Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quatre quarks top

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Academic literature on the topic 'Quatre quarks top'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 May 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

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Putak Juriček, Marija, and Vesnica Garašić. "GEOCHEMISTRY AND PETROGRAPHY OF METAMORPHIC SOLE AMPHIBOLITES FROM THE SLATINA QUARRY, MT. ZRINSKA GORA, CROATIA." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 39, no. 2 (2024): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2024.2.8.

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The investigated Mt. Zrinska Gora amphibolites are a part of the metamorphic sole of the Banovina ophiolite complex. Mineral composition and other petrographic characteristics of amphibolites and adjacent peridotite were investigated by polarised microscopy and chemical analyses of rocks were obtained by a combination of inductively coupled plasma mass and emission spectrometry. The main minerals in these garnet-bearing amphibolites are amphibole and plagioclase with accessory garnet, sphene, spinel, opaque mineral ± clinopyroxene ± quartz ± actinolite ± zoisite-clinozoisite ± prehnite ± pumpelyite and ± clay minerals. Kelyphitic corona is developed around garnet. The amphibolites have nematoblastic, nematogranoblastic, porphyroblastic and porphyroclastic textures and homogenous to foliated structures. The presence of clinopyroxene in some of the investigated amphibolites points to their possible formation under P‒T conditions of upper amphibolite facies. The greenschist facies retrograde metamorphism and subsequent surface weathering of amphibolites is also evident. The chemical composition of rocks indicates that protoliths of most amphibolites were tholeiitic basalts, initially formed in island arcs and the adjoining back-arc basins. During the intraoceanic subduction in Jurassic Neotethys Ocean basalts/basaltic tuffs of island arc tholeiite affinity and back-arc basin basalts, positioned on the top of the down-going oceanic slab, were welded to the base of the hot over-riding mantle wedge, metamorphosed to amphibolite rocks and obducted together with ophiolites on the Adria continental margine. The new described amphibolite type having peridotite protolith characteristics originated as the consequence of the hydration of the bottom part of the overlying mantle wedge.
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Luna Morales, Mª Elena, and Francisco Collazo Reyes. "Impact of a Big Science discovery, according to two scientific communication models: the case of top quark." Revista española de Documentación Científica 28, no. 1 (March 30, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/redc.2005.v28.i1.162.

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Martins Hummel, Carolina, Maria Clara Rocha Zica, and Fabiana Xavier Cartaxo Salgado. "Manejo clínico e terapêutico de pacientes graves acometidos por Covid-19 em um hospital público do Distrito Federal." Programa de Iniciação Científica - PIC/UniCEUB - Relatórios de Pesquisa, February 10, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5102/pic.n0.2021.8974.

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A doença causada pelo SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) se caracteriza por uma Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave e devido ao seu alto poder de transmissibilidade e o aumento de casos em escala mundial, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) declarou-a como pandemia em março de 2020. O quadro clínico é variável, apresentando-se desde quadros assintomáticos a graves. Dentre as complicações dos quadros graves podemos citar a insuficiência respiratória, choque séptico e/ou falência de múltiplos órgãos, tromboembolismo pulmonar, doença neurológica e cardíaca. Os fatores de risco para o pior prognóstico incluem pacientes maiores de 50 anos, cardiopatas e pneumopatas graves ou descompensados, imunodeprimidos, obesidade mórbida, hipertensão arterial, doentes renais crônicos em estágio avançado, diabéticos e gestantes. Apesar de estar apresentando maior controle no último ano, após a introdução da vacinação, os casos de COVID-19 persistem, o que instiga maiores pesquisas para geração de dados, análises e protocolos de prevenção, detecção e tratamentos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar o manejo clínico e terapêutico de pacientes graves acometidos por COVID-19, traçando seu perfil epidemiológico, alterações em exames laboratoriais e de imagem, fatores de morbimortalidade associados e as principais formas de tratamento instituídas. Para isso realizou-se um estudo transversal, descritivo, de caráter retrospectivo, com revisão de prontuários de pacientes graves acometidos por COVID-19 no Box de Emergência e na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte (HRAN) no período de janeiro a julho/2021. O perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes apontou que a maioria dos acometidos com casos graves tem acima de 50 anos, com uma média de internação de 20 dias, com predomínio do sexo feminino. As principais comorbidades encontradas foram: obesidade, diabetes mellitus, hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doenças cardiovasculares. A maioria das tomografias computadorizadas realizadas apresentou comprometimento bilateral e padrão de vidro fosco. Houve necessidade de ventilação mecânica em 88,15% dos pacientes. Os achados laboratoriais dessa pesquisa, para ambos os desfechos, têm como resultado a presença de anemia, leucocitose; PCR, VHS e ferritina com elevação importante; TGO, TGP, FAL e GGT aumentados, apontando para comprometimento hepático, e hiperbilirrubinemia às custas de bilirrubina indireta. Não foram evidenciadas alterações significativas na contagem de plaquetas. Os valores de D-dímero foram elevados, assim como os de CPK e LDH. Da amostra, 94,7% dos pacientes fizeram o uso de um ou mais antimicrobianos, sendo os principais o meropenem, ceftriaxona e piperacilina/tazobactam. O uso de corticosteroides foi observado em 93,4% dos pacientes, enquanto o uso de anticoagulantes foi observado em 96,1%. Não foi encontrado nenhum paciente em uso de cloroquina, o que está condizente com os tratamentos propostos atualmente. Os achados deste trabalho almejam colaborar com as equipes de assistência em saúde e comunidade científica no manejo do paciente grave acometido por COVID-19, para tanto apontamos em nossos resultados o perfil dos pacientes graves acometidos por COVID-19, as principais comorbidades, as alterações mais importantes encontradas nos exames laboratoriais, os comprometimentos pulmonares mais frequentes e os principais tratamentos instituídos em um hopital público referência no tratamento
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

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Chen, Xiang. "Search for new physics in the four-top-quark production at the ATLAS experiment." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASP002.

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Le Modèle Standard (MS) de la physique des particules constitue le cadre fondamental décrivant les particules élémentaires et leurs interactions. Parmi ses découvertes majeures figure le boson de Higgs, observé en 2012 au Grand Collisionneur de Hadrons (LHC), qui complète le MS et explique la génération de la masse via le mécanisme de Higgs. Le quark top, la particule fondamentale la plus lourde connue, joue un rôle clé dans la stabilité duvide et sert de sonde unique pour la recherche de nouvelle physique. Cette thèse présente la première observation de la production de quatre quarks top(����̄����̄) lors de collisions proton-proton à √�� = 13 TeV, en utilisant 140 fb⁻¹ de données de l’expérience ATLAS. La section efficace mesurée, 22,5 +6,6 −5,5 fb, est en accord avec les prédictions du MS, avec une significativité observée (attendue) de 6.1σ (4.3) σ soit une amélioration de 42 % (65 %) par rapport aux résultats antérieurs. Cette sensibilité accrue résulte d’une meilleure modélisation des bruits de fond, d’une reconstruction améliorée des leptons et de l’utilisation de techniques multivariées avancées. Les résultats contraignent les opérateurs de théorie des champs effectifs tels que cQt1, ctt1, cQQ1 et cQt8, avec des limites sur leurs coefficients (Ci/Λ²) allant de [−1,9 ; 2,1] à [−6,9 ; 7,6] TeV⁻². Par ailleurs, une mesure innovante de la masse polaire du quark top est réalisée à l’aide de sections efficaces différentielles doubles ����̄ à la précision NNLO, exploitant 36 fb⁻¹ de données, avec une incertitude ciblée entre 0,6 % et 1,7%.Une étude annexe démontre également une amélioration de l’identification des jets W/Z boostés grâce à l’algorithme Unified Flow Objects (UFO). Ces avancées approfondissent notre compréhension des propriétés du quark top, testent rigoureusement le Modèle Standard, et ouvrent des perspectives pour la découverte d’une physique au-delà de celui-ci
The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics provides the foundational framework describing elementary particles and their interactions. Among its key discoveries was the Higgs boson, observed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in 2012, which completes the SM and explains mass generation via the Higgs mechanism. The top quark, the heaviest known fundamental particle, plays a critical role in vacuum stability and serves as a unique probe for new physics. This thesis presents the first observation of four-top-quark production (����̄����̄) in proton-proton collisions at √�� = 13 TeV using 140 fb⁻¹ of ATLAS data. The measured cross-section, 22.5 +6.6 −5.5 fb, agrees with SM predictions, with an observed (expected) significance of 6.1σ (4.3σ). Enhanced sensitivity stems from improved background modeling, lepton reconstruction, and multivariate techniques. The results constrain effective field theory operators such as the cQt1, ctt1, cQQ1 and cQt8, with limits on their coefficients (Ci/Λ²) ranging from [−1.9, 2.1] to [−6.9, 7.6] TeV⁻². Additionally, a novel measurement of the top quark pole mass is performed using double-differential ����̄ cross-sections at NNLO precision with 36 fb⁻¹ of data, targeting a precision of 0.6–1.7%. A study in the appendix demonstrates improved identification of boosted ��/�� jets via the Unified Flow Objects (UFO) algorithm. These advancements deepen our understanding of top quark properties, rigorously test the SM, and pave the way for discoveries beyond
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Paredes, Hernandez D. "Recherche de Nouvelle Physique dans les événements à quatre quarks top avec le détecteur ATLAS du LHC." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932094.

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Cette thèse a pour but la recherche de Nouvelle Physique dans les événements à quatre quarks top en utilisant les données collectées dans les collisions proton-proton par l'expérience ATLAS au LHC. L'ensemble des données correspond à celui enregistré pendant tout 2011 à √s = 7 TeV et une partie de l'année 2012 à √s = 8 TeV. L'analyse est concentrée sur un état final avec deux leptons (des électrons et des muons) avec la même charge électrique. Cette signature est expérimentalement privilégiée puisque la présence de deux leptons avec le même signe dans l'état final permet de réduire le bruit du fond qui vient des processus du Modèle Standard. Les résultats sont interprétés dans le contexte d'une théorie effective à basse énergie, qui suppose que la Nouvelle Physique peut se manifester à basse énergie comme une interaction de contact à quatre tops droits. Dans ce contexte, cette analyse permet de prouver un type de théorie au delà du Modèle Standard qui, à basse énergie, peut se manifester de cette manière. Les bruits du fond pour cette recherche ont été estimés en utilisant des échantillons simulés et des techniques axées sur les données. Différentes sources d'incertitudes systématiques ont été considérées. La sélection finale des événements a été optimisée en visant à minimiser la limite supérieure attendue sur la section efficace de production des quatre tops si aucun événement de signal n'est trouvé. La région du signal a été ensuite examinée à la recherche d'un excès d'événement en comparaison avec le bruit du fond prévu. Aucun excès d'événement n'a été observé, et la limite supérieure observée sur la section efficace de production de quatre quarks top a été calculée. Ceci a permis de calculer la limite supérieure sur la constante de couplage C/lambda 2 du modèle. Une limite supérieure sur la section efficace de production de quatre tops dans le Modèle Standard a été aussi calculée dans l'analyse à √s = 8 TeV. En plus de l'analyse physique du signal de quatre tops, des études concernant le système d'étalonnage LASER du calorimètre Tile ont été présentées. Ces études sont liées au système des photodiodes utilisé pour mesurer l'intensité de la lumière dans le système LASER.
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Simon, Dorian. "Recherche de Nouvelle Physique dans les événements à quatre quarks top avec le sélecteur ATLAS auprès du LHC." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22590/document.

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Malgré ses nombreux succès, tels la récente découverte d'un boson compatible avec le boson BEH, le Modèle Standard présente un certain nombre de lacunes. Celles-ci poussent à la recherche d'une Nouvelle Physique, pouvant, entre autres exemples, prendre la forme de dimensions d'espace supplémentaires. Ce sont des événements à quatre quarks top issus des prédictions d'un tel modèle, le 2UED/RPP, présentant deux dimensions d'espace supplémentaires universelles compactifiées selon la géométrie du Plan Projectif Réel, qui sont recherchés dans cette thèse. Cette recherche se fait au travers d'une signature comportant au moins deux leptons (électrons ou muons) de mêmes charges électriques. Deux analyses successives sont détaillées. La première se base sur les premiers 14,3 fb-1 enregistrés lors de collisions proton-proton de 2012 avec une énergie dans le référentiel du centre de masse de la collision de 8 TeV. Elle place une limite observée (attendue) inférieure à un niveau de confiance de 95 % sur mKK, principal paramètre du modèle, à 0,90 TeV (0,92 TeV). Cette limite s'entend dans le cas où les deux dimensions ont le même rayon de courbure et où le rapport d'embranchement de A(1 ; 1) en tt est de 100 %. La seconde analyse étend la première à la totalité des 20,3 fb-1 de données enregistrées tout en raffinant les procédures utilisées. Un excès de données est observé avec une signification de moins de 2,5 déviations standard. Aucune des vérifications entreprises n'indique de défaut dans l'analyse pouvant expliquer cet excès. La nouvelle limite est de 0,96 TeV (1,05 TeV). Cette nouvelle analyse permet également de placer des limites sur les paramètres du modèle dans d'autres configurations. Ce développement du nouveau système d'étalonnage par LASER (ou LASER II) du calorimètre à tuiles scintillantes d' ATLAS
Despite its numerous success, like the recent discovery of a boson compatible with the BEH boson, the Standard Model shows some deficiences. Those lead to a search for New Physics, which may take, among others, the form of extra space dimensions. In this thesis, four-top-quarks events arising from a such model, the 2UED /RPP, are searched for. The 2UED /RPP has two universal extra space dimensions compactified under the Real Projective Plane geometry. This search uses a signature with ar least two same-sign leptons (electrons and/or muons). Two successive analyses are presented. The first one uses the first 14,3 fb-1 recorded during 2012 proton-proton collisions occurring with a collision center-of-mass referential energy of 8 TeV. In the case where both extra dimensions have the same compactification radius and where the branching ratio of A(1 ; 1) in tt is 100 %, this analysis puts a lower observed (expected) limit on mKK (main model parameter) at 0,90 TeV (0,92 TeV) with a confidence level of 95 %. The second analysis extend the first one to the full 20,3 fb-1 dataset while refining the procedures in use. An excess of data with a significance of less than 2,5 standard deviations is observed. Non of the cross-checks done shows any default which could explain the excess. The new limit is 0,96 TeV (1,05 TeV). This second analysis also allows to put limits on the model's parameters in other configurations. Finally, this document also presents the author's contribution to the first stages of the LASER II development. The LASER II is the new LASER calibration system of ATLAS's Tile Calorimeter
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Paredes, Hernández Daniela. "Search for New Physics in events with 4 top quarks in the ATLAS detector at the LHC." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921146.

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This thesis presents the search for New Physics in events with four top quarks using the data collected in proton-proton collisions by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to the one taken during all 2011 at √s = 7 TeV and a part of 2012 at √s = 8 TeV. The analysis focuses on a final state with two leptons (electrons and muons) with the same electric charge. This signature is experimentally favored since the presence of two same-sign leptons in the final state allows to reduce the background coming from Standard Model (SM) processes. The results are interpreted in the context of a low energy effective field theory, which assumes that New Physics at low energy can manifest itself as a four right-handed top contact interaction. In this context, this analysis allows testing a class of beyond-the-SM (BSM) theories which at low energy can manifest in this way. Backgrounds to this search have been estimated using simulated samples and data-driven techniques. Different sources of systematic uncertainties have been also considered. The final selection of events has been optimized by aiming at minimizing the expected upper limit on the four tops production cross-section in case of no signal events found. The signal region is then analyzed by looking for an excess of events with respect to the predicted background. No excess of events has been observed, and the observed upper limit on the four tops production cross-section has been computed. This limit is then translated to an upper limit on the coupling strength C=2 of the model. An upper limit on the four tops production cross-section in the SM has been also computed in the analysis performed at √s = 8 TeV. In addition to the physics analysis of the four tops signal, some studies about the LASER calibration system of the ATLAS Tile calorimeter are presented. In particular, they are related to the photodiodes system used to measure the intensity of the laser light in the LASER system.
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Chevalérias, Thibault. "Caractérisation de grands détecteurs Micromegas pour le projet New Small Wheel et recherche de la production de quatre quarks top avec le détecteur ATLAS au LHC." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS172/document.

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Ce travail de thèse a été effectué au sein de la collaboration ATLAS au LHC. Il s'intéresse dans un premier temps au développement de nouveaux détecteurs Micromegas pour le projet NSW, et dans un second temps à la recherche d'un processus physique très rare : la production de quatre quarks top au LHC, à une énergie dans le centre de masse de 13 TeV. Le programme de physique du LHC prévoit une augmentation significative de la luminosité de l'accélérateur dans les années à venir, en particulier pour la phase haute-luminosité dont le démarrage est prévu en 2026. Certains composants du détecteur ATLAS doivent être mis à jour, notamment les petites roues du spectromètre à muons qui vont devoir supporter une irradiation bien supérieure au niveau actuel. De nouvelles petites roues (NSW) sont en cours de développement et une partie des détecteurs Micromegas pour ces petites roues est construite par l'IRFU. Les performances de ces détecteurs sont validées sur un banc de test utilisant des muons cosmiques. Dans cette thèse, l'objectif a été de développer un code d'analyse des données de ce nouveau banc de test afin de caractériser les détecteurs Micromegas pour le projet NSW. Le code fournit notamment des informations de gain et d'efficacité de détection, et sera utilisé jusqu'à la fin du projet. Les efficacités mesurées sont globalement en accord avec les attentes sauf sur certaines parties des détecteurs qui doivent être investiguées. Le quark top est un élément central de plusieurs théories au-delà du modèle standard, comme par exemple les modèles avec des dimensions supplémentaires, ou encore qui incluent une modification du secteur du boson de Higgs. Certains de ces modèles prédisent une augmentation de la section efficace de production de quatre quarks top qui est un phénomène très rare dans le modèle standard et dont la section efficace ne vaut qu'environ 12 fb à 13 TeV. L'étude du processus à quatre tops dans le canal à deux leptons de même charge électrique est particulièrement intéressante car le niveau de bruit de fond y est très faible. Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse d'abord à l'analyse des événements à quatre tops avec le détecteur ATLAS, portant sur les données prises en 2015 et 2016. L'étude de ce processus est un défi de par le faible nombre d'événements disponibles, mais aussi à cause du bruit de fond dû aux faux leptons qui est difficile à estimer. Plusieurs limites sont posées sur des modèles de nouvelle physique, et sur la production conforme au modèle standard. Cette dernière limite est combinée avec un résultat provenant du canal à un lepton pour fournir la meilleure limite au moment de sa publication. Le processus de production de quatre quarks top conforme au modèle standard est à nouveau étudié avec l'entièreté des données prises entre 2015 et 2018, dans le but d'en effectuer une première observation. L'analyse de données est en cours, et cette thèse se concentre sur le développement d'une nouvelle méthode d'estimation du bruit de fond dû aux faux leptons
This doctoral work was carried out as a member of the ATLAS collaboration at the LHC, an accelerator with a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The development of new Micromegas detectors for the NSW project has been studied, along with the search for a very rare physics process : the production of four top quarks at the LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The physics programme of the LHC plans a significant increase of the luminosity in the coming years, especially for the high-luminosity phase beginning in 2026. Some parts of the ATLAS detectors must be upgraded to cope with the increased radiation levels. The small wheels of the muon spectrometer will be replaced by new small wheels (NSW) using Micromegas detectors. IRFU is responsible for producing some of the detectors, which performances are being validated on a test bench using cosmic muons. During this doctoral work, the aim was to develop an analysis code for the test bench data, in order to characterize the Micromegas detectors of the NSW project. The code provides gain and detection efficiency informations, and will be used until the end of the project. The measured efficiencies are in agreement with the expectations except in some parts of the detectors that are being investigated. The top quark plays a central role in many theories beyond the standard model, for instance in models with extra dimensions, or with a modification of the Higgs boson sector. Many of these models predict an enhanced cross section for the very rare four top quark process, which is predicted to be approximately 12 fb at 13 TeV. The study of the four top quark process is particularly interesting in the channel with leptons having the same electric charge because of the very low background level. This doctoral work is firstly carried out on the data taken in 2015 and 2016 by the ATLAS detector, in order to study the four top quark process and some new physics models. This process is very challenging given the very low number of events, and the difficult estimation of the fake lepton background. Several limits are set on new physics models and on the standard model four top quark production. The results on the standard model process are combined with the results from the single lepton channel to set the tightest limit at the time of its publication. The four top quark production is being studied again, using the data taken from 2015 to 2018 this time, with the aim of making a first observation of this process. The doctoral work is focused on a new method for estimating the fake lepton background
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Sánchez, Carlos Andrés. "Measurement of the Top Quark Mass with Neural Networks." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1039046089.

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Strandberg, Jonas. "Top Quarks at the Tevatron : Measurements of the Top Quark Production and Decay with the D0 Experiment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Physics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-879.

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This thesis presents two measurements of the top quark using 230 pb-1 of data taken with the D0 detector at the Tevatron accelerator. The first measurement determines the top pair production cross section at sqrt(s)=1.96 TeV in proton-antiproton collisions. In the standard model of particle physics the top quark decays almost exclusively into a W boson and a b quark. Candidate events are selected by requiring that at least one jet in the event is tagged with the secondary vertex algorithm. The measured top pair production cross section is:

8.6 +1.6-1.5 (stat. + syst.) +- 0.6 (lumi.) pb.

The second measurement uses the observed and predicted number of events with 0, 1 and 2 b-tagged jets to estimate the ratio R:

R = B(t->Wb) / B(t->Wq)

where q stands for any down-type quark. The measured value is

R = 1.03 +0.19-0.17 (stat. + syst.)

in good agreement with the standard model prediction of R=1. The result can be used to obtain a lower limit for R:

R > 0.61 (95% C.L.).

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Moniez, Marc. "Recherche du quark top auprès du détecteur UA2 au collisionneur proton-antiproton du CERN." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112214.

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Cette thèse expose les résultats de la recherche du quark top à l'expérience UA2 du CERN, dans les collisions proton-antiproton aux énergies de 546 GeV et 630 GeV dans le centre de masse, pour une luminosité intégrée de 894 nb-1. Un signal provenant de la désintégration semi-leptonique du quark top (t donne b +électron+ neutrino) a été recherché dans les ensembles d'événements qui contiennent un électron identifié dans l'appareillage et 0,1 ou 2 jets. L'étude détaillée des bruits de fond expérimentaux dus à une mauvaise identification des électrons a été menée ; de même, les sources connues d'électrons réels ont été évaluées à l'aide d'un programme de simulation. Compte tenu de ces études et de la simulation de la production de quark top, une analyse statistique des événements avec 1 électron et 2 jets a permis une discussion sur l'établissement d'une limite inférieure pela masse du quark top. Une limite supérieure sur la production de quark top par le processus (proton-antiproton donne top-antitop) est donnée en fonction de la masse du top. L'extrapolation des études de bruits de fond et de production est développée pour l'expérience UA2' et il est estimé que cette expérience sera en mesure de découvrir le quark top si sa masse est inférieure à 70 GeVfc2.
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Bilokin, Sviatoslav. "Cascades hadroniques dans un calorimètre électromagnétique silicium-tungstène hautement granulaire et production des quarks top et bottom à l'ILC." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS599/document.

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Cette thèse présente des études pour l’International Linear Collider (ILC), un collisionneur électron-positron linéaire avec une énergie nominale dans le centre de masse de 250 GeV à 500 GeV. Les données analysées ont été enregistrées avec le prototype physique CALICE d’un calorimètre électromagnétique silice-tungstène (Si-W ECAL) à FermiLab en 2008. Au cours de cette thèse, un algorithme de recherche de traces a été développé, qui trouve des traces secondaires dans les événements hadroniques enregistrés par le prototype Si-W ECAL. Cet algorithme révèle des détails sur les interactions hadroniques dans le volume du détecteur et les résultats sont comparés avec des simulations basées sur le GEANT4 toolkit. Les recherches indirectes de nouvelle physique nécessitent une haute précision sur les mesures des paramètres de Modèle Standard. Théories de la physique au-delà de Modèle Standard, comme théories de dimensions supplémentaires ou modèles composite, impliquent des modifications des couplages électrofaibles des quarks lourds, top et bottom. La deuxième partie de la thèse est une étude de simulation complète des algorithmes de vertexing dans l’environnement ILD et la reconstruction de la charge de quark b. La reconstruction de la charge du quark bottom est essentielle pour de nombreux canaux de physique à l’ILC, particulièrement, pour les réactions e⁺e⁻ → bb̄ et e⁺e⁻ → tt̄ . L’algorithme développé améliore la performance de reconstruction de la charge du quark bottom. Les méthodes de reconstruction de la charge du quark bottom sont appliquées à l’analyse du mécanisme de production tt̄ . Cela permet d’augmenter la statistique pour l’estimation du facteur de forme électrofaible du quark top par rapport à une étude antérieure et donc de diminuer les incertitudes statistiques correspondantes. Les résultats de l’étude du détecteur permettent d’estimer la précision de l’ILC sur les couplages et les facteurs de forme électrofaibles du quark bottom. L’ILC sera capable de résoudre l’anomalie du LEP dans le processus de production bb̄. La précision de l’ILC sur le couplage droite Z⁰bb̄, un candidat majeur pour les effets de la nouvelle physique, est calculée et est au moins 5 fois mieux que celle des expériences de LEP
This thesis presents studies for the International Linear Collider (ILC),a linear electron-positron collider with a nominal center-of-mass energy of 500 GeV. Data are analysed that were recorded with the physics prototype of the CALICE silicon-tungsten electromagnetic calorimeter (Si-W ECAL) prototype at FermiLab in 2008. During this thesis, a track-finding algorithm was developed, which finds secondary tracks in hadronic events recorded by the Si-W ECAL physics prototype. This algorithm reveals details of hadronic interactions in the detector volume and the results are compared with simulations based on the geant4 toolkit.Indirect searches of New Physics require a high precision on the measurements of the Standard Model parameters. Many Beyond Standard Model theories, like extradimentional or composite models, imply modifications of electroweak couplings of the heavy quarks, top and bottom. The second part of the thesis is a full simulation study of vertexing algorithms in the ILD environment and the reconstruction of the b-quark charge. The b-quark charge reconstruction is essential for many physics channels at the ILC, particularly, for the e+ e− → bb̄ and the e+ e− → tt̄ channels. The developed algorithm improves the b-quark charge reconstruction performance.The b-quark charge reconstruction methods are applied to the tt̄ production process. This allows to increase statistics for the top quark electroweak form factor estimation w.r.t an earlier study and thus to decrease corresponding statistical uncertainties.The results of the detector study allow for an estimation of the ILC precision on the b-quark electroweak couplings and form factors. The ILC will be able to resolve the LEP anomaly in the bb̄ production process. The ILC precision on the right-handed Z⁰bb̄ coupling, a prime candidate for effects of new physics, is calculated to be at least 5 times better than theLEP experiments
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Cinca, Diane. "Etude de la production de paires de quarks TOP avec ATLAS au LHC, mesure de la masse du quark TOP." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00653792.

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Découvert en 1995 à Fermilab, le quark top est le dernier quark découvert. La mesure de ses propriétés permet de tester les prédictions du Modèle Standard et de contraindre la masse du boson de Higgs. De par ses propriétés, le quark top est aussi un partenaire privilégié dans la recherche de particules de Nouvelle Physique attendues à l'échelle du TeV. Ce travail de thèse, effectué auprès du détecteur ATLAS au LHC, présente les méthodes mises en oeuvre afin de mesurer la masse du quark top dans sa désintégration semileptonique. Différentes méthodes de reconstruction des évènements top sont présentées ainsi qu'une analyse dédiée basée sur les arbres de décision boostés. Ses performances sont quantifiées. La mesure précise de la masse du quark top nécessite une compréhension approfondie de l'échelle en énergie des jets. Deux stratégies sont présentées afin de calibrer les jets légers et les jets issus de quark b à l'échelle partonique. Les performances d'un ajustement cinématique appliqué à la mesure de la masse du quark top sont présentées. Une mesure de la masse du quark top est extraite en utilisant une définition de la masse calibrée à l'échelle partonique.
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Books on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

1

e̕man, Yuval Ne. The particle hunters. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

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Arnold, J. Douglas. Nintendo 64: Survival Guide Volume Two. Lahaina, Maui, HI: Sandwich Islands Publishing Company, 1998.

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Vigdor, Steven E. Trinity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 explains evidence for three generations of quarks and leptons, as needed to provide natural means for standard model CP violation. It describes the cross-generational mixing of quarks and of neutrinos of different flavor, and the matrices that characterize the mixing. CP violation from quark mixing is well measured but insufficient to explain the universe’s matter–antimatter imbalance, while CP violation in neutrino mixing is the subject of ongoing searches. Discoveries revealing and quantifying flavor oscillations among neutrinos from the sun and the atmosphere are reviewed. In describing attempts to understand the lightness and nature of neutrinos—whether they are Majorana neutrinos that are their own antiparticles—the chapter introduces the concept of chirality and searches for neutrinoless double beta decay. It also notes the strong CP problem, wherein nature maintains CP symmetry in interactions among the three quark colors even though quantum chromodynamics allows for sizable violations.
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Vigdor, Steven E. Water, Water, Here and There. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 deals with the stability of the proton, hence of hydrogen, and how to reconcile that stability with the baryon number nonconservation (or baryon conservation) needed to establish a matter–antimatter imbalance in the infant universe. Sakharov’s three conditions for establishing a matter–antimatter imbalance are presented. Grand unified theories and experimental searches for proton decay are described. The concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is introduced in describing the electroweak phase transition in the infant universe. That transition is treated as the potential site for introducing the imbalance between quarks and antiquarks, via either baryogenesis or leptogenesis models. The up–down quark mass difference is presented as essential for providing the stability of hydrogen and of the deuteron, which serves as a crucial stepping stone in stellar hydrogen-burning reactions that generate the energy and elements needed for life. Constraints on quark masses from lattice QCD calculations and violations of chiral symmetry are discussed.
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O’Madagain, Cathal. Outsourcing Concepts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801764.003.0003.

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It appears to be the case that some of our concepts have their content fixed by the minds of others. For example, we might have thoughts involving the concept QUARK, without knowing quite what quarks are. In such a case, we are likely to accept the authority of a physicist to tell us what exactly we are thinking about. This phenomenon, known as ‘social externalism’ about concepts, is puzzling both in terms of how such concepts are supposed to work, but also in terms of why we should have concepts whose content is fixed by the minds of others. In this chapter it is argued that if we think about social externalism in terms of extended mind reasoning we find a better account of how deferential concepts work, and why we have them, than has hitherto been available.
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Vigdor, Steven E. Where’s the Antimatter Gone, Long Time Passing? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814825.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 describes experiments searching for CP symmetry violations that might account for the matter–antimatter imbalance in our universe. It describes the historical discovery of mesons and quantum-mechanical oscillations between particle and antiparticle (i.e., particle–antiparticle oscillations) in the neutral K meson and heavier meson systems. It introduces quarks and quark flavor. The chapter relates CP violation to violations of time reversal invariance that might be revealed by a spatial separation of positive and negative electric charge within or around the fundamental constituent particles of matter. It describes a halfcentury of experimental searches, including ongoing projects, for the particle electric dipole moments that would characterize such a charge separation. Technological advances (such as ultra-cold neutron beams) and theoretical concepts (such as vacuum polarization) relevant to these searches are introduced. While some CP violation has been clearly observed, its extent remains insufficient to account for the universe’s matter–antimatter imbalance.
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Campbell, John, Joey Huston, and Frank Krauss. Data at the TEVATRON. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199652747.003.0008.

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Before the LHC, there was the Tevatron, which ran at the high-energy frontier for approximately 25 years. Many of the modern analysis tools used at the LHC were first developed at the Tevatron. In this chapter, benchmark data analyses (and related theoretical tools), such as for W/Z bosons, photons, and jets, are described. The apex of the Tevatron was the discovery of the top quark. Measurements of the top quark cross section and of the top quark mass are examined and tt¯ asymmetry measurements and predictions are reviewed. Although attributed to many Beyond-the-Standard Model scenarios, the ultimate explanation for the larger than expected asymmetry turned out to be higher order QCD. There were very active Higgs boson searches at the Tevatron. Although the Tevatron was able to somewhat exclude the allowed Higgs mass range, time ran out before any observation could be made. This was left to the LHC.
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Kalinin, A. A., Ye E. Savchenko, and V. Yu Prokofiev. Mineralogy and genesis of the Oleninskoe gold deposit (Kola Peninsula). FRC KSC RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/978.5.91137.446.4.

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Data on geology of the Oleninskoe deposit, and results of mineralogical and geochemical investigations of ores and altered rocks are presented. Mineralization is connected with granite porphyry sills, an end member of gabbrodiorite-diorite-granodiorite complex of minor intrusions. The main alteration processes are diopsidization and biotitization, formation of quartz-muscovite-albite, quartz-aresenopyrite-tourmaline, and quartz metasomatic rocks. More than 50 ore minerals (sulfides, sulfosalts, tellurides, and native metals) were identified in the ore, including 20 minerals of silver and gold. Mineral associations in the ore and sequence of mineral formation are defined. Five generations of gold-silver alloys are identified, its composition covers spectrum from native silver to high-grade gold. Mineralized fluids in the deposit are of high salinity (sodium and calcium chlorides), and rich in As, Sb, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Ag. The Oleninskoe deposit is classified as an epithermal metamorphosed gold deposit.The book is of interest for specialists in economic geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of ore deposits.
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Longstaffe, Stephen. The Plebeians Revise the Uprising. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806899.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses the plebeian rebellion sequence in 2 Henry VI, noting that although both Quarto and Folio versions seem to derive from a lost, parent source, all modern editions of the scene are based on the Folio, and little scrutiny has been devoted to its revisions. Performing this task, the chapter demonstrates that, politically, the Quarto excises much potentially troubling matter: minimizing the confrontationalism of plebeian class anger, violence, and destruction, and making the rebellion funnier. Reducing the megalomaniac distance of Cade from his followers, it restores to him some solidarity and credibility as an authentic commons leader. In narrative content, and in the liberatingly antinomian quality of its laughter, the Quarto’s rebellion relaunches the endangered radical tradition in a mode of heightened appeal: renewing the vision of ‘Merry England’ as a realm free of gentlemen.
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Bouchez, Jean-Luc, and Adolphe Nicolas. Principles of Rock Deformation and Tectonics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843876.001.0001.

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This book, based on laboratory, teaching and field experience, has a strong focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks, from both the continental crust worldwide, where quartz and granites are dominant, and the mantle dominated by olivine in peridotites. With more than 250 figures, most of them original, the book develops, in addition to classical structural geology objects, the fundamentals of brittle fracturing of materials, plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, and fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas. Measurement and orientation of stress axes, bases of neotectonics and geophysics, and practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books, are also provided. Emblematic tectonic and geodynamic sites are presented, both from the oceanic and continental crust, for instance the Oman ophiolites, and the India-Eurasia collision and its associated shear zones. Since the targeted readers are present-day young students, a few structural geology exercises are also included in order to improve their abilities.
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Book chapters on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

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Henrichs, Anna Christine. "The Top Quark in the Context of the Standard Model." In Top Quark Pair Production, 5–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01487-6_2.

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Quadt, Arnulf. "Top quark physics at hadron colliders." In Top Quark Physics at Hadron Colliders, 1–166. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71060-8_1.

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Kieseler, Jan. "Extraction of the Top-Quark Mass." In Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass, 83–102. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40005-1_6.

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Defranchis, Matteo M. "Simultaneous Measurement of the Top Quark Pair Production Cross Section and the Top Quark Mass." In First Measurement of the Running of the Top Quark Mass, 67–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90376-3_5.

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Kieseler, Jan. "Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass." In Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass, 103–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40005-1_7.

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Kieseler, Jan. "Measurement of the Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Section." In Top-Quark Pair Production Cross Sections and Calibration of the Top-Quark Monte-Carlo Mass, 57–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40005-1_5.

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Henrichs, Anna Christine. "Introduction." In Top Quark Pair Production, 1–3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01487-6_1.

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Henrichs, Anna Christine. "Experimental Setup." In Top Quark Pair Production, 27–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01487-6_3.

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Henrichs, Anna Christine. "Objects and Processes." In Top Quark Pair Production, 45–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01487-6_4.

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Henrichs, Anna Christine. "General Analysis Strategy." In Top Quark Pair Production, 91–123. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01487-6_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

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Soares, Mara Senghi. "Measurement of the properties of top quarks in decays (top quark and W polarization, top quark charge and couplings) with the CMS detector." In The European Physical Society Conference on High Energy Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.180.0247.

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Cuevas Maestro, Javier. "Top Quark Properties." In XIII International Conference on Heavy Quarks and Leptons. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.274.0039.

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Fernandez Menendez, Javier. "Top-quark properties." In Fourth Annual Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.276.0038.

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Iorio, Alfredo. "Top quark measurements." In XXIV International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.265.0010.

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Erbacher, Robin D. "Top Quark Physics." In XXV PHYSICS IN COLLISION: Proceedings of the XXV International Conference on Physics in Collision. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2173574.

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JUSTE, AURELIO. "TOP QUARK MEASUREMENTS." In Proceedings of the XXII International Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812704023_0001.

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Boos, E. "TOP QUARK PHYSICS." In Proceedings of the 12th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772657_0049.

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Schulze, Markus. "Top quark physics." In Sixth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.321.0135.

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Larios, F. "Top Quark Physics." In PARTICLES AND FIELDS: X Mexican Workshop on Particles and Fields. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2359399.

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Meyer, Andreas. "Top Quark Properties." In XXVII International Symposium on Lepton Photon Interactions at High Energies. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.245.0028.

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Reports on the topic "Quatre quarks top"

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Strandberg, Jonas. Top quarks at the Tevatron: Measurements of the top quark production and decay with the D0 experiment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/898403.

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Maki, Tuula. Top quark mass measurement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924194.

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Smirnov, Dmitri. Measurement of the ratio of top-quark branching fractions top quark decaying to W boson and bottom quark and top quark decaying to W boson and any quark in the lepton + jets and dilepton channels at the Collider Detector at Fermilab. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1415850.

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Cassada, Josh Aaron. A Search for new particles decaying into top quark anti-top quark pairs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1375733.

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Thompson, J. Observation of the top quark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/79708.

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Wicke, Daniel. Properties of the Top Quark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/979414.

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Protopopescu, P. Observation of the top quark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/105721.

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Jaros, John A. Top Quark Physics: Future Measurements. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/813089.

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Demers Konezny, Sarah Marie. A measurement of the branching ratio of top quark decaying to tau lepton-neutrino-quark. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1369284.

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Hsieh, Tzu-Chung Frank. Measurement of the top quark mass. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372275.

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