Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Québec (Province) – Conditions économiques – 20e siècle'
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Paré, Pierre-Olivier. "Évolution des impacts de cinq transformations sociales sur la progression du niveau de vie des Québecois de 1986 à 2016." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/70285.
Full textSince the end of the Second World War, Quebec society has undergone major changes that may have influenced the recent increase in the standard of living of Quebecers: i) major school reforms; ii) the change from the Fordist model of production to the post-Fordist model of production; iii) increased contribution of women to the labor market; iv) the change from the modern family model to the contemporary family model; and v) the aging of the population. The main objectives of this thesis are, on the one hand, to better understand how these transformations could have affected the increase in the standard of living from 1986 to 2016 and, on the other hand, to highlight the inequalities in the standard of living between households according to their characteristics. To do this, we propose to examine the evolution of the standard of living from a macroeconomic perspective, using real GDP per capita, and from a microeconomic perspective using adjusted income. Some of our variables had negative impacts on the standard of living (changes in the demographic profile of the population, the decrease in the number of workers per household, the decrease in the number of hours worked level as well as changes in household composition). Other variables had nuanced impacts or little impact (changes in the age and sex of the primary maintainer, the decrease in household size and the stagnation of employment income). On the other hand, certain variables had positive impacts (the evolution of the employment rate, the growth of productivity, the decrease in the number of dependent children per household, the increase in the level of education and the growth government transfers).
Chauvette, Jean-François. "Pauvreté au Canada : 1973-1997." Thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/22273/22273.pdf.
Full textGiroux, Marie-Michèle. "Le débat entourant la question du travail des enfants dans une société industrielle : le cas de la ville de Québec de 1885 à 1907." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30791/30791.pdf.
Full textLaflamme, Josée. "Femmes et aire domestique, un mode de vie : modèles, valeurs et comportements." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28446.
Full textSavard, Julie-Rachel. "Les facteurs de maintien de l'industrie du cuir dans les petites localités du Québec : étude du secteur de Loretteville de 1904 à nos jours." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28605.
Full textRoy, André. "La faillite, le commerce et le crédit dans le district judiciaire de Québec entre 1885 et 1920." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28579.
Full textCharron, Catherine. "Parcours de travail aux marges de l'emploi : récits du salariat domestique, Québec, deuxième moitié du XXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26136.
Full textCette thèse porte sur les figures contemporaines du salariat domestique ainsi que les principales évolutions de ce secteur d’activités dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle à Québec. Les récits de vie d’une trentaine de femmes ayant expérimenté diverses formes de travail domestique rémunéré constituent la base empirique de cette étude. Durant cette période historique marquée par l’accroissement spectaculaire de la main-d’œuvre féminine, de même que par le déclin du fordisme et la polarisation du marché du travail, le secteur domestique se diversifie. Les nouvelles formes de service domestique s’inscrivent dans la continuité historique ― notamment en regard de la personnalisation et de la naturalisation du rapport de travail, qui ont maintenu ce secteur à l’écart de la norme salariale depuis le XIXe siècle ―, tout en participant pleinement à la construction de nouveaux régimes d’inégalités de classe, de race et de genre autour de la division du travail dans la société québécoise contemporaine. Les récits de vie témoignent de l’indissociabilité des formes rémunérées et non rémunérées de travail domestique, et de leur caractère structurant dans la construction du rapport des femmes de milieux populaires au travail, à l’emploi et à la famille. De l’apprentissage du service domestique comme mode de socialisation des filles à la permanence domestique assurée par les femmes à toutes les étapes de leur vie familiale, les réseaux féminins familiaux et communautaires tissent la toile de toute une économie des échanges domestiques, sur un continuum entre entraide et emploi. Au cours des dernières décennies du XXe siècle, divers mécanismes se mettent en branle pour créer un bassin de main-d’œuvre domestique, dont certains sont directement liés à l’institution patriarcale du mariage, et concernent les femmes divorcées ou celles qui ont connu une longue absence du marché du travail. L’univers des petits boulots domestiques apparaît comme une sorte d’archipel où sont refoulées des femmes exclues du marché de l’emploi formel. Au sein de cette nébuleuse des emplois domestiques, les dynamiques de professionnalisation, d’institutionnalisation et de segmentation s’articulent autour de la frontière entre service et servitude, laquelle nourrit les pratiques et les représentations dans ces métiers où l’héritage ancillaire fait figure de spectre.
Cliche, Alex. "Mécénat industriel et activités philanthropiques en Mauricie : l'implication de la Shawinigan Water and Power Co. dans le développement de la ville de Shawinigan Falls, 1899-1930." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66323.
Full textThis study is presented as a contribution to the history of industrial philanthropy,a field in which there is a certain historiographical void in Quebec. It is interested in the massive involvement of the industrial group Shawinigan Water and Power Co. (SWPC)in the structured development of an industrial city inspired by the American CompanyTowns model, Shawinigan Falls. To do this, it combines the history of industry and the history of assistance and makes use of eclectic sources to document different dimensions of the phenomenon. While local newspapers such as L'Écho du Saint-Maurice allow us to study the public's perceptions of the company's philanthropic actions, the booklets produced by the company at key moments in its development allow us to observe the image that the company wishes to generate of itself because of these same actions. Examined from the perspective of reciprocity resulting from the deed of gift, as defined by Marcel Mauss, the industrial sponsorship actions observed testify to the active involvement of the company as a legal entity in Shawinigan's civil society. After explaining the company's involvement in the development of the city's built landscape and Shawinigan's social life, we see how it has distinguished itself in the fields of education and health, two dimensions that are privileged in its interventions. The study of the mechanisms structuring the sponsorship measures of the SWPC company, as well as the donations and contributions of a philanthropic nature of some of its representatives in a personal capacity, show us the benefits derived from this involvement in the organization of the city. These structures, whose evolution and reproduction we are observing, are intended to reflect values inspired by the tradition of "noblesse oblige" and are based on the phenomenon of reciprocity of giving.
Rioux, Matthias. "La Gaspésie dans tous ses États : grandeurs et misères du développement régional au Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30190.
Full textThis thesis presents a sociohistorical study of a particularly targeted resource region: the Gaspé Peninsula. The first objective is to shed light on the economic difficulties which have prevailed in this region from the crisis of the 30’s until today. The second objective is to take a critical look at the social and economic impact of the government policies which were applied to this region since The Quiet Revolution. By tracing back the peninsula’s significant development stages during the twentieth century, this research intends to show the important causal connection between a region historically known for its economic backwardness and the government interventions. The core of the thesis illustrates the difficulties linked to the rural nature of a community living in the fringes of a production system based on the free market and unlimited growth. To protect itself from the system’s inequities, the community even avoids governmental regulations which are applied irrespective of a redistribution to the poor. The analysis of social stakeholders, the structured trade between the government and the region, and the reciprocity of intellectual influences exerted between development practitioners and specialists have contributed to materialize a momentum which would facilitate a common vision of an endogenous development. The thesis identifies and examines the ideologies from which various development models originate (chapters VI and VII), actions taken in rural areas by the government, and identifies the local and national stakeholders supporting alternatives (bottom-up models) to the classic top-down model. Some characteristics of the model being considered tend to conclude that an economically challenged rural area like the Gaspé Peninsula cannot achieve its development by persisting in the neoliberal path and in a notion of prosperity based on trade growth. In this thesis, we are submitting that the order of priorities must change. Reorganizing the development of resource regions requires different methods and doctrines. It is mostly based on institutionalizing cooperation between stakeholders and is achieved under the banner of economic mutual aid and social solidarity. In chapter VIII, we show a region’s capacity to diagnose its problematic situation, to regroup its strengths and define a suitable development model. This model conciliates social and commercial economy, government and citizen participation, liberal and social democracies. The thesis states that the alliance between responsible entrepreneurship (relations between corporations) and social innovation are the components chosen par Gaspesian stakeholders to revitalise their region, economically and socially. We conclude by stating a reality that rises above theories and models: the Gaspé Peninsula was excluded from any development for almost a century. The region did not experience significant growth for quite some time. We outline that the peninsula, being geographically distant from post-war technological innovations and industrial machinery, was kept out of a wealth accumulation regime never seen in the history of capitalism. While the Gaspé Peninsula was kept aside, developed countries were creating economic links which accelerated industrial production and mass consumerism, consequently creating economics virtuous circles, depicted by Les Trente Glorieuses ("The Glorious Thirty", 1945-1975), a prosperous period from which the Gaspé Peninsula did not benefit. The benefits of the Fordist regime, where growth and productivity gain are shared between workers and employers, have also eluded the peninsula’s economic stakeholders. We will see that the government, as economic regulator, was not able to assert itself as arbitrator of the common good. Public policies have failed to contain the region’s decline...
Sebrier, Laure. "Projections des taux de faible revenu chez les ainés au Québec à l'horizon 2050." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27973.
Full textMorneau, Jérôme. "Le Québec rural entre tradition et modernité : la consommation alimentaire à Saint-Pamphile, 1881-1911." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24004/24004.pdf.
Full textDura, Helin-Subhi. "Étude des partenariats économiques entre les communautés autochtones et l’industrie forestière au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66576.
Full textBois, Hélène. "Les aumôniers et la déconfessionnalisation des institutions économico-sociales québécoises (1940-1972)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28460.
Full textLambert, Maude-Emmanuelle. "La petite bourgeoisie francophone en milieu périphérique : parcours historiques d'une famille de marchands généraux de Rimouski, sur trois générations (1855-1945)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18006.
Full textBouchard, Marie-Pier. ""Paroisses de femmes" : expériences des femmes lors des migrations saisonnières masculines dans la région de Charlevoix, 1940-1980." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28102.
Full textGbenyo, Koffi. "Trois essais sur les liens entre le port et son territoire environnant : le cas du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37736.
Full textThis thesis investigates the relations between ports and their economic environment. It is written in three chapters that offer a gradation.The first chapter seeks to identify the geographical territories, formed by circles of variable radii around the ports as centers, within which the value of a bunch of indicators remain stable. This first step identifies the scale over which the results of analyses using those indicators vary less. To achieve this goal, econometric analyses are used through parameters stability testing. The results reveal a territory defined over a range of radii between 4,000m and 4,500m. The second chapter presents first the principal functions of the ports of the province of Quebec based on their activities, and then a classification of these ports using a statistical classification based on the ports’ activities, and on the economic activities located within 4,250m around these ports. The groups (of both typologies) obtained are compared, in order to verify whether (or not) the business landscape of these (groups of) ports reflects their main activities. The results show that the activities of ports that belong to the rural and metropolitan categories of ports have landscape reflecting their main activities, which is not the case for the majority of ports. Consequently, one could hardly simplify the economic reality of the ports’ neighbourhood to the activities of the incumbent ports. The third chapter uses correlation analysis to study the relationship between the growth of the ports’ activities and the growth of their surrounding economic activities from different industrial sectors. It verifies whether (or not) the growth of these activities is statistically associated, and (whether or not) the eventual resulting associations are positive. The results show that the growth of the ports’ activities is only followed by the growth of jobs in the manufacturing sector around the ports.
Perron, Normand. "L'État et le changement agricole dans Charlevoix, 1850-1950." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28608.
Full textMartinez, Arboleya Héctor José. "Abriendo puertas : hacia una teoria fundamentada del emprendimiento de los inmigrantes de origen mexicano en la provincia de Quebec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29922.
Full textOpening doors: towards a Mexican immigrant entrepreneurship grounded theory in Quebec Immigrant entrepreneurship studies generally tend to adopt an "elite" approach focusing on cases of groups strongly represented in the statistics of entrepreneurship or in regions in which immigrant entrepreneurs have succeeded transforming territorial dynamics through the creation of high tech and added value companies. This perspective, although it has contributed in a significant way to the entrepreneurship study field, has the risk of providing a partial and idealized version of the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship. Addressed comprehensively in the migration studies, Mexicans are an example of those who are often given little attention when attempting to understand the dimension of entrepreneurship, since they are associated more like "workers" than entrepreneurs”. Although there are researches that highlight the contribution of Mexican immigrants entrepreneurs, most of them, have been carried on in the United States context, due to the fact that it is the destination that millions of Mexicans have taken for more than one century. This research presents an exploratory case study of Mexicans entrepreneurs in the province of Quebec, Canada context since the economic and social geography. It is a qualitative analysis using a methodology inspired by the Grounded Theory. Focusing on actors, a theoretical sampling was carried on taking data from different sources. Twenty-three interviews were conducted with Mexican residents of the cities of Montreal, Quebec and Gatineau. The main objective was to initiate a theorization about the immigrant entrepreneurship phenomenon in a poorly documented group and context. Some conceptual categories were built from the perspective of the migrants themselves. Initially, it was also intended to explore the creation of transnational communities by Mexican immigrants in Quebec. However, initial results showed quickly that respondents, being a first generation of immigrants, were still in the phase of consolidating their ethnic communities in the host society. Nevertheless, the research identifies some of the difficulties and opportunities presented to subgroups of Mexican origin at this stage of transnationalism. For that reason, following the principles of grounded theory, the work was redirected only on immigrant entrepreneurship. In this sense, the importance of previous experiences, family supportand the reading of the territory to detect business opportunities were relevant. Routes of business entry profiles were detected. In addition, it is proposed the ethnic positioning category (the social construction that is made in the host society according to the ethnic group to which immigrant entrepreneurs belong). This category was a key to shape the structure of opportunity that allows the creation of businesses in the host cities. The whole mmigrant entrepreneurship process was synthesized with the metaphor "opening doors" which was an InVivo code that emerged from the words of the interviewees themselves and that allows us understand the venture as part of a wider process of territorialization by immigrants. The results routlined in theoretical models in order to better understand the phenomenon of immigrant entrepreneurship.
Recientemente se han documentado ejemplos en varias partes del mundo sobre la manera enque los inmigrantes contribuyen al crecimiento económico y a la competitividad de las sociedades receptoras generando empleos y oportunidades de negocios para los locales y para los otros inmigrantes a través de la creación de micros, pequeñas y medianas empresas. Asimismo, los efectos no económicos del empresariado inmigrante, tales como el desarrollo de comunidades étnicas transnacionales dinámicas, su inclusión y reconocimiento social o el reforzamiento de su emprendimiento, han llamado la atención de los investigadores Sin embargo, dichos estudios suelen adoptar un enfoque de “élite” centrado en los casos de grupos fuertemente representados en las estadísticas del emprendimiento o en regiones en los que los inmigrantes emprendedores han logrado transformar las dinámicas territoriales a través de la creación de empresas de alto crecimiento y valor agregado. Esta perspectiva, aunque ha contribuido de manera significativa, corre el riesgo de brindar una versión parcial e idealizada del fenómeno del emprendimiento inmigrante. A bordados de manera amplia en los estudios migratorios, los mexicanos son ejemplo de aquellos a quienes se les suele prestar poca atención cuando se pretende entender la dimensión del emprendimiento, ya que se les asocia más como “mano de obra” que como “creadores de negocios”. Si bien existen trabajos que dan cuenta del aporte de los inmigrantes emprendedores mexicanos, la mayoría, como es natural, se han realizado en el contexto de los Estados Unidos, ya que es el destino al que han acudido millones de mexicanos desde hace más de un siglo. Esta nvestigación presenta un estudio exploratorio del caso de los mexicanos emprendedores en la provincia de Quebec, Canadá desde la geografía económica y social. Se trata de un análisis cualitativo mediante una metodología inspirada en la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory). Con un enfoque centrado en los actores, se realizó un muestreo teórico tomando datos de diversas fuentes. Entre otras, se realizaron entrevistas a mexicanos residentes de las ciudades de Montreal, Quebec y Gatineau-Ottawa que han fundado empresas. El objetivo fue iniciar una teorización sobre el fenómeno del emprendimiento inmigrante en un grupo y contexto poco ocumentado construyendo categorías desde la visión de los propios migrantes. En este sentido, la importancia de las experiencias previas, el apoyo familiar y la lectura del territorio para detectar oportunidades de negocios resultaron relevantes. Se detectaron perfiles de vías de entrada al emprendimiento. Además, el posicionamiento étnico, o la construcción social que se hace en la sociedad receptora sobre el grupo étnico al que pertenecen los in migrantes emprendedores, resultó clave para moldear la estructura de oportunidad que permite la creación de empresas en los territorios de acogida. Todo este proceso fue sintetizado con la metáfora “abriendo puertas”, categoría surgida de las palabras de los propios entrevistados y que permite entender al emprendimiento como parte de un proceso más amplio de territorialización por parte de los inmigrantes. Los resultados se esquematizan en modelos teóricos con la finalidad de comprender mejor el fenómeno del emprendimiento inmigrante.
Lopez, Castro Marco Antonio. "L'évolution des disparités de mobilité et de la localisation résidentielle chez les familles monoparentales et les aînés dans la région de Québec de 1996 à 2006." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28020.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the changes in mobility conditions and in residential location of two potentially vulnerable groups: lone-parent families and elderly people. On the one hand, lone-parent families are generally considered one of the most disadvantaged groups in society. On the other hand, seniors face mobility challenges when they eventually lose their driving rights and because they do not consider or are unfamiliar with alternative transport options. The main objective is to identify factors that may create mobility disparities among members of the groups under study. Thus, in this thesis, the mobility disparities between the groups analyzed and comparable population segments (control groups) are measured based on differences in several socio-spatial factors, such as household motorization and residential centrality. The travel speed is used to evaluate mobility disparities because it determines people's activity space and conditions their potential access to opportunities, services and urban amenities outside home. Meanwhile, residential dispersion likely compounds the mobility challenges of vulnerable groups by increasing urban sprawl, which adds to the effort required to reach urban opportunities and activities. This research aims at providing decision makers with tools to assess risks of socio-spatial exclusion in urban areas and to promote policies capable of counteracting the reproduction of spatial injustice dynamics. The analyses developed in this thesis use information from origin-destination surveys of the Quebec City Metropolitan Area (QCMA) for 1996, 2001 and 2006 together with data from population censuses for the same years. The methodology is based on statistical tests of differences in means and proportions; quantile regressions; centrographic analyses of the spatial distribution of places of residence, and randomization tests to assess the significance of findings from the centrographic analysis. Regarding the mobility conditions and constraints faced by lone-parent families, the results indicate that households headed by mothers are less motorized and their members have a mobility gap compared to those led by fathers, which is reflected in lower travel speeds among the members of the former. The observed mobility disparities are particularly strong within trips performed at high travel speeds. Moreover, the centrographic analyses complemented by randomization tests reveal a significant increase in the residential dispersion of lone-parent families and retired couples aged 65 and over (without children at home) in the QCMA between 1996 and 2006. Lastly, the analysis of changes in mobility among elderly people indicates a deterioration in the average travel speed with aging in 1996 and 2006. Additionally, a comparison between 2006 and 1996, based on age cohorts and age groups, indicates a moderate improvement over time in travel speeds of trips associated with low and intermediate speeds, and a clear decline in travel speeds of trips more likely to involve driving a car on a motorway network. The analysis also reveals that the modal share of travel by foot increases with aging and that public transit is seldom used as a transport alternative by the elderly in the QCMA. Furthermore, the level of car access is one of the main determinants of older people’s mobility. The results obtained show the need for a holistic approach to help lone-parents and seniors to overcome their mobility challenges. These initiatives should include (but should not be limited to): developing “friendly” neighborhoods with ready access to urban services and amenities; increasing access to private transport by promoting car-sharing and ride-sharing; and tailoring flexible public transit solutions. Future research looking to expand the findings of this thesis could use the average travel speed estimations to generate cumulative accessibility measures and could also identify households with very restricted car access to detect groups potentially at risk to suffer a socio-spatial exclusion dynamic. Key words: mobility, accessibility, residential dispersion, lone parents, gender, retired couples, seniors, tests of differences of means and proportions, quantile regression, centrographic analysis, randomization tests, socio-spatial exclusion, car dependency.
Gelly, Alain. "Vapeur, thermoélectricité et hydroélectricité comme force motrice le long du corridor industriel du canal de Lachine, des années 1850 à la Seconde Guerre mondiale." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27029/27029.pdf.
Full textArbour, William. "Impact of economic conditions and marriage market on inmates' recidivism : a longitudinal analysis." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34170.
Full textIn this thesis, we study Quebec male prison population with a special focus on recidivism. We are especially interested in quantifying the impact of regional economic variables on the probability of recidivism and the number of reoffenses committed in a year. More precisely, we consider variations in regional unemployment rate, minimum wage and average disposable income. Moreover, we include in our analysis domestic predictors: being married or having a family. Since these two parameters are potentially endogenous with recidivism, we estimate bivariate probit regressions and Poisson regressions with regional sex ratios as instrumental variables. The data provided by the ministère de la Sécurité publique allows us to bring to light several results. We estimate that having a family decreases by 18% the likelihood of recidivism, while the effect marriage is not significant. No effect is found for the number of reoffenses committed, neither for being married or having a family. Finally, we find a significant positive correlation between regional wealth and recidivism, whereas we highlight that an increase in real minimum wage is associated with a decrease in recidivism.
Andic, Hakan. "L'impact des politiques de transports sur la concentration spatiale des activités." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27296/27296.pdf.
Full textSimard, Mathieu. "L'effet sur le salaire de l'adéquation formation-emploi chez les immigrants qualifiés au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25351.
Full textLapointe, Geneviève. "L'immigration péruvienne au Québec : insertion socioéconomique, réseaux sociaux et constructions identitaires." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29947.
Full textIn recent years, Quebec’s immigration policies have favoured educated, young, and French-speaking immigrants – that is, those considered to have a strong potential for employability. Despite this selective immigration, many immigrants find it more difficult than in the past to find jobs that match their qualifications. This thesis proposes to examine this paradox in more detail. While several studies have addressed the issue of immigrant socioeconomic insertion from an individualistic perspective, focusing on the human capital of newcomers, this thesis proposes instead to focus on the role of the host society to better understand the migratory experience. Inspired by theories of intersectionality, the analysis considers processes of racialization that manifest themselves through the discourses and practices of the host society. A qualitative study was conducted, based on interviews with 24 international migrants of Peruvian origin living in the cities of Quebec and Montreal. The objective was to better understand the experience of Peruvian immigrants in Quebec by focusing on three distinct but interrelated themes: socioeconomic insertion, mobilization of social networks, and respondents’ identity constructions. The analysis of the interviews reveals that Peruvians deploy various strategies to integrate socioeconomically, which include accepting a certain deskilling, professional reorientation, and having to return to school. Based on various works on transnationalism – highlighting the social bonds that are maintained across national borders via the Internet for instance – this study also shows that the maintenance of transnational links influences the socioeconomic insertion of Peruvians, who have access to more information during the pre-migration period and to family and social support in the new society. The importance of the various social networks mobilized once in Quebec is also discussed. In term of identity, the respondents evoked a new hybrid identity – reworked and reconstructed in the new society – marked by a sense of belonging both to the place of origin and the host society. This process of identity construction is also characterized by a resolute desire to “integrate, ” despite the discrimination and obstacles encountered.
Desde hace algunos años, las políticas quebequenses sobre la inmigración privilegian a los inmigrantes instruidos, a los jóvenes, y a los que hablan francés; es decir, gente con un gran potencial de empleabilidad. A pesar de esta inmigración elegida, muchos inmigrantes enfrentan más dificultad que antes para encontrar un empleo que corresponda a sus cualificaciones. La presente tesis propone examinar esta paradoja con más detalle. Aunque varios estudios han abordado el tema de la inserción socioeconómica de los inmigrantes a partir de una perspectiva individualista, haciendo énfasis en el capital humano de los recién llegados, esta tesis propone más bien abordar el papel de la sociedad de acogida para comprender mejor la experiencia migratoria. Tomando como modelo las teorías de la interseccionalidad, el análisis toma en cuenta los procesos de racialización que se manifiestan a través de los discursos y de las prácticas de la sociedad de acogida. Para hacerlo, se realizó un estudio cualitativo basado en las entrevistas a veinticuatro migrantes internacionales de origen peruano que viven en las ciudades de Quebec y de Montreal. El objetivo es comprender mejor la experiencia de los inmigrantes peruanos en Quebec abordando tres temas diferentes pero interrelacionados; es decir, la inserción socioeconómica, la movilización en las redes sociales y la construcción identitaria de los encuestados. El análisis de las entrevistas revela que los peruanos utilizan diversas estrategias para integrarse socioeconómicamente, entre ellas, la aceptación de una cierta descualificación, la reorientación profesional y el regreso a los estudios. Inspirado en los trabajos del transnacionalismo —que ponen de relieve los lazos sociales mantenidos más allá de las fronteras nacionales principalmente por medio de Internet—, este estudio también demuestra que mantener lazos transnacionales influye en la inserción socioeconómica de los peruanos, aun cuando tienen acceso a más información durante el periodo premigratorio y a un apoyo familiar y social en la nueva sociedad. Se aborda igualmente la importancia de las diversas redes sociales utilizadas una vez en Quebec. En cuanto a la construcción identitaria, los encuestados evocan una nueva identidad híbrida, modificada y reconstruida en la nueva sociedad, marcada por un sentimiento de pertenencia hacia el lugar de origen y el lugar de acogida. Esta construcción identitaria también está marcada por una voluntad resuelta de “integrarse”, a pesar de la discriminación y de los obstáculos encontrados.
Pâquet, Martin. "Le fleuve et la cité : représentations de l'immigration et esquisses d'une action de l'État québécois, 1945-1968." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21380.
Full textBonneau, Martin. "Le blues de l'artiste-businessman : les musiciens québécois face à la nouvelle économie numérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29963.
Full textLes nouveaux outils numériques ont bouleversé l’industrie de la musique depuis une quinzaine d’années, entraînant des difficultés économiques et remettant en question plusieurs de ses fondements. On a notamment avancé que la « révolution » numérique allait entraîner une désintermédiation et renverser les rapports de pouvoir à l’avantage des artistes. Nous avons voulu dépasser les thèses utopiques et dystopiques concernant le numérique pour analyser ses conséquences sur les conditions de travail des musiciens québécois et leurs relations avec les intermédiaires. Nous avons mené quatorze entretiens semi-dirigés avec des musiciens québécois portant sur leurs conditions, les outils numériques, leurs liens de coopération et leur expérience de l’autoproduction. Notre enquête a finalement surtout fait ressortir les limites du numérique et de l’indépendance. Ces outils facilitent le démarrage d’un projet et permettent de contourner les structures traditionnelles de l’industrie, mais ne sont pas en mesure de les dépasser. La transition numérique fait que les artistes doivent acquitter davantage de tâches, mais ne s’est pas accompagnée d’un modèle économique compensant la baisse de leurs revenus. L’indépendance est plus accessible, mais les nouveaux outils n’ont pas donné plus de pouvoir ou de liberté aux musiciens. Dans plusieurs cas, elle est même une condition imposée aux artistes, surtout en début de carrière, alors que les maisons de disques ont réduit leur investissement et leur ont transféré certaines tâches. Si la débrouillardise peut permettre de développer sa carrière un certain temps, elle égale rarement l’expertise et les moyens des intermédiaires sans qui il demeure pratiquement impossible de percer le marché mainstream. L’indépendance apparaît ainsi plutôt comme l’antichambre d’une carrière plus professionnelle, stable et rentable. Le régime numérique a néanmoins durablement transformé le monde de la musique, alors que la division du travail, les conventions et les stratégies de gestion de l’incertitude ont sensiblement évolué.
Tossou, Dandé Bienvenu. "Estimation du rendement de la maîtrise en économique à l'Université Laval." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26132.
Full textThe purpose of this paper is to establish the Laval University Master graduates in economic’s earnings profile and calculate the returns associated with this diploma. The methodology used is identical to that used by Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) and Stark (2007). It combines the cost-benefit analysis of Becker (1960) and analysis by estimating the Mincer (1974) econometric model . We have calculated the return of master over the Bachelor in Economic firstly for the individual and then for the society. The calculation was first made generally and then by gender and type of employer of graduates. The database we use comes from the survey conducted in 2014 among graduates of the Economics Department by the Laval University placement service(SPLA) in collaboration with the department of economics. Our results show that the major employer of graduates of the department is the public sector including the federal public service, the provincial public service, the municipal public service, teaching. The majority of the graduates is male. The income of men is still higher than that of women and income of private sector workers are higher than those in public workers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the investment for the passage from bachelor to master is profitable both for the individual and for society. Indeed, the average private return is 5:3% and the average social return is 3:7%. The private return for males is 5:3% and women is 5:4%. The private return of private sector workers is 5:3% and that of public sector workers is 5:4%. The results corresponding to social performance are 3:7%, 3:5%, 3:8% and 3:6%, respectively, for men, women, workers in the private and public workers. We note as well as the social return is usually less than the private return, the private return of women exceeds that of men and the private performance in the public sector is larger than private. But the differences both between the sexes and the type of employer are of low magnitude. The qualitative conclusions we draw are going in the same direction as those of Vaillancourt et Ebrahimi (2010) and Stark (2007).
Croce, Francesca, and Francesca Croce. "Entrepreneuriat Féminin Autochtone : une enquête qualitative exploratoire sur les expériences entrepreneuriales des femmes Ilnuatsh dans le contexte communautaire de la Première Nation des Pekuakamiulnuatsh." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37747.
Full textL’entrepreneuriat féminin autochtone (EFA) est considéré aujourd’hui comme un thème de recherche émergent. Il suscite un intérêt de plus en plus important pour les décideurs de politiques publiques et les organisations internationales. En effet, il a été qualifié comme une stratégie afin d’améliorer les conditions de vie des femmes autochtones, qui sont partout dans le monde, malheureusement, victimes de discrimination et de plusieurs formes de violence systémique. Malgré l’intérêt que suscite le développement socioéconomique des femmes autochtones, la carence actuelle des études sur le sujet nuit à la compréhension des caractéristiques de l’EFA, qui demeure aujourd’hui un sujet d’étude très peu exploré, particulièrement par la communauté de chercheurs en administration et en entrepreneuriat. En conséquence, le présent projet de recherche doctorale vise à combler cette lacune, à la fois théorique et empirique, grâce à la réalisation d’une enquête qualitative sur les expériences entrepreneuriales des femmes autochtones. Grâce à une démarche qualitative exploratoire, collaborative et participative avec le milieu communautaire, la présente enquête qualitative sur les expériences entrepreneuriales des femmes a été réalisée au cours de l’été 2018 au sein d’une communauté autochtone du Québec, soit la communauté de Mashteuiatsh, qui appartient à la Première Nation des Pekuakamiulnuatsh. Cette enquête a été réalisée auprès de 22 femmes entrepreneures Ilnuatsh et de 5 acteurs du développement économique de la communauté. Ce projet de recherche doctorale s’inscrit dans les approches critiques en entrepreneuriat visant à élargir l’analyse de l’EFA aux aspects traditionnels de l’entrepreneuriat ainsi qu’aux modes de vie propres aux femmes autochtones. Par sa démarche exploratoire, donc, ce projet de recherche fait état des connaissances actuelles sur les expériences entrepreneuriales des femmes Ilnuatsh, tout en promouvant leur vision de l’entrepreneuriat et leur vécu, et en expliquant comment le contexte communautaire influence leurs expériences entrepreneuriales. Les résultats de l’enquête de terrain exploratoire ont permis de mettre en lumière dix thèmes émergents liés à l’analyse de l’EFA : 1) Motivations; 2) Valeurs; 3) Autoreprésentation de la EFA; 4) Obstacles; 5) Facteurs facilitants; 6) Savoir-faire local; 7) Rôle de la femme; 8) Modes de vie et traditions; 9) Perception de l’entrepreneuriat; 10) Hybridité entrepreneuriale. De plus, le corpus empirique a permis de reconstituer l’analyse du contexte communautaire afin de contextualiser et de mieux comprendre les expériences entrepreneuriales des femmes autochtones entrepreneures dans leur contexte d’action. Les résultats de cette recherche viennent combler la lacune scientifique existante sur le phénomène de l’EFA et remettent aussi en question les fondements épistémologiques de la discipline de l’entrepreneuriat « classique », telle qu’elle est divulguée et connue aujourd’hui dans l’académie. Sur le plan pratique, les résultats de cette recherche doctorale fournissent aux praticiens des recommandations visant particulièrement le développement de l’EFA et l’amélioration des initiatives existantes. Sur le plan social, cette recherche favorisera, tant par le processus utilisé que par la diffusion des résultats, l’intégration des femmes autochtones dans l’activité économique de la province de Québec, tout comme au niveau national et international, et une plus grande implication des femmes dans le développement socioéconomique de leur communauté autochtone d’appartenance. Mots clés : Approches critiques, contexte communautaire, enquête qualitative, entrepreneuriat, expériences entrepreneuriales, femmes autochtones, Québec.
Nowadays, Indigenous women entrepreneurship (IWE) is considered as an emerging research theme. It attracts a growing interest from policy-makers and international organizations. Indeed, it was described as a strategy to improve the living conditions of indigenous women, who are unfortunately considered everywhere in the world as victims of discrimination and several forms of systemic violence. There is an interest in the socio-economic development of indigenous women, but there are also insufficient studies on the topic, which undermines the understanding of the IWE characteristics. IWE is still very little explored by the research community, especially in administration and entrepreneurship. As a result, this doctoral research project aims to fill this gap, both theoretically and empirically, by conducting a qualitative survey on the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women. Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, with the cooperation and the participation of the community, this qualitative survey on the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women was conducted during the summer of 2018 in an indigenous community within the Province of Québec: the community of Mashteuiatsh, which belongs to the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation. This qualitative survey is based on 22 women entrepreneurs Ilnuatsh and 5 actors of the economic development of the community. This doctoral research project is inspired by critical approaches to entrepreneurship and aims at broadening the analysis of IWE to the traditional aspects of entrepreneurship and to indigenous women’s lifestyles. Through its exploratory approach, this research project reports current knowledge of the entrepreneurial experiences of Ilnuatsh women, while promoting their experiences and vision of entrepreneurship, and explains how the community context impacts their entrepreneurial experiences. The results of this exploratory survey highlight 10 emergent themes related to the IWE analysis: 1) Motivations; 2) Values; 3) Self-representation of the IWE; 4) Obstacles; 5) Facilitating factors; 6) Local know-how; 7) Role of the indigenous woman; 8) Lifestyles and traditions; 9) Perception of entrepreneurship; 10) Entrepreneurial hybridity. In addition, the empirical body of work has allowed the analysis of the community context to be reconstructed in order to contextualize and better understand the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women entrepreneurs in their context of action. The results of this research help fill the existing scientific gap on IWE, and also challenge the epistemological foundations of the “classic” entrepreneurship as disclosed and known today within the academy. In practical terms, the results of this doctoral research provide practitioners with specific recommendations for the development of IWE as well as the improvement of existing initiatives. In social terms, through the process used and the disclosure of results, this research will contribute to a better integration of indigenous women in the economic activity of the Province of Québec, and both at a national and international level, and to a greater involvement of indigenous women in the socioeconomic development of their home indigenous communities. Keywords: Critical approaches, community context, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial experiences, Indigenous women, qualitative inquiry, Québec.
Nowadays, Indigenous women entrepreneurship (IWE) is considered as an emerging research theme. It attracts a growing interest from policy-makers and international organizations. Indeed, it was described as a strategy to improve the living conditions of indigenous women, who are unfortunately considered everywhere in the world as victims of discrimination and several forms of systemic violence. There is an interest in the socio-economic development of indigenous women, but there are also insufficient studies on the topic, which undermines the understanding of the IWE characteristics. IWE is still very little explored by the research community, especially in administration and entrepreneurship. As a result, this doctoral research project aims to fill this gap, both theoretically and empirically, by conducting a qualitative survey on the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women. Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, with the cooperation and the participation of the community, this qualitative survey on the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women was conducted during the summer of 2018 in an indigenous community within the Province of Québec: the community of Mashteuiatsh, which belongs to the Pekuakamiulnuatsh First Nation. This qualitative survey is based on 22 women entrepreneurs Ilnuatsh and 5 actors of the economic development of the community. This doctoral research project is inspired by critical approaches to entrepreneurship and aims at broadening the analysis of IWE to the traditional aspects of entrepreneurship and to indigenous women’s lifestyles. Through its exploratory approach, this research project reports current knowledge of the entrepreneurial experiences of Ilnuatsh women, while promoting their experiences and vision of entrepreneurship, and explains how the community context impacts their entrepreneurial experiences. The results of this exploratory survey highlight 10 emergent themes related to the IWE analysis: 1) Motivations; 2) Values; 3) Self-representation of the IWE; 4) Obstacles; 5) Facilitating factors; 6) Local know-how; 7) Role of the indigenous woman; 8) Lifestyles and traditions; 9) Perception of entrepreneurship; 10) Entrepreneurial hybridity. In addition, the empirical body of work has allowed the analysis of the community context to be reconstructed in order to contextualize and better understand the entrepreneurial experiences of indigenous women entrepreneurs in their context of action. The results of this research help fill the existing scientific gap on IWE, and also challenge the epistemological foundations of the “classic” entrepreneurship as disclosed and known today within the academy. In practical terms, the results of this doctoral research provide practitioners with specific recommendations for the development of IWE as well as the improvement of existing initiatives. In social terms, through the process used and the disclosure of results, this research will contribute to a better integration of indigenous women in the economic activity of the Province of Québec, and both at a national and international level, and to a greater involvement of indigenous women in the socioeconomic development of their home indigenous communities. Keywords: Critical approaches, community context, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial experiences, Indigenous women, qualitative inquiry, Québec.
Doucet-Simard, Gabrielle. "Entre liberté et contrainte : les praticiens de l'art face au métier d'artiste." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27108.
Full textEtienne, Luc Sorel. "Le programme Première Ovation à Québec : étude des impacts d'une politique culturelle sur les artistes bénéficiaires." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38187.
Full textQuébec City’s Première Ovation Program: Study on the Impacts of a Cultural Policy on Artists Grant Recipients As part of the sociology of culture field, this thesis aims to study the impact of the Première Ovation program on the professional career of Québec City’s artists who have benefited from it. This program stems from the Entente de développement culturel as part of a partnership established between Québec City and the Ministère de la Culture, des Communications et de la Condition féminine du Québec (MCCCF). In this thesis, the effects of such a cultural policy, aiming to support creation on the recipients’ career, are assessed based on a comparative approach of socioeconomical and socioprofessional situations before, during and after receiving a Première Ovation grant. Individual interviews have been conducted with six literary artists, seven theatrical artists and nine visual arts artists all of whom received this grant between 2009 and 2012. Through the analysis of these interviews, this thesis evaluates the effectiveness of this cultural policy, and also introduces larger interpretation methods on both cultural and sociological involvements, on the integration of artistic creation in social life. At the end of our research, it clearly appears that, from one standpoint, Québec City has a pool of dynamic and well-trained young talents. From another standpoint, it appears that the Première Ovation program, dedicated since 2008 to the promotion of emerging talents, has a real impact on all three artistic fields studied. Between financial support and mentoring, both important features of support offered by this program, we can observe positive impacts in the short-, medium- and even long-term of the supported artists’ professional career. However, through the analysis of the paths of emerging artists, the thesis shows that, while a strong artistic and more broadly cultural production potential exists in Québec City, the omnipresent uncertainty surrounding producers persists, despite government funding to help creation. This ambivalent situation can be interpreted in light of the existing disparities between certain institutional aims and their inscription in the sociological realities of the City’s cultural community.
Agbantey, Ariel Jean Philippe. "L'impact des formations formelles sur le revenu et la durée du chômage des immigrants qualifiés dès l'arrivée au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27125.
Full textDioh, Marie-Laure. "L'immigrant au coeur de son intégration socioprofessionnelle : étude de cas des immigrants qualifiés en technologies de l'information (TI) à Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26117.
Full textThe socio-professional integration of the information technologies (IT) sector immigrant workforce in Quebec is not well documented. The sector is dynamic in the region and growing businesses are facing a labour shortage specific to the local economy. This would suggest the best possible integration of immigrants trained in IT, while studies on the general integration of immigrants highlight difficulties at both the provincial and regional levels. The methodology used in our study is qualitative. 28 skilled immigrants report their socio-professional situation prior to getting their first IT job in Quebec. We then study the professional trajectory of seven of them following a four step longitudinal approach, for one year (after one month, after 3 months, after 6 months and after one year to employment). To understand the integration process, this thesis taps into symbolic interactionist theory and takes a particular interest in the human experience and the symbolic dimension. It also refers to the interpretative process of Michael Piore (in Beyond Individualism, 1995) which recognizes, in today’s world, the emergence of social minorities, such as immigrants with special interests who are not recognized by institutions. The results of this approach emphasize the same barriers to professional integration as those observed with Quebec’s immigrant workforce in general. The market more specifically fails to assess and recognize the qualification and of these immigrant workers who are consequently underemployed. In the Quebec IT sector, insertion into first employment is thus conditioned by Quebec training. The integration in the labour market, studied within one year, is fraught with challenges and hides individual actions and integration strategies established by immigrants to circumvent the obstacles. In the face of this risk situation, the most surprising findings emerge. Indeed, monitoring the integration of these skilled workers over a continuous period of time brings to light the continuation of a project and an ability of agency on the part of the immigrants encountered. The study of these two dimensions posits that although some of them find themselves in a disappointing professional situation, they are not ultimately unhappy. They describe their satisfaction in terms of employment opportunities, material comfort, family plans, goods acquired, individual achievements and obstacles circumvented. Qualified workers in IT, socio-professional integration, ability of agency, professional project, life story, Quebec region
Harbour-Marsan, Ève. "Gouvernance et bilan depuis 1994 de l'approvisionnement énergétique au Nunavik : quelle est la participation des Inuits?" Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31886.
Full textRenewable energy, diesel power generation, Energy transition, Nunavik, Arctic, Canada, North of Quebec, Inuit, Aboriginals, First Nations, comanagement, governance, aboriginal participation, remote area, regional development, power relations The territory of Nunavik, mainly inhabited by the Inuit, is almost exclusively supplied by fossils energies. Ever since the hydroelectric development at James Bay and the suspension of the Grande- Baleine hydroelectric project, the energy sociopolitical environment in Nunavik had not been analyzed despite the socio-political upheaval that these projects had caused for Indigenous groups. The lack of interest in this issue is surprising considering the intensity of mining activity that is anticipated in the Plan Nord vision, and the repeated government and Hydro-Québec commitments to convert thermal power stations and to carry out projects in partnership with Aboriginal people. Carried out through a geopolitical analysis, the objective of this research was to answer the following questions. What are the energy projects developed, promoted and considered since 1994 for Nunavik? How the government and Hydro-Québec commitments and orientations, in regard to energy, have been implemented in Nunavik? Are the representations and concerns of certain actors more taken into account in the projects? How are the Inuit involved in decisions? Data are from from semi-structured interviews, institutional documents, the legal framework, improved by an internship within the Quebec Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. The results show that the energy strategy is focused on smaller renewable energies, but large hydropower projects are not neglected. Structures allow Inuit to be represented in decisions without giving them real control. Our analysis reveals that the expertise, the legal framework and rivalries, within Inuit society, undermine the greater participation and autonomy of Inuit in projects.
Dejar, Corine. "L'immigration à l'extérieur de la région métropolitaine de Montréal : le cas des jeunes étudiants Réunionnais." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33300.
Full textDoumbia, Maéva Zeïnab. "Genre identitaire et revenu relatif au sein des ménages : étude du cas Canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31864.
Full textDjuikom, Marie Albertine. "Three essays on the Return on investment in human capital of skilled immigrants in Quebec and internal labor migration in developing countries." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33994.
Full textCette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à la migration interne et internationale. Dans un premier temps, je m’intéresse à l’intégration professionnelle des immigrants de la catégorie des travailleurs qualifiés au Québec. Le Québec comme la plupart des autres provinces du Canada, sélectionnent leurs immigrants sur la base de caractéristiques particulières telles que le niveau d’éducation, l’expérience professionnelle, les compétences en français et ou en anglais. Ces compétences devraient faciliter l’insertion professionnelle de ces immigrants et il est donc surprenant de voir que près de la moitié d’entre eux retournent aux études une fois arrivés au Québec afin d’obtenir un diplôme universitaire ou collégial. De ce fait, les deux premiers chapitres de cette thèse s’attèlent à comprendre pourquoi ces immigrants, malgré une telle dotation en capital humain à l’entrée du marché du travail Québécois, décident de retourner aux études et quels sont les effets de cet investissement en éducation tout d’abord sur les fréquences d’emplois et les durées en emploi et ensuite, sur le profil de revenus. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse s’intéresse à la participation à la migration interne en Ouganda et l’effet de cette participation sur la productivité agricole des ménages vivant en milieu rural. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’effet dynamique de la formation post-migratoire sur l’offre de travail des immigrants. A cet effet, je fais la distinction entre un emploi qualifié et un emploi non qualifié. Ici, un emploi qualifié est celui-là qui correspond au plus haut diplôme obtenu par l’immigrant à l’entrée. J’utilise un modèle de durée à plusieurs états et à plusieurs épisodes qui permet de tenir compte de l’hétérogénéité observable et inobservable entre les individus. Le principal résultat révèle que les immigrants originaires de pays riches n’ont pas besoin d’investir davantage dans l’éducation Québécoise. En revanche, les immigrants originaires de pays pauvres quant à eux, bien que hautement qualifiés, bénéficient largement d’une telle formation à long terme car cela facilite leur transition vers des emplois qualifiés et non qualifiés et hors du chômage. Mes résultats indiquent également que la sélection dans l’éducation doit être prise en compte afin d’éviter des problèmes de sélection significatifs. À la différence du premier où on suppose que l’effet causal de la formation est le même pour chaque individu, le deuxième chapitre quant à lui s’intéresse à l’hétérogénéité de l’effet causal de la formation sur les revenus. Autrement dit, pour chaque individu il est possible d’estimer un effet moyen en comparant son revenu dans le cas où il a obtenu un diplôme au Québec avec la situation où il n’aurait pas eu un diplôme au Québec, et vice-versa. Ceci est possible grâce à l’introduction de l’approche bayésienne dans l’analyse d’évaluation d’impact mettant en exergue l’estimation du contre-factuel de la variable d’intérêt. Les principaux résultats révèlent que les gains de l’éducation acquise au Québec par rapport à ceux de l’éducation acquise à l’étranger diffèrent d’un immigrant à l’autre. En outre, il y a un gain négatif à entreprendre des études au Québec pour tous les immigrants. Particulièrement, plus la probabilité d’entreprendre des études au Québec est élevée plus le retour sur investissement est faible. Il semblerait que les employeurs rémunèrent les immigrants non pas seulement par rapport à leur diplôme or sa provenance mais aussi par rapport à la qualité de leur précédent emploi. Ainsi, on s’attendrait à ce que les immigrants, toute suite après leur formation, acceptent un emploi relativement moins rémunéré que celui qu’il aurait eu étant donné son éducation. Par ailleurs, bien que l’approche bayésienne suggère que, comparativement aux immigrants qui ont obtenu un diplôme collégial au Québec, ceux qui obtiennent un diplôme universitaire sont les plus négativement affectés par un tel investissement en éducation, l’approche Fréquentiste suggère que ces derniers obtiennent le meilleur rendement des études acquises au Québec. Cela soulève à nouveau la question du biais de sélection qui peut subvenir lorsque l’hétérogénéité de l’effet n’est pas prise en compte. Le troisième chapitre a pour objectif d’estimer la distribution de l’effet dynamique de la participation des ménages à la migration interne de la main d’œuvre sur la productivité agricole. Les résultats révèlent que même si en moyenne la migration interne affecte positivement la productivité agricole, il y a des ménages pour lesquels l’effet est négatif. De plus, les ménages pour qui l’effet est négatif sont pour la plupart de petits agriculteurs et sont par conséquent plus susceptibles d’être pauvres et donc plus susceptibles d’être sujet à la volatilité des prix au niveau local. Par ailleurs, l’effet moyen de la migration tend à augmenter avec la probabilité de participer à la migration interne signifiant que les individus décident de participer à la migration parce qu’ils anticipent des gains futurs plus élevés. Parallèlement, j’examine dans quelle mesure les taux de migration antérieurs, largement utilisés dans la littérature en tant qu’instrument de la décision de participer à la migration, sont exogènes à la productivité agricole. Les résultats suggèrent que ces variables ne sont pas exogènes car elles sont intimement corrélées avec la productivité agricole.
This doctoral thesis is interested in international and internal migration. First, it focuses on the professional integration of immigrants in the category of skilled workers in Quebec. Quebec is one of the ten provinces of Canada that, like most other provinces, implemented a program back in 1996 that explicitly selected highly qualified workers based on particular characteristics such as the level of education (Bachelors’, Masters’ or PhD’s), work experience, French and/or English proficiency. Despite these skills that should facilitate their professional integration, 48% of immigrants return to school once they arrive in Quebec in order to obtain a university or college diploma. The first two chapters of this thesis investigates why these immigrants decide to go back to school with such an endowment of human capital and what the effects of this investment in education are on the job frequencies and job durations and, on the earnings profile. This thesis then focuses on the households participation in internal labor migration and the dynamic effect of this participation on the agricultural productivity of households living in rural area of Uganda. The first chapter investigates the extent to which the return to foreign-acquired human capital is different from the education acquired in Quebec. Specifically, it seeks to estimate the benefits of post-migration education over foreign-education on the transitions between qualified and unqualified jobs and unemployment by means of a multiple-spells and multiplestates model. Here, a qualified job is one that corresponds to the highest degree obtained by the immigrant before they come in Quebec. The main results suggest that immigrants originating from well-off countries have no need to further invest in domestic education. Meanwhile, immigrants from poor countries, despite being highly qualified, benefit greatly from such training in the long run as it eases their transitions into qualified and unqualified jobs and out of unemployment. Our results also indicate that selection in education must be taken into account in order to avoid significant selection problems. Unlike the first chapter in which only the average effect of schooling is estimated, the goal of the second chapter is to estimate the distribution of the causal effect of Quebec-acquired education on migrants’ earnings. In other words, it is possible to estimate an average effect for each individual by comparing his income in the case he has obtained a Quebec diploma to the situation where he has not obtained a diploma from Quebec, and vice versa. This is possible thanks to the introduction of the Bayesian approach in the treatment analysis allowing to account for the heterogeneity of the effect. The main results reveal that on average and for each immigrant, there is a negative gain to study in Quebec. However, the magnitude of the effect differs from one immigrant to another. Particularly, the gains tend to decrease with the likelihood of enrolling in school and with the level of ability. Thus, our results suggest that employers pay migrants not only based on their level of education or its origin but more importantly based on the quality of prior jobs held. Furthermore, one would expect immigrants to accept, right after their training, a relatively less paid job than the one he would have had given his education. While the Bayesian approach suggests that immigrants who have enrolled to obtain a university degree are the most negatively affected, the Frequentist approach suggests that those immigrants obtain the highest positive return from Quebec-acquired education. This raises again the issue of mis-evaluation when the essential heterogeneity is not taking into account. The goal of the third chapter is to estimate the distribution of the dynamic effect of household participation in internal labor migration on agricultural productivity in Uganda. Since household can have both observed and unobserved factors that can affect both the decision to participate or not in migration and the return from it, this study account for the heterogeneity of the effect. Results reveal that although, on average, internal labor migration positively affects agricultural productivity, there are households for which the effect is negative. In addition, households for which the effect is negative are mostly small farmers, therefore more likely to be poor and more likely to be subject to local price volatility. It seems that return to migration helps poor household to meet other needs. Moreover, the average effect of migration tends to increase with the probability of participating in internal migration, meaning that households decide to participate in migration because they anticipate higher future returns. At the same time, we also examine the extent to which past migration rates, widely used in the literature as an instrument for the decision to participate in migration, are exogenous to agricultural productivity. Results show that these variables are not exogenous because they are highly correlated with agricultural productivity.
Aubuchon, Marie-Pier. "Perspectives d'avenir chez les jeunes atikamekws d'Opitciwan." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27175.
Full textThis sociology research project aims to shed light on the aspirations of the Atikamekw youth of Opitciwan; one of the three poverty struck Atikamekw communities in the Northern Saint-Maurice region of Québec, Canada. Its further aim is to discover the attitude of Atikamekw youth towards school education and employment. First, a brief portrait will be painted of the socio-economical, historical and political situation of the community. Then, the National Household Survey of 2011 statistics will be examined to define the socio-economical conditions of the community by paying a particular attention to the relationship between schooling, employment and income. This quantitative analysis will allow us to discover the dynamic of these three variables within the community of Opitciwan. Secondly, semi-structured interviews will be carried out with Opitciwan’s youth to identify their aspirations and motives. Our interview strategy will examine the reasoning of the participants’ aspirations such as the impressions they have of their possible future and how they conceive the achievement of their ambitions. Four socio-types will be created from this qualitative analysis to categorise the results and help facilitate their interpretation. The resulting socio-types are: the ambitious, the conscious-realistic, the insecure and the passive type. Finally, the quantitative and qualitative analysis will be compared. This will allow us to identify and expose the similarities and differences between the realities of the community and the values of its youth. This study will, most importantly, generate a better understanding of the attitude of Atikamekw youth towards education and employment. It will also allow us to discover the dynamic between education, employment and income in the community and aid in identifying Opitciwans’ socio-economic needs.
Brière, Simon. "Discrimination à l'embauche des candidats d'origine maghrébine dans la région de la Capitale-Nationale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26419.
Full textDemers-Pelletier, Anik. "Étude du processus de patrimonialisation du village de Saint-Élie-de-Caxton." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37609.
Full textUp until the 1960s, the village of Saint-Élie was mostly known for its lakes and its calvary. However, over the years, Saint-Élie suffered a demographic exodus brought about by the secularization movement, and, later on, by factories shuting down. Then in 2007, residents started noticing positive changes: the village began to liven up, visitors gradually invading the space and shops popping up all around. That was all thanks to a young storyteller, Fred Pellerin, who brought the village into light by using it as the backdrop to his world of tales and legends. In the sories told by the man who was named ambassador of Saint-Élie, the geography and topography refer to real world places and the protagonists, the legends, are real people that have actually existed. Hence the community has easily recognized itself in these stories and made this special heritage its own, now now transmiting it to visitors through guided tours, either on foot or by cart. Pellerin made his village famous and its name now resonates throughout the Francophone communities of Canada, from the Maritimes to the Yukon, and all the way to European Francophone communities. Just as these flocking tourists, who came to discover this non-imaginary village, we wanted to take a closer look at what has been happening in Saint-Élie-de-Caxton for the last fifteen years. Two research strategies were used top do so: a press review and a field survey. The press review, which ran from 1996 to 2016, allowed us to identify the media discourse of articles covering the village of Saint-Élie-de-Caxton, the storyteller, and the latter's career. The field survey consisted of interviews and observations that required several stays in Saint-Élie in order to gather testimonies, from long time residents as well as from newcommers, about the ongoing transformation of the village into a heritage tourist attraction as well as its revitalization. Thus, through these two major discursive axes, we have been able to uncover and identify numerous clues and markers that lead us to think a patrimonialization process may be at work in Saint-Élie-de-Caxton. The originality of our research lies in this unique opportunity for the ethnologist to "follow" the unfolding of a patrimonialization phenomenon step by step, during its development. We sought to understand who are the different agents and actors of this heritage development and what precise role they have played in the village's tourism development which led to a major revitalization. We have also endeavored to grasp the issues surrounding this heritage development, such as folklorization and museification. We were also interested in the consequences of this increase in visitor presence, the economic aspects and the changes in the Caxton landscape. Patrimonialization being a complex and changing process which varies in time and according to social actors, each case is different, autonomous, unique. Our goal was to understand how the process at work in Saint-Éliede- Caxton distinguishes itself from other such processes and has managed to turn this "ordinary" village into a popular tourist attraction.
Ouellet, Myriam. "Migration et classe sociale : trajectoires d'exil de réfugiés syriens réinstallés au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/31846.
Full textSince its outbreak in March 2011, the Syrian conflict has displaced more than 12 million individuals, who found themselves leaving their homes to seek refuge elsewhere. Among these people, 6.3 million are internally displaced and 5.3 million have left Syria, mostly for Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon. This paper explores the migration trajectories of Syria n refugees exiled in the Middle East and granted access to a resettlement program in Canada. Although some studies on refugee trajectories have mobilized the notion of social class, very few have taken a direct interest in its influence on the migratory process itself. Recent research reiterated the importance of considering social class as a variable in the analysis of migration trajectories by showing how the choice of itinerary seems to be dependent on the migrants’ resources, notably their economic and social resources. Thus, this project is looking at the impact of social class on the exile trajectories of Syrian refugees that resettled in Canada and proposes to introduce the analysis of social class in terms of access to different forms of capital — economic, social, cultural and spatial — and how belonging to a certain social class influences these trajectories. The results of our study show that, initially, during the migration to the first host country, access to resources influences positively the trajectory and experience of Syrians in exile in such a way that it favors individuals belonging to more privileged social classes. However, with regard to the process of resettlement in Canada, the results suggest the opposite. In fact, it is a greater vulnerability, characterized by limited access to resources, that inversely influences the trajectories of exile so as to favor the individual belonging to a more precarious class.
Poulin, Pierre. "Déclin portuaire et industrialisation : l'évolution de la bourgeoisie d'affaires de Québec à la fin du XIXe et au début du XXe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29093.
Full textRompillon, Samantha. "Portrait et itinéraires de l'immigrant dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent au XVIIIe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24333.
Full textFrancœur, Marie-Claude. "Le développement socio-économique des seigneuries gaspésiennes sous le Régime français : un modèle régional unique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19975.
Full textChartré, Christine. "Évolution historique et architecturale de la rue d'Auteuil, du milieu du XVIIIe siècle à nos jours." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33484.
Full textMontréal Trigonix inc. 2018
Caron, Jean-François. "Les apprentis à Québec de 1830 à 1849." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29110.
Full textBenoit, Jean. "Le développement des mécanismes de crédit et la croissance économique d'une communauté d'affaires : les marchands et les industriels de la ville de Québec au XIXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29162.
Full textCloutier, Pierre. "Un indice céramique du XVIIIe siècle : la céramique et le statut socio-économique des habitants de la place d'Youville au XVIIIe siècle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17656.
Full textLainé, Mathieu-Joffre. "Se tuer à l'ouvrage : le capital en guerre contre le travail, Québec 1878-1918." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26111/26111.pdf.
Full textPlante, Sarah-Émilie. "Cultiver les conditions idéales de la démocratie : l'affaire Dion-O'Neill, le scandale du gaz naturel et la moralité politique au Québec, 1956-1963." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25724.
Full textCloutier, Céline. "De la stratification archéologique à la stratification sociale : hygiène urbaine et conditions de vie de six familles ouvrières du faubourg Saint-Roch à Québec, au XIXe siècle." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28586.
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