldest Known Map with Geological Significance." Earth Sciences History 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.11.1.484472n43765605k.
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The Turin papyrus map is over 3000 years old. More than 100 years of study mainly by egyptologists and by some geologists demonstrate that it shows workings in a known ancient mining and quarrying district of Upper Egypt (the Wadi Hammamat). It seems to have been made in connection with the transportation (and damage?) of a statue from the quarries. The map is significant because of its antiquity and because it shows substantial geological information which underlies the mining and quarrying knowledge which it contains.
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Russell, Ben. "Stone quarrying in Greece: ten years of research." Archaeological Reports 63 (November 2017): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0570608418000078.
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It has been ten years since the publication of Lorenzo Lazzarini's monumental volume on the quarrying, use and properties of the coloured marbles of Greece: Poikiloi Lithoi, Versiculores Maculae: I Marmi Colorati della Grecia Antica (Lazzarini 2007). The first study since Angelina Dworakowska's Quarries in Ancient Greece (Dworakowska 1975) to attempt a large-scale examination of quarrying across Greece, Lazzarini's approach is fundamentally an archaeometric one. Analysis of the evidence for quarrying in different regions is set alongside minero-petrographic and geochemical analyses of the materials extracted. Lazzarini focuses on 12 lithotypes: marmor lacedaemonium from Laconia, variously referred to as serpentino and porfido verde antico; three stone types from the Mani peninsula: rosso antico tenario, nero antico tenario and cipollino tenario; from Chios, the famous marmor chium or portasanta, breccia di Aleppo and nero antico chiota; the breccia di settebasi and semesanto of Skyros; the intensively exploited marmor carystium or cipollino verde, as well as the marmor chalcidicum or fior di pesco from Euboea; and from central and northern Greece, marmor thessalicum or verde antico and the breccia policroma della Vittoria. For each of these lithotypes, Lazzarini considers the evidence for their use and distribution, illustrated with a distribution map in each case, and provides a thorough overview of what is known about their quarries. Archaeological and geological approaches are here combined, and this is a hallmark of much recent work on the question of quarrying and stone use through Greek history.
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Bloxam, Elizabeth. "‘A Place Full of Whispers’: Socializing the Quarry Landscape of the Wadi Hammamat." Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25, no. 4 (October 15, 2015): 789–814. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959774315000426.
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The wealth of inscriptions at the Wadi Hammamat greywacke quarries (Egyptian Eastern Desert) have made it a key place to pursue enquiries about the social organization of expeditions to procure resources. Analysis of this textual material alone has, however, given us only a partial view of the social milieu that maintained quarrying from the fourth millennium bc to the fifth century ad. This article presents a fresh perspective on Egyptian quarrying that aims to balance the more accepted (and persistent) perceptions of overriding state control of these activities with viewpoints gained from recent archaeological survey of the Wadi Hammamat quarries. Practically and theoretically, a holistic approach is taken that contextualizes the textual sources and other elements of the archaeological record within the quarry landscape as a series of material complexes. Cross-cultural and comparative approaches to interpreting the data have enabled both reappraisal and augmentation of the ways in which we understand the social interplay between local and regional kin-groups within notions of state control of these activities. The article argues for the essential roles played by kinship ties and linkages to place, through the continual inscribing of names, as parts of the underlying human narrative that maintained quarrying here for generations.
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Μερτζάνης, Α., Α. Σκοτίδα, Γ. Ευθυμίου, and Γ. Ζακυνθινός. "TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION (GEOLOGY - GEOMORPHY) AND THE LAND USES OF ABANDONED QUARRIES OF THE MOUNTAIN PENTELIKON (ATTICA - GREECE)." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16624.
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In the frame of this study, the places as well as the methods and techniques used of marble quarrying in the southwest side of mountain Penteliko, have been located and charted. We record the temporal evolution of the situation of the natural environment, with special reference to the geological - geomorphological structure as well as to the land uses in the area of the abandoned quarries in the mountain Penteliko, in combination with different periods of development of the quarrying works from the ancient times until today. We also mention the impacts on the environment during the operation of the quarries and after the ceasing of the works. These environmental impacts include: a. changes in the morphology of the relief, b. differentiation of the erosion conditions of the land c. interference of the hydrological conditions d. formation of dust, e. noise and vibrations, f. disturbance of the natural ecosystems and g. aesthetic decay of the landscape.
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Careddu, Nicola, Massimo Scanu, and Paolo Desogus. "Notes on the Poster “Map of Natural Stones from Sardinia (Italy)”." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.127.
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Sardinia (Italy) produces a vast array of natural stones for ornamental use. Besides the internationally known pink and gray granites and the famous limestone known as Orosei marble, a wide range of vulcanites (basalts and “trachytes”) and phyllites - including yellow and ghiandone granites - are also produced. Orosei marbles are some of the most requested types today, which are marketed especially to China. However, there are a number of Sardinian natural stones, which have been quarried and marketed for fifty years, although no image or footage has been published yet: a mention of this natural stones has been only made in some old list of Sardinian stones. For this reason, authors suggested the publication of a poster (70 cm x 100 cm) showing a collection of natural stones quarried for ornamental purposes in Sardinia over the last fifty years. The poster includes a user-friendly map that has been adapted for school use and as a public resource in libraries. There are no previous publications showing a similar wide range of Sardinian stones. The poster offers scientific information about lithology, quarrying sites, dimension stone producing areas, quarries of historical and/or archaeological interest, historical trend in quarries output, technical properties, stone surface workability and a glossary.
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Hoque, Mohammad Jahirul, and Hajera Aktar. "Environmental and Social Effects of Stone Quarrying in Bangladesh: A Study in the Khasi People Area in Sylhet." Space and Culture, India 10, no. 2 (September 29, 2022): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v10i2.1279.
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This study investigates how the unregulated and unscientific manner of stone quarrying in Bangladesh degrades the environment and affects the life and livelihoods of the local people. The recent countrywide construction boom and infrastructural development kept the GDP growth constant in Bangladesh. This construction boom generates colossal demand for stones, and the Sylhet region is its major supplier. Although there are laws and legal mechanisms to regulate stone quarrying in the country, the miners do not follow these. This study found that the local Khasi people of the stone quarrying area have been experiencing systematic and forcible dispossession due to merging their lands into stone quarrying sites. These people are the victims of different forms of pollution due to unregulated stone quarrying. And the area has been experiencing a social transformation because of the settling of the people of the mainstream Bengali community from the poverty porn areas of the country to sustain their life by managing their livelihoods by working in the stone quarries. The study also explores how the lack of monitoring and corruption of the state and non-state actors in the stone quarrying sectors degraded the environment and transformed society in the last decades.
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Maričić, Ana, Zlatko Briševac, Petar Hrženjak, and Helena Jezidžić. "NATURAL BUILDING STONE IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND RENOVATION OF THE ZAGREB CATHEDRAL." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, no. 3 (2023): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.3.3.
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Natural stone has been used since the dawn of civilization as a construction material for buildings that are historical and cultural buildings and monuments. The Zagreb Cathedral is an example of such a historical and cultural building and data regarding the extraction of stone for its construction and reconstruction is scientifically underestimated. Based on a review of previously published literature and an investigation on the current state of the sites where stone for construction was previously quarried, this paper presents a systematic overview of challenges regarding stone material that will be faced in the restoration of the Cathedral after the 2020 earthquakes. The autochthonous stone varieties used for the Cathedral, namely lithothamnium limestone, litavac, calcareous sandstone, and vinicite were determined. The description of the locations where they were quarried was emphasized, and the suitability of these sites for re-quarrying the stone blocks during reconstruction after the 2020 earthquake was investigated. In addition, the Cathedral was renovated in the meantime with travertine imported from Italy, which, although it is not of domestic origin, represents an integral part of the Cathedral and whose characteristics must be taken into account in the planning of the current reconstruction of the Cathedral. To preserve the cultural memory of quarrying in the Zagreb area, emphasis is given to the importance of preserving and showing old visual representations of the quarries.
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Hamon, Caroline, Gregory Pereira, Laurent Aubry, Oryaelle Chevrel, Claus Siebe, Osiris Quesada, and Nancy Reyes-Guzmán. "Quarrying volcanic landscapes: territory and strategies of metate production in Turícuaro (Michoacan)." Geofísica Internacional 63, no. 2 (March 26, 2024): 929–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.2954436xe.2024.63.2.1760.
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In the Michoacán region of central-western Mexico, the village of Turícuaro has for centuries been a center for metate production based on andesites exploited on the slopes of Hoya Urutzen and 'El Metate' volcanoes. Surveys have been conducted in this volcanic landscape, with the invaluable help of one of the last metateros (craftsmen) family of the village, the Vidalès, in order to reconstruct the strategies adopted through time to extract this andesite over a large territory. It has been possible to propose a first mapping as well as a relative dating of the various quarrying areas. Different types of exploitations have been described, from ancient quarries, associated with archaeological occupations, to current extraction sites. The morphology of the outcrops (walls, isolated blocks) partly conditioned the organization of the quarries (flat, organized on terraces, etc). It has also been possible to observe the different strategies and organization of work associated with this activity, through the observation of the abandoned blocks, waste and roughouts. Finally, this work offers a new perspective on Mesoamerican metate quarrying strategies.
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Saja, David B., and Joseph T. Hannibal. "Quarrying History and Use of the Buena Vista Freestone, South-Central Ohio: Understanding the 19th Century Industrial Development of a Geological Resource." Ohio Journal of Science 117, no. 2 (June 29, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojs.v117i2.5498.
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The Buena Vista Member of the Mississippian Cuyahoga Formation is an economically valuable freestone that is homogeneous with almost no sedimentary structures. The Buena Vista was one of the earliest clastic rocks quarried in Ohio. Early quarries dating at least back to 1814 were located in the hills on the north bank of the Ohio River near the village of Buena Vista, south-central Ohio. By the 1830s, quarries had also opened up along the route of the Ohio & Erie Canal in the Portsmouth area to the east; followed by quarries that opened along a railway line that ran north up the Scioto River valley. Waterways transported the Buena Vista to many cities and towns, including Cincinnati, Ohio, Louisville, Kentucky, and Evansville, Indiana, on the Ohio River, New Orleans on the Mississippi River, and Dayton and Columbus on the Ohio canal system. Later railways transported this stone further afield to Illinois, Wisconsin, and Alberta. Census reports, industry magazines, and other historical accounts document the use of this stone across much of the eastern US and into Canada. Historically, it has been used for a variety of items, including entire buildings, canal structures, fence posts, and laundry tubs. Some 19th-century structures built with this stone remain in cities where it was once commonly used. Literature reviews, field observations, and lab analyses are here compiled as a useful reference to both the urban and field geologist in the identification of the Buena Vista Member, a historically important building stone, in buildings and outcrops, respectively.
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Turyahabwe, Remigio, Joyfred Asaba, Andrew Mulabbi, and Christopher Osuna. "Environmental and Socio-economic Impact Assessment of Stone Quarrying in Tororo District, Eastern Uganda." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 4, no. 1 (October 23, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.4.1.445.
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The study aimed at assessing the environmental and socio-economic impact of stone quarrying in Tororo district. To achieve this, we used questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions, where the information obtained was confirmed by field observations. The data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics like percentages, tables and graphs. Results indicated that, stone quarrying did more harm than good on the biophysical environment as it came with terrestrial ecosystem degradation as reported by 65%, water quality deterioration as reported by 34% as well as deafening noise and air pollution as indicated by 100% of the total respondents. Socio-economic analysis indicated that benefits of stone quarrying outweighed costs. For example, 100% of respondents indicated that employment arose from stone quarrying and 79% stated that, standards of living have been elevated by the activity. The district local government realizes local revenue from the activity. The activity is however associated with accidents and subsequent loss of lives and physical body damages due to collapsing caves of quarries. It was therefore concluded that, Tororo district environment office should monitor the quarrying activities to avoid leaving open pits and caves that are dangerous to lives of people at quarry sites.
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Barkai, Ran, Avi Gopher, and Philip C. La Porta. "Palaeolithic landscape of extraction: flint surface quarries and workshops at Mt Pua, Israel." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (September 2002): 672–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091110.
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The authors report on investigations at quarrying sites on Mount Pua, Israel. they suggest that the area shows a degree of industrial organization from the late Lower Palaeolithic with a resultant impact on the landscape.
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Abakumov, Evgeny, Aleksey Zverev, Azamat Suleymanov, and Ruslan Suleymanov. "Microbiome of post-technogenic soils of quarries in the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russia)." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (September 11, 2020): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0053.
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AbstractThe state of the microbial community is an essential factor determining the processes of soil restoration of disturbed soils. Quarrying and mining complexes are valuable sites for studying soil formation processes. Four different quarries (gypsum, sand–gravel mixture, sand, and clay) of the Republic of Bashkortostan were surveyed to determine the status of the microbial community of post-technogenic soils. Amplicon libraries of the 16s rDNA gene were analyzed. It was shown that the microbial communities of different soil horizons of quarries differ significantly. According to the results of the analysis, quarry communities demonstrate differences in the microbial composition of different horizons, while in some cases, the upper horizon is richer.
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González-Tablas Nieto, Javier. "Quarrying Beautiful Bekhen Stone for the Pharaoh: The Exploitation of Wadi Hammamat in the Reign of Amenemhat III." Journal of Egyptian History 7, no. 1 (August 18, 2014): 34–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340013.
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The greywacke quarries in Wadi Hammamat are one of the best known examples of this kind of activity due to the number of inscriptions preserved at the site. Although a number of approaches to these inscriptions have been made, it is quite usual to find general studies about epigraphic features or the activities of one important functionary. The aim of this paper is to focus on the royal activities in the quarries at the end of the Middle Kingdom, more precisely in the reign of Amenemhat III, analyzing for that purpose both epigraphic and comparative archaeological data, in order to build a comprehensive image of the Egyptian works at this quarrying site.
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OgechukwuOshim, Francisca, Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Ijeh, Winner Akuabianuju Amaefule, Nelson Chinaka Ayajuru, Excel Obumneme Amaefule, and Collins Chibuike Anumaka. "Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Quarrying in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Quarrying Practices and Innovative Technologies." International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation XI, no. VI (2024): 324–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.51244/ijrsi.2024.1106026.
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The quarrying industry in Nigeria has far-reaching socioeconomic and environmental implications that demand careful consideration of sustainable practices and innovative technologies. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted impacts of quarrying on local communities and the environment, highlighting challenges such as habitat destruction, air, noise,water pollution, environmental degradation, and socioeconomic disparities. Furthermore, it accesses current sustainable quarrying practices and innovative technologies to mitigate these impacts and improve efficiency. To address these challenges, this paper also emphasizes the importance of implementing robust policies and regulations governing quarrying activities in Nigeria. Through analysis of real-world examples, case studies, and existing literature, this review uncovers promising solutions that can enhance quarrying operations’ sustainability and environmental performance in Nigeria and worldwide. This paper unveils that, while quarrying is an important industry in Nigeria, it is critical to ensure it is carried out sustainably and responsibly. This can be achieved through improved regulations, strengthening sustainable quarrying practices, conducting thorough environmental impact assessments, establishing buffer zones around quarries, enforcing stricter pollution control measures, stakeholder engagement, and adoption of new technologies such as advanced blasting techniques, dust suppression technologies, automation and robotics machinery, water recycling, and treatment systems, waste recycling management, and reforestation and restoration techniques.It is evident that there are gaps and inconsistencies in Nigeria’s policy and regulatory framework, and there is a lack of research on the effective implementation of sustainable practices and new technologies. Therefore, further research is recommended on areas such as the lasting impact of sustainable practices, the potential of new technologies, and the enhancement of policy and regulatory frameworks to improve the sustainability and efficiency of quarrying operations in Nigeria.
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Olatunde, K. A., T. Towolawi, I. Kolawole, N. Aiyelabola, O. Michael, E. Warrie, O. Oludiran, and I. Awomade. "Soil quality and metal distribution around stone quarries within Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 2 (November 17, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i2.6.
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Quarrying activities are explored to extract a variety of materials deposited underneath the earth surface. These activities however can potentially impact negatively on soil quality and cause elemental pollution. This study assessed soil quality and distribution of metals in soils around four quarrying sites (PAPA, S&D, TCity and Mile 8) within Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Thirty six topsoil samples were collected at distances from quarry gates in September 2019 and analyzed using standard methods. Soil quality and metal concentrations were compared with reference and standards and the degrees of soil contamination assessed using relevant indices. Soil quality reduced with distance from the quarry gates. Similarly, metal concentrations had strong and significant (P=0.05) negative relationships with distance and were higher in soil samples compared to the reference. Moderate contaminations for all metals were observed in soils collected close to the quarry gates soils from the results of the contamination factor index (Cf). However, the results of ecological risk index (Ei) showed that the metal loads in soils currently do not pose any ecological risk.
Keywords: Quarry, Soil quality, Metal distribution, Soil contamination, Potential ecological risk
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Goforth, Tom T., and Jessie L. Bonner. "Characteristics of Rg waves recorded from quarry blasts in central Texas." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 85, no. 4 (August 1, 1995): 1232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0850041232.
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Abstract Chemical blasts from quarrying operations in central Texas are routinely recorded by the W. M. Keck Foundation Seismological Observatory near China Spring, Texas. The Keck Observatory consists of a single, broadband, three-component, borehole seismograph system. Five quarries, located at distances ranging from 16 to 101 km from the observatory, each detonate from 1 to 6 tons of ammonium nitrate/fuel oil explosive on the average of twice per week. For every quarry for which the orientation of the working face could be determined, dispersed Rg waves are recorded at the Keck Observatory from those quarries at which the working face is directed away from the observatory, but are not observed or are severely attenuated from those quarries at which the working face is directed toward the observatory. Seismograms containing the dispersed Rg are easily recognized as quarry blasts, but those in which the dispersed Rg is absent look like small earthquakes.
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Ganiyah, Hamzart-Giwa Olabanke, Odiyi Bridget Onoshagbe, and Afolabi Olajide Joseph. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution from Granite Quarrying in Akure, Nigeria." Journal of Global Ecology and Environment 19, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2023): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/jogee/2023/v19i3-48529.
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This study investigated the heavy metals pollution of granite quarrying activities in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Three quarries and a control site were selected for this study. Plants and soil samples were collected at 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 m away from the crushing points, while samples were collected away from roadside for control. Water samples were collected at just a point. Concentration of heavy metals in collected samples was determined using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210 VGP. The mean total heavy metal contents in C. odorata and P. purpurem collected within 0 to 200 m showed that Pb, Fe, Zn, Cr Co and Cd contents were above the WHO permissible limit while only Pb content (190.8, 299.20 and 208.80 ppm) and Fe (7559.50, 13386.50 and 19019.50 ppm for Dortmond, Ebenezer and Samchase quarries respectively) were above the permissible limit in soil samples. Elevated Pb, Fe, Cr, and Ni were recorded in water samples collected from quarry sites while values recorded for control sites falls within the permissible limit except for the lead concentration of 0.10 ppm as against the maximum concentration of 0.05 ppm set by WHO. Zn, Mn, Cd and and Cu were not detected in all water samples. Higher pH values were also recorded in soil and water samples from quarry sites. This study has shown that quarrying introduces toxic heavy metals into nearby environment.
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Sidebotham, Steven E. "Newly Discovered Sites in the Eastern Desert." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 82, no. 1 (December 1996): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030751339608200118.
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Preliminary report of a survey of the Eastern Desert between the ancient Abu Sha'ar–Nile road in the north and the modern Quseir–Nile highway in the south. A number of hitherto unknown ancient sites have been recorded including road segments, road stations on the Abu Sha'ar–Nile road, gold mines, and hard stone quarries. A Latin inscription at one of these, associated with quarrying activities in the region and naming Flavius Diadumenus and Flavius Fortunatus, is here published.
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Heldal, Tom, Per Storemyr, Elizabeth Bloxam, and Ian Shaw. "Heritage Stone 6. Gneiss for the Pharaoh: Geology of the Third Millennium BCE Chephren's Quarries in Southern Egypt." Geoscience Canada 43, no. 1 (March 14, 2016): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.090.
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A remarkable campaign of decorative stone quarrying took place in the southwestern Egyptian desert almost 5000 years ago. The target for quarrying was Precambrian plagioclase−hornblende gneiss, from which several life-sized statues of King Chephren (or Khafra) and thousands of funerary vessels were produced. The former inspired George Murray in 1939 to name the ancient quarry site 'Chephren's Quarries.' Almost 700 individual extraction pits are found in the area, in which free-standing boulders formed by spheroidal weathering were worked by stone tools made from local rocks and fashioned into rough-outs for the production of vessels and statues. These were transported over large distances across Egypt to Nile Valley workshops for finishing. Although some of these workshop locations remain unknown, there is evidence to suggest that, during the Predynastic to Early Dynastic period, the permanent settlement at Hierakonpolis (Upper Egypt) could have been one destination, and during the Old Kingdom, another may have been located at pyramid construction sites such as the Giza Plateau (Lower Egypt). Chephren's Quarries remains one of the earliest examples of how the combined aesthetic appearance and supreme technical quality of a rock made humans go to extreme efforts to obtain and transport this raw material on an ‘industrial’ scale from a remote source. The quarries were abandoned about 4500 years ago, leaving a rare and well-preserved insight into ancient stone quarrying technologies. RÉSUMÉUne remarquable campagne d’extraction de pierres décorative a été mené dans le sud-ouest du désert égyptien il y a près de 5000 ans. La roche cible était un gneiss à plagioclase–hornblende, de laquelle ont été tiré plusieurs statues grandeur nature du roi Khéphren (ou Khâef Rê) et des milliers de vases funéraires. C’est pourquoi George Murray, en 1939, a donné au site de l’ancienne carrière le nom de 'Chephren’s Quarries.' On peut trouver près de 700 fosses d’extraction sur le site, renfermant des blocs de roches formés par altération sphéroïdale qui ont été dégrossis avec des outils de pierre pour la production de vases et de statues. Puis ils ont été transportés à travers l’Égypte jusqu’aux ateliers de finition de la vallée du Nil. Bien que la localisation de certains de ces ateliers demeure inconnue, certains indices permettent de penser que, de la période prédynastique jusqu’à la période dynastique précoce, l’établissement permanent à Hiérakonpolis (Haute Égypte) aurait pu être l’une de ces destinations; durant l’Ancien empire une autre destination aurait pu être située aux sites de construction de pyramides comme le Plateau de Giza (Basse Égypte). Les Chephren’s Quarries l’une des plus anciennes exemples montrant comment la combinaison des qualités esthétiques et techniques remarquables de la roche ont incité les humains à consentir de si grands efforts pour extraire et transporter ce matériau brute à une échelle industrielle d’un site éloigné. Les carrières ont été abandonnées il y a environ 4500 ans, nous laissant une fenêtre rare et bien conservé sur des technologies anciennes d’extraction de pierre de taille.Traduit par le Traducteur
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Rani, Babitha, Shadakshara Swamy, Bharath, Raghavendra Prasad Dinakar, and Raghu. "IMPACT OF QUARRYING AND CRUSHING ON SOIL QUALITY: A CASE STUDY IN TUMKUR DISTRICT, KARNATAKA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RASM (April 30, 2017): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4rasm.2017.3363.
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A study was carried out on the impact of quarrying and crushing waste on the quality of soil in Tumkur District. The quarries located in different parts of Tumkur District produces quarry wastes (aggregates), blasted materials (fly rocks), chemicals (explosives used for blasting) and dust (granite powder) generated from activity are spread and settled in the surrounding area. The soil samples were collected both near and away from the quarry and crushing sites. The collected samples were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters viz temperature, pH, EC, organic carbon, nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, copper, manganese, iron and boron using standard methods. The results revealed the deterioration of soil quality near the quarrying and crushing sites and this can be attributed due to the accumulation of dust. The soil properties are less affected away from the quarry sites.
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Domnin, D. A., G. S. Mikhnevich, D. S. Vershinin, K. V. Karmanov, and E. I. Gmyrya. "Conditions for the Interaction of Marine and Fresh Waters in the System of Coastal Flooded Quarries in the Southeastern Baltic." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Estestvennye Nauki 165, no. 3 (November 28, 2023): 467–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2542-064x.2023.3.467-485.
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The western coast of the Kaliningrad region (Russia) is known for its amber quarries. While one quarry is active, others, the Yantarny Pond and a chain of beach coastal quarries, have been flooded by the waters of subsurface horizons. This article explores objective factors behind seawater intrusion and infiltration into the flooded quarries through aquifers, which connect them to the coastal parts of the sea. Changes in the geomorphology and morphometry of the catchment surface due to quarrying were traced by analyzing the cartographic data and satellite images. The obtained results show a reduction in the size of the catchment area, shifts in the hydrological network, and the emergence of new water bodies. Three aquifers provide subsurface feed to the water bodies and discharge into the sea. They are also connected with the existing quarry and the water supply system of the Yantarny municipality. Hydrological field data reveal higher mineralization of the Yantarny Pond waters compared to other freshwater bodies in the study area, as well as a local near-bottom anomaly of highly mineralized waters. The water level of the flooded beach quarries is currently above sea level, but they have different salinities, indicating their transitional state from fresh- to seawater bodies.
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Kölbl-Ebert, M., and B. J. Cooper. "Solnhofener Plattenkalk: a heritage stone of international significance from Germany." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486-2017-324.
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AbstractIn Bavaria (Germany), between Solnhofen and Kelheim, numerous quarries allow utilization of a thinly plated Upper Jurassic limestone known in German as the Solnhofener Plattenkalk and in English as Solnhofen Limestone. Here limestone slabs have been quarried for centuries and it is not necessary to cut the limestone with a saw as it can be split conveniently into thin and even slabs or sheets which are used for floor tiles and wall cladding. Thick slabs of especially fine quality have been used for lithography. This later utilization began in the late eighteenth century with lithographic Solnhofen Limestone soon being marketed worldwide. The industry continues on a smaller scale today. Slabs are quarried by hand so as not to break them, accounting for their high price. Because of this ‘gentle’ quarrying method, fossils have also been found. Although rare, over time many Solnhofen fossil specimens have found their way into natural history museums throughout the world. Most noteworthy is the early bird Archaeopteryx. Given its utilitarian usage worldwide as a lithographic stone, and its sale for centuries as floor tiles, coupled with its being a source of unique fossils, Solnhofener Plattenkalk is recommended here as a Global Heritage Stone Resource.
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Boutsougame, A., M. Khaffou, H. Aassine, H. Ouazzani, and M. Alaoui. "Environmental Impact Assessment of the quarries on Grou River: Khenifra region- Morocco." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1090, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1090/1/012018.
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Abstract Khenifra region is rich in geological resources, which attracted a lot of investment, especially the quarrying. The Grou River watershed contains a lot of quarries of alluvial material extraction which causes negative impacts on its environment such as landscape modification, water quality degradation, dust emission and, soil erosion. The evaluation of water quality by measuring physicochemical parameters showed a deterioration of its quality in the downstream area compared to the upstream area. To respond to this situation, we suggest a set of mitigation measure and propose the respect of monitoring and surveillance plans.
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Barchok, Festus Kiprop, Samson Okongo Mabwoga, and Stella Kirui. "Assessment of Socio-Economic Impacts of Stone Quarrying Activities in Narok Town Ward, Narok North Sub-County." East African Journal of Environment and Natural Resources 5, no. 2 (November 22, 2022): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajenr.5.2.976.
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Quarrying is an excavation process involving abstracting materials, which are neither fuel nor minerals in nature from rocks. The ever-increasing development and construction in major urban centres worldwide have necessitated the need for quarries to provide materials for construction. This has led to detrimental environmental and social economic impacts which are usually ignored at the expense of economic pursuit by developers. The study focused on assessing the socioeconomic impacts of stone quarrying in Narok Town Ward, Narok North Sub-County, Kenya. The target population were quarry workers, the residents and government agency officials dealing with environmental management. The study employed a descriptive research design where both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used. Stratified sampling and random sampling techniques were used during the study. Questionnaires, interviews, observations and photography were used to collect data during the survey. Descriptive statistics, percentages, frequencies and correlation were used to analyze data in Microsoft software MS Excel and SPSS. Findings have been presented descriptively, quantitatively and qualitatively. Quarrying activities in Narok Town ward have played an important role in the economic development and infrastructural development, however it has brought about negative social issues such as a change in social fabrics, conflicts, displacement, and health-related issues. The correlation coefficient (r=0.705, P<0.001) show a positive correlation between the severity of dust and respiratory illnesses among the respondents. The respondents strongly agreed that quarrying activities have led to the creation of employment in the area. The study recommends that Stakeholders should put efforts into the mitigation of negative outcomes of quarrying activities that lead to the disruption of livelihoods. Community education and sensitization on environmental and socioeconomic impacts and safety measures should be done to minimize the negative impacts of quarrying activities in the Narok Town ward
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Rasti, Arezou, Hamid Ranjkesh Adarmanabadi, and Mohammad Reza Sahlabadi. "EFFECTS OF CONTROLLABLE AND UNCONTROLLABLE PARAMETERS ON DIAMOND WIRE CUTTING PERFORMANCE USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A CASE STUDY." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 4 (2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.4.3.
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Nowadays, most mining and quarrying industries utilize a diamond wire saw machine for bench cutting operations. This method uses a metal wire or cable assembled by diamond beads to cut the hard stone into large blocks. Many parameters classified into controllable and uncontrollable parameters affect the performance of the diamond wire saw cutting method. The uncontrollable parameters are related to rock engineering properties, and controllable parameters are related to operational aspects and machine performance. The diamond wire sawing process’s production rate is one of the most critical parameters influencing the design optimization and quarrying cost estimation. The cutting rate and wear rate of diamond beads are the most important factors to evaluate quarries’ production performance. This study aims to determine the effects of different controllable and uncontrollable parameters on different quarries’ production rates. Rock engineering properties like strength, hardness, and abrasivity, and operational aspects, such as cutting angle and drive wheel diameters, are considered as the main factors affecting the production performance of the diamond wire saw method. To discover the influence of these parameters, a detailed investigation in ten quarry operations was carried out. The relation between cutting rate and diamond bead wear with different parameters is estimated. It was observed that different controllable and uncontrollable parameters could increase or decrease the cutting rate and diamond bead wearing. Furthermore, using simple and multiple regression analysis, performance prediction of the cutting rate and wearing of diamond beads was developed, and the best equations were proposed.
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Perry, Jennifer E., and Christopher S. Jazwa. "Spatial and Temporal Variability in Chert Exploitation on Santa Cruz Island, California." American Antiquity 75, no. 1 (January 2010): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.75.1.177.
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Chert outcrops on eastern Santa Cruz Island were of vital importance to the inhabitants of the Santa Barbara Channel region because of their comparatively limited availablity elsewhere on the California Channel Islands. Temporally diagnostic artifacts and radiocarbon dates from associated shell middens suggest that chert quarries were exploited throughout the Holocene. The importance of these quarries has been well documented in regard to microlith production as part of the shell bead industry during the late Holocene. However, relatively little is known about local chert tool manufacture and exchange in earlier times. Systematic documentation of 26 known chert quarries, and sampling at associated shell middens on eastern Santa Cruz Island has resulted in the identification of significant spatial variability in chert exploitation through time. Whereas chert quarrying during the middle Holocene appears to have been opportunistic and dispersed throughout the landscape, comparable activities during the late Holocene became increasingly circumscribed as microlith production was intensified. These trends in chert procurement are interpreted in the context of temporal changes in subsistence, tool manufacture, and residential mobility on the northern Channel Islands, and have broad implications for spatial and temporal patterning in prehistoric lithic exploitation.
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Mohanty, Chandan Kumar, and Smrutirekha Mohanty. "Public–Private Wage Gap in the Indian Mining and Quarrying Industry." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 13, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801018812526.
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This article examines if there is a wage gap between public and private mining (and quarrying) workers in India, using the NSS data (2004–2005, 2009–2010 and 2011–2012). We employ linear and quantile regressions to estimate the wage gap. The ordinary least squares (OLS) results suggest that workers in the public sector mines (and quarries) earn 59 per cent more than their private sector counterparts. However, the wage gap is not uniform across the conditional wage distribution. The quantile regression estimates show that the magnitude of the wage gap is larger at the bottom quantile than at the top; the gap reduces as we move up the wage distribution. Observations drawn from our sub-sample analysis concur with these findings. JEL Classification: J21, J31, J45
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Piccini, Leonardo, Tiziana Di Lorenzo, Pilario Costagliola, and Diana Maria Paola Galassi. "Marble Slurry’s Impact on Groundwater: The Case Study of the Apuan Alps Karst Aquifers." Water 11, no. 12 (November 23, 2019): 2462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122462.
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Modern sawing techniques employed in ornamental stones’ exploitation produce large amounts of slurry that can be potentially diffused into the environment by runoff water. Slurry produced by limestone and marble quarrying can impact local karst aquifers, negatively affecting the groundwater quality and generating a remarkable environmental and economic damage. A very representative case-study is that of the Apuan Alps (north-western Tuscany, Italy) because of the intensive marble quarrying activity. The Apuan Alps region extends over about 650 km2; it hosts several quarries, known all over the world for the quality of the marble extracted, and a karst aquifer producing about 70,000 m3/day of high-quality water used directly for domestic purposes almost without treatments. In addition, Apuan Alps are an extraordinary area of natural and cultural heritage hosting many caves (about 1200), karst springs and geosites of international and national interest. During intense rain events, carbonate slurry systematically reaches the karst springs, making them temporarily unsuitable for domestic uses. In addition, the deterioration of the water quality threatens all the hypogean fauna living in the caves. This paper provides preliminary insights of the hydrological and biological indicators that can offer information about the impact of the marble quarrying activities on groundwater resources, karst habitats and their biodiversity.
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Zhussupova, K., Zh Seitov, E. Utegenov, N. Khvatina, and N. Baikenov. "Automation of ore quality management in quarries." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-4/034.
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Purpose. Formation of a realistic assessment of the prospects for the introduction of automated ore extraction systems and quality control in the activities of modern mining enterprises. Methodology. The basis of the methodological approach in this study is a combination of system analysis of various aspects of automation of management processes of ore quarrying, with an analytical investigation of the prospects for optimising ore mining processes in quarries using modern methods of automation and digitalisation. Findings. A systematic analysis of various aspects of automation of ore mining management processes by quarry method was performed. The most promising areas of quarry development in order to obtain ore raw materials of the highest quality were identified. A scheme showing the systems of methods for managing the quality of ore mined by the mining method at the mining enterprises was presented. In addition, the scheme of automation of ore quality management processes extracted in quarries was presented and analysed. Originality. A real assessment of the prospects for the introduction of automated systems of ore mining and quality control in the activities of modern mining enterprises has been formed. Practical value. The results of the research can be used as a basis for training specialists in the field of mining industry, whose professional responsibilities include solving issues of ore mining in a quarry way.
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Healan, Dan M. "Pre-Hispanic Quarrying in the Ucareo-Zinapecuaro Obsidian Source Area." Ancient Mesoamerica 8, no. 1 (1997): 77–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536100001590.
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AbstractObsidian artifact sourcing studies performed over the last 25 years have identified obsidian from outcrops around the communities of Zinapecuaro and Ucareo, Michoacan, at sites widely distributed in time and space. Recent data indicate that Zinapecuaro and Ucareo constitute distinct obsidian sources, although their proximity to each other and their similar chemical compositions merit their consideration as collectively comprising part of an obsidian source area. Sourcing studies that used Ucareo as well as Zinapecuaro source reference samples provide strong evidence of considerably greater pre-Hispanic utilization of the Ucareo source, and raise the possibility that at least some artifacts attributed to Zinapecuaro in studies that did not use Ucareo reference samples may be from the Ucareo source. These findings are supported by recent archaeological evidence of considerably greater exploitation of the Ucareo source, including what is probably one of the largest known pre-Hispanic quarries. Preliminary data provide a tentative chronology for settlement and exploitation of the source area.
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Nyland, Astrid J. "Rock Procurement in the Early Neolithic in Southern Norway – Significance by Association with People and Places?" Current Swedish Archaeology 26, no. 1 (June 10, 2021): 107–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37718/csa.2016.09.
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Rocks and places of rock procurement can be sig- nificant beyond pragmatic reasons. In the Early Ne- olithic in southern Norway, specific rock types and quarries appear to have been deeply entangled in socio-political strategies that either bound people together or set people apart. Charted variations in the character of lithic procurement and distribu- tion indicate two parallel but diverging processes of “Neolithization” in the western and eastern region respectively. In the west, rhyolite from a quarry atop Mt. Siggjo was especially significant, demonstrated by the intense quarrying and wide distribution of rhyolite along the west coast. Indeed, in the west, certain quarries appear to have been regarded as nodal points, anchoring people’s sense of identity and belonging. In the east, imported flint gained a similar role because of its association with farm- ing and Funnel Beaker–related societies in south- ern Scandinavia. That is, rock was significant not only due to its physical qualities, but by its associa- tion with a specific place, social or cultural group.
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Ballin, Torben Bjarke. "The worked quartz vein at Cnoc Dubh, Uig parish, Isle of Lewis, Western Isles." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 11 (2004): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2004.11.1-23.
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In 2002, an examination was carried out of a small quartz vein at the knoll of Cnoc Dubh, a few hundred metres from the southern shores of Loch Ceann Hulabhig on the Isle of Lewis (NGR: NB 2318 2998). The vein proved to have been worked in prehistoric time, defining it as a quarry, and it was measured, photographed and characterized. In the present paper, the Cnoc Dubh quartz quarry is presented in detail, to allow comparison with other lithic quarries, and it is attempted to define attributes diagnostic of prehistoric exploitation, and to schematically describe the 'mining operations' by which the quartz was procured. As part of this process,quartz quarrying is compared to the procurement of other lithic and stone raw materials, mainly drawing on research from Scandinavia, Australia and the USA, and the location of quartz quarries in relation to prehistoric settlements is discussed. The average distance between quartz sources and Neolithic–Bronze Age sites on Lewis is then used to discuss ownership of, and access to, prehistoric quartz sources, as well as the possible exchange of quartz.
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Kapageridis, I., and C. Albanopoulos. "RESERVES ESTIMATION OF A MARBLE QUARRY USING QUALITY INDICATORS." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 50, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11924.
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The use of standard estimation and modelling software tools in estimating marble quarry reserves poses a number of challenges. Marble quarry reserves are based on marble quality categories, almost unique for each quarry/deposit considered. These categories represent visual and physical aspects of marble such as colour, texture and fractures. Classification of marble to one of the categories is performed by experienced personnel and is based on samples much smaller in area than the blocks of marble which are potentially exploited. The available information is, also, mostly qualitative leading to further complications in the application of geomathematical estimation methods. The estimation of marble reserves described in this paper is based on interpolating quality indicator values from drillhole and quarry face samples to blocks in three dimensions. The procedure is applied in all working quarries of Iktinos Hellas SA and is based on Maptek Vulcan Quarry Modeller, a mine planning package adapted for quarrying. Its application and results is demonstrated using a case study from one of the quarries in NE Greece.
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Pereira Gómez, Dolores, and Sergio Hernández Gutiérrez. "Linking Cultural and Postindustrial Heritage with Potential Economic Activities—A Proposal to Revitalize a Demographically Degraded Area in Spain." Heritage 6, no. 11 (November 20, 2023): 7244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage6110380.
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Mining and quarrying were important economic activities in Europe in past centuries, but during the 20th century, raw materials became vital to societal development. Mining has been subject to fluctuations related to wars, economic crises, and advances in environmental rights. A series of events led some European countries, such as Spain, to assume a leading position in the market for certain raw materials, such as tungsten. However, most of Europe’s mines have been abandoned. This paper considers several postindustrial heritage sites that can used to illustrate how metal and stone were extracted in past centuries. Such sites have become a tourist attraction in the context of heritage in some countries. This area in western Spain, which contains ancestral quarries that helped build the architectural heritage of UNESCO World Heritage Cities and artisanal mines that contributed to building the economy of an extremely poor population, has a story to tell. All these mines and quarries can be used to explain the cultural heritage of the area as part of a postindustrial heritage landscape.
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Herceg, Vjekoslav, Mario Klanfar, Karolina Herceg, and Dubravko Domitrović. "SPECIFIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF MATERIAL HANDLING BY EXCAVATOR IN THE QUARRYING OF CRUSHED STONE." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 38, no. 1 (2023): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2023.1.8.
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A hydraulic excavator is widely used in crushed stone quarries to perform many different operations. Previous research on material handling by excavators is most often based on laboratory testing and observation of soil materials and the digging forces in them. These results are very difficult to transfer to fieldwork during the quarrying process. Therefore, in this work, the energy consumption of an excavator while working in typical materials for a crushed stone quarry was investigated. The field measurements were performed on overburden, blasted rock material, boulders, and two different crushed materials. Energy consumption was observed only during the portion of the cycle in which the bucket digs the material. In this way, the energy consumption was mainly related to the properties of the material. The highest energy consumption was found for blasted rock material, lower in overburden, and the lowest for boulders and crushed materials. These results are important for organizing an optimal distribution of machines according to the work tasks in the quarry and ultimately for energy savings.
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Luino, Fabio, Sabrina Bonetto, Barbara Bono, Cesare Comina, William W. Little, Sabina Porfido, Paolo Sassone, and Laura Turconi. "Marl Mining Activity and Negative Repercussions for Two Hillside Villages (Northern Italy)." Geosciences 14, no. 7 (July 8, 2024): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14070181.
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Coniolo and Brusaschetto, are two small towns located in the Monferrato area of the Alessandria Province, northern Italy. These communities have similar histories related to development and subsequent abandonment of marl quarry activity that began more than a century ago and continued until recently. Quarrying occurred until soil conditions, water infiltration, and excessive depth made cost of extracting and7 lifting material prohibitive. Quarries consisted of tunnels located directly beneath the towns at about 150 m below ground surface. Collapse of the tunnels led to surface subsidence and destruction of overlying homes and much of the municipal infrastructure. In the early Twentieth Century, regulations pertaining to mine and quarry safety were typically deficient, entirely absent, or not followed. Extractive activities of non-energy mineral resources from quarries and mines were and continue to be widespread in Italy, which currently ranks fifth among what are now countries of the European Union (EU). Mining sites are present in all regions of Italy, particularly in the northern part of the country and along coasts, often in areas of geohydrogeological risk. Consequences of anthropogenic pressures that alter the natural environment, such as the physical size of aquifer drawdowns, are linked to issues for a number of extractive sites across the country. This report analyzes historical and technical documents, conducts a geomorphological analysis of hilly slopes surrounding these communities, and examines urban planning and geophysical surveys to determine the impact of subsurface quarrying activities on the overlying ground surface. The study highlights significant problems that are applicable to other localities globally. This research demonstrates: (a) the importance of geological considerations to development and abandonment of mining activity in inhabited areas; (b) the importance of establishing and following safety protocols; and (c) the manner in which economic interests can take precedence over the well-being and lives of those employed to extract resources.
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Celauro, Angela, José Antonio Palenzuela Baena, Ilaria Moriero, Alexander Maass, José Francisco Guerrero Tello, Peppe Junior Valentino D’Aranno, and Maria Marsella. "Appraisal of Ancient Quarries and WWII Air Raids as Factors of Subsidence in Rome: A Geomatic Approach." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (April 11, 2023): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082011.
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Ancient mining and quarrying activities left anthropogenic geomorphologies that have shaped the natural landscape and affected environmental equilibria. The artificial structures and their related effects on the surrounding environment are analyzed here to characterize the quarrying landscape in the southeast area of Rome in terms of its dimensions, typology, state of preservation and interface with the urban environment. The increased occurrence of sinkhole events in urban areas has already been scientifically correlated to ancient cavities under increasing urban pressure. In this scenario, additional interacting anthropogenic factors, such as the aerial bombardments perpetrated during the Second World War, are considered here. These three factors have been investigated by employing a combined geomatic methodology. Information on air raids has been organized in vector archives. A dataset of historical aerial photographs has been processed into Digital Surface Models and orthomosaics to reconstruct the quarry landscape and its evolution, identify typologies of exploitation and forms of collapse and corroborate the discussion concerning the induced historical and recent subsidence phenomena, comparing these outputs with photogrammetric products obtained from recent satellite data. Geological and urbanistic characterization of the study area allowed a better connection between these historical and environmental factors. In light of the information gathered so far, SAR interferometric products allowed a preliminary interpretation of ground instabilities surrounding historical quarries, air raids and recent subsidence events. Various sub-areas of the AOI where the presenceof the considered factors also corresponds to areas in slight subsidence in the SAR velocity maps have been highlighted. Bivariate hotspot analysis allowed substantiating the hypothesis of a spatial correlation between these multiple aspects.
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Jasprica, Nenad, Katija Dolina, and Milenko Milović. "The flora and vegetation of the NE Mediterranean islet with centuries-long human influences." Acta Botanica Croatica 77, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2018-0007.
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Abstract This paper is based on the main results of an analysis of spontaneous flora and vegetation on the small islet of Vrnik (0.281 km2), on which there are some abandoned limestone quarries, on the eastern Adriatic coast. The investigations were carried out from 2014 to 2016. Altogether, 251 vascular plant taxa (species and infraspecific units) were recorded on the islet. A total of 11 plant associations, one subassocation and two stands within 10 vegetation classes were identified. Due to high anthropogenic influences during the last centuries, quarrying in particular, the islet investigated showed a relatively low variety of vascular plant taxa. In addition, clear signs of fragmentation of the forest vegetation were observed.
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Marshall, Shelley, Kate Taylor, Tim Connor, Fiona Haines, and Sara Tödt. "Will Business and Human Rights regulation help Rajasthan's bonded labourers who mine sandstone?" Journal of Industrial Relations 64, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 248–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856211052073.
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Some of the worst human rights conditions globally are found in Rajasthan’s sandstone quarries. This paper asks if state-based regulation in the economic-North advanced under the Business and Human Rights agenda: disclosure-based regimes, due diligence compliance regimes and trade-based regimes, could advance efforts to improve respect for human rights in this sector. It adopts fields of struggle lens and global value chain theoretical approaches to business power and governance to understand the challenging political and economic dynamics that entrench harm within sandstone quarrying in Rajasthan. This analysis suggests that company-based disclosure and due diligence regimes will struggle to ameliorate these dynamics whilst trade-based approaches hold some potential to generate meaningful change.
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Cornelissen, Dirk, Louis Verding, Anne S. Schulp, and John W. M. Jagt. "The mosasaurs (Squamata, Mosasauridae) of the Garcet Collection." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 183, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.183.1.67.
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Abstract Robert Garcet (April 12, 1912 – December 26, 2001) amassed a remarkable collection of mosasaur fossils from upper Maastrichtian strata in the Eben Emael-Lava area (Liège, Belgium), just south of the type section of the Maastrichtian Stage at the St Pietersberg (Maastricht, the Netherlands). His small-scale, non-mechanised quarrying activities permitted the recovery of numerous articulated vertebrate fossils. Garcet’s quarries were situated at a deeper level than most of the current, large-scale excavations in the area. This explains why material of Mosasaurus hoffmanni contained in his collections enables an extension of the known range of that species on the basis of articulated, unequivocally identified specimens, to comprise the last c. 2,3 m.y. of the Cretaceous.