Journal articles: 'Quasi-static loading conditions'

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Marzec, I., and J. Tejchman. "Computational modelling of concrete behaviour under static and dynamic conditions." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bpasts-2013-0007.

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Abstract The paper presents results of FE simulations of the concrete behaviour under quasi-static and dynamic loading. For quasi-static cyclic analyses, an enhanced coupled elasto-plastic-damage constitutive model has been used. To take the effect of the loading velocity into account, viscous and inertial terms have been also included. To ensure the mesh-independence and to properly reproduce strain localization in the entire range of strain rates, a constitutive formulation has been enhanced by a characteristic length of micro-structure by means of a non-local theory. Numerical results have been compared with some corresponding laboratory tests

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Bozhevolnaya, Elena, and Ole Thybo Thomsen. "Structurally graded core junctions in sandwich beams: quasi static loading conditions." Composite Structures 70, no. 1 (August 2005): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.08.030.

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Csomós, Zilia, and János Lukács. "Fatigue Crack Growth Tests on Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composite." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.189.

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E-glass fibre reinforced polyester matrix composite was investigated, which was made by pullwinding process. Round three point bending (RTPB) specimens were tested under quasi-static and mode I cyclic loading conditions. Load vs. displacement (F-f), load vs. crack opening displacement (F-v) and crack opening displacement range vs. number of cycles (ΔCOD-N) curves were registered and analysed. Interfacial cracks were caused the final longitudinal fracture of the specimens under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions.

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Liu, Yang, and Shaoyi Zhang. "Damage Localization of Beam Bridges Using Quasi-Static Strain Influence Lines Based on the BOTDA Technique." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 15, 2018): 4446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124446.

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The diagnosis of damage in a bridge superstructure using quasi-static strain influence lines (ILs) is promising. However, it is challenging to accurately localize the damage in a bridge superstructure due to limited numbers of strain IL measurement points and inconsistencies between the loading conditions before and after damage. To address the above issues, the Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) technique is first applied to bridge damage localization using quasi-static strain ILs, and the number of strain IL measurement points is substantially increased. Additionally, a damage localization index based on quasi-static strain ILs that is independent of differences in the loading conditions before and after damage is proposed to localize damage in the superstructure of a beam bridge. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through both numerical analysis and measured data from a quasi-static test of a model bridge.

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Zeng, Cong, Bin Wu, Guoshan Xu, Zhen Wang, and Tianlin Pan. "Dual – loop force – displacement mixed control strategy and its application on the quasi – static test." Engineering review 38, no. 3 (2018): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30765/er.38.3.6.

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The Quasi-static test is a well-known powerful methodology to evaluate the seismic performance of structural components and systems. One of the most important challenges in the Quasi-static testing is to achieve precise boundary conditions, especially for the axial loading of vertical components. The requirement of synchronized displacement loading and target axial force formed a pair of contradiction. A dual-loop force-displacement mixed control strategy is proposed. The presented approach is successfully verified through the quasi-static testing for a full-scale concrete filled steel tube column. The control targets are achieved with an excellent control performance.

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Nozères, Frédéric, Hervé Couque, Rémi Boulanger, Yann Quirion, Patrice Bailly, and Jérôme Limido. "Numerical modelling strategies using implicit and explicit methods to simulate quasi-static and dynamic three-points bend fracture tests of a ductile steel." EPJ Web of Conferences 250 (2021): 02033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202125002033.

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Three-point bend fracture tests have been conducted at different loading rates with a quadratic martensitic steel. The failure energy has been found to increase with loading rate. To get insights in this increase a numerical investigation has been undertaken with different strategies using ABAQUS and IMPETUS softwares in order to address quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. Simulations were conducted with the ABAQUS software in order to carry out a comparative analysis of both implicit and explicit approaches. In addition to standard Finite Element Method (FEM) applied to quasi-static and dynamic conditions, the eXtended-Finite Element Method (X-FEM) was applied to quasistatic conditions. In both approaches, implicit and explicit, crack initiation and propagation were governed by a critical plastic strain threshold combined with a displacement-based damage evolution criterion. Simulations conducted with the IMPETUS software use an explicit approach and second order elements for both quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. A node-splitting method using an energy-based damage criterion was employed to simulate the crack initiation and propagation. Experimental data and numerical results have been compared, allowing to determine the ability of these two softwares to simulate accurately three-point bend fracture tests.

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Osnes, Karoline, Odd Sture Hopperstad, and Tore Børvik. "Quasi-Static and Dynamic Testing of Annealed Float Glass." Proceedings 2, no. 8 (June 29, 2018): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/icem18-05412.

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Three different experimental set-ups were employed in the investigation of the fracture strength of annealed float glass. These included four-point bending tests on three different specimen sizes, and quasi-static and dynamic pressure tests. The latter tests were conducted in a shock tube, i.e., a device that produces pressure loadings similar to that from a far-field blast event. The experimental work demonstrated that the fracture strength of glass varies largely within the same test set-up. It also revealed that the fracture strength and its scatter are dependent on the size of the specimen, the boundary conditions and the loading situation. By employing a newly proposed strength prediction model, which relies on the physical fracture behaviour of glass, the trends observed in the experiments were correctly recreated.

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Hu, Wen Jun, Xi Cheng Huang, Fang Ju Zhang, and Yong Mei Chen. "Compression Tests of Polycarbonate under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 442 (October 2013): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.442.125.

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Strain rate response of polycarbonate was investigated under uniaxial compression at different rates of strain ranging from 0.0001/sec to about 8200/sec and different temperature ranging from 145k to about 423k. A split Hopkinson pressure bar was used to determine the dynamic compressive responses. A pulse-shaping technique was employed in dynamic compression experiment to ensure that valid experimental conditions were satisfied. Results show that, compared with quasi-static behavior, dynamic compression results in significantly higher compressive strengths for polycarbonate materials.

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Weidenmann, Kay André, Eberhard Kerscher, Volker Schulze, and Detlef Löhe. "Mechanical Properties of Compound-Extruded Aluminium-Matrix Profiles under Quasi-Static Loading Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 10 (February 2006): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.10.23.

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Compound-extruded unidirectionally reinforced lightweight profiles are a novel class of materials for the realisation of load-bearing structures. They may be fabricated in a flexible and rapid near-net-shape process. The authors present investigations of the reinforcing effect of wires in compound-extruded aluminum profiles under quasi-static tension and compression. In particular, the compounds were characterized by metallographic examinations focusing on the fracture morphology. Furthermore, specimens subject to compression tests were examined using micro computer tomography (µ-CT) and light microscopy (LM). It is shown, that the mechanical properties of wire-reinforced profiles are improved under both positive and negative quasi-static loads in comparison to non-reinforced profiles.

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Zhang, Wen Hao, Qing Qian, Zong Bao Shen, You Juan Ma, and Hui Xia Liu. "Numerical Simulation Study of Quasi-Static Loading and Dynamic Loading for Micro Bending Forming of Copper Foil." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.503.

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A variety of micro forming processes has been invented, and the size effects have become a research hotspot at home and abroad. Micro bending molds with different feature sizes were designed. Quasi-static tester loading and dynamic laser shock loading with soft punch for micro bending forming was studied by numerical simulation respectively based on ANSYS implicit analysis and LS-DYNA explicit analysis. The constitutive models of workpiece are bilinear kinematic hardening model and Johnson-cook model respectively. The effects of different loading conditions and feature sizes of the die on the forming depth, equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate were studied. The results of numerical simulation show that, with the increasing of feature size of the mold, the forming depth under two kinds of loading conditions shows a tendency to increase. In dynamic laser shock loading, the equivalent plastic strain and equivalent plastic strain rate of the key position of the bent part would decrease with the increasing of the feature size of the die. While in quasi-static loading, the opposite law is shown. The research shows that, the flexible micro-bending processes with different loading models showed similar size effect. However, compared with quasi-static loading, in dynamic loading, the strain of forming parts is more centralized, and there is a high strain rate and better formability of the workpiece.

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Johannesson, Tomas, and Martin Distner. "Dynamic Loading of Synchronous Belts." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 1 (May 1, 2000): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1426088.

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In automotive timing belt drives friction history effects must be taken into concern due to rapidly changing loads. Here a spring based model capable of handling dynamic load conditions is presented. The model also covers partial meshing effects and utilizes Coulomb friction. The model shows good agreement with experimental data found in literature. It is proven that when simulating synchronous belt drives during rapidly changing load conditions, using models for quasi-static load conditions stepwise are not sufficient.

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Watanabe, Masaaki. "Criteria of Dynamic Crack Initiation." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 1 (March 1, 1994): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901410.

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A criteria of dynamic crack initiation is proposed as Klcdyn=Klcσcdyn.σctq.s.tαS/2 for t≤tq.s., where Klcdyn. is the dynamic critical stress intensity factor for initiation and Klc, the static fracture toughness. σc and σcdyn. are critical stresses for a growth of microcracks generated at the tip of a crack, in quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions, respectively. tq.s. is the characteristic time of quasi-static growth of a crack and t is a loading time. αs is a positive number. This criteria is compared with various different experiments and found to be in qualitative agreement with them.

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Moćko, Wojciech, Cezary Kostrzewski, and Adam Brodecki. "Anisotropic properties of Ti6Al4V titanium sheet under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions." Materials Today: Proceedings 4, no. 5 (2017): 5883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.063.

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Ali, Hafiz, and Abdul Khaliq. "Characterization of Failure Surfaces of Epoxy Adhesive Under Varying Quasi-Static Loading Conditions." Microscopy and Microanalysis 26, S2 (July 30, 2020): 1082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192762001689x.

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Cao, Guoxin, Yu Qiao, Qulan Zhou, and Xi Chen. "Water infiltration behaviours in carbon nanotubes under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions." Molecular Simulation 34, no. 10-15 (September 2008): 1267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927020802175225.

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Tippur, H. V., and L. Xu. "INTERFACIAL CRACK INITIATION UNDER QUASI-STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING CONDITIONS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 20, no. 1 (January 1997): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00401.x.

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Porcaro, R., A. G. Hanssen, M. Langseth, and A. Aalberg. "The behaviour of a self-piercing riveted connection under quasi-static loading conditions." International Journal of Solids and Structures 43, no. 17 (August 2006): 5110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.10.006.

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Razanica, Senad, Lennart B. Josefson, Ragnar Larsson, and Torsten Sjögren. "Validation of the ductile fracture modeling of CGI at quasi-static loading conditions." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 30, no. 9 (April 7, 2021): 1400–1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789521997545.

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Fracture modeling and experimental validation of Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI) specimens loaded under quasi-static conditions at room temperature are considered. Continuum damage mechanics coupled to plasticity is adopted to describe the evolution of damage. The damage production is based on a recently developed rate dependent damage evolution law, where the damage–plasticity coupling is modeled based on a damage driving energy that involves both stored energy and plasticity contributions. To describe ductile fracture accounting for stress triaxiality on the damage initiation, the inelastic contribution to the damage driving energy is controlled by the Johnson-Cook failure criterion. Three different damage models are defined based on elastic/inelastic damage driving energies. The damage models are validated against experiments on a set of notched specimens made of CGI with different notch geometries, where the global force-displacement curves and corresponding strain fields are obtained using digital image correlation technology. It is shown from the testing and the simulations that plastic strains generally need to be accounted for in order to properly describe the different failure processes of the CGI specimens. In addition, the ductile damage model is shown to more accurately predict the experimental force-displacement response as compared to the more simplistic stress drop, element deletion technique.

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Hamilton, Brenden W., Michael N. Sakano, Chunyu Li, and Alejandro Strachan. "Chemistry Under Shock Conditions." Annual Review of Materials Research 51, no. 1 (July 26, 2021): 101–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-080819-120123.

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Shock loading takes materials from ambient conditions to extreme conditions of temperature and nonhydrostatic stress on picosecond timescales. In molecular materials the fast loading results in temporary nonequilibrium conditions with overheated low-frequency modes and relatively cold, high-frequency, intramolecular modes; coupling the shock front with the material's microstructure and defects results in energy localization in hot spots. These processes can conspire to lead to a material response not observed under quasi-static loads. This review focuses on chemical reactions induced by dynamical loading, the understanding of which requires bringing together materials science, shock physics, and condensed matter chemistry. Recent progress in experiments and simulations holds the key to the answer of long-standing grand challenges with implications for the initiation of detonation and life on Earth.

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Sánchez-Molina, David, Silvia García-Vilana, Juan Velázquez-Ameijide, and C. Arregui-Dalmases. "PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT FOR CLAVICLE FRACTURE UNDER COMPRESSION LOADING: RATE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 32, no. 05 (October 2020): 2050040. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237220500404.

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Pedestrians, motorcyclists, and occupants of vehicle involved in side impacts can suffer lateral impacts at the shoulder with sufficiently high forces to fracture the clavicle. While some previous studies have developed a force tolerance for the clavicle, this study examines the clavicle under compression forces, both under dynamic and quasi-static loading conditions and then the experimental fracture patterns are compared with those identified in actual road traffic crashes. The quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted in 24 clavicles from 14 donors aged 14–56 (11 males and 3 females, mean age [Formula: see text]). Clavicles were tested under compression forces until complete fracture. Probability of fracture is around 50% for 2335[Formula: see text]N in the quasi-static case (low strain rate) and 3045[Formula: see text]N in the dynamic case (high strain rate). In addition, risk curves for fracture have been computed from the sample. The experiments showed large differences in the peak force both in quasi-static ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N) and dynamic ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]N) tests, but the displacement at the peak force was very similar ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in quasi-static and [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm in dynamic tests). Thus, a stiffer behavior of the specimens was observed for the dynamic tests. The Probability Density Function for dynamic and quasi-static cases differ significantly ([Formula: see text]-value [Formula: see text]). The fracture patterns were consistent with principles of structural mechanics, predicting that the fracture will occur at points near to the highest bending moment point, and with the fractures observed in real road crashes.

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Stropek, Zbigniew, and Krzysztof Gołacki. "Viscoelastic response of apple flesh in a wide range of mechanical loading rates." International Agrophysics 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2018): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/intag-2017-0023.

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Abstract The cylindrical samples of ‘Beni Shogun’ apples cultivar in a range of deformation velocities from 0.0002 to 1 m s−1 were studied using stress relaxation tests. In the work, experimental courses of the force response were described via the Maxwell model, and the effects of deformation velocity on the Maxwell model parameters as well as the maximum and residual force were determined. The maximum force increased with the increase of the deformation velocity, which proved the response of apple flesh to be of viscoelastic nature. The residual force described the state of the material after the strain and was much higher under the quasi-static than impact loading conditions. The three relaxation times decreased with the increasing deformation velocity. For the shortest relaxation time (order of magnitude 0.1 s) there was a rapid decrease in the velocities under the quasi-static loading conditions and it remained on a steady and low level under the impact loading conditions. A definite limit was observed between the medium relaxation time (order of magnitude 1 s) for the lowest deformation velocity of 0.0002 m s−1 and the other relaxation times obtained at higher deformation velocities. The values of the longest relaxation time (order of magnitude 100 s) were much larger under the quasi-static than the impact loading conditions.

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Broughton, W. R., Michael R. L. Gower, Maria J. Lodeiro, Gordon D. Pilkington, and Richard M. Shaw. "Assessment of Quasi-Static and Fatigue Loaded Notched GRP Laminates Using Digital Image Correlation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 24-25 (June 2010): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.24-25.407.

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This paper presents the results of an experimental study carried out to assess the effects of cumulative damage on the strain response of open-hole (notched) quasi-isotropic [45/0/-45/90]4s E-glass/913 epoxy laminate specimens under quasi-static tension, and constant amplitude tension-tension, compression-compression and tension-compression cyclic loading conditions. In-plane surface strain was measured as a function of applied load and loading cycles for quasi-static and cyclic loading respectively using digital image correlation (DIC) and compared with strain gauge, fibre Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensor and contact extensometer strain measurements. DIC proved successful in monitoring local (near the hole) and global strains, providing critical information on the changes in strain distribution resulting from damage formation and growth incurred.

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Beyer, Katrin, and Alessandro Dazio. "Quasi-Static Monotonic and Cyclic Tests on Composite Spandrels." Earthquake Spectra 28, no. 3 (August 2012): 885–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.4000058.

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In modern unreinforced masonry (URM) walls, the vertical piers are connected at the story levels by reinforced concrete (RC) ring beams—also known as bond beams—or RC slabs. Particularly, in the outer walls, the spandrel element also includes a masonry spandrel on top of the RC beam or slab (“composite” spandrel). Numerical simulations have shown that spandrels significantly influence the global behavior of the URM building when subjected to seismic loading. Despite their importance, experimental data on the cyclic behavior of composite spandrels were lacking. This paper presents the results of an experimental campaign on five composite spandrels. Each test unit consisted of an RC beam, a masonry spandrel and the adjacent masonry piers required for applying realistic boundary conditions to the spandrel. The investigated parameters included the type of loading, the brick type and the reinforcement content of the RC beam.

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Martinez, M., B. Rocha, M. Li, G. Shi, A. Beltempo, R. Rutledge, and M. Yanishevsky. "Load monitoring of aerospace structures utilizing micro-electro-mechanical systems for static and quasi-static loading conditions." Smart Materials and Structures 21, no. 11 (September 14, 2012): 115001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/21/11/115001.

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Zhong, Wei Zhou, Xi Cheng Huang, Zhi Ming Hao, Ruo Ze Xie, and Gang Chen. "Energy Absorption of Spruce Wood under Three Kinds of Quasi-Static Compression Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3.

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The curves of stress versus strain along spruce wood axial, radial and tangential directions are gained by static compression experiments. Moisture content and density of the spruce wood are 12.72% and 413 kg/m3respectively. The results indicate that spruce compression process includes elastic, yield and compaction phases. Failure modes of spruce subjected to axial compression are fiber buckling and wrinkle. And failure modes under radial or tangential compression are wood fiber slippage and delamination. Axial compression yield strength is about nine times as that of radial and tangential compression. Radial and tangential compression yield strengths are almost equal. Energy absorption efficiency and ideality energy absorption efficiency of spruce along different loading directions are analyzed. And theory analytic solution to single wood cell buckling under axial compression is done. The obtained expression shows that the mean limit loading is relative to yield stress, cell structure dimension and wrinkle length for complete wrinkle cases.

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Zhang, Fa, Li Min Jin, and Bao Zhong Sun. "A Comparative Experimental Investigation of 3D Angle-Interlock Woven Composite between Quasi-Static Tension and Three-Point Bending Loading Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.818.

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As one new kind of 3D textile structural composite which has a strong potential in the application field of structural engineering, the mechanical behavior of 3D angle-interlock woven composite (3DAWC) needs to be extensively investigated. In this paper, a comparative experimental analysis of 3DAWC between quasi-static tension and three-point bending loading conditions were described, which has not been well studied so far. To evaluate the mechanical properties of the 3DAWC, the stress-strain/deflection curves were obtained under quasi-static tension and three-point bending loading, respectively. Furthermore, the Young’s modulus and peak values in stress were also compared. All of these results show that the 3DAWC has good integral performance.

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Almaskari, Fahad, and Farrukh Hafeez. "Study on behaviour of geometrically scaled glass reinforced epoxy tubes subjected to non-coincident quasi static-indentation." International Journal of Structural Integrity 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 675–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-12-2017-0078.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the behaviour of glass reinforced epoxy tubes subjected to repeated indentation loads at two non-coincident indentations 180° apart. Design/methodology/approach Four geometrically scaled specimens ranging from 100 to 400 mm diameter were used in repeated indentation tests. Force, displacement and damage growth were recorded for loading and unloading until the indenter returned to its original starting point. Findings Similar scaled trends were observed between the non-coincidental loadings. Unlike reported response form coincidental loadings, the responses from non-coincidental loadings yield lower values for bending stiffness and peak load. Research limitations/implications The differences in behaviour of the specimen between non-coincident loadings were attributed to reductions in fracture toughness and circumferential modulus. Practical implications Distant non-interacting damage and delamination around the circumference does reduce the structural performance. Originality/value Behaviour of composite tubes under different loading conditions, for example low speed impact or quasi static indentation, is widely studied, however little attention has been given to the repeated loading incidents.

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Perogamvros, Nikolaos, George Lampeas, and Adrian Murphy. "Experimental Investigation of Fastener Pull-out Response in Composite Joints under Static and Dynamic Loading Rates." Applied Composite Materials 26, no. 5-6 (August 27, 2019): 1349–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-019-09784-4.

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Abstract A novel device is adopted in order to experimentally investigate the effect of various loading rates on the pull-out response of a fastened composite joint configuration. The joint coupons comprise a composite plate made of the carbon/epoxy AS4/8552 material system and a centrally located titanium lockbolt. Tensile-type (pull) loading was applied to the specimens in a velocity range from quasi-static to 2.1 m/s. Both quasi-static and dynamic tests were conducted using the same specimen geometry and boundary conditions, which conform to international and industrial standards. The experimental work expands the limited literature and understanding of the mechanical response of composite pull-out joints under the action of dynamic loading. The main experimental observations revealed an increase of 15% regarding maximum load values when loading rate shifts from the static to the impact regime, while the failure patterns derived from static and dynamic tests were similar, although the latter presented a more intense damage zone.

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Abdullah, Muhammad A'imullah, Mohammad Reza Arjmandi, Seyed Saeid Rahimian Koloor, King Jye Wong, and Mohd Nasir Tamin. "Interlaminar Damage Behavior of CFRP Composite Laminates under Cyclic Shear Loading Conditions." Advanced Materials Research 1125 (October 2015): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1125.121.

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This paper provides quantitative description of interlaminar damage process in CFRP composite laminates under cyclic shear loading. Quasi-static end-notched flexural (ENF) test on 16-ply CFRP composite laminate beam, [0]16 and its complementary validated FE model provide the reference “no-interlaminar damage” condition. Two identical ENF samples were fatigue to 50000 cycles, but at different load amplitude of 90 and 180 N, respectively (Load ratio, R = 0.1) to induce selectively property degradation at the interface crack front region. Subsequent quasi-static ENF tests establish the characteristic of the interlaminar damage degradation. The residual peak load for the fatigued ENF samples is measured at 1048 and 914 N for the load amplitude of 90 and 180 N, respectively. Cyclic interlaminar shear damage is represented by a linear degradation of the residual critical energy release rate, GIIC with the accumulated damage. Reasonably close comparisons of the predicted residual load-displacement responses with measured curves serve to verify the suitability of the assumed bilinear traction-separation law for the cyclic cohesive zone model (CCZM) used.

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Sta˚hle, P. "Elastic-Plastic Tip Field for a Stationary Crack in a Reinforced Thin Sheet." Journal of Applied Mechanics 60, no. 1 (March 1, 1993): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2900752.

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Clay, Stephen B., and Philip M. Knoth. "Experimental results of quasi-static testing for calibration and validation of composite progressive damage analysis methods." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 10 (July 15, 2016): 1333–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316658539.

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The Air Force Research Laboratory directed a research program to evaluate nine different composite progressive damage analysis methods under both quasi-static and fatigue loading. This paper describes the coupon tests that were performed at the Air Force Research Laboratory for calibration and validation of the methods under quasi-static conditions. The basic elastic and failure properties of unidirectional IM7/977-3 graphite/epoxy were first determined in order to properly calibrate the models. Validation tests were then performed on unnotched and open-hole coupons with three different laminate stacking sequences under both tension and compression loading conditions. This paper summarizes these experimental results and provides X-ray computed tomography images at subcritical load levels.

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Hamdan, S., W. Dwianto, T. Morooka, and M. Norimoto. "Fitting parameters for softening of wet wood under quasi static loading." Holzforschung 58, no. 2 (March 15, 2004): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2004.019.

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Abstract This work calculates the parameters that can be fitted to experimental data on compressive tests of selected softwoods and hardwoods. The woods were subjected to temperatures between 0°C and 100°C during severe radial compression. The parameters of m, c and k under the different conditions can be expressed by a constitutive equation. For most woods, parameter k (related to the Poisson's ratio) is approximately 1 except for Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim (inushide) and Aesculus turninata Blume (tochinoki). Parameter m ranges between 0.8–1 except for Pinus densiflora Seib. et Zucc. (akamatsu pine) (1.2–1.6) and Pinus elliottii Engelm (slash pine) (from 2.1 down to 1.8). Parameter c ranges between 0.2–1.5 depending on the viscoelastic properties of the cell wall for both hardwood and softwood.

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Razavi, SMJ, MR Ayatollahi, M. Samari, and LFM da Silva. "Effect of interface non-flatness on the fatigue behavior of adhesively bonded single lap joints." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 7 (November 6, 2017): 1277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420717739551.

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This paper addresses numerical and experimental examination of the role of zigzag interface shapes on the load bearing capacity and fatigue life of adhesively bonded single lap joints. Aluminum adherends with non-flat zigzag interfaces were tested under both quasi-static and fatigue loading conditions. The quasi-static test results revealed that the non-flat adhesive joints have higher load bearing capacity compared to the conventional flat single lap joints. Comparative fatigue tests with different loading levels revealed that the non-flat zigzag single lap joint had considerably higher fatigue life than the conventional lap joint.

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Sheikh, Muhammad, Ahmed Elmarakbi, and Mustafa Elkady. "Thermal runaway detection of cylindrical 18650 lithium-ion battery under quasi-static loading conditions." Journal of Power Sources 370 (December 2017): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.10.013.

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RYBNICEK, JAN, RALF LACH, WOLFGANG GRELLMANN, MONIKA LAPCIKOVA, MIROSLAV SLOUF, ZDENEK KRULIS, EVGENYI ANISIMOV, and JIRI HAJEK. "Ternary PC/ABS/PMMA blends — morphology and mechanical properties under quasi-static loading conditions." Polimery 57, no. 2 (February 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.2012.087.

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Golasiński, Karol Marek, Jacek Janiszewski, Judyta Sienkiewicz, Tomasz Płociński, Maciej Zubko, Paweł Świec, and Elżbieta Alicja Pieczyska. "Quasi-Static and Dynamic Compressive Behavior of Gum Metal: Experiment and Constitutive Model." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 52, no. 10 (August 11, 2021): 4558–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-021-06409-z.

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AbstractThe quasi-static and high strain rate compressive behavior of Gum Metal with composition Ti-36Nb-2Ta-3Zr-0.3O (wt pct) has been investigated using an electromechanical testing machine and a split Hopkinson pressure bar, respectively. The stress–strain curves obtained for Gum Metal tested under monotonic and dynamic loadings revealed a strain-softening effect which intensified with increasing strain rate. Moreover, the plastic flow stress was observed to increase for both static and dynamic loading conditions with increasing strain rate. The microstructural characterization of the tested Gum Metal specimens showed particular deformation mechanisms regulating the phenomena of strain hardening and strain softening, namely an adiabatic shear band formed at ~ 45 deg with respect to the loading direction as well as widely spaced deformation bands (kink bands). Dislocations within the channels intersecting with twins may cause strain hardening while recrystallized grains and kink bands with crystal rotation inside the grains may lead to strain softening. A constitutive description of the compressive behavior of Gum Metal was proposed using a modified Johnson–Cook model. Good agreement between the experimental and the numerical data obtained in the work was achieved.

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Zhiming, Yang, Liu Jinxu, Feng Xinya, Li Shukui, Xu Yuxin, and Ren Jie. "Investigation on mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of basalt fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites under different loading conditions." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 14 (September 28, 2017): 1907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317733807.

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Basalt fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites with different fiber contents (i.e. 0 wt%, 10 wt%, 30 wt% and 50 wt%) were prepared by hot-press sintering. Microstructure analysis indicates that basalt fibers are uniformly distributed in 10% basalt fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite. The interfacial bonding between basalt fibers and aluminum matrix is good, and there is no interface reaction between basalt fiber and aluminum matrix. Quasi-static tensile, quasi-static compression and dynamic compression properties of basalt fiber reinforced aluminum composites were studied, and the influences of basalt fiber content on mechanical properties were discussed. Meanwhile, the failure mechanisms of basalt fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites with different fiber content were analyzed.

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Soleimani, Sayed Mohamad, and Sajjad Sayyar Roudsari. "Analytical Study of Reinforced Concrete Beams Tested under Quasi-Static and Impact Loadings." Applied Sciences 9, no. 14 (July 16, 2019): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9142838.

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During dynamic events (such as impact forces), structures fail to absorb the incoming energy and catastrophic collapse may occur. Impact and quasi-static tests were carried out on reinforced concrete beams with and without externally bounded sprayed and fabric glass fiber-reinforced polymers. For impact loading, a fully instrumented drop-weight impact machine with a capacity of 14.5 kJ was used. The drop height and loading rate were varied. The load-carrying capacity of reinforced concrete beams under impact loading was obtained using instrumented anvil supports (by summing the support reactions). In quasi-static loading conditions, the beams were tested in three-point loading using a Baldwin Universal Testing Machine. ABAQUS FEA software was used to model some of the tested reinforced concrete beams. It was shown that the stiffness of reinforced concrete beams decreases with increasing drop height. It was also shown that applying sprayed glass fiber-reinforced polymers (with and without mechanical stiffeners) and fabric glass fiber-reinforced polymers on the surface of reinforced concrete beams increased the stiffness. Results obtained from the software analyses were in good agreement with the laboratory test results.

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Máca, Petr, Petr Konvalinka, and Manfred Curbach. "Behaviour of Different Types of Concrete under Impact and Quasi-Static Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.295.

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This paper describes mixture formulation of Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) with 2% of fibres by volume and its response to quasi-static and dynamic impact loading. The UHPFRC mixture was prepared using locally available constituents and no special curing or mixing methods were used for its production. In addition, the mechanical parameters of three other types of concrete, i.e. normal strength concrete (NSC), fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) and high performance concrete (HPC) is compared. The main properties assessed throughout the experimental work are compressive, flexural and direct tensile strength as well as response of tested concretes to impact flexural loading. The impact loading is produced by a vertically falling weight of 24 kg from the height of 1 m on concrete prisms. The strain rate increase corresponds to low-velocity impacts such as vehicle crash or falling rocks. Compressive strength of UHPFRC exceeded 130 MPa and its direct tensile strength was 10.3 MPa. This type of concrete also exhibited strain hardening both in flexure under quasi-static conditions and during impact. Based on the comparison of impact reactions, it was concluded that the resistance of UHPFRC to impact loading is superior compared to the referent types of concretes (NSC, FRC, HPC).

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Forcellese, Archimede, Edoardo Mancini, Marco Sasso, and Michela Simoncini. "Evaluation of Friction at High Strain Rate using the Split Hopkinson Bar." Key Engineering Materials 651-653 (July 2015): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.651-653.108.

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The present work aims at studying the influence of strain rate on the frictional behaviour of AA7075 aluminium alloy in the O-annealed temper state. To this purpose, ring compression tests were performed both under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions. The high strain rate tests were carried out by means of the Split Hopkinson Tension-Compression Bar in the direct version. In both cases, hollow cylindrical samples, characterised by an initial outer diameter to inner diameter to height ratio of 6:3:2, were tested under dry condition and by lubricating with molybdenum disulphide grease. The different frictional behaviour exhibited by AA7075-O under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions can be attributed to the strain rate effect both on the plastic flow behaviour of the deformed material, and on the thickness of the lubricant film.

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Yossif, S. "FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF ELASTIC AND QUASI – STATIC CRACK PROPAGATION UNDER MIXED MODE LOADING CONDITIONS." International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 17, no. 17 (April 1, 2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/amme.2016.35385.

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Velea, Marian N., and Simona Lache. "Energy absorption of all-PET 2nd order hierarchical sandwich structures under quasi-static loading conditions." Thin-Walled Structures 138 (May 2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.01.039.

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Hou, Chun, Kazimierz Czubernat, Shun Yi Jin, William Altenhof, Elena Maeva, Inna Seviaryna, Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh, Mohini Sain, and Ruijun Gu. "Mechanical response of hard bio-based PU foams under cyclic quasi-static compressive loading conditions." International Journal of Fatigue 59 (February 2014): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2013.09.012.

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Koohbor, Behrad, Suraj Ravindran, and Addis Kidane. "In situ deformation characterization of density-graded foams in quasi-static and impact loading conditions." International Journal of Impact Engineering 150 (April 2021): 103820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103820.

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Simon, Pierre, Yaël Demarty, and Alexis Rusinek. "Mechanical behaviour modelling under dynamic conditions: Application to structural and high strength steels." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818301056.

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Current needs in the design and optimization of complex ballistic protection structures lead to the development of more and more accurate numerical modelling for high impact velocity. The aim of developing such a tool is to be able to predict the protection performance of structures using few experiments. Considering only numerical approach, most important issue to have a reliable simulation is to focus on material behaviour description in term of constitutive relation and failure model for high strain rates, large field of temperatures and complex stress states. In this context, the study deals with the behaviour of two steels including a high strength steel and a structural steel. For this application, the materials can undergo both quasi-static and dynamic loading. Thus the strain rate range studied is varying from 10−3 to more than 103 s−1. Although the high strength steels do not exhibit high strain rate sensitivity, the temperature increases during dynamic loading is inducing thermal softening. Thus, temperature sensitivity is defined up to 500 K under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. Then, experiments are used to define the parameters of several constitutive relations like the Johnson-Cook model or the Rusinek Klepaczko model.

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Li, Hao Chuang, Kwang Hyeon Lee, Jae Mean Koo, and Chang Sung Seok. "A Research on Static and Dynamic Fracture-Resistance of Welding Parts of Coolant Piping Material." Advanced Materials Research 415-417 (December 2011): 2109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.415-417.2109.

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Tensile and fracture toughness tests of coolant piping materials were performed at various loading rates and temperatures. The crack measurement method for coolant piping materials consisted of the unloading compliance method for quasi-static loading conditions and condition, while the electric potential drop method and the normalization method for quasi-dynamic loading conditions. Tensile and fracture toughness tests of coolant piping materials were performed at the design temperatures of the primary piping system of nuclear power plants, which are 449K (176°C) and 589K (316°C). Also, the plastic η factor considering strength mismatch of welding part was applied to the fracture toughness test results and the J-R curves by the plastic η factor considering strength mismatch of welding part was compared with the J-R curves by the plastic η factor introduced in ASTM E1820-01.

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Wu, Yiwan, Lei Jiang, Hongbai Bai, Chunhong Lu, and Shangzhou Li. "Mechanical Behavior of Entangled Metallic Wire Materials under Quasi-Static and Impact Loading." Materials 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12203392.

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In this paper, the stiffness and damping property of entangled metallic wire materials (EMWM) under quasi-static and low-velocity impact loading were investigated. The results reveal that the maximum deformation of the EMWM mainly depends on the maximum load it bears, and that air damping is the main way to dissipate impact energy. The EMWM can absorb more energy (energy absorption rate is over 60%) under impact conditions. The EMWM has excellent characteristics of repetitive energy absorption.

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Vodička, Roman, and Katarína Krajníková. "A Quasi-Static Delamination Model with Rate-Dependent Interface Damage Exposed to Cyclic Loading." Key Engineering Materials 774 (August 2018): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.774.84.

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A model for numerical analysis of interface damage which leads to interface crack initiationand propagation in multi-domain structures under cyclic loading is considered. Modelling of damagetakes into account various relations between interface stresses and displacement gaps providing theresponse of a cohesive zone model, additionally equipped by a kind of viscosity associated to theevolution of the interface damage. Together with repeating loading-unloading conditions, it makesthis damage process to have a fatigue-like character, where the crack appears for smaller magnitudeof the cyclic load than for pure uploading.

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Larsson, Roland, and Erik Ho¨glund. "Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication at Impact Loading." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 770–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927331.

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Experimental and theoretical studies of elastohydrodynamically lubricated contacts normally assume static or quasi-static conditions. Nonsteady conditions are, however, very common, e.g., in machine elements such as ball bearings, gears, and cam-follower mechanisms. In this paper, the case of a ball impacting a flat lubricated surface is investigated theoretically. This case implies transient conditions and the lubricating effect is due to pure squeeze action in the contact. Pressure and film thickness distributions are computed during impact and rebound. The results of the analysis show the effects of ball mass, initial impact velocity, lubricant properties, and the thickness of the applied lubricant layer on, for example, minimum film thickness, maximum impact force, and maximum pressure. Increasing impact velocity increases the minimum value of film thickness achieved during the total impact time. The damping capacity of the lubricating film is very high at low impact velocity and small ball mass. In fact, the damping is so high that no rebound occurs if the velocity or the ball mass are smaller than certain critical values. The thickness of the lubricant layer has very little influence on the results if it is thicker than a certain value. If the pressure-viscosity coefficient is increased, the film becomes thicker.

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Su, Zheng Ming, Ru Yi He, Pai Chen Lin, Jong Ning Aoh, Yung Chuan Chiou, Kent Dong, Tony Tang, and Bob Huang. "Fatigue Behavior of Swept Spot Friction Welds in Lap-Shear Specimens of Alclad 2024-T3 Aluminum Sheets." Advanced Materials Research 579 (October 2012): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.579.387.

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Failure modes of swept spot friction welds in lap-shear specimens of alclad 2024-T3 aluminum sheets are first investigated based on experimental observations. Optical and scanning electron micrographs of the welds before and after failure under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions are examined. Experimental results show that the failure modes of the welds under quasi-static and cyclic loading conditions are quite different. Failure modes of swept spot friction welds depend considerably on the weld geometry, microstructure, and load amplitude. A fatigue crack growth model based on the paths of the dominant kinked fatigue cracks is developed to estimate the fatigue lives of the spot friction welds. The global and local stress intensity factors for finite kinked cracks, the stress intensity factors for finite transverse cracks, and the Paris law for fatigue crack propagation are used. The fatigue life estimations agree well with the experimental results.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Quasi-static loading conditions'

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