Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Quartiers pauvres – Martinique (France)'
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Legrand-Picard, Dominique. "Pauvreté et mal-développement. Une géographie sociale de la Martinique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA019.
Full textThere exist blatant socio-economic imbalances between the French overseas departments and metropolitan France. In Martinique more particularly, poverty is more intense and more diffuse than at the national level; it strongly hits both people excluded from the labor market and wage-earning laborers. Unemployment, both a structural and an endemic phenomenon, mainly affects young women and non-graduates. Since the social movement of 2009 and the political and institutional instability that followed, social tensions have remained high, revealing the people’s frustration as to persistent inequalities. How can one account for these inequalities? The increasing impoverishment of a large part of the population stems from a particularly unfavorable economic environment. The region is characterized by its low development, its degraded and deteriorating labor market, and its peculiar economy, relying on government subsidies. The geographic analysis provided by this dissertation highlights the distinctive features of poverty: the profiles of affected families, as well as the characteristics of the impoverished populations in terms of access to employment, skills and training, and health. The territorial dimensions of the dynamics of poverty will also be studied, thus emphasizing the link between social space and geographic space, as poverty, insecurity and exclusion will be analyzed at the level of spontaneous settlement areas (shantytowns / squatter homes). Indeed, poverty and segregation are primarily found in these spontaneous settlements – which are still very numerous in the French overseas departments – in both urban and rural environments
Tréguer, Carine. "Les politiques publiques favorisent-elles les quartiers pauvres ? : essai d'élaboration d'une comptabilité sur le cas de deux quartiers, un banal et un pauvre." Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne (UPEC), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA123005.
Full textThe PhD works concern public spending in “poor districts” in comparison with other districts. By making up districts accountings, public spending has been mesured on the case of two districts, one consist of social low classes (and named “poor district” in the paper) and one other consist of social middle classes (named “mean district”). The subject concerns a spatial description of poverty on territories : we didn't search to know if unequalities increase or reduce in time, if unequalities cause additional externalities or what is the intervention's level to reduce unequalities. The work consisted in drawing up a balance sheet, a photograph of public action on two districts. In this frame, a database has been built to measure public spending on the scale of districts. The PhD works concern public spending of education, housing, social, family, health and citie policy. The results show that public spending globally favors mean districts in comparison with poor districts. Whereas we know that to reduce a delay in education or housing comfort, public spending has to be more important for people who live in “poor districts”
Melas, Lucie. "Représentations et construction de « l'habitant » des quartiers disqualifiés." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100139.
Full textThe population representation in the texts of urban politics is influenced by a long tradition of utopian planning. A return to a principle is necessary permanently. Urban intervention leads to restoration of these districts which have become emblems of the of our towns. The ultimate aim of an intervention on an urban space is above all its population, as the minguettes district demonstrates. From this viewpoint, a collective representation of inhabitants becomes a paradigm of the poor, the marginal, the have-nots and the delinquent. Stigmatization creates a new category of have-nots. In this way, we can talk of an because inhabitants are supposed to form a homogeneous group. So, inhabitants develop strategies to construct an acceptable picture of them and to negotiate their presence in the district. They reconstruct differently the relation between identity and designation. They develop heterogeneous individual and collective identities by organization of a dichotomy of social groups namely us them
Jurad, Sandrine. "Traces et politiques urbaines actuelles dans les quartiers populaires hérités des années 1950 à Fort-de-France (Martinique)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100042.
Full textFounded in the XVIIth century, Fort de France has experienced a long process of geographical and morphological evolution. For the last 60 years on, local urban projects have been framed according to national housing and living policies. Wide-scale urban renewal projects have been decided and undertaken within the most popular districts of the city. As these urban evolutions were shaped by different factors, a series of case studies enabled to lead a detailed analysis of the transformations undergone by five conspicuous districts of the city, from a notion of “urban tracks” that we’ve needed to identify. As they are vestiges of social practices and landmarks for spatial identity, tracks araise questions about how they impact the implementation of local projects in accordance with national policies; and how they redefine ways of re-appropriation of space through all the actors involved – either ordinary or institutional ‒. Our study highlights two major logics of memory-making and reinvestment of tracks, the first being directive, the second more negotiated. The interest in such an investigation is to account for the stakes involved in the disappearance and the preservation of tracks within the framework of patrimony development, because these processes have contributed in defining the cultural identity, the value and the wealth of these districts. Our research will be led by these social, spatial and symbolic patterns
Poyraz, Mustafa. "Espaces de proximité et animation socioculturelle. Analyse des pratiques dans une dizaine de quartiers populaires." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EVRY0012.
Full textPérez, Patrick. "Les stratégies populaires face à l'école : analyse d'un dispositif périscolaire dans les quartiers nord de Marseille." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10061.
Full textSiblot, Yasmine. "Paperasse, guichets et modernisation de l'accueil : les rapports pratiques entre classes populaires et administrations." Paris, EHESS, 2003. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/faire-valoir-ses-droits-au-quotidien--9782724609867.htm.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the relations between the inhabitants of a suburban city close to Paris and local public administrations. It aims to understand both the ambivalent relations between popular classes and public institutions, and the effects of the transformations of the public services. The research is based on a field work in a working class area composed of public housing and small houses, in the post office, the social center, and the town hall. The first part examines the practices of the inhabitants. It shows that the relations with administrations are relations of domination but alos relations of integration, and that dwellers have recourse to public services as a claim for rights and not for charity. These integrative processes are especially developped in the three local public services i studied, as the second part shows it. The relations with street level bureaucrats working at the front office and inhabitants are ambivalent : these employees have an authority but are subordinate, and their position is indefinite between the middle and the working class. Their attitudes towards inhabitants vary between distance end familiarity, through day-to-day encounters. The last part underlines how the policies of "modernization" in public services undermines this familiarity. These policies are based on managerial objectives and aim to redefine the relations to working class. They lead to a new conception of the employees' work that is far from their actual practices, and may reinforce the stigmatisation of the inhabitants of working class areas in administrations
Jesu, Louis. "L’élite artistique des cités : métamorphoses de l’ancrage du hip-hop dans les quartiers populaires en France (1981-2015)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0095/document.
Full textAt the intersection of socio-history of popular areas, ethnography of artistic activities, and sociology of culture, this thesis studies the evolution of the practice of the hip hop elements in France since the early 1980s. The methods of investigation combine semi-structured interviews with various protagonists, direct observations of the activities of nonprofit organizations dedicated to hip hop located in popular suburban areas around Paris, the analysis of archives and a statistical work on a database. The thesis describes the emergence of those artistic activities in France and their privileged appropriation by young men living in popular areas and/or immigrants’ children. Thanks to some distinctive social resources, those hip hop pioneers yearn to be recognized as artists, and doing so strive for the symbolic rehabilitation of all the popular suburbs youngsters. Nevertheless, only few members of this suburban artistic elite manage to make a living from art. In the late 90's, some of them founded specialized nonprofit organizations in the popular areas where they come from, in order to transfer the practice to the youngests. The second generation emerges and shares the same characteristics of class, sex and race as the first generation. However, its members take advantage of a new commercial and institutional opening. Thus, they have the possibility to widely broadcast their art to the "general public", as they get high material and symbolic benefits. Observing the details of their daily routine and practice enables to analyze, on a wider scope, the evolutions of gender relations, relations to politics, to institutions and to the market for the popular suburbs youngsters
Taharount, Karim. "Matériaux pour une histoire : les tentatives d'organisation politique nationale et autonome de l'immigration et des quartiers populaires : (France 1982/1992)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010536.
Full textThis thesis concerns the attempts of constitution of a national and autonomous organization of the immigration and the popular districts between 1982 and 1992, and it through the history of the Résistance des banlieues and his founders
Perrot-Dessaux, Charlotte. "La lecture publique à l'épreuve des quartiers populaires : enquête dans les bibliothèques de Seine Saint Denis." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC146.
Full textThe work of this thesis is focused on public libraries in the working classes district of the Seine-Saint-Denis. Based on an ethnographic survey in a public library in a working class district, the thesis analyzes the public reading policy since its development until his transposition by the librarians and its reception in a territory. In this region, public librairies are put to the test in many ways. The distance of the majority of the population and several conflicts and tensions - conflicts between librarians and public, hostility against cultural actions developed by the libraries, possible acts of voluntary malicious damage directed against the equipment, complicate the local integration of these cultural institutions. At these problems we can add specific changements of the cultural field. The actual context of the redefining of hierarchies and of the cultural legitimacy affects directly librarians and asks the question of their social legitimacy. The thesis presents how the territorial integration difficulties of public libraries are rooted in the history and evolution of public reading policy on one side and neighborhoods and working classes on the other
Pingaud, Etienne. "L'implantation de l'islam dans les « quartiers » : contribution à l'analyse du succès d'une offre symbolique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0088.
Full textThis work focuses on the extension ofIslam in a French town of the Parisian "ceinture rouge". French communist Party has governed the town for a long time, with omnipresent networks on the working-class population. First this essay explores the history of immigration from Muslims areas, to emphasize the specific role played by sorne people and institutions: FLN supporters, "beurs" activists, Mosque of Paris, the State and the French communist Party. Then it analyses the currentplaces ofIslam and questions the way of its progressive establishment and its reproduction. Finally the growing development of Islam is read through the trades, influences and relationships between local Muslims and city authorities. They are decisive to understand the diffusion of a singular "symbolic offer" in the current French suburbs
Courtois, Laurent. "Processus de formation du ghetto dans une ville moyenne, Angoulême." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21549.
Full textThe mutations of French society greaty alter urban spaces. Towns segment. They show the social and economic chasm in society and illustrates the uneven distribution of wealth. Neighbourhoods, which have been until now caracterized by precariousness and relegation go deeper into a ghetto process. The ghetto observed inside a middle-sized town can’t be reduced to a territorial segregationsocial and racial. He can be defined with a series of social behaviours resulting from a particular social and moral organisation. Confronted with poverty, racism and imprisonment people who live in the ghetto establish particular existence strategies. Social models reinforce relations and fragment social life among the categories of people. This is not a pathogenic funtioning. It is, on the contrary, deeply social. This « counter world » results from the expreriences lived in a society which imprison and strangle people of the ghetto. Our survey was carried out in the Basseau neighbourhood in Angouleme. Its main concern is to show that the ghetto is neither natural nor irreversible. It is rooted in the changes of social relations in our society as well as in towns
Hbila, Chafik. "Jeunes de quartiers populaires et politiques de jeunesse : Adhésion et résistance des jeunes." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00776760.
Full textAquatias, Sylvain. "En bas des barres : sociabilités et lien social des jeunes dans les cités de la banlieue parisienne." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081446.
Full textThe present thesis deals with the social relationships young people living in suburban areas have between theym or with the other people they meet : others dwellers, dwellers of others residential areas or representatives of territorial or national institutions. Therefore, the purpose is not only to describe the sociabilities of the suburban young people but also to explain what binds theym to the global society through perceptions and actual experiences, and to describe the nature of the social bond which ties young people to others members of french society. The specific place suburban young people have in the social classification builded at the level of the global society governs their conceptions of their social relations. That place creates a "community of experience", a group of common practices and perceptions which unite the young people living the same experiences in the same category, empirically defined by the young people theymselves. Most of the data has come from investigations of about ten different sites and gathered from participatory observations. They have been completed by extensives interviews. More than one hundred people have been met in four years of fieldwork. The data allows one to understand how the social relationships of the young suburban people are organized, between children and parents, between girls and boys, between age-sets, in the groups of young people, between young people and others dwellers of the block, between young people and representatives of the departmental and national institutions like teachers, policemen and social workers, and how distances are created between groups and categories in the french society
Moignard, Benjamin. "De l'école à la rue : la construction et la structuration des conduites et des pratiques déviantes et délinquantes des adolescents dans et autour de l'école dans les quartiers populaires : une étude comparative entre la France et le Brésil." Bordeaux 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR21368.
Full textThis thesis addresses the relationship between secondary schools and their environment in working-class neighbourhoods, via a study on the deviant and delinquent behaviours and practices of adolescents both in and around the school. This research, which used the method of ethnographic data collection both in the school and in the neighbourhood, was envisaged with a comparison between France and Brazil in mind, aiming to make otherness an operator of knowledge. Our approach considers the relationships of the school with its environment as a dynamic social construction linked to the interactions formed by local contexts with the perspectives of the protagonists and global social orientations. By looking at the ways in which sociability systems are constructed, at certain forms of juvenile aggregation such as teenage gangs, and at the socialisation modes in place in the neighbourhood and the school, we attempt to re-position deviant and delinquent activities in the framework of coherent social systems with the local and global rationales into which they are integrated. By grasping both the social reality of the neighbourhood and the way the school is confronted, from the inside, with a number of deviant and delinquent behaviours which are manifested in terms of violence in the school, we question the way the school interacts with its environment in terms of the construction of deviant and delinquent activities. The big disparity noted between a French and Brazilian social realities run counter to popular beliefs about the links between a violent environment and a school in a state of tension. We have identified structuring elements of school contexts which favour the emergence of deviant and delinquent practices both in and around the school, according to modalities which differ greatly between France and Brazil
Cailloux, Damien. "Les Mystères de l'Ouest : les représentations des bas-fonds portuaires dans l'ouest de la France (XIXe-XXe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H099/document.
Full textThe image of ill-reputed harbour is a common pattern in modern culture. It's built on harbour's slum, sailor's bender, prostitutes and docks, that define the representation of this area. This image echoes other places of misery, vice and crimes. The representation of those harbour's slums, that occupy specific neighborhoods in cities, are created by writers and journalists in mid-19th century. This image is also the legacy of negative vision of port, of buccaneering's stories and sailor's distrust. The harbour's slum is part of a broader universe : sailors with deviant behaviour, ill-reputed neighborhood, backward and dangerous province. During the first part of the 19th century, some places of the coastline have rough reputation but in the 1880's, the novelists, who discover sailor's bender, focus on ports. At the same time, journalists, social commentators and authorities focus on misery and insecurity. Seafarers, who claim his belongings to the slums, prostitutes, soldiers, the poor and criminals play a central role in the fascination and the condemnation of the harbour's slum. During the inter war period, the harbour's slum is seen as dying out. As the mystery vanishes, the nostalgia begins, that lasts after World War II
Trenta, Arnaud. "La participation associative dans les quartiers populaires : associations, problèmes publics et configurations politiques locales dans la périphérie urbaine de Paris et de Buenos Aires." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0928/document.
Full textThis thesis is situated at the intersection of two historical phenomena: the publicization of social problems and the transformation of activist commitment. The research undertaken has sought to explain, through an approach that is both local and international in scope, the rise of grassroots volunteering since the 1970s in working-class urban neighborhoods on the periphery of Paris and Buenos Aires. The first part presents an analysis of the various political theories which relate to the voluntary movement, and discusses their place within an empirical sociological study of grassroots volunteering. The intellectual genealogy of the notion of civil society is considered in relation to the appearance of modern democracy, in order to situate the rise of volunteerism in recent decades within a larger historical perspective. Attention is given to the emergence of three characteristic themes: the third sector, social capital, and activism. The second part relates volunteerism to socio-economic transformations within the working class and to the development of social policy at the local community level. The study of grassroots organization in France reveals the importance of possibilities created by the breakdown of the communist political system in certain Paris suburbs (banlieues rouges) along with increased state intervention in working-class neighborhoods through urban policy initiatives. An analysis of the activities and the workings of the grassroots organizations which appeared in these neighborhoods between the 1980s and the 2000s, reveals that these organizations had the capacity to self-organize for the purpose of addressing public problems at a local level, and that tensions resulted from partnership arrangements with local public authorities. In Argentina, consequences of the labor society’s weakening in terms of working-class social solidarity in neighborhoods on the outskirts of Buenos Aires are analyzed through the prism of grassroots organizations operating in the wake of social movements among unemployed workers (piqueteros). The grassroots organization’s role as an intermediary for social policy raises questions concerning the link between these popular movements and public authorities, and the possible redeployment of Peronist corporatism. The third part relates volunteer participation to historical transformations within the principal working-class political parties and to the changes observed in the local political landscape. In France, popular withdrawal from communism and the disassociation of the Party’s former “satellite organizations” are considered through an analysis of a grassroots organization composed primarily of former communist partisans. Their personal trajectories as activists, as well as the workings of their organization, reveal the causes of a change in the operative forms of political commitment and give rise to questions concerning the processes by which these local organizations are made autonomous of political systems. In Argentina, new links emerging between the Justicialist party and the working class are considered through the study of an organization founded by Peronist partisans in a context where political institutions are represented as lacking legitimacy. The adaptation of these political activists to grassroots volunteerism is likewise indicative of changes in the operative forms of political commitment and gives rise to questions concerning the proximity between grassroots organizations and political parties
Ortega-Trur, Carola. "Faire face à la pauvreté : approche comparative des zones urbaines défavorisées en France et au Pérou." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG004/document.
Full textBarriadas in Peru, Favelas in Brazil, Suburbios in Spain, Zones Urbaines Sensibles in France. Whatever is the country where they are located, these territories concentrate what the city rejects: populations in trouble, exposed more than others to the poverty and to the social exclusion. On the basis of two field studies, in Villa El Salvador, one of the largest slums in Lima, Peru, and in Borny, one of the poorest neighbourhoods in the Lorraine region of France, this research focuses on the processes leading to disadvantaged urban areas and on the decisive role of socioeconomic and political structures and relations in situations of poverty and social exclusion faced by the inhabitants. Using statistical tools and the verbal testimony of the people, this research highlights the peculiarities and the similarities of both districts as well as the individual and collective dynamics which allow them to face the poverty
Moussa, Kinda. "Pratiques et politiques sportives dans les quartiers sensibles : une approche monographique aux 3Cités à Poitiers." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919025.
Full textGodillon, Sylvanie. "La rénovation urbaine, une opportunité de réduire les inégalités socio-spatiales d'être impliqué dans un accident dans les espaces publics." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010619.
Full textOualhaci, Akim. "Corps, honneur, et domination dans les espaces urbains marginalisés en France et aux États-Unis : Comparaison de la marginalité urbaine et de la domination ethno-raciale à Paris et New York." Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100103.
Full textThis work is a comparative analysis of ethnoracial domination and urban marginality in the United States and France which aims to study two social spaces of relegation, the black ghetto in the U. S. And the working-class suburbs in France. To compare two urban areas in two different societies is to analyze the social mechanisms that allow their production and reproduction, by establishing a socio-historical analysis of the mechanisms and institutions that have led to the dehistoricization and sustainability of urban marginality and ethnoracial division, but also the mental representations, made from "above" and from "below" associated with it. The ethnographic study of bodybuilding and Thai boxing in the black American ghetto and the French working-class suburb has allowed us to account for the incorporation of the social through a bodily practice and its translation into social strategies. Because they have adopted a new cosmogony, the young men of working-class suburb and the black ghetto build a carnal solidarity in practice and reproduce the social honor of the group challenged by various social mechanisms of stigmatization and marginalization in a the context of job insecurity and unemployment. At the same time, these bodily practices prevent practitioners from getting involved in a deviant career because they occupy and fix the agents, and because they internalize a set of "values" that give a meaning and a direction to their everyday life
Legendre, Anne-Laure. "Explorer ce qui fait bien-être dans son cadre de vie : une recherche ancrée dans le vécu des habitants de quartiers défavorisés en France. Expérimentation d’une évaluation des impacts sur la santé comme vecteur d’un apprentissage collectif des liens entre santé, développement durable et urbanisme Évaluation des impacts sur la santé : d’une évaluation de l’évaluation à l’ouverture d’une discussion sur les impensés de la démarche Comprendre avant d'améliorer les conditions de vie de quartiers défavorisés:quels apports des approches ethnographiques? Penser le bien-être de son cadre de vie:ce que nous apporte l'étude de l'expérience vécue des habitants de différents quartiers défavorisés en France." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASU004.
Full textRegardless of our culture or way of life, we have to “live” somewhere, and for more than half of the world’s population, their life takes place in a city. Urban areas are attractive for many reasons, but they also concentrate many problems of pollution, poor health conditions and social challenges. Above all, it is clear that people do not benefit equally of good living conditions, and the distribution of urban quality reveals significant disparities. How then could we define what is a good living environment in favor of people’s wellbeing? Wellbeing is an ambiguous concept for which no unique and absolute indicator can ever be found, but the question of its assessment remains. Urban planning that designs and shapes the places we live in, public health with its definition of health as complete well-being, or philosophy that, since Aristote described what makes a life a “good life”, we have access to many ways of considering the concept of wellbeing. For epistemological and ethical reasons, we have chosen to study urban wellbeing starting from the people in their living environment. Our work focuses on the French designated “priority” neighborhoods, because of the spatial and social inequalities observed on those territories. This thesis is based on several participatory action-researches conducted with municipalities near Paris and La Rochelle about urban public actions and urban renovation programs. Our work is particularly underpinned by the realization of Health Impact Assessments (HIA) of two urban projects, for which we chose to experiment an open approach with the implication of municipal agents and local actors. The objective was also to research the conditions of collective learning about the links between health, wellbeing and urbanism. This work relies on literature data, but also on people’s experience of their living environment that we collected through ethnographical types of field survey. The stories that we gathered draw the attention to the relation between people and their neighborhood, and what really matters to them. They also enable us to understand the fact of living in a place as a total human experience, far from analytical approaches that tend to be compartmentalized into different predefined parameters. Inspired by relational sociology, we sought for regularities, forces and tensions in those different individual stories, and we argue that this enables us to overcome some of the difficulties that usually arise in concertation processes. It also enables to clarify the issues that the territory is facing, and to drive the discussions in the process of project assessment on the real experience of people in their neighborhoods. Finally, we have developed a heuristic framework to approach expressions of place attachment, that we considered as a proxy for wellbeing in this research. The categories that we found in the surveys (familiarity, integration, safety and comfort, control of one’s life, injustice, fulfillment) work together as a system and they differ completely from functionalist and utilitarian approaches that are still fully present in urban programs, public health or urban ecology. Studying the conditions of possibilities of place attachment and of the empowerment of people in their living environment opens very interesting perspectives to design and develop local policies, especially in the urban realm. Feelings of injustice are very present in the survey, and considering the real experience of people is the only way to understand where inequalities are experienced as unjust, an approach that we consider relevant to overcome the limits of a static analysis of inequalities based on statistics
Boukir, Kamel. "Les "cités" de Montrimond et ses "bandes de jeunes". Ethnographie des relations d'amitié, de complicité et d'inimitié dans la proche banlieue parisienne (1970-2015)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0050.
Full textAt the bottom of housing projects in Montrimond, young men gather in building entrances and public places. In this small city located in the ring of suburbs, next to Paris, a few adolescents and young adults see themselves as the “guys from the hood”. The “guys from the Belvedere” and the “guys from the Val” wander around in the so-called “sensitive neighborhoods” the city hall has labeled as such. This thesis shed light upon the lived experience and the meanings of this juvenile affiliation. What does that mean to “be a guy from the hood” on a daily basis? On which everyday activities this affiliation relies on? How some boys come to be morally bound together? Initially, the thesis investigates the historical and ecological aspects in the genesis of the so-called “sensitive neighborhoods.” It shows how youth came to embody a social phobia that yields the residents to see them as outsiders. Then, this social fear is related to the narrative of foundation youth tells their own origin. Through the order of generation upon which they tell the history of their “hood”, anyone can be assigned to a place of either an “ancestor,” an “elder” or a “young.” Here we describe the networks of friendships that shape those generational gatherings. In the interstices of educational institutions of the city, like family, school and youth center, those “guys” cultivate an esprit de corps with its own moral standards. This esprit de corps is the touchstone upon which they give rise to a moral world that revolves around three ethical figures: the friend, the partner in crime (accomplice) and the enemy. Finally, the thesis unfolds the psychosociological dynamics entailed in the metamorphosis of commitment friends are engaged in while becoming deviant (drug dealing, robbery, stick-ups, etc.). In the context of deviant careers, friends cannot believe anymore in the sincerity of their alter ego. Facing the possibility of disloyalty, scam and snitch, they start doubting the honesty that was at the core of their mutual respect. In this distrust process, the ethical and emotional vulnerability undermines the faith in the future, engaging each other in a vicious circle of predicting the betrayal of the old friend. Some would go as far as killing a would-be enemy, others would be cruel in retaliation when certain would withdraw from violence to save their sense of humanity
Dudt, Muriel. "Dynamiques des relations filles-garçons dans les quartiers populaires : la solidarité en tension : une comparaison franco-allemande." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG028.
Full textThis PhD thesis aims at studying the dynamics of the relationships between boys and girls – descendants of migrants – living in two deprived neighborhoods, in France and Germany, in which specific public policies have been implemented: the “politique de la ville” in France, and the “Soziale Stadt” in Germany. The originality of this research resides in the fact that gender relations are analyzed considering a tension between solidarity and competition. The analysis, based on life stories and on a multi-sited ethnography, underlines the effects of the educational strategies of the parents, of the school and work experiences of the children, as well as of their involvement in more or less gender egalitarian “normative poles” in their neighborhood, on the dynamics of solidarity and competition. Solidarity between boys and girls seems to be a useful resource during the transition into adulthood. It is especially used in order fight different kinds of domination. Solidarity is not fixed, but dynamic. It appears and disappears, must be negociated and re-negociated, changes its form depending of the contexts and interactions. It is what I call a solidarité en tension
Chebroux, Jean-Bernard. "Le déclin des communes de grands ensembles : effets de la forme urbaine ou de la ségrégation sociale ?" Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0330/document.
Full textIn France, since the 2000s, weekly urban riots, and almost daily sometimes, sign accentuation so quantitative as qualitative of the ghettoization of marginalized sectors of cities. It is in particular in the complexes of the massive urbanization of the years 1950-1970, the grands ensembles d'habitat, that the phenomenon of modern ghetto can define itself. In spite of undeniable qualities of comfort and size of housing, with regard to the pre-war standards, numerous characteristics of production, populating and management engendered a defective housing environment. This one was able at first to arouse the boredom, the stress and the marginalization compared with the environment. From 1970s, increasing social tensions developed with the spatial concentration of the households most in socioeconomic difficulties. The analysis of the fate of territories of complexes in a scale wider than that of the most degraded internal sectors, as that of their little town of membership (seven studied little towns of grands ensembles), shows that the diverse aspects of the ghettoization confront under convergent forms in these sectors in spite of higher urban attributes (activities, developments and diverse equipments). The processes of material, economic, social and symbolic degradation which know these towns evoke an urban social decline, a notion from which is approached the social segregation which is a multi-form causal phenomenon. The extension of the scale of apprehension of the social degradation of spaces allows an advanced analysis, between its ideological and political frame, its social motivations and the multiplicity of its appearances, at the institutional level and the social practices. The social and urban segregation of the least qualified categories is then translated by their marginalization of the socioeconomic system, by their spatial banishment in little valued and badly managed zones, by their uneven access to the equipments of integration and social advancement as well as by the stigmatization of their housing environment and their avoidance by the superior categories, in particular of the private, in search of one to protect itself from the loss of social position. What contributes to widen the field of the social inequalities of the space, as long as the social decline of the least valued residential spaces will continue to occur because of the increase of the segregationist conducts in the urban environment
Delon, Margot. "Les incidences biographiques de la ségrégation : trajectoires et mémoires des enfants des bidonvilles et cités de transit de l’après-guerre en France." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0012.
Full textWhat has become of children living in slums in Post-War France? Drawing from an investigation based on interviews, observations, archive work and statistics, I analyze in this dissertation the experiences and trajectories of individuals of Algerian, Moroccan and Portuguese descent who grew up in slums in Nanterre and Champigny-sur-Marne slums (Île-de-France region). I explain what it may have meant to live all these years in such a deprived, segregated and stigmatized form of housing and I insist on the diversity of residential experiences and of socialization effects. Indeed, previous slum children have known various trajectories and they don’t interpret this episode in the same way. Four profiles are analyzed: the reproduction of inequalities, the moderate mobilities, the reproduction of isolation, the upward trajectories. Two series of factor explain these differences. First, these families have first been targeted by national and local policies of housing and migration. By categorizing and treating differently slums depending on their inhabitants’ origins and on their location, these public policies have had very important short, mean and long time effects. Second, the trajectories have also been formed by their parents’ pre-migration resources and dispositions and by the relational contexts they evolved in while being in slums
Guermoudi, Zohra. "Intégration socio-spatiale de trois cités HLM en voie de dégradation dans leur quartier (cas de Plan d'Aou à Saint-Antoine, Castellane et la Bricarde à Verduron Marseille)." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX23002.
Full textNow in france, quarters of social habitations know a problem of degradation at different grades. For some of them, it calls in question again some norms and to resolve the problem of repairs and reparations. For the others, the degradation concerns physic frame as condition of social life. Different reasons explain this phenomenon. Social lodgings constructed twenty years ago, have been realized rapidly, works of industry of building structure, and their frame of life suffers a lot of negligences. Besides, their localization in periphery and insufficient junctions integrate badly this habitat at the town. Marseille knows this phenomenon and now, the town takes into consideration a great part of its patrimony, to safeguard it. The three quarters, plan d'aou, castellane and la bricarde localized in the north of marseille illustrate our problematic and constitute a example. Our problematic is to reveal the way of degradation and to analyze means to safeguard this patrimony, particularly by the rehabilitation of social habitat