Academic literature on the topic 'Quasidelikt'

Resumen: Tradicionalmente, el Derecho de la competencia se ha interpretado desde el Derecho administrativo y el Derecho mercantil, pero cada vez resulta más necesaria la interpretación desde el Derecho Internacional privado, para determinar el juez competente y la ley aplicable, cuando concurran elementos transfronterizos. Desde un punto de vista calificatorio, las infracciones a las normas de defen­sa de la competencia, se consideran materia extracontractual (a pesar de que hay casos contractuales), lo que remite al artículo 7.2 del Reglamento Bruselas I bis y al Reglamento Roma II. Por su parte, los artículos 101 y 102 TFUE son leyes de policía. La jurisprudencia del TJUE resulta esclarecedora y cru­cial, mientras no se apruebe un Reglamento europeo que confirme la naturaleza de las infracciones a las normas de competencia.Palabras clave: derecho de la competencia, derecho internacional privado, extracontractual, ley de policía, cartel damage claims.Abstract: Traditionally, Antitrust Law has been interpreted from administrative law and commer­cial law, but it is increasingly necessary interpretation from private international law, to determine the competent judge and the applicable law, when cross-border elements concur. From a qualifying point of view, breaches of the rules of defense of competition are considered matters relating to tort, delict or quasidelict (although there are cases relating to contracts), which refers to article 7.2 of the Brussels I recast and the Rome II Regulation. Besides, articles 101 and 102 TFEU are overriding mandatory rules. The jurisprudence of the CJEU is enlightening, pending the adoption of a European Regulation confir­ming the nature of the infringements of the competition rules.Keywords: antitrust law, private international law, relating to tort, delict or quasi-delict, overriding mandatory rule, cartel damage claims.

Resumen: En esta sentencia, el Tribunal de Justicia responde a una cuestión prejudicial planteada por la Cour de Cassation francesa, en relación con un litigio surgido de un contrato de distribución selectiva entre Samsung y la empresa francesa distribuidora Concurrence. En virtud de este contrato, Concurrence sólo podía revender los productos ELITE de Samsung a través de su tienda física, no mediante su página web. La empresa distribuidora infringe esta cláusula y comercializa los productos vía on line. Ante este incumplimiento contractual, Samsung rescinde el contrato y Concurrence demanda a la empresa proveedora porque, según dice, Amazon también vende esos productos de Samsung en su página web, con su consentimiento. También solicita que Amazon cese en su comportamiento por el perjuicio que le ocasionan sus ventas on line. La cuestión prejudicial se plantea entorno a esta última acción de cesación planteada por Concurrence contra Amazon Reino Unido, Amazon Alemania, Amazon España y Amazon Italia. El Tribunal de Justicia considera que los tribunales franceses deben ser competentes por el artículo 5.3 del Reglamento 44/2001 –actual artículo 7.2 del Reglamento 12125/2012–, si en Francia la empresa Concurrence ha sufrido daño debido a las reventas realizadas por Amazon a través de esas páginas web ubicadas fuera de Francia. En este caso, siendo el demandado Amazon Reino Unido, Amazon Alemania, Amazon España y Amazon Italia, ni por el domicilio del mismo ni por el lugar del hecho ilícito, los jueces franceses podrían ser competentes, sólo podrían serlo por el lugar del daño.Nosotros entendemos que Concurrence es una víctima indirecta del comportamiento de Amazon y que, por lo tanto, no se puede aplicar el foro del artículo 5.3 del Reglamento 44/2001 –actual artículo 7.2 del Reglamento 1215/2012– en este caso.Palabras clave: contrato de distribución selectiva, prohibición de reventa on line, foro especial en materia delictual, víctima indirecta.Abstract: In this judgment, the Court answers to a prejudicial question held by French Cour of Cassation, regarding to a litigation on a selective distribution agreement between Samsung and Concurrence. This contract disposes that Concurrence only can resell the Samsung ELITE products through the products on line. For this reason, Samsung ends their relationship and Concurrence bringsan action against it because it says that Amazon also sells these products of Samsung on its webpage. In addition, Concurrence sues Amazon to withdraw the sales of these products because of the damage suffered for them. The prejudicial question is regarding this action for an injunction prohibiting unlawful interference, between Concurrence and Amazon United Kingdom, Amazon Germany, Amazon Spain and Amazon Italy. The Court considers the French jurisdiction has to apply the rule of article 5.3 Regulation 44/2001 –article 7.2 Regulation 1215/2012–, in case of there are damages suffered by Concurrence in France due to sales of Amazon on these webpages situated out of France. Following the Court, in this situation, as the defendant would be Amazon United Kingdom, Amazon Germany, Amazon Spain and Amazon Italy, the French jurisdiction couldn`t be competent by domicile of defendant neither by place where harmful event occurred. It only could be competent by the place of occurred damage. We consider that Concurrence is a indirect victim and, so that, couldn`t apply the article 5.3 Regulation 44/2001 –article 7.2 Regulation 1215/2012– in this case.Keywords: Selective distribution agreement, Prohibition on online resale, Tort, delict or quasidelict rule of jurisdiction, indirect victim.

1 The crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Criminal C. Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze complexly the problems associated with the legal regulation of the crime of drunkenness. The crime of habitual drunkenness or otherwise called the "Rauschdelikt" is an illustrative option of how to deal with the issue of an insane people, which act unlawfully and how to punish them. The person which commits an unlawful act in a state of insanity, committed an act of otherwise criminal, quasi-delict. Where the perpetrator has caused a state of insanity by consuming or applying an addictive substance. The above-mentioned concept of "Rauschdelikt" appears to be the best option, for the sake of consistency with the fundamental principles and principles of criminal law, the nullum crimen sine culpa principle. The thesis is organized in individual chapters, which are gradually dealing with the historical development, and this crime does not present in modern criminal law no novelty; on the contrary, the institute of drunkenness has deep historical roots. The following chapters analyzes some individual basic terms that are necessary for the definition of a crime of habitual drunkenness and include and clarify the legal institutes that are close to and closely related to this crime, such as the...

The subject of this thesis presents the problematics of criminal conduct in the state of intoxication with the main focus on habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of Act. No. 40/2009 Coll., Criminal Code. Subject of the thesis contains multiple theoretic views, historical evolution in the formal Czech lands, Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic. The crime of habitual drunkenness is considered to be an extraordinary crime due to its character and legal construction. This crime does not have an analogy in the respect of a criminal code and in a certain view breaks through the fundamental principle of modern criminal law nullum crimen sine culpa, which is the liability for fault. The atypical nature of this crime is represented by its specific legal construction, the requirements of the theoretical principles and demands in which lies the criminal law in modern state of law and last but not least the problem of escalating consumption of addictive substances. All of these attributes are the subject of this thesis. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. For easier orientation in the text, chapters are divided into multiple sub-sections. First chapter includes the basic terms such as insanity and mental illness, which are crucial to the crime of habitual drunkenness. Second chapter views historical evolution...