Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Québec (Province) – Climat'
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Matte, Dominic. "Climatologie de l'ensoleillement au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28727/28727.pdf.
Full textBoissonneault, Julie. "L'influence de la victimisation indirecte sur la perception du climat scolaire des élèves du secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25175.
Full textThe consequences of indirect violence on school students have recently become top stories in the media. It is becoming obvious that this kind of violence may not be as mild as it was first considered and that it plays an important role in school success. This study reveals the impact of indirect victimization has on a students’ perception of their school climate. Questionnaires were administered to a sample of 2290 students ranging from secondary one to five from seven different high schools in rural and semi-rural zones. The sample was part of a national study meant to give a portrait of school violence in the Province of Quebec. Regression analysis stated that indirect victimization on students have a negative impact on their perception of different aspects of their school climate. A greater impact was noticed on the population of victimized students than on the general population of students. The results showed a greater negative impact on the secondary one, four and five boys and on the secondary two and three girls, but when considering the total population; no distinction was noted between the two genders. This research brings up numerous questions on the bidirectional relationship between the perception of a school’s climate and indirect victimization as well as the impact of other variables like personal traits, institutional discrimination, belonging and gender perception in this whole dynamic. Keywords: School violence, victimization, indirect violence, school climat.
Poulin, Rosalie. "Victimisation par les pairs et climat scolaire : une étude menée en contexte de persévérance et de réussite scolaires chez des élèves du secondaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26982.
Full textThis study aims to analyze the link between school climate and peer victimization in context of school achievement and perseverance in high school. After the demonstration of existing theoretical links between these three variables, this research evaluates the influence of school climate that we approach through four components (feeling of security, feeling of justice, relationship and support, collaboration and participation) on six types of school victimization (physical, verbal, psychological, physical, electronic, sexual nature). The findings of this research, that was conducted among 2,154 students from secondary one to five, show evidence that the component of the sub-climate "Feeling of security" has the greatest impact on the six studied forms of victimization; meaning that students who feel safe in their school are less likely to experience the six different forms of violence. The influence of the other school climate components on victimzation is very low. Since the experience of victimization and the perception of a negative school climate can affect the school achievement and perseverance and hinder graduation, and that the decision to drop out of secondary education is often taken during the 4th and 5th year of high school (Frase, 1989; MELS, 2009), we focus on this specific group of students in the third part of this thesis work. The analysis conducted specifically among secondary four and five students (n = 715) indicates that those who are victims of at least one of the six distinct form of violence declare a more negative perception of each school climate component compare to non-victims. Precisely, victims of physical and verbal forms perceive more negativel the four school climate components and victims of material, psychological and sexual nature forms judge also more negatively every school climate components, except for the safety climate. These results show that school climate perception influence victimization for all high school students and highlight how victimization, experienced in secondary four and five, affect more negatively their school climate perception. Some reflections are finally suggested to guide future research as well as some practical outcome for school settings.
Bannon, Joëlle. "La perception du climat motivationnel instauré par l'entraîneur et la propension au burnout chez des nageurs québécois de haut niveau." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28831/28831.pdf.
Full textCaron, Hélène. "Succès et difficultés de la mise en œuvre des plans d'action de lutte contre les changements climatiques du gouvernement québécois 2006-2012 et 2013-2020." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36236.
Full textClimate change represents what science says and what politics is increasingly taking into account (Ouranos, 2015). The purpose of this thesis aims to document the implementation of the two last action plans against global warming, prepared by the Governement of Québec, namely Le Québec et les changements climatiques : un défi pour l’avenir. Plan d’action 2006-2012, and Le Québec en action. Vert 2020. Plan d’action 2013-2020 sur les changements climatiques. At the junction between the analysis of public action (Matland, 1995 ; Kübler et Maillard, 2009) and the theoretical framework of the ecological modernization and its tradition of the public policies sociology (Béal, 2016), this thesis tries to answer two questions : how is the implementation carried out and why are there successes and difficulties to this adoption? Québec gets its foot in a low-carbon society, through the wind and hydroelectric energy tandem. However, fighting against climate change represents a major challenge, which Québec has accepted with an ambitious target. The PACC 2006-2012 got some basis implemented, but there remains a lot to do and outcomes remain unknown : will the PACC 2013-2020 achieve its greenhouse gas emissions reduction target of 20 % below the line of 1990 (Gouvernement du Québec, 2012a, p. I) ? At march 31, 2016, one notes the under-implementation of the PACC 2013-2020, since 22 % only of the planned budget had already been spent (MDDELCC, 2017a, p. 46). Greenhouse gas emissions reduction and climate change adaptation are lagging behind projections. The thesis fits into the theoretical framework of the ecological modernization (Huber, 1982 ; Spaargaren et Mol, 1992 ; Hajer, 1995 ; Jänicke, 1995 ; Mol, 2003 ; Christoff, 2009 ; Spaargaren et al., 2009 ; Toke, 2011), which many people present as the sociological version of the sustainable development project, focused on state and industrial actors, then the civil society (Buttel, 2003). Moreover, source of analytical and comprehensive wealth, which escapes from quantitative studies, the preferred method is semi-directive interviews (Fortin, 2013) with the supervisors of the two PACC, public authorities for the greater part, as well as content analysis (Leray, 2008) for data treatment. But the obvious limitations of the indicators and the qualitative method involve a partial validation of the hypotheses. Otherwise, the ecological modernization thesis takes place in a long-term perspective and requires time for an empirical testing (Guay, 2018)...
Houle, David. "Le choix des instruments de la politique environnementale québécoise : le cas des précipitations acides, de l'appauvrissement de la couche d'ozone et des changements climatiques." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19510.
Full textBoiné, Kévin. "La chaleur urbaine en climat nordique : évaluation et représentation à l'échelle du piéton." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28197.
Full textHuman comfort is essential in relation to urban heat issues related to global climate changes. City centers generally associate with a high concentration of pedestrians and still represent the district prone to urban heat. This research studies lighting and thermal atmospheres to evaluate and represent urban heat at the pedestrian scale in an urban center of Quebec City, Canada, which consists of a cold climate. The study on urban heat islands in the Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Cap-Blanc districts was performed at the pedestrian scale to visualize the perception of urban heat in summer. The research uses an architectural stroll, the urban walk, to carry out a survey of the environment physical properties. The urban walk designates the in situ sensory experience of a pedestrian in the city, La promenade urbaine. An innovative spatio-temporal representational strategy characterizes the results of the research. The results are thus synthesized along a spatial axis in ordinate and a temporal axis on the abscissa. Qualitative and quantitative measurements according to the human field of vision describe the urban promenade. The developed methodology enables to establish an experimental protocol linking environmental physical data (surface and air temperatures) and photographic data. The results allow locating the physical elements favoring the phenomenon of urban heat island through the study of the materials used on the surface. The spatio-temporality of the results compares the different urban types encountered during the urban walk in Quebec City. Results illustrate two different levels of environmental interpretations of the ambient evaluations in relation to urban heat island. The first level consists of a comparative study of two urban types through lighting and thermal reactions of surfaces while the second consists of a longitudinal study on the experience of a pedestrian during a complete urban walk.
Giroux-Works, Nakeyah. "Expériences d'un climat en changement : conditions socio-économiques et défis environnementaux chez les pêcheurs et agriculteurs madelinots." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28140.
Full textThis master’s thesis focuses on the discourses and practices by which the Magdalen Islands fishermen and farmers address the issue of climate change. These Madelinots contend daily with climate-related factors in their activities based upon environment exploitation. Guided by the approaches of environmental history and political ecology, this master’s thesis examines the scope of human actions on the nature, the significations given to nature and their resulting socio-environmental repercussions. Likewise, this study aims to better understand the place of climate change in local discourses about the economic livelihoods of fishermen and farmers, the environmental degradations and the energy future of the archipelago. It also demonstrates the social construction of climate change and discerns its social, political and economic components.
Talbot-Lanciault, Alicia. "Modélisation hydrologique CLASS-RAPID sous changement climatique sur le bassin versant du Haut-Montmorency." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66429.
Full textTypical hydrological models do not impose energy conservation at the surface. Therefore, under higher temperatures they may overestimate evapotranspiration. Physical land surface model CLASS is paired to Muskingum based routing model RAPID in order to create a functional hydrological model under global warming context. CLASS-RAPID is set up on the Haut-Montmorency watershed (47.4°N, 71.1°W). The model is calibrated and validated with the ERA5 reanalysis and the flowrates observations from the Direction d’expertise hydrique du Québec. Climate projections from CanESM2, CNR-CM5, GFDL-ESM2M and MPI-ESM and climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 are given as entries to CLASS-RAPID in order to simulate flowrates for 2041 to 2070. Climate projections from the same models and for the benchmark period of 1981 to 2005 are used by CLASS-RAPID in order to obtain hydrological simulations that can be compared to the flowrates of 2041 to 2070. CLASS-RAPID has a Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of NSE = 0, 66. The model tends to replicate hydrological events sequence correctly but underestimate flood peaks. CLASS-RAPID simulations under climate changes conditions foresee that spring floods will tend to happen sooner in the years for 2041 to 2070 when compared to the benchmark period. For the four climate models, climate changes simulations foresee reductions of summer flowrates of 40% for climate scenario RCP 4.5 and of 50% for climate scenario RCP 8.5. For the same climate scenarios, the Atlas hydroclimatique du Québec foresees a reduction of the flowrates of respectively 37% and 45%.
Duchesne, de Ortiz Isabelle. "L'effet du climat sur les plantes fourragères au Québec : estimation des pertes par la modélisation." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22397.
Full textRopars, Pascale. "Réponse du bouleau glanduleux (Betula glandulosa Michx.) aux changements climatiques récents : implications pour l'écotone forêt boréale-toundra, Nunavik." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26225.
Full textAu cœur des changements environnementaux enregistrés dans les régions arctiques et subarctiques, la densification de la strate arbustive est probablement l’un des plus importants. Cette thèse propose d’en étudier la dynamique récente à l’écotone forêt boréale-toundra (Nunavik) afin de mieux en cerner les causes et d’en évaluer les conséquences. Dans un premier temps, la comparaison d’images aériennes (1957 et 2008) nous révèle une densification importante de la strate arbustive dans la région d’étude. Largement attribuée à Betula glandulosa, cette densification a été plus importante sur les terrasses que sur les sommets et hétérogène à l’échelle du paysage. Par la suite, je me suis attardée aux causes de l’hétérogénéité de la densification de la strate arbustive et ai trouvé que celle-ci était principalement attribuable à un ensemble de facteurs historiques et topographiques. De plus, j’ai pu montrer que la densification de la strate arbustive a une influence négative sur l’abondance des espèces arbustives non impliquées dans ce phénomène, mais qu’aucune relation n’a été décelée avec la diversité spécifique (richesse spécifique et indice de diversité de Shannon). Finalement, j’ai montré que la croissance radiale et axiale de B. glandulosa était fortement associée aux températures estivales chez les individus établis sur des sites bien drainés et aux précipitations hivernales chez ceux établis dans les combes à neige (milieu mal drainé où la neige persiste dans la saison de croissance). De surcroît, la forte augmentation de la croissance radiale de B. glandulosa entre 1990 et 2002 suggère que la densification de la strate arbustive observée dans la région d’étude est un phénomène récent. En somme, cette thèse a permis de mieux comprendre la dynamique de l’écotone forêt boréale-toundra au Québec subarctique dans un contexte de changements climatiques. Elle a aussi contribué à saisir toute l’importance d’une analyse à fine échelle de la croissance des espèces impliquées dans la densification de la strate arbustive ainsi qu’à approfondir nos connaissances sur une espèce structurante du Québec subarctique, B. glandulosa.
One of the major changes observed in northern terrestrial regions in response to climate change is arguably the recent shrub expansion. This thesis aims to study the recent dynamic of the shrub expansion at the forest tundra ecotone, northern Québec, in order to find its causes and evaluate its consequences on plant community. First, I compared two sets of aerial photographs (taken in 1957 and 2008) and found an increase in shrub cover that was mainly attributed to Betula glandulosa, a largely distributed erect shrub species. This increase was higher on terraces than on hilltops and strongly heterogeneous at the regional scale. Second, I found that the heterogeneity of the shrub expansion depended on both historical and topographic variables. Moreover, I showed that an increase in B. glandulosa cover had a negative influence on the abundance of other shrub species, but not on their diversity (species richness and Shannon diversity index). Finally, I found that B. glandulosa radial and axial growth were strongly associated with summer temperature when growing on well-drained sites, whereas they were mainly associated with winter precipitation when growing in snowbeds (well-watered sites where snow cover persist in the growing season). Dendrochronological analyses showed a sharp B. glandulosa growth increase between 1990 and 2002, therefore suggesting that the shrub expansion observed in the study region is quite recent. Overall, this thesis significantly improved our knowledge of the recent dynamic of the forest tundra ecotone in northern Québec. It also contributed to underline the importance of studying shrub expansion at the local scale and to improve our knowledge of B. glandulosa.
Blouin, Sébastien. "Impact de la variabilité climatique récente (1970-2002) sur le débit des rivières alimentant en eau la grande région de Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23854/23854.pdf.
Full textMeunier, Céline. "Influence de la température sur la croissance et le développement des graines de l'épinette noire dans la forêt boréale au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24120/24120.pdf.
Full textParadis, Laurence. "Comparaison du bilan de carbone et du potentiel d'atténuation des changements climatiques de stratégies d'aménagement forestier dans la sapinière boréale du Québec (Canada)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30685.
Full textManagement of the world’s forests can play a role for climate change mitigation by increasing CO2 storage in vegetation biomass and harvested wood products, and by displacing CO2-intensive materials such as steel or concrete. This study aimed to determine how management of boreal forest stands can contribute to climate change mitigation in the context of ecosystem-based management. The study was based on the comparison of different strategies applied to a balsam fir-white birch stand in the Eastern boreal forest of Quebec (Canada). We simulated five scenarios over a 199- year period at the stand level: a reference scenario involving clearcut at 50-year intervals, and four 12 alternative scenarios clearcut with longer rotation length (70 and 80 years), partial cut, and a no harvest scenario. Overall, scenarios with longer clearcut rotations and, to a lesser extent, partial cut resulted in a higher potential to mitigate climate change. The substitution effect of wood products was revealed as a key aspect, suggesting that wood product manufacturing and utilisation on the markets, and not only forest management, need to be carefully considered.
Bauduin, Sarah. "Integrating functional connectivity and climate change in the design of protected area networks." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26897.
Full textThe world is facing worrisome declines in biodiversity. Species extinction rates have increased as a direct consequence of human activities. Protected areas have been implemented around the world in an effort to counter biodiversity loss. Although protected areas are part of the solution, they should be designed systematically in a way to maximize their effectiveness. Enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas is one way to increase their effectiveness. Climate change is disrupting environmental conditions globally. It is a threat to biodiversity that until recently was not often integrated into protected area design. Climate change has been shown to impact species movements, and therefore landscape functional connectivity. Some studies have suggested that enhancing functional connectivity between protected areas can also help species cope with climate change impacts. My thesis presents a methodology to design protected area networks while accounting for climate change and functional connectivity. My study area is located in the natural region of Gaspésie in Québec (Canada). The endangered Atlantic-Gaspésie population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) was used as the focal species to define functional connectivity. This small population is in long-term decline due to predation and habitat change, but climate change may become an additional threat. First, I built a spatially explicit individual-based model to explain and simulate caribou movement. I used sparse VHF data available at the time of the study to select and parameterize a movement model using a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. My best model reproduced most of the movement patterns defined from the observed data. This model improved the understanding of the movement drivers for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. It also provided spatial estimates of caribou landscape use in the Gaspésie region. I concluded that sparse data were sufficient to fit individual-based models when coupled with a pattern-oriented modeling strategy. Second, I estimated how climate change and conservation activities may impact caribou movement potential. I used the individual-based model to simulate caribou movements in hypothetical landscapes representing the impacts of various climate change scenarios and conservation activities. Conservation activities represented the implementation of new protected areas in Gaspésie, according to the scenario developed by the government of Québec, and the restoration of secondary roads inside protected areas. Climate change impacts on vegetation, as defined in my scenarios, reduced caribou movement potential. Road restoration was able to mitigate these negative effects whereas the implementation of the new protected areas did not improve caribou movement potential. Third, I presented a methodology to design effective protected area networks and proposed new protected areas to implement in Gaspésie to conserve biodiversity in the presence of climate change. I created a large sample of protected area networks expanding the existing network to reach an areal target of 12%. I then calculated an ecological representativeness index and two measures of functional connectivity over time for each network. Functional connectivity measures represented the overall access to the protected areas and the movement potential in them for the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou. I used movement potential estimates for the current time period and for the future under different climate change scenarios to represent functional connectivity. The protected area network I proposed maximized the trade-off between the three network features I calculated. In this thesis I examined Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movements under different environmental conditions, including climate change impacted landscapes. These results helped define new protected areas for the Gaspésie region that will protect the caribou population over time. I believe this thesis gives new insights on the Atlantic-Gaspésie caribou movement behavior, as well as on the management actions that could be taken in Gaspésie to improve conservation of caribou and of other species. I believe this methodology could be applied to other ecosystems with similar characteristics and needs.
Pineau, Béatrice, and Béatrice Pineau. "Performance de pratiques de gestion optimales implantées en série en climat continental humide." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37715.
Full textL’urbanisation a modifié l’occupation du territoire et, du même coup, le cycle hydrologique naturel de l’eau. Lors d’un événement pluvieux, la pluie peut difficilement infiltrer le sol qui est maintenant grandement imperméabilisé. Elle n’a d’autre choix que de ruisseler sur des surfaces qui peuvent être chargées de particules avant de gagner l’égout pluvial. Ce n’est toutefois pas ce qui se produit sur le site du Marché Public de Longueuil. Ce dernier a été conçu de manière à offrir un traitement qualitatif et quantitatif des eaux pluviales grâce à l’implantation de multiples pratiques de gestion optimales (PGO). L’objectif principal de cette étude est d’étudier la performance qualitative et hydraulique de cellules de biorétention, d’un bassin à niveau permanent et de la chaîne de traitement composée de ces deux infrastructures vertes. De plus, un accent sur les performances en climat hivernal est mis, afin de connaître l’impact des conditions climatiques des hivers québécois sur la performance des PGO. Afin d’atteindre cet objectif, une campagne d’échantillonnage et de prise de mesures a eu lieu sur une période d’approximativement douze mois. Les résultats permettent d’affirmer que les PGO sont actives et efficaces, même en hiver. On note des diminutions moyennes des concentrations grâce à la chaîne de traitement de 93% pour les matières en suspension, 74% pour la demande chimique en oxygène, 16% de l’azote total, 51% du phosphore total, 80% du plomb, 93% du zinc, 58% du cuivre et 73% des hydrocarbures; mais un relargage de sodium a été observé. Au niveau hydraulique en conditions hivernales, la biorétention a permis de diminuer les débits de pointe de 46% et de décaler ces derniers de 1h15 vers le réseau municipal. Ces résultats démontrent que les PGO permettent de faire un traitement à la source des eaux de ruissellement en plus de diminuer les débits rejetés au réseau d’égout, peu importe la température. Il serait intéressant de réaliser des projets de recherche sur d’autres agencements de PGO ou bien avec des configurations différentes. De plus, peu d’études dans la littérature ont été faites sur une longue période de temps. Étudier la performance à long terme de PGO implantées en climat québécois pourrait certainement aider à la promotion de ces infrastructures vertes
L'Hérault, Emmanuel. "Contexte climatique critique favorable au déclenchement de ruptures de mollisol dans la vallée de Salluit, Nunavik." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26580/26580.pdf.
Full textCéré, Valérie. "Les construits sociaux du désastre en région isolée : Le cas de Blanc-Sablon." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29054/29054.pdf.
Full textGayard, Grégoire. "Projection internationale des entités fédérées : comparaison des politiques internationales en matière de climat du Québec et de la Wallonie." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020002.
Full textFederated units are increasingly active beyond their national borders. The strategies they employ depends in part on the federal context and political dynamics of the Federation these units belong to. The cases of Quebec, Canada, and Wallonia, Belgium, offer a contrasted glimpse on how federated units can take part in the foreign policy of their federation and develop their own autonomous actions abroad. In Canada, the weak institutionalization of intergovernmental affairs and the gaps of the Canadian Constitution on the sharing of external policy responsibilities has effectively given Ottawa control of Canada’s foreign policy. In this context, Quebec has used paradiplomacy to develop its own actions abroad. In Belgium, by contrast, the responsibilities with regards to external affairs have been shared among the federal government and the federated units as the country moved from a unitary system to a federal organization. In accordance with the “in foro interno, in foro externo” principle, Belgian Communities and Regions enjoy a vast autonomy regarding external affairs and are deeply involved in the making of Belgium’s foreign policy. These elements help to understand the different strategies picked by Quebec and Wallonia to get involved in the international talks on climate change. Whereas Quebec primarily relied on paradiplomacy, the Walloons chose to focus on the Belgian internal cooperation to defend their interest through the voice of Belgium
Poissant, Noémi. "L'intégration de l'adaptation aux changements climatiques au droit québécois : le cas des inondations." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37823.
Full textScanu, Emiliano. "L'action publique urbaine et les enjeux des changements climatiques : l'exemple de Québec et Gênes." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26139.
Full textClimate change is the paradigmatic example of modernisation’s side effects on contemporary societies. In addition to cause severe ecological impacts, climate change also entails a range of socio-political challenges whose nature and scope deserve special attention. While many sociological studies have already addressed these issues, urban climate governance has been quite neglected. This is rather curious if one considers that we now live in an urbanized global society, and that most significant and promising climate initiatives are being carried out by cities. This doctoral thesis thus explores this line of research. Adopting a constructivist approach, and in the light of ecological modernisation theory, it focuses on climate governance in Quebec City, Canada, and Genoa, Italy. The aim is to understand the way climate change becomes the subject of discourses and actions at the urban level, and to what extent it influences choices affecting urban development trajectories. Results show that both Quebec City and Genoa have undertaken efforts to deal with climate change, even if involved actors, modes of governance, planning instruments and implemented actions can differ substantially from one context to another. On the one hand, our results show that the fight against climate change is increasingly taken into consideration by cities, and that this seems to be associated with broader changes in how urban development is planned and how public action is practiced. On the other hand, our results suggest interpreting some forms of climate action in terms of ecological modernization; this, insofar as they are designed in a spirit that assigns a central role, although renewed, to modernity’s institutions. In addressing the growing phenomenon of cities involvement in climate action, this doctoral thesis helps to expand sociological knowledge about how and why contemporary societies and institutions transform in order to address environmental challenges.
Gravel, Gaumond Félix. "Suivi des comportements thermique et mécanique du remblai de la piste de Puvirnituq." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30422/30422.pdf.
Full textThe Puvirnituq airstrip was originally constructed using a thick embankment near the center of the airstrip to fill a fine-grained sediment filled valley. Since the construction of the airstrip, subsidence has been observed in the thick-fill area. Construction work was done in 2009 to allow the landing of a Boeing 737. As part of this work, the thermal and mechanical stabilisation of the embankment that fills the valley was realized. A convective embankment with a ventilation system has been constructed. A berm, made with the same convective material was also constructed to resist a possible lateral instability of the embankment. The construction work also included the deviation of the small creek flowing in the valley. A thermal and mechanical behavior monitoring was made over a period of three years to validate the effectiveness of the heat extraction systems in the Puvirnituq context. A numerical simulation was performed using the software GeoStudio in order to predict the evolution of the thaw front in the next 20 years. A stability analysis was conducted to identify the characteristics of such an analysis in the context of degrading permafrost.
Audet-Tremblay, Marie-Michelle. "État actuel du climat et de la qualité du travail, en regard du contexte d'implantation du modèle Lean dans le secteur de la santé et des services sociaux : le cas de techniciennes et de professionnelles d'établissements de Montréal et de Gatineau." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27313.
Full textLean health care is a management model, introduced into the health and social services, which aims to optimize care and reducing state costs. In the context of the public deficits that persist since the late 1980s, the Lean model appears as an interesting solution to reduce operating costs. This master's thesis seeks to analyze the current state of climate and quality of work in CSSS, in light oh the contexte of implementation of the Lean model. It appears that the introduction of such optimization logic leads to changes the workforce management, work organization and delivery of health services. Consequently, these changes disrupt the nature of the profession, quality and working conditions and the constitutive character of the work climate. The fieldwork and data resulting from the distribution of a questionnaire to APTS members working in two (2) different centers of health and social services in the Montreal area.
Fortin, Claude. "Approche de quantification et de récompense des bénéfices climatiques associés à un projet de séquestration de carbone en milieu forestier : implications pour le marché du carbone québécois." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/35415.
Full textThis study is part of the international movement to develop and implement effective market mechanisms to fight climate change. In Québec, this is mainly reflected in the establishment of a cap-and-trade system for greenhouse gas emission allowances and an offset credit component. Unlike a GHG reduction project, a forest carbon sequestration project is inherently non-permanent. This feature limits the real potential to cancel or offset all the negative effects resulting from a GHG emission into the atmosphere behind the used of an offset credit (OCr). It is mainly for this reason that the forestry sector is currently excluded from the Quebec OCr component. Currently, regardless of the type of market (voluntary, regulatory), the OCr issuance approach adopted for carbon sequestration projects anticipates a climate benefit, forcing project proponents and OCr to put in place binding and long-term follow-up measures to ensure the environmental integrity. The main objective of the research project is to propose a new approach for quantifying and delivering OCr for carbon sequestration projects. Like the current approach, the proposed approach must not only quantify and reward a quantity of carbon sequestered, but also and above all, quantify and reward the temporal dimension implicit in the creation of climate benefits associated with the maintenance of an amount of carbon out of the atmospheric atmosphere for a given period of time. Using radiative forcing as an indicator of an effect on the climate system, the approach demonstrates that it is possible to integrate these two variables into the determination of the number of OCrs to be delivered to a project promoter. As a result, the constraints associated with the permanence test become obsolete.
Miquelajauregui, Graf Yosune. "An integrated model of stand dynamics, soil carbon and fire regime : pplications to boreal ecosystem response to climate change." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27659.
Full textBoreal black spruce forests (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) store great amounts of carbon in the living biomass and in the soil. Fire regime characteristics (e.g. fire return interval, fire intensity, fire season and severity) play a central role in the storage and flow of carbon, by modifying the distribution and transfer of material among pools. There is little doubt in the scientific community that climate change will cause changes in the temporal and spatial variables that control the frequency and severity of fires. A demographic diameter-class structured model was developed to simulate boreal carbon storage under different fire regimes. This approach incorporates the effect of fire intensity and stand structure measures to simulate fire severity, measured as the proportion of overstory tree mortality. The model allows quantifying and mapping average regional estimates of current and future carbon stocks for the black spruce-feathermoss bioclimatic domain of northern Québec. Simulation results suggest that fire severity increases with fire the intensity. Stand structure is one of the factors that explains the observed variation in boreal fire severity. We simulated carbon stocks and fluxes under seven levels of fire return interval (FRI) and two fire seasons. We tested for an effect of these parameters on average carbon stocks. Carbon stocks were sensitive to IRF's between 60 and 300 years. Soil C stocks were lower for summer fires that occurred during shorter IRF. Finally, we investigated the short-term impacts of climate change under four climatic periods: 1980-2010, 2010-2040, 2040-2070 and 2070-2100. Historical and future FRI maps and historical and forecasted weather data estimated by CanESM2 RCP8.5 were used to drive the growth of forests, decomposition rates, fire regime and C dynamics. In our simulation experiments, the accumulation of carbon in the ecosystem was reduced by 11% by the end of 2100. The results of this study suggest that black spruce forest could be losing their capacity to sequester and store organic C over the next coming decades due to climate change effects on the fire regime and on forest growth.
Zarnovican, Kristina. "Étude paramétrique par simulation de l'influence de la ventilation naturelle, de l'orientation, de la géométrie et de l'occultation de la fenêtre sur les risques de surchauffe dans une chambre de CHSLD." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24571/24571.pdf.
Full textAlmaraz, Suarez Juan Jose. "Climate change and crop production in southwestern Quebec : mitigation and adaptation." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103364.
Full textLes émissions anthropogènes de gaz à effet de serre sont la cause principale de l'augmentation globale des températures. Les changements climatiques vont affecter la production agricole au Canada, et en retour, l'agriculture pourrait limiter les changements climatiques. L'analyse de données historiques du climat et des rendements de maïs, combinés avec des expériences de serre et en champ ont été entreprises pour étudier l'effet de la variabilité et des changements de climat sur le rendement de maïs, l'adaptabilité des systèmes agricoles aux changements climatiques, l'effet du travail du sol sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (C02 et N20) associées avec la production de maïs et de soya, et le potentiel des facteurs Nod d'augmenter la biomasse pour limiter les émissions de CO2. L'analyse des données historiques ont démontré qu'au sud-ouest du Québec, la variabilité des rendements de maïs est fortement associée avec les températures de juillet et les précipitations de mai pendant les dernières trois décennies. Les expériences au champ ont démontré que le panic raide, et le sorghum-sudangrass sont les mieux adaptés aux conditions chaudes et sèches. Le semis direct a augmenté les rendements de maïs lorsque les températures printanières étaient plus chaudes que la normale. Les flux de C02 étaient associés avec la température, mais les flux de N20 étaient associés avec les précipitations. Le travail du sol conventionnel (CT) a produit plus d'émissions de CO2 que le semis direct (NT), particulièrement après le disquage au printemps. Les deuxsystèmes ont montré un large pic d'émission de N20 pendant les périodes les pluspluvieuses. Dans le maïs, les pics de N20 ont été détectés après la fertilisation enazote. NT a montré des émissions de N20 plus importantes que CT en productionde maïs, mais CT a montré des flux de N20 plus important que NT en productionde soya. Les facteurs Nod vaporisés sur le soya ont augmenté la photosynthèse etla biomasse sous conditions controllées. Au champ, le rendement a été augmentépar les facteurs Nod sous CT, mais pas sous NT, et la sécheresse a réduit laréponse du soya aux facteurs Nod.
Cung, Annie. "Statistical modeling of extreme rainfall processes in consideration of climate change." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100788.
Full textThe objective of the present research is therefore to find the best method for estimating accurately extreme rainfalls for the current time period and future periods in the context of climate change. The analysis of extreme rainfall data from the province of Quebec (Canada) revealed that, according to L-moment ratio diagrams, the data may be well described by the Generalized-Extreme-Value (GEV) distribution. Results also showed that a simple scaling relationship between non-central moments (NCM) and duration can be established and that a scaling method based on NCMs and scaling exponents can be used to generate accurate estimates of extreme rainfalls at Dorval station (Quebec, Canada). Other results demonstrated that the method of NCMs can accurately estimate distribution parameters and can be used to construct accurate Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curves.
Furthermore, a regional analysis was performed and homogenous regions of weather stations within Quebec were identified. A method for the estimation of missing data at ungauged sites based on regional NCMs was found to yield good estimates.
In addition, the potential impacts of climate change on extreme rainfalls were assessed. Changes in the distribution of annual maximum (AM) precipitations were evaluated using simulations from two Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario: the Coupled Global Climate Model version 2 (CGCM2A2) of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, and the Hadley Centre's Model version 3 (HadCM3A2). Simulations from these two models were downscaled spatially using the Statistical DownScaling Model (SDSM). A bias-correction method to adjust the downscaled AM daily precipitations for Dorval station was tested and results showed that after adjustments, the values fit the observed AM daily precipitations well. The analysis of future AM precipitations revealed that, after adjustments, AM precipitations downscaled from CGCM2A2 increase from current to future periods, while AM precipitations downscaled from HadCM3A2 show a mild decrease from current to future periods, for daily and sub-daily scales.
Beauregard, Frieda. "Depth of calcium uptake by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and its relationships with climatic extremes." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101838.
Full textLetts, Matthew Guy. "Modelling peatland soil climate and methane flux using the Canadian Land Surface Scheme." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21590.
Full textTwo approaches are used to model methane emissions from northern peatlands using the new soil climate parameterization in CLASS. In the first module, the multiple regression equation of Dise et al. (1993) is used to simulate daily methane emissions from water table depth and peat temperature. In the process-based module, methane flux is divided into its component parts: plant transport, diffusion and ebullition. Each of these transport mechanisms is determined by methane concentrations, which are calculated from a series of processes related to peat temperature, water table level and rooting depth. The daily methane emissions predicted by the two models are similar and correlate reasonably with observations from a bog in north-central Minnesota.
Xu, Qihe. "Growth and yield of red raspberries cultivated under open field condition vs. high tunnel or rain shelter in the northern canadian climate." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27084.
Full textProtected culture such as high tunnels is a new technology to improve red raspberry crop production under Northern climates as found in Quebec, Canada. The main objective of this Ph.D. research was to assess the performance of high tunnels vs. Voen shelters, a novel umbrella-shaped cover structure, in comparison to open field cultivation, in terms of microclimate, photosynthetic performance, plant growth, and fruit yield for both floricane- and primocane-fruiting types of red raspberries (Rubus idaeus, L.). As cultural management practices need to be tailored to the different modified growing environments, relevant practices like summer pruning (for floricane-fruiting cultivar), cane density optimization (for primocane-fruiting cultivar) and reflective mulch (for both fruiting types) were tested under high tunnel and Voen shelter vs. open field. Plants grown under high tunnel produced on average 1.2 and 1.5 times more marketable fruit yield than under Voen shelter for floricane-fruiting cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ and primocane-fruiting cv. ‘Polka’, respectively. Compared to plants grown in open field, the fruit yield of high tunnel-grown plants was more than double for cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ and almost three times higher for cv. ‘Polka’. The use of reflective mulch had a significant positive effect on fruit yield, namely 12% for cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ and 17% for cv. ‘Polka’. Pruning the first or second flush of stems from the rhizome significantly improved fruit yield of cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’ by 26% on average compared to unpruned plants. As cane density increased, the fruit yield of cv. ‘Polka’ increased significantly, namely by 43% and 71% for a cane density of 4 and 6 canes per pot, respectively, as compared to the standard lower cane density of 2 canes per pot. During the fruiting period of cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, reflective ground cover significantly increased the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) reflected to the lower canopy by 80% in open field and 60% under high tunnel, compared to only 14% under Voen shelter. During the fruiting season of cv. ‘Polka’, a positive reflective mulch effect on the reflected light (up to 42%) was only found in open field. In all cases, ground cover had no significant effect on the total leaf PPFD and photosynthesis under any growing conditions. For cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, the leaf PPFD was attenuated by approx. 46% under both types of protective covering compared to open field. Correspondingly, photosynthesis was on average reduced by 43% under high tunnel and by 17% under Voen shelter. Cultivar ‘Polka’ plants shared a similar growing condition effects on leaf PPFD and photosynthesis. Despite the fact that lower individual leaf photosynthetic rates were consistently measured in tunnel-grown plants, once leaf-level photosynthesis was scaled up to the whole canopy, the photosynthetic production of tunnel-grown plants was found to be 51% higher than that observed in open field for cv. ‘Jeanne d’Orléans’, and 46% higher for cv. ‘Polka’. This was explained by the greater (nearly twice) leaf area of tunnel-grown plants, which compensated for their lower photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area, the latter being caused by the supra-optimal leaf temperatures found under high tunnel (6.6°C higher on average than in open field) as well as the attenuation of the leaf PPFD (approx. 43%) by the tunnel coverings. Whole-canopy photosynthesis was positively correlated with fruit yield for both fruiting types of red raspberry, whether cultivated under high tunnel or in open field.
Movahedinia, Fatemeh. "Assessing hydro-climatic uncertainties on hydropower generation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25294.
Full textThis research quantifies the impact of hydrological and climatic uncertainties on hydropower generation in the Gatineau River basin. The proposed approach is based on climate simulations, hydrological modeling and optimization of reservoir operation. Hydrological results from this study confirm what other studies have shown, a more mixed hydrograph marked by earlier snow melting and greater flood volume, followed by drier summers than in the past. In terms of energy production, this translates into an expected increase in energy but also in a more variable production. This gain of energy mainly occurs in the late winter-early spring and follows the higher rainfall in the basin during the winter. Given the physical characteristics of the system (storage and turbine capacity), changes in the hydrological regime entail additional spills, mainly during snowmelt.
Jarema, Stacey Isabelle. "The abundance and distribution of beavers (Castor canadensis) in Québec, Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101145.
Full textCampeau, Allen. "Remotely-sensed changes in the primary productivity of migratory caribou calving grounds and summer pasture : the mixed influences of climate change and caribou herbivory." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27199.
Full textThis thesis used remote sensing to examine how changes in caribou abundance can impact forage availability, and how these changes might in turn affect the population dynamics and space use patterns of migratory caribou. We investigated these relationships for the Rivière-George caribou herd (RGH) and its calving grounds and summer range in Northern Quebec and Labrador (Canada) from 1991-2011. We modelled the relationships between primary productivity and various climatic variables, allowing us to isolate the effects of non-climatic factors, such as caribou herbivory, on primary productivity. We found a negative relationship between caribou density and primary productivity at the range-scale, suggesting that caribou herbivory can reduce forage abundance and contribute to habitat degradation. However, a strong warming trend over the study period, coupled with a decline in RGH population size, meant that we observed a trend towards higher primary productivity. This greening trend may represent vegetation recovery following the reduction in caribou herbivory and/or an effect of climate warming.
Naidoo, Robin. "The effects of gypsy moth defoliation and climatic conditions on radial growth of deciduous trees." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0015/MQ37153.pdf.
Full textKlvana, Ilya. "The solar cycle as a possible modulator of ecosystem functioning on the decadal time scale : new evidence from North American porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) feeding scars and climatic data." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78395.
Full textDjalilvand, Hamid. "Growth response of Pinus resinosa and Picea abies to past and future climatic variations." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23997.
Full textThe JABOWA model was used to predict tree growth in hypothetical climates which could result from global climate changes. Based on literature, five treatments were applied: normal, and increases of 1, 3, 5, and 10$ sp circ$C. Comparison between the last (1983-1992) and next (1993-2002) ten years growth showed no significant differences between species when temperature was normal or increased by 1 and 3$ sp circ$C, but significant differences between species were observed when the temperature was increased by 5$ sp circ$C. Both species declined when the temperature was increased by 10$ sp circ$C. We concluded that Norway spruce is more sensitive to increases in atmospheric temperatures than red pine at our site.
Renaud, Jean-Sébastien. "Validation du modèle de fidélisation du client de Oliver." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23215/23215.pdf.
Full textCustomer satisfaction, because it is thought to be a predictor of customer loyalty, is of capital importance for companies. However, even though scientific literature supports the existence of a relationship between these two variables, few models explain it. Hence, the aim of this study was to test Oliver’s customer loyalty model (1980, 1997), which explains the satisfaction-loyalty relationship using the theory of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975). Our sample included students from both Laval University and University of Quebec at Rimouski. The measurement scales developed for this study had, in most cases, sound psychometric properties. Finally, results supported Oliver’s (1980, 1997) customer loyalty model. Indeed, our data showed a positive linear relationship between customer satisfaction and the attitude toward being loyal to the company, between this last variable and the intention to be loyal to the company and, in addition, between intention and loyalty.
Fecteau, Jean-François. "Étude des représentations et cohérence épistémologique des intervenants de centre jeunesse qui utilisent la thérapie orientée vers les solutions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28904/28904.pdf.
Full textClément, Pierre. "Processus d'érosion et évolution du relief : exemples sous climats tempérés à hivers froids : (Appalaches du Québec méridional : comparaison avec la Suède centrale)." Lyon 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO20031.
Full textErosion processes are studied in relationship with geomorphic evolutions of appalachian and caledonian sedimentary and low-grade metamorphic areas in which planed surfaces are inequally stepped. The representative watersheds ( st francis, ammeran ) have kept fluvial features in spite of glacial invasions the average ablation of which is estimated to 20-25 m in the former. The discrepancy between present erosion rates ( under continuous vegetation since 811,000 bp ) is mostly explained by latitude difference also responsible for paleoclimatical distinction. Chemical processes ( bisiallitisation, podzolisation ) prevail on natural slopes, only the steepest ones being shaped by mechanical actions elsewhere damped by vegetation and material cohesion. Weathering proceeds faster on carbonated and fine detritic rocks and weakened intrusive areas ; incipient saprolites include clay mineral assortments depending on drainage ; the deepest profiles are partly prewisconsinian. Fluvial regressive erosion works mainly on surficial deposits and rates from 20-25 t km2 y for elementary streams to about 100 in main basins ( ammeran : 5 ). Net dissolved loads range between 14 and 36 t ( 13 ) and total ablation between 48 and 68 mm 10 3y ( 8 ). Slope evolution results from rock-controlled lowering and backwearing. .
Pilon, Christian 1954. "The effects of reduced snow cover and water input on the physiological status of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69650.
Full textBordeleau, Louis-Carl. "L'impact de la liaison de l'Ontario avec le marché du carbone de la Californie et du Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30005.
Full textMarcoux, Gilles. "Engagement organisationnel et distanciation sociale : analyse interprétative de la situation expérimentée par des agents de service en centre d'appel." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24660/24660.pdf.
Full textMontpetit, Myriam. "Les tendances de la variabilité des températures au Québec au XXe siècle." Mémoire, 2000. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5226/1/M6694.pdf.
Full textMonette, André. "L'étude des changements appréhendés des précipitations extrêmes sur la province du Québec en utilisant un ensemble de multi-MRC." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5090/1/M12583.pdf.
Full textBégin, Edith. "Caractérisation des régimes de perturbations par le chablis et des vents extrêmes dans l'érablière à bouleau jaune du Québec." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4591/1/M12262.pdf.
Full textClavet-Gaumont, Jacinthe. "Analyse de fréquence régionale des débits de crue du Québec simulés par le Modèle régional canadien du climat (MRCC4)." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5103/1/M12537.pdf.
Full textPaul, Véronique. "Les facteurs écologiques limitant la répartition nordique du thuya de l'est (Thuja occidentalis L.)." Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5266/1/M12501.pdf.
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