Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quartet pour le Moyen-Orient'
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Usmanov, Sardor. "Stabilité et changement des conceptions stratégiques de Tony Blair sur le processus de paix au Moyen Orient : la mutation institutionnelle du Premier ministre en Représentant du Quartet." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00591755.
Full textCardinal, Monique. "La publicistique pour les femmes au Moyen-Orient : 1980-1995." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081722.
Full textBOSSE, DANIELE SYLVIE. "Contribution a l'etude des risques sanitaires pour les voyageurs se rendant au moyen-orient." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20237.
Full textBenbernou, Mustapha. "Pour une fédération arabe : essai d'élaboration d'un projet fédératif arabe." Rouen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ROUEL161.
Full textThe "mondialisme" is a movement which tends to build a world wide federation which will be able to erase the specter of war between people, while respecting their cultural specificities. However this prospect implies firts : the study of the setting up of the federations, in spheres comprising unifiying elements. This work is devoted to a region of the globe where unity is a major importance. It is an attempt of reflection allowing the rederative phenomenan to come into being and to survive. It requires scientific tools (public law, politics) as well as cultural tools (the arab nature). This work constitutes a way of seing the arab unity in a more or less concrete way, in a viewpoint which is not nationalist
Ferjani, Zouhair. "L’ouverture économique à la mondialisation pour les pays du Moyen Orient et de l’Afrique du Nord." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV018.
Full textStudying the factors affecting growth for Middle East and North African countries in a context of globalization imply taking into account the effects of trade openness, financial openness, specialization and the quality of institutions as main determinants of growth. In following this purpose, we studied the effect of financial development which is sensitive to quality of institutions and contingent to degree of financial openness of a country. As well as financial openness, trade openness could be an important factor for growth especially for developing countries. Therefore, free trade implies the need for specialization in a set of products and services for which a country has an advantage over its trading partners. Finally, combined financial openness and trade openness are likely to be more effective in stimulating growth according to the hypothesis of Rajan and Zingales (2003) that we propose to test for the Middle East and North African countries
Hardy, Nicolas. "Finance islamique et renouveau du droit islamique au Moyen Orient : les contraintes de l'innovation financière pour les juristes-fuqahāʾ." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0106.
Full textIslamic finance emerged during the 1970s as the conduct of financing activities in conformity with the norms of the Sharia and, above all, the prohibition of interest. The jurists specialists of fiqh (Islamic law), the fuqahāʾ, are vested with the authority to supervise the application of the Sharia within Islamic banks. Thus, Islamic finance represents an experimentation for the renewal of Islamic laws as a jurists' law. The crystallization of the scheme of the mark-up sale (murābaḥaẗ) a controversial alternative to interest loans, allows the examination of the factors, linked to the institutional setting and the juridicial reasoning, constraining the formation of an innovating contemporary Islmamic financial law
Ghaderi, Soheila. "Quelles frontières pour le Moyen-Orient ? : les frontières des états nés du démembrement de la partie asiatique de l'empire ottoman, 1913-1939." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010545.
Full textThe complexity of the new problems confronted to the states directly coming from the dismembring of the ottoman empire results in the majority of the cases from the artificial lines of the frontiers. This layout was performed by the foreign occidental and western powers after the first world war. The last territorial modification in the middle eastern area took place in 1939. The border lines established and imposed to the new sovereign entities did correspond to an occidental and european conception of the state, but it surely did not take into account the traditional elements and structures of the middle eastern societies. They have also contributed to set up fields of tension and insecurity due to the divisions of several nations and their territories between different sovereign states in the region. These frontiers are actually obeyed and greatly equiped with military resources by the states arisen from the dismembring of the asian part of the ottoman empire. The question of the frontier in the middle east raises the complex problems and contradictions still unresolved between the principles of the people's rights for auto determination on one hand, and on the other hand the principles of the international law relative to the sovereignety of the states
Kodmani-Darwish, Bassma. "La Question palestinienne : un règlement fragmenté pour un peuple dispersé." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0013.
Full textA settlement for the Palestinians through the establishment of a political entity in the West Bank and Gaza leads to a de facto fragmentation of the Palestinian issue as a "national question". The settlement will provide a territorial solution for little more than a third of the 5. 5 million Palestinians. The communities outside these territories will each be subject to a specific treatment. This study examine the situation of these different communities in light of the projeced settlement which aims at integrating them outside their original homes. It describes the various patterns of integration (or exclusion) by looking into their economic, social, legal and political characteristics, their relationships with "host" governments and societies, their links with other Palestinian communities and with the PLO. It discusses the notion of a Palestinian "diapora" in the making and assesses the future of the PLO as a federating body given its priorities and the challenges it will face as a result of its "territorialisation" once it takes direct responsibility for the government of the Palestinian entity. It also attempts to define the appropriate framework for guaranteeing a viable settlement by involving the largest possible number of Palestinians
Mayaleh-Mayard, Juliette. "Le programme nucléaire iranien : Les implications pour les pays arabes." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020039.
Full textNovel, Anne-Sophie. "Les leviers et stratégies économiques utilisés par les Etats-Unis pour lutter contre le terrorisme transnational, 1968-2006." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009IEPP0021.
Full textThe United States is the first target country of transnational terrorism in the world. The American economic strategy to counter-terrorism relies on deterrence policies (the "stick") or incentive policies (the "carrot"). The use of these tools has adapted to the evolution of transnational terrorism : sanctions, ineffective in two thirds of the observed cases, are less imposed against states and are increasingly targeting individuals or groups of individuals. Traditionnal sanctions (against states), when imposed, are more often imposed on a multilateral basis. This thesis shows that the number of attacks from a source country is not a good determinant of anti-terrorist sanctions imposed by the United States. It is necessary to take into account the nature of transnational terrorism and the behavior of governments of source countries in order to understand the American logic of anti-terrorism sanctions. The role of domestic lobbies is also crucial. Since the beginning of the war against terrorism in 2002, incitative policies have been widely developed : they reflect a better integration of terrorism factors and encourage countries to join the Americain war against terrorism. The study of MEFTA’s negotiations shows that the implementation of agreements is a source of tension between countries within the Middle East. The most successful agreements, paradoxically, are those made with those countries whose regulations are more developed
Deleh, Sam. "Recours pour excès de pouvoir et limites quant à la protection des administrés : étude comparée du droit du contentieux au Moyen-Orient (Syrie-Egypte) et en France." Nantes, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NANT4005.
Full textThis thesis studied the problem of the efficiauty to the recourse for the excess of the authority (recours pour exces de pouvoir) as a posability to the governeds rights protection against the public administration arbitration. There is a cases study for two legal systems of two arab countries : Syria and Egypt. The present research choised these two countries, for his comparative analyse, because of the great french legal system influnce in these two countries. Our study follows an comparative approche to the syrien, egyptien and french law. For this object, we tried to realize the imperfections which affect the governeds by this recourse. In the first place, we examained the limitations of the access towards the administration judge : the requestors acts limitations, limitations concerning the addmeted governeds towards the judge, the institutional, procedural and financial order limitation. In the second place, we examined the limits which are insufficient in the governeds protection, even if the recours was in the substances examination. These limits have many aspects: limitations of equality principle, limitations as a result of the control exercised by the judge, limitations as a result of the non-suspensive effect of the recourse, and limitations related to authority of the judge on front of the public administration in the executing of his decision
Vilain, Sarah. "Pour une archéologie des échanges en Méditerranée orientale : la céramique chypriote au Levant nord aux âges du Bronze moyen et du Bronze récent." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG057.
Full textThis dissertation offers a typological and contextual study of the Cypriot pottery imported in the Northern Levant, and more broadly a study of trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. This research put in light the presence of Cypriot imports in sixty-nine archaeological sites, mostly located on the Mediterranean coast. The Cypriot assemblage found in the Northern Levant consists of a large variety of fabrics and types and shows an uninterrupted trade between the two regions from MB II to the end of LBA. The interest of the Levantine peoples for Cypriot productions is attested by attempts at local imitation and the creation of new types influenced by Cypriot shapes and styles. Interactions between the Northern Levant and Cyprus led to the introduction of new productions and the adoption of common cultural practices. The Cypriot pottery discovered in the Northern Levant facilitates understanding of the complex links established between societies of the Eastern Mediterranean in the IInd millennium BC
Tristani, Philippe. "L’Iraq Petroleum Company de 1948 à 1975 : Stratégie et déclin d’un consortium pétrolier occidental pour le contrôle des ressources pétrolières en Irak et au Moyen-Orient." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040236/document.
Full textThe Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) is a British company that, in July 1928, succeeded the Turkish Petroleum Company, which held a concession in Iraq. Since its creation, the IPC had been both an emanation of the major Western oil groups and the concrete expression of the oil policy pursued in the Middle East by the major Western powers, the United States, Great Britain and France. It was a petroleum production consortium whose activities were mainly in Iraq. From his creation in 1929 to his nationalization in 1975, IPC associated all of the Western Majors. In 1932 and in 1938, the Mosul Petroleum Company (MPC) and the Basrah Petroleum Company (BPC) rounded out this system in the southern part of Iraq. So, on the eve of World War II, the area of the concessions covered all Iraq.Until the 1970s, the concession system governed relationships between operating companies and producing countries. In those agreements, the producing countries did not control the amounts produced, the level of exports, or prices. But, as of the 1950s, the complex oil system implemented by the Majors was threatened by the de-colonization movement. The Soviet threat and the Israeli-Arab conflicts strengthened this increasing instability. So the battle for freeing the Arab nation incorporated the fight against IPC to return Arab oil to the Arabs. The revolution of 14 July 1958, which overthrew Nouri Saïd’s pro-Western government and brought General Abd el-Karim Kassem to power, intensified a constant political desire for re-appropriation of the Iraqi oil economy in the name of Iraq’s development and national sovereignty
Frouin, Marine. "Les feldspaths comme support pour la datation par luminescence de gisements archéologiques et de séquences quaternaires d'Aquitaine." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30076.
Full textCurrently available chronological information for Middle Palaeolithic sites in southwestern France precludes the establishment of a robust chronological framework. For these early periods, developing such a framework relies upon important methodological advancements in numerical dating techniques. The results of this study are essentially based on the optical luminescence dating of sedimentary feldspars and quartz. Focusing on the most commonly employed luminescence signals (IRSL, pIR-IRSL), it was possible to more clearly evaluate the reliability of dates obtained on K-feldspars. A dating protocol for these materials based on their radioluminescence signal (IR-RF) was also developed. Optical luminescence dates were produced for six major archaeological sites: (Marillac, Charente), Combe Brune 2 (Creysse, Dordogne), Roc de Marsal (Campagne, Dordogne), Artenac (Saint-Mary, Charente), La Quina (Gardes-le-Pontaroux, Charente) et La Ferrassie (Savignac-de-Miremont, Dordogne). Collating the results for each archaeological level allowed the coherence of the dates to be tested and a reliable chronological sequence to be proposed for each site. The different human occupations, characterised by their industrial attribution, could be placed within a chronological framework that incorporates regional palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic variations. Finally, several observations provide new insights for our understanding of Neandertal cultures
Aziki, Yasmina. "L'expertise multilatérale pour le développement de la région MENA : pratiques de coopération, crises régionales et défis nationaux, 1964-1981." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H030.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the history of development cooperation in the North Africa and Middle East - Middle East-North Africa or MENA region - by sharing a history of aid development, a history of international organizations and a history of technical expertise, while, at the same time, focusing on a sociological approach and a transfer approach. This thesis therefore aims to present the trajectories followed by all actors of development aid and their missions, from archives of international and diplomatic institutions unpublished. Assistance provided by international organizations is provided through technical support and support for the financing of state development projects. By focusing on the countries receiving this assistance and the institutions that provide it, this thesis highlights their deep, convergent or contradictory interests. On the one hand, agencies such as the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the World Bank have tried to gain international legitimacy. On the other hand, countries in the MENA region have used this assistance for driving ambitious, and sometimes costly, development projects. Moreover, despite the polarization of the world with the Cold War, MENA states have joined the concert of demands of the "South" advocating the non-alignment and rebalancing of trade with the North. The UN was the platform for these demands with, in 1964, the first UNCTAD. In the MENA region, the Arab League and the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) are part of this "awakening of the South" (Samir Amin). The oil crisis of 1973 led these two institutions to a dialogue with the EEC, UNCTAD and the OECD for the financing of development aid, in an original triangular cooperation. In this vein, the Kuwaiti Development Fund offers a vivid example of pursuit of strategic interests for the legitimization of a petrodollar-financed state.Thanks to the World Bank, Kuwait made development aid a diplomatic weapon, as early as 1961. The cases of Morocco and Egypt reveal the limits of aid in the face of ambitions, sometimes contradictory, of the power, before institutions viewers of the economic stagnation of these countries
Azari, Elahe. "Quels types d'éco-quartiers pour l'Iran ? : recherche sur la faisabilité des écoquartiers en Iran : application à l'étude de la création et construction d'un écoquartier en campagne de Téhéran et ses effets sur les citoyens et leurs modes de vie : Téhéran-Hashtgerd." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH016/document.
Full textWe enter in the new level of urban planning that promotes eco-district, which is part of the objective of sustainable development and reduction of the ecological footprint, usually associated with a strong involvement of residents. Recall that an eco-district is a district that reduces energy consumption by using renewable energy; highlights gentle movements; limit the production of waste and the use of resources such as water; also involved in the choice of building materials.The development of eco-neighborhoods is very recent in the Western world, and has seen little application elsewhere. A country like Iran has not yet integrated accurate reflection on eco-neighborhoods and their development, even though it is now entering a new stage of sustainable development. Our project is to research and focus on the acceptability and feasibility of eco-neighborhoods which are adapted to the Iranian world, and whose results could revolutionize, or at least to change the urban design of cities in Iran. In a first point we briefly consider the general problem of the eco-district, before dealing in second place this issue in the context of Iran and, more specifically Tehran ; for final question the feasibility of eco sustainable neighborhoods in Iran
Abou, Kasm Antonios. "Le Tribunal spécial pour le Liban : défis juridiques et enjeux stratégiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND006.
Full textThe Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) is created through a bilateral agreement concluded between the UN and the Lebanese Government; but its essential instruments didn’t come into force until the adoption of the binding resolution 1757 (2007) of the Security Council adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The STL, sitting in the Netherlands, composed of foreign and Lebanese judges, is an internationalized criminal tribunal sui generis. Its primary mandate consists on prosecuting those responsible for the 14th February 2005 attempt which caused the death of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic HARIRI and 22 other people; nevertheless the STL’s jurisdiction can be extended to cover connected attacks. Many features distinguish the STL, since it is the first criminal tribunal that was created under the UN’s framework outside of the International humanitarian law’s discipline; it judges terrorism crimes in peace time under the Lebanese domestic law; moreover, it is the first international criminal tribunal which holds trials in absentia, establishes an Office for the Defense as an autonomous organ equally with the Office of the Prosecutor giving the defense counsel large powers. The STL works according to its proper Rules of Procedure and Evidence – adopted by its judges – associating the civil law system and the common law system. The STL’s functioning confronts legal challenges due to its combined funding mechanism, assured by the conventional contribution of the Lebanese Government as by the voluntary contributions of member States; or due to its restricted primacy limited only to Lebanese courts, arising a problematical horizontal cooperation. In addition, the STL’s Statute expresses reluctance on the immunities’ question. The implementation of the STL has created a large political controversy in Lebanon; its work in an unstable geopolitical framework triggers relevant strategic issues having impacts on the political scene in Lebanon and Middle-East. The STL incurs strategic challenges since its first indictment incriminates Hezbollah members – an armed resistance against Israel – ally of Iran and Syria. The Arab spring and its implications on the Syrian revolution generate instability to the political and security conditions of Lebanon, alerting a new series of terrorist attempts. The main mission of the STL consists to end impunity in Lebanon related first and foremost to political assassinations. The STL is considered as an instrument of selective justice since it is established only to judge a single attempt and a small number of connected crimes in a restricted spatiotemporal framework, whereas a large number of serious crimes of International humanitarian law and political crimes perpetrated in Lebanon are still unpunished. For its detractors, the STL embodies the dilemma between "civil peace" and "international justice", although its finality seeks to consolidate the national reconciliation through the discovery of the truth
Aldoqi, Ayman. "Analysis of the Optimal Choice of Pension System in Palestine." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED071/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to explore the optimal choice of retirement system for the Palestinian case motivated primarily by the problems of high poverty rate and the noticeably low coverage rate of social security.Accordingly, the first chapter focused on the environmental analysis of the Palestinian case. The second chapter focused on the literature review of social security. The third chapter explores the access rate to social security systems in each aspect of social security by socioeconomic characteristics. While, fourth chapter present an econometric analysis about the decision to participate at the pension system. Finally, chapter five presents and discusses guidelines for an optimal alternative pension reform followed by a projection test for proposed parameters of DB scheme using PROST model (World Bank) in several scenarios. The results determined the most important characteristics that increase the probability to participate to a pension system. Further, the projection shows the proper contribution rates in each unemployment scenario and its impact on the balance of the system and adequacy of income given the specific situation of females in Palestine
Ben, Saad Myriam. "Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2004/document.
Full textMENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development