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Journal articles on the topic 'Quaternary ammonium hydroxide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Karibayev, M., D. Bekeshov, B. Myrzakhmetov, et al. "Effect of Hydration on the Intermolecular Interaction of Various Quaternary Ammonium Based Head Groups with Hydroxide Ion of Anion Exchange Membrane Studied at the Molecular Level." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 25, no. 2 (2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj1499.

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Currently, the main limitation of Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells is related to their low chemical stability under alkaline conditions due to the degradation of quaternary ammonium-based head groups, which lowers the transportation of hydroxide ions as well. The knowledge of the intermolecular interaction of various quaternary ammonium head groups with hydroxide ions is the key to improving hydroxide ion’s diffusivity and chemical stability of various quaternary ammonium-based head groups. Consequently, the intermolecular interaction of hydroxide ions with different quaternary ammonium head

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2

Kelleher, Brian P., Aidan M. Doyle, Benjamin K. Hodnett, and Thomas F. O'Dwyer. "Utilisation of a Mesoporous Silicate Material for the Removal of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides (QAHs) from Aqueous Solution." Adsorption Science & Technology 20, no. 3 (2002): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/026361702760254441.

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A cubic mesoporous silicate (CMS) was prepared, characterised and assessed as an adsorbent for quaternary ammonium hydroxides (QAHs) from aqueous solution. The adsorption process was studied as a function of molecular size and CMS pore volume. Sorption closely followed the Langmuir model. A comparison of the CMS pore volume and the volume of the sorbed molecules suggested that monolayer sorption occurred and that the number of molecules sorbed was a function of the size of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide molecule and the threshold area capable of being occupied by this molecule.

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3

Khan, Muhammad Saad, Cornelius Borecho Bavoh, Khor Siak Foo, et al. "Kinetic Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides in Mixed Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020275.

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This study evaluates the kinetic hydrate inhibition (KHI) performance of four quaternary ammonium hydroxides (QAH) on mixed CH4 + CO2 hydrate systems. The studied QAHs are; tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPrAOH). The test was performed in a high-pressure hydrate reactor at temperatures of 274.0 K and 277.0 K, and a concentration of 1 wt.% using the isochoric cooling method. The kinetics results suggest that all the QAHs potentially delayed mixed CH4 + CO2 hydrates formation du

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4

Khan, Muhammad Saad, Cornelius Borecho Bavoh, Khor Siak Foo, et al. "Kinetic Behavior of Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides in Mixed Methane and Carbon Dioxide Hydrates." Molecules 26, no. 2 (2021): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020275.

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This study evaluates the kinetic hydrate inhibition (KHI) performance of four quaternary ammonium hydroxides (QAH) on mixed CH4 + CO2 hydrate systems. The studied QAHs are; tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAOH), tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH), and tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPrAOH). The test was performed in a high-pressure hydrate reactor at temperatures of 274.0 K and 277.0 K, and a concentration of 1 wt.% using the isochoric cooling method. The kinetics results suggest that all the QAHs potentially delayed mixed CH4 + CO2 hydrates formation du

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5

Xu, Xiaozhi, Lumei Wang, Jiajie Wang, et al. "Hydroxide-ion-conductive gas barrier films based on layered double hydroxide/polysulfone multilayers." Chemical Communications 54, no. 56 (2018): 7778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02900h.

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Hybrid films were fabricated via the layer-by-layer assembly of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplates and quaternary ammonium grafted polysulfone (QAPSF), and showed dual functionality with both gas barrier and hydroxide ion conductivity properties.

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6

Dang, Hai-Son, Eva Annika Weiber, and Patric Jannasch. "Poly(phenylene oxide) functionalized with quaternary ammonium groups via flexible alkyl spacers for high-performance anion exchange membranes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 10 (2015): 5280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta00350d.

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7

Willdorf-Cohen, Sapir, Abhishek N. Mondal, Dario R. Dekel, and Charles E. Diesendruck. "Chemical stability of poly(phenylene oxide)-based ionomers in an anion exchange-membrane fuel cell environment." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 44 (2018): 22234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta05785k.

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The chemical stability of polyphenylene oxide grafted with quaternary ammonium salts, ionomers relevant for the development of practical alkaline fuel cells, is studied using hydroxide at different water microsolvation levels.

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8

Koronka, Daniel, та Kenji Miyatake. "Anion exchange membranes containing no β-hydrogen atoms on ammonium groups: synthesis, properties, and alkaline stability". RSC Advances 11, № 2 (2021): 1030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra09308d.

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A novel hydrophilic structure with no β-hydrogen atoms on the quaternary ammonium functionality has been developed for anion exchange membranes. The membranes featured high hydroxide conductivity and alkaline stability under harsh conditions.

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9

Srebnik, Simcha, Srdjan Pusara, and Dario R. Dekel. "Effect of Carbonate Anions on Quaternary Ammonium-Hydroxide Interaction." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 123, no. 26 (2019): 15956–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b03131.

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10

Liu, Quan Xiao, Jin Li Li, and Wen Cai Xu. "Preparation and Properties of Cationic Starch with High Degree of Substitution." Materials Science Forum 663-665 (November 2010): 1264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.663-665.1264.

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Using sodium hydroxide as its alkali catalyzer, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as its quaternary agents, cationic starch with high degree of substitution was made by semi-dry process. The prepared cationic starch contains quaternary ammonium groups by the infrared spectrum analysis. From the scan electron microscope pictures of starch and cationic starch, cationic starch can be clearly seen to have substituted the quaternary ammonium salt groups and the structure of mutual penetration of flexible quaternary ammonium salt groups and rigid starch has formed. The tensile str

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11

Hu, Jian, Fang Wen Yang, and Ming Gang Huang. "Synthesis of N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-Adamantyl Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide and Technology Development." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1159.

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N,N-dimethyl-1-adamantane was synthesized from amantadine through Eschweiler-Clarke reaction, The optimal ratio of amantadine, formic acid and formaldehyde was 1:5:4, and the reaction time was 18 h at 98°C.The product yield was 93.4% on these conditions. N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl quaternary ammonium salt then was synthesized, the product yield was 90.5%, succeeding eco-friendly procedure technology was developed. N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantyl quaternary ammonium hydroxide was obtained finally, target product yield was 84.3%.The structure of compounds were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR, MS and

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12

Ran, Jin, Cenfeng Fu, Liang Ding, Pengrui Cao, and Tongwen Xu. "Dual hydrophobic grafted chains facilitating quaternary ammonium aggregations of hydroxide conducting polymers: a theoretical and experimental investigation." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 14 (2018): 5714–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta00500a.

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13

Deshmukh, Ruchi, Anurag Mehra, and Rochish Thaokar. "Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 8 (February 23, 2017): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.8.53.

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Aggregation and self-assembly are influenced by molecular interactions. With precise control of molecular interactions, in this study, a wide range of nanostructures ranging from zero-dimensional nanospheres to hierarchical nanoplates and spindles have been successfully synthesized at ambient temperature in aqueous solution. The nanostructures reported here are formed by aggregation of spherical seed particles (monomers) in presence of quaternary ammonium salts. Hydroxide ions and a magnetic moment of the monomers are essential to induce shape anisotropy in the nanostructures. The cobalt nanop

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14

Gao, Han, Jak Li, and Keryn Lian. "Alkaline quaternary ammonium hydroxides and their polymer electrolytes for electrochemical capacitors." RSC Adv. 4, no. 41 (2014): 21332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra01014k.

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15

Wei, Wei, Xiao Wei, Guangjun Gou, et al. "Improved dissolution of cellulose in quaternary ammonium hydroxide by adjusting temperature." RSC Advances 5, no. 49 (2015): 39080–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra04247j.

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16

Ishikawa, Teruhiko, Tomohiro Mizuta, Kumiko Hagiwara, Toshiaki Aikawa, Takayuki Kudo, and Seiki Saito. "Catalytic Alkynylation of Ketones and Aldehydes Using Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide Base." Journal of Organic Chemistry 68, no. 9 (2003): 3702–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo026592g.

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17

Zhong, Chao, Chunming Wang, Fengxue Wang, Honghua Jia, Ping Wei, and Yin Zhao. "Enhanced saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass by pretreatment with quaternary ammonium hydroxide." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 90, no. 12 (2014): 2186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.4530.

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18

Abdi, Zelalem Gudeta. "Ionic Polybenzimidazoles Crosslinked through Thiol-Ene Reactions for Anion Exchange Membranes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 36 (2024): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01362032mtgabs.

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This research introduces a study outlining the synthesis and characteristics of innovative anion exchange membranes that utilize m-polybenzimidazole (m-PBI) as the polymer backbone structure. These membranes incorporate quaternary ammonium groups and alkene groups as side chains. These ionic m-PBI membranes were further crosslinked through thermal thiol-ene reactions. By adeptly manipulating the quantities of attached quaternary ammonium groups and alkene groups, the ion exchange capacity (IEC) values and crosslinking degrees were independently controlled. A comprehensive range of m-PBI based

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19

Park, Heemin, Pothanagandhi Nellepalli, Daniel P. Leonard, Yu Seung Kim, and Chulsung Bae. "Cyclic Olefin Copolymer-Based Reinforced Anion Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-01, no. 34 (2024): 1740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-01341740mtgabs.

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Alkaline exchange membrane (AEM)-based fuel cells have emerged as a promising technology for clean energy conversion. In contrast to acidic proton exchange membrane in fuel cells, AEM fuel cells utilize an alkaline membrane AEM to facilitate the migration of hydroxide ions, offering advantages of economic earth-abundant catalysts and enhanced electrochemical reaction kinetics. However, AEMs that possess all characters of high ion conductivity, good chemical stability under high pH and temperature, robust mechanical properties, scalable synthesis, and low manufacturing costs are rare until now.

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20

Chen, Si, Dong Pan, Haiyue Gong, and Patric Jannasch. "Poly(arylene alkylene)s Carrying Quaternary Ammoniums via Flexible Phenylpropyl Spacers as Hydroxide Conducting Membranes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 39 (2023): 1885. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02391885mtgabs.

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Anion exchange membranes (AEM)s are attracting growing research interests as central components in various alkaline energy conversion and storage devices such as AEM fuel cells and water electrolyzers.1,2 Compared to the devices operated under acidic conditions, the alkaline conditions open up for possibilities to use, e.g., nickel and iron catalysts instead of platinum. However, the insufficient hydroxide conductivity and long-term stability of AEMs at elevated temperatures are still hindering a widespread application of these devices.3 An effective strategy to improve AEM properties by struc

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21

Walters, Mikayla G., Albaraa D. Mando, W. Matthew Reichert, Christy W. West, Kevin N. West, and Brooks D. Rabideau. "The role of urea in the solubility of cellulose in aqueous quaternary ammonium hydroxide." RSC Advances 10, no. 10 (2020): 5919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra07989k.

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22

Hlavatý, Jaromír, and Jiří Volke. "Use of Nafion membranes in laboratory organic electrosynthesis." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 53, no. 12 (1988): 3164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19883164.

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Electrolysis of quaternary ammonium bromides and iodides in a divided cell with a Nafion membrane yields quaternary polyhalogenides at a carbon anode in water-ethanolic anolytes. The electrodialysis of tetrabutylammonium iodide in a cell with a Nafion membrane enables generation of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. In electrolytic reduction of nitrobenzene in presence of 1,3-dibromopropane, N-phenylisooxazolidine results in an approx. 60% yield. This electrosynthesis takes place in dimethylformamide with tetrabutylammonium bromide at a glassy-carbon cathode in a divided cell. In the electroreducti

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23

Pham, Thanh Huong, Andrit Allushi, Joel S. Olsson, and Patric Jannasch. "Rational molecular design of anion exchange membranes functionalized with alicyclic quaternary ammonium cations." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 43 (2020): 6953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py01291b.

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Piperidine-based cations tethered to ether-free polymer membranes via the 4-position instead of the conventional 1(N)-position show significantly improved thermal and alkaline stability while retaining high hydroxide conductivity.

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24

He, Xiaohui, Jingyin Liu, Hongyu Zhu, Yan Zheng, and Defu Chen. "Novel quaternary ammonium functional addition-type norbornene copolymer as hydroxide-conductive and durable anion exchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cells." RSC Advances 5, no. 78 (2015): 63215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra09393g.

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Novel quaternary ammonium functional addition-type norbornene copolymers, and their anion exchange membranes with effective hydrophilic–hydrophobic separation and well performance suitable for direct methanol fuel cells application are achieved.

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25

Zhou, Xiang Dong, Kun Chen, Jia Lei Guo, and Yu Fang Zhang. "Synthesis and Application of Quaternary Ammonium-Functionalized Hyperbranched Polyester Antibacterial Agent." Advanced Materials Research 796 (September 2013): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.796.412.

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In the presence of alkaline catalyst sodium hydroxide, the intermediate of hyperbranched polyester (H20Cl) was prepared by the modification of hyperbranched polyester Boltorn H20 with epichlorohydrin. Then a new kind of quaternary ammonium functionalized hyperbranched polyester antibacterial agent (H20C16N) was synthesized by the reaction of H20Cl and hexadecyldimethylamine. The structures characterizations of H20C16N were characterized by 1H NMR. The application of H20C16N used as antibacterial agent of silk fabric was studied. The antibacterial ratio was 99.06% against escherichia coli and 9

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26

BUNDGAARD-NIELSEN, KIRSTEN, and PER V. NIELSEN. "Fungicidal Effect of 15 Disinfectants against 25 Fungal Contaminants Commonly Found in Bread and Cheese Manufacturing." Journal of Food Protection 59, no. 3 (1996): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-59.3.268.

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Resistance of 19 mold and 6 yeast species to 15 commercial disinfectants was investigated by using a suspension method in which the fungicidal effect and germination time were determined at 20°C. Disinfectants containing 0.5% dodecyldiethylentriaminacetic acid, 10 g of chloramine-T per 1, 2.0% formaldehyde, 0.1% potassium hydroxide, 3.0% hydrogen peroxide, or 0.3% peracetic acid were ineffective as fungicides. The fungicidal effect of quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine compounds showed great variability between species and among the six isolates of Penicillium roqueforti var. roquefort

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27

Zhong, Chao, Fang Cheng, Yingkui Zhu, Zhen Gao, Honghua Jia, and Ping Wei. "Dissolution mechanism of cellulose in quaternary ammonium hydroxide: Revisiting through molecular interactions." Carbohydrate Polymers 174 (October 2017): 400–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.078.

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28

Pham, Thanh Huong, Joel S. Olsson, and Patric Jannasch. "Poly(arylene alkylene)s with pendant N-spirocyclic quaternary ammonium cations for anion exchange membranes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 34 (2018): 16537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta04699a.

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The synthesis and studies of aromatic polymers tethered with azaspiro cations provide important insights towards the design of highly thermochemically stable hydroxide ion conducting fuel cell membranes.

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29

Ibrahim, Muhammad, and Usman Jamilu. "Antibacterial studies of molecularly engineered graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to quaternary ammonium hydroxide (g-C3N4-OH) composite: An application towards generating new antibiotics." Chemistry International 9, no. 3 (2023): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8117770.

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A new molecular modification of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) scaffold to functionalize quaternary ammonium hydroxide (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-OH) by transforming the surface ‒NH<sub>2</sub> and ‒NH functional groups to quaternary methyl ammonium iodide via treatment with methyl iodide followed by exchange of ion with 0.1 M KOH is demonstrated. The g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-OH was characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, and acid-base titration. Tested as an antibacterial agent for the first time, the synthesized g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-OH composite d

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30

Lee, Jae Hun, Seong jin An, Won Seok Chi, Ji Eun Kim, Hyeonjung Park, and Sang-Kyung Kim. "Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes Enhanced with 3D-Ionic Triptycene Additive for Water Electrolysis." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 43 (2024): 2920. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02432920mtgabs.

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In water electrolysis systems, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) play a crucial role in separating the hydrogen and oxygen gases produced, while selectively transporting hydroxide ions between the cathode and anode. Key characteristics of AEMs include high hydroxide ion conductivity and durable stability under challenging alkaline conditions. We introduce a novel approach aimed at overcoming the hurdles related to achieving high ion conductivity and alkaline stability in AEMs. We propose a simple method that incorporates a 3D ionic triptycene additives in a quaternized poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO

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31

Willdorf-Cohen, Sapir, Songlin Li, Simcha Srebnik, Charles E. Diesendruck, and Dario R. Dekel. "Effect of Carbonate Anions on the Stability of Quaternary Ammonium Groups for Aemfcs." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 43 (2022): 1609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02431609mtgabs.

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Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have been attracting significant attention as a promising green and effective technology for energy conversion, suitable for both automotive and stationary applications. AEMFCs operate in an alkaline environment and thus allow the use of non-precious metal electrocatalysts from a wide selection of materials, as well as lower cost anion-exchange membranes (AEMs). In spite of the significant progress recently achieved, the commercial development of AEMFCs is hampered by both AEM degradation and the carbonation processes. The chemical decomposition of t

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32

WANG, MAW-LING, and BIING-LANG LIU. "CATALYZED REACTION OF CARBON DISULFIDE AND o-PHENYLENE DIAMINE BY QUATERNARY AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE." Chemical Engineering Communications 165, no. 1 (1998): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986449808912375.

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33

Li, Hong Liang, Ai Ping Fu, Chao Wang, and Yan Zi Wu. "Preparation and Characterization of Stable TiO₂ Colloid Composing of Nearly Monodispersive TiO₂ Nanocrystallite." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.63.

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Stable TiO2 colloids composing of narrow size distrubuted anatase TiO2 nanocrystals were prepared using quaternary ammonium hydroxide, such as Me4NOH, Et4NOH and Bu4NOH, as catalyst. TEM and UV-Vis spectra measurements showed that the TiO2 colloids are quite stable in air or under ultrasound irradiation and the size of the TiO2 particles of the colloids can be tuned by changing the molar ratio of Titanium isopropoxide and the organic additive. The additive can be removed when the dried gel were calcined at 450°C for two hours, resulting in pure TiO2 nanocrystal in anatase phase.

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34

Wang, Yifu, Heting Wan, Jilin Wang, Lulu Wang, and Ruijiang Feng. "Hydroxide Ion Highway Constructed by Orderly Aligned Quaternary Ammonium Groups in Anion Exchange Membranes." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 164, no. 12 (2017): F1051—F1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.0551712jes.

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35

Kanie, Kiyoshi, Takafumi Sasaki, Masafumi Nakaya, and Atsushi Muramatsu. "Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxide-assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Monodispersed ITO Nanoparticles with a Cubic Shape." Chemistry Letters 42, no. 7 (2013): 738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.130263.

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36

SHIRAI, Junsuke, Toru KANNO, Toru INOUE, Satoru MITSUBAYASHI, and Reiji SEKI. "Effects of Quaternary Ammonium Compounds with 0.1% Sodium Hydroxide on Swine Vesicular Disease Virus." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 59, no. 5 (1997): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.59.323.

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37

Karibayev, Mirat, Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov, Sandugash Kalybekkyzy, Yanwei Wang, and Almagul Mentbayeva. "Binding and Degradation Reaction of Hydroxide Ions with Several Quaternary Ammonium Head Groups of Anion Exchange Membranes Investigated by the DFT Method." Molecules 27, no. 9 (2022): 2686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092686.

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Commercialization of anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) has been limited due to the chemical degradation of various quaternary ammonium (QA) head groups, which affects the transportation of hydroxide (OH−) ions in AEMs. Understanding how various QA head groups bind and interact with hydroxide ions at the molecular level is of fundamental importance to developing high-performance AEMs. In this work, the binding and degradation reaction of hydroxide ions with several QA head groups—(a) pyridinium, (b) 1,4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO), (c) benzyltrimethylammonium (BTMA), (d) n-met

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38

Barnes, Austin M., Brendan Liu, and Steven K. Buratto. "Humidity-Dependent Surface Structure and Hydroxide Conductance of a Model Quaternary Ammonium Anion Exchange Membrane." Langmuir 35, no. 44 (2019): 14188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02160.

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39

Zhong, Chao, Honghua Jia, and Ping Wei. "Enhanced saccharification of wheat straw with the application of ultrasonic-assisted quaternary ammonium hydroxide pretreatment." Process Biochemistry 53 (February 2017): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2016.11.004.

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40

Li, Zhen, Xueyi He, Zhongyi Jiang, et al. "Enhancing Hydroxide Conductivity and Stability of Anion Exchange Membrane by Blending Quaternary Ammonium Functionalized Polymers." Electrochimica Acta 240 (June 2017): 486–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.04.109.

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41

Challinor, J. M. "Characterisation of wood extractives by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of quaternary ammonium hydroxide extracts." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 37, no. 1 (1996): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2370(96)00937-0.

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42

Nie, Guang-hui, Wen-jun Wu, Xi Yue, Shi-jun Liao, and Xiu-hua Li. "Synthesis and properties of hydroxide conductive polymers carrying dense aromatic side-chain quaternary ammonium groups." Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 35, no. 7 (2017): 823–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-017-1941-6.

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43

Tang, Ting-Hua, De-Yi Yan, Shuang-Quan Su, and Xiao-Yuan Fu. "A SCF MO study on the reaction mechanism of quaternary ammonium cation with hydroxide ion." Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM 183, no. 3-4 (1989): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-1280(89)80012-0.

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44

Samsudin, Asep Muhamad, Nur Rokhati, Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya, et al. "Impact of crosslinking on quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyquaternium-7 anion exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 14, no. 4 (2025): 717–26. https://doi.org/10.61435/ijred.2025.60897.

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Alkaline Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (APEFCs) have emerged as a promising candidate for clean energy production. Anion exchange membrane (AEM) is an essential element of alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells for its role in facilitating hydroxide ion conduction. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a glutaraldehyde-based crosslinker solution on the performance of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) fabricated using quaternary ammonium poly (vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) as the backbone polymer and polyquaternium-7 as the second polymer. The introduction of a glutaraldehyde-base

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Chu, Ji, Kyu Lee, Ae Kim, and Dong Yoo. "Improved Physicochemical Stability and High Ion Transportation of Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Blocks Containing a Fluorinated Hydrophobic Part for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications." Polymers 10, no. 12 (2018): 1400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10121400.

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A series of anion exchange membranes composed of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAESs) multiblock copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized with controlled lengths of the hydrophilic precursor and hydrophobic oligomer via direct polycondensation. The chloromethylation and quaternization proceeded well by optimizing the reaction conditions to improve hydroxide conductivity and physical stability, and the fabricated membranes were very flexible and transparent. Atomic force microscope images of quaternized PAES (QN-PAES) membranes showed excellent hydrop

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Li, Chengtao, Deyi Kong, Xiaolong Yao, Xiaotao Ma, Chunhui Wei, and Hong Wang. "Resource Recycling Utilization of Distillers Grains for Preparing Cationic Quaternary Ammonium—Ammonium Material and Adsorption of Acid Yellow 11." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (2022): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042469.

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Using distillers grains (DG) as raw material after pre-treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and modified with cationic etherification agent 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC), cationic quaternary ammonium distillers grains adsorption material (CDG) was successfully prepared. The optimal adsorption conditions were an adsorption temperature of 25 °C, adsorption time of 180 min, amount of adsorbent at 8.5 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and pH of dye solution 7.0. The structure of CDG was characterized by FTIR, EDS, SEM, BET, ultraviolet spectrum analysis, a

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Dong, Dengpan, Xiaoyu Wei, Justin B. Hooper, Hongchao Pan, and Dmitry Bedrov. "Role of cationic groups on structural and dynamical correlations in hydrated quaternary ammonium-functionalized poly(p-phenylene oxide)-based anion exchange membranes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 29 (2018): 19350–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp02211a.

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Narducci, Riccardo, Suanto Syahputra, Maria Luisa Di Vona, Philippe Knauth, and Luca Pasquini. "Composite Anion Exchange Membranes Containing a Long-Side Chain Ionomer and Exfoliated Lamellar Double Hydroxides." Membranes 14, no. 12 (2024): 275. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14120275.

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Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs) are promising materials for electrochemical devices, such as fuel cells and electrolyzers. However, the main drawback of AEMs is their low durability in alkaline operating conditions. A possible solution is the use of composite ionomers containing inorganic fillers stable in a basic environment. In this work, composite anion exchange membranes are prepared from poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) with quaternary ammonium groups on long-side chains (PPO-LC) and exfoliated Mg/Al lamellar double hydroxide (LDH) as inorganic filler added in different percentages

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Ema, Tadashi, Kazuki Fukuhara, Takashi Sakai, Masaki Ohbo, Fu-Quan Bai, and Jun-ya Hasegawa. "Quaternary ammonium hydroxide as a metal-free and halogen-free catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide." Catalysis Science & Technology 5, no. 4 (2015): 2314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cy00020c.

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Naamat, Lilach, Michal Keslin, and Alon Grinberg Dana. "Generating Predictive Chemical Kinetic Models for Quaternary Ammonium Monomers Chemical Degradation in Anion Exchange Membrane." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 65 (2023): 3150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02653150mtgabs.

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It is widely accepted that the high cost of Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells (FC) is a major inhibitor of the transition to extensive commercialization of hydrogen-fueled FCs. One known alternative to this technology is Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM), greatly reducing the need for precious metals, e.g., platinum, and allowing a wider choice of lower cost polymeric materials1. Although research in the field of AEM has greatly evolved recently, AEM-FCs still lack sufficient durability and cell longevity. The current major challenge revolves around the chemical and structural stability of

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