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1

Kurlantzick, Joshua. "Separation Anxiety: Quebec versus Canada, Again." Current History 105, no. 688 (February 1, 2006): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2006.105.688.90.

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2

Sarrouh, Beesan T., and Keith Banting. "Regionalizing Dimensions of Citizenship: Accommodating Muslim Minorities in Quebec." European Yearbook of Minority Issues Online 13, no. 1 (May 22, 2016): 151–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116117_01301008.

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Quebec offers an interesting perspective on the relationship between minority nationalism and the integration of immigrants. Immigration into the homeland of a national minority often reinforces its sense of cultural insecurity. Quebec has responded by exercising its substantial jurisdiction within the Canadian federation to develop a distinctive approach to immigrant integration, known as interculturalism. This article examines the controversies surrounding Quebec’s approach. We argue that the actual content of current debates, which increasingly focus on the accommodation of religious diversity, is driven primarily by the church–state settlement reached in the province in the middle of the 20th century. However,Quebecers’ minority status does matter. It increases the frequency and intensity of conflict about diversity policy. In addition, it shapes attitudes toward the process for managing disputes. Quebecers’ believe such issues should be resolved within Quebec, and they resist the idea that pan-Canadian institutions should have a central role.
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St-Louis, Maryse, Carole Éthier, Josée Perreault, and Josée Lavoie. "A new Rhnullallele in francophone Quebecers." Transfusion 55, no. 6pt2 (October 9, 2014): 1580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/trf.12887.

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Lucas, Michel, Geneviève Asselin, Mélanie Plourde, Stephen C. Cunnane, Éric Dewailly, and Sylvie Dodin. "n-3 Fatty acid intake from marine food products among Quebecers: comparison to worldwide recommendations." Public Health Nutrition 13, no. 1 (May 12, 2009): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005679.

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AbstractObjectiveTo quantify marine food product consumption and EPA + DHA intake among Quebecers, and to compare the results with the most recent recommendations.DesignData were obtained from a representative cross-sectional telephone survey (June 2006). Intakes of marine food product species and EPA + DHA were estimated from a validated FFQ on the consumption of marine food products during the previous month. Prevalence of fish oil consumption in the last 6 months was also assessed.SettingProvince of Quebec (Canada).SubjectsA representative sample (n 1001) of adults in the province of Quebec. Of these, eight were excluded from the present analysis (n 993).ResultsMean and median EPA + DHA intakes for all participants were estimated to be 291 mg/d (sem 11) and 207 mg/d, respectively. 85·0 % (95 % CI 82·7, 87·3) of Quebecers had an EPA + DHA intake lower than 500 mg/d, which is the amount internationally recommended for the prevention of CVD. Mean and median DHA intakes among women of childbearing age (n 128, 18–34 years) were estimated to be 169 mg/d (sem 17) and 126 mg/d, respectively. Of these women, 27·7 % had a daily intake >200 mg DHA and 15·9 % had an intake >300 mg DHA. We noted that 13 % of Quebecers take ≥1 capsule of fish oil/d.ConclusionsConsumption of marine food products and EPA + DHA among Quebecers clearly appears to be lower than international recommendations. Since EPA + DHA confer health benefits and may reduce health costs, strategies to increase their consumption should be implemented to improve public health in Quebec.
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Bélanger, Alain, Jean-Dominique Morency, and Martin Spielauer. "A Microsimulation Model to Study the Interaction between Fertility and Union Formation and Dissolution: An Application to Canada and Quebec." Canadian Studies in Population 37, no. 3-4 (December 31, 2010): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6d047.

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Union formation and dissolution are among the main determinants explaining variations in fertility. Compared to the rest of Canada, Quebec’s marital histories are more complex and its prevalence of common-law unions much higher. The objective of this article is to examine the role of marital behaviours on fertility by comparing different indicators of fertility and conjugal life that were obtained through microsimulation. Parameters of the microsimulation model were estimated from hazard regressions performed on the marital and fertility histories collected in two retrospective longitudinal surveys: the Canadian General Social Survey (GSS) 2001 and 2006. Results show that the more complex marital histories of Quebecers can explain more than one-quarter of their fertility differences with the rest of the country.
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Lavigne, Francis. "La culture vidéoludique au Québec." Le jeu vidéo au Québec 14, no. 23 (July 8, 2021): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1078732ar.

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How are video games discussed through time in the Belle Province? Do Quebecers share a common and specific video game culture? We try to answer those two questions in this paper through an analysis of Bibliothèque and Archives nationales du Québec (BAnQ) catalogue. We compiled and analyzed a variety of discourses created and presented by (and for) Quebecers between 1978 and 2018. As we talk about different trends animating discourses on video games, we also discuss the limitations of BAnQ’s catalogue and the state of video game preservation in Quebec. We focus on a few key items pinpointed during our research at the Collection nationale.
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Naud, Daniel, Mélanie Hamel, Mélyna Caron, Virginie Cardin, Marie-Hélène D. Roux, and Mélanie Levasseur. "Caractéristiques environnementales favorisant la participation sociale: une enquête auprès d’aînés québécois." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 39, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980819000138.

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ABSTRACTWe document and compare the environmental characteristics potentially associated with social participation of older Quebecers, according to the level of rurality. A survey was carried out among older Quebecers aged 65 and over recruited by different senior groups and through social media. The Questionnaire their potential for social participation, developed from a systematic literature review, was completed by respondents. According to the 515 older participants, 71.5 years old on average, environmental characteristics linked to social participation, as well as user-friendliness of the city and neighborhood, are more favorably perceived in metropolitan and urban areas than rural areas. However, access to public transportation and the welcoming and openness of local residents are more appreciated by rural respondents. These results support the presence of inequalities in social participation according to level of rurality and offer some leads for action.
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Lévesque, Benoît, Marc Rhainds, Pierre Ernst, Anne-Marie Grenier, Tom Kosatsky, Nathalie Audet, and Pierre Lajoie. "Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis in Quebec Children." Canadian Respiratory Journal 11, no. 5 (2004): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/731463.

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BACKGROUND:The Health and Social Survey of Quebec Children and Youth, conducted on representative samples of children nine, 13 and 16 years of age, provided data on the prevalence and determinants of asthma and allergic rhinitis in Quebec.OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis among children in the province of Quebec and to identify the determinants of these pathologies.METHODS:Three groups of more than 1100 children aged nine, 13 and 16 years were recruited. Respiratory symptoms were documented using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire. Questions enquiring about family income, smoking, degree of urbanization of the child's school's location and various variables related to indoor air were also included. The comparisons of proportions were done using theX2test.RESULTS:The prevalence rates for reported history of asthma varied from 14% to 15% depending on the age group. The prevalence of wheezing in the past year was 7% to 8%. Asthma was the primary cause of the limitation of activities due to a health problem in nine- and 13-year-old Quebecers, and the second most common cause in 16-year-old Quebecers. The prevalence of rhinitis, rhinoconjunctivitis and reported history of hay fever increased with age, reaching 28.0%, 15.9% and 21.1%, respectively, in the 16-year-old group. The prevalence of asthma and wheezing was associated with family history and allergies, and inversely related to family income.CONCLUSIONS:The prevalence of childhood asthma is high in the province of Quebec. It is a major cause of the limitation of activities due to a health problem for young Quebecers. A family history of asthma and an atopic predisposition are important determinants in the development of asthma in Quebec.
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Csipak, James, and Lise Héroux. "NAFA, Quebecers and Fear (?) of Americanization: Some Empirical Evidence." Quebec Studies 29 (April 2000): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.29.1.25.

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10

Shatenstein, Bryna, Sylvie Nadon, and Guylaine Ferland. "Diet Quality Among Older Quebecers As Assessed By Simple Indicators." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 64, no. 4 (December 2003): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/64.4.2003.174.

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To determine whether older Quebecers are eating adequately and whether summary scores represent diet quality, a representative subset of participants aged 55 to 74 (weighted n=460, 47% male) was studied from the 1990 Enquête québécoise sur la nutrition dataset. Participants’ diet quality was scored from adjusted 24-hour recalls. Foods were coded into Canada's Food Guide to Healthy Eating food groups. Usual Dietary Adequacy Score (maximum=18) and Dietary Diversity Score (maximum=4) were calculated from adjusted food guide portions and validated internally in relation to achievement of nutrient recommendations using correlation analysis. Average usual Dietary Adequacy Score (mean ± standard error) was 14.96 ± 0.15 (men) and 13.72 ± 0.15 (women). Only 7% of men and 1% of women achieved the maximum usual score. Fortyfour percent of men and 45% of women scored a usual Dietary Diversity Score of 3, and 55% of men and 50% of women achieved 4. Thus, approximately half of older Quebecers showed inadequate dietary variety, and consumed fewer than the minimum recommended number of servings from certain food groups. Summary diet quality indicators are useful for tracking diet quality, and provide critical data for planning nutrition education programs targeting older persons.
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Bénard, Mélanie. "Promouvoir l’accessibilité à l’aide de la loi: un appel à une réforme législative au Québec." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 6, no. 2 (June 28, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v6i2.351.

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Cet article traite de l’évolution des lois à l’égard des personnes handicapées au Québec. Il démontre les lacunes importantes du cadre législatif actuel, illustrant ainsi la nécessité d’une réforme législative pour assurer le droit à l’égalité des personnes handicapées. En 1978, l’Assemblée nationale adopta la Loi assurant l’exercice des droits des personnes handicapées, loi fort avant-gardiste pour l’époque. Cette loi créa l’Office des personnes handicapées du Québec (l’OPHQ) et comprenait plusieurs dispositions visant l’amélioration de l’accessibilité des services et des lieux publiques. La loi de 1978 fut amendée en 2004 pour modifier les obligations du secteur public et pour redéfinir le rôle de l’OPHQ. Malgré ses amendements, la loi québécoise manque du mordant. Contrairement aux cadres législatifs dans d’autres juridictions, la loi québécoise s’applique seulement au secteur public et elle ne contient aucune mesure efficace de mise en œuvre. En conséquence, d’innombrables obstacles continuent à limiter l’inclusion et la participation sociale des personnes handicapées au Québec. This article traces the evolution of Quebec’s disability legislation. Pointing out important gaps in the current legal framework, it demonstrates the need for legislative reform to ensure the full inclusion of people with disabilities in Quebec society. In 1978, the National Assembly adopted the Act to secure handicapped persons in the exercise of their rights. This cutting-edge law contained several measures aimed at improving the accessibility of public services and spaces. It also created a government Disability Office, the Office des personnes handicapées du Québec (OPHQ). This law was amended in 2004 to redefine the role of the OPHQ and to modify the obligations of the public sector. Despite these amendments, Quebec’s disability legislation lacks teeth. Unlike laws in other jurisdictions, Quebec’s disability law only applies to the public sector and it lacks strong enforcement mechanisms. As a result, Quebecers with disabilities continue to face countless barriers in exercising their right to equality.
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Monetta, Laura, Annie Légaré, Joël Macoir, and Maximiliano A. Wilson. "Questionnaire Sémantique de Québec (QueSQ). Développement, validation et normalisation." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 39, no. 1 (June 10, 2019): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980819000333.

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ABSTRACTThe main objective of this study was to present the development, validation and normalization of the Quebec Semantic Questionnaire (QueSQ). The QueSQ is a 12-item questionnaire designed for the rapid screening of semantic disorders. Psycholinguistic parameters that can influence performance, such as the nature of semantic features and superordinate semantic categories, were taken into account during its development. Psychometric qualities of QueSQ were demonstrated during the validation process. QueSQ normative data were established on the basis of age and level of education, from a sample of 100 Franco-Quebecers aged 50 years and over.
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Landry, Myriam, Simone Lemieux, Annie Lapointe, Alexandra Bédard, Ariane Bélanger-Gravel, Catherine Bégin, Véronique Provencher, and Sophie Desroches. "Is eating pleasure compatible with healthy eating? A qualitative study on Quebecers' perceptions." Appetite 125 (June 2018): 537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.033.

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14

Darchinian, Fahimeh, and Marie-Odile Magnan. "Boundaries Through the Prism of Post-secondary and Professional Orientation: The Views of Young Québec Adults of Immigrant Background." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/326.

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Based on our collection of life stories (n = 25), our qualitative study seeks to better understand, after the fact, how young, immigrant-background adults in Québec negotiate ethnocultural boundaries through their post-secondary and professional orientation experiences, particularly in terms of linguistic choices. The analyses highlight the strengthening of boundaries within Québec’s educational institutions and workplaces. The results expose different examples of racism experienced by young adults in their relations with the Québec francophone majority that led them to integrate into English-language post-secondary education and workplaces. In addition, young adults from “black” and “Arabic” minorities more frequently report racist attitudes from francophone Quebecers.
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F.-Dufour, Isabelle, Marie-Pierre Villeneuve, and Denis Lafortune. "Does the “last chance” sentence work? Ten years of failures and successes under a juvenile intermediate sanction in Canada." Punishment & Society 20, no. 5 (August 8, 2017): 539–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1462474517724142.

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Deferred custody and supervision order, an intermediate sanction which came into effect in 2003, had never been the subject of a scientific study. In the absence of research data, judges would give the sentence without knowing the outcome. To fill this gap, this study presents the failure rates (technical violations, revocations and new-crime violations) and success rates of all young Quebecers who completed a deferred custody and supervision order between 1 June 2003 and 31 May 2012. As with studies that examined similar sentences elsewhere in the world, success rates are relatively low. Suggestions are made to limit failures associated with this type of juvenile intermediate sanctions.
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KIRCHER, RUTH. "How pluricentric is the French language? An investigation of attitudes towards Quebec French compared to European French." Journal of French Language Studies 22, no. 3 (February 7, 2012): 345–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269512000014.

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ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of a study that employed a questionnaire and a matched-guise experiment to investigate the attitudes that Quebec francophones, anglophones, French-English bilinguals and allophones hold towards Quebec French compared to European French. The findings indicate that attitudes towards Quebec French on the solidarity dimension have improved since the 1980s, while attitudes on the status dimension have remained the same. These findings are interpreted in the context of the burgeoning of Quebecers’ sense of belonging to their society on the one hand, and the tradition of viewing French as a monocentric rather than a pluricentric language on the other hand.
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McGrane, David, and Loleen Berdahl. "Reconceptualizing Canadian Federal Political Culture: Examining Differences between Quebec and the Rest of Canada." Publius: The Journal of Federalism 50, no. 1 (April 29, 2019): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/publius/pjz010.

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AbstractWhile the concept of federal political culture has been attractive to federalism scholars, Canada has proved to be a puzzling case and generated contradictory results across studies. We test a new definition of Canadian federal political culture using original survey data and find that Canadians have moderate levels of federal political culture driven by a utopian view of federalism in which the promotion of diversity should be achieved without any negative consequences for the unity of the polity. We also find that Quebecers and other Canadians have similar levels of federal political culture and that the results are consistent when survey questions are altered to take out country-specific references.
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Fabre, Gérard. "Return to Analogy: Quebecers and African Americans in Pierre Vallières’s White Niggers of America." Quebec Studies 62 (December 2016): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2016.16.

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Dewailly, Éric, Carole Blanchet, Suzanne Gingras, Simone Lemieux, Louise Sauvé, Jean Bergeron, and Bruce John Holub. "Relations between n−3 fatty acid status and cardiovascular disease risk factors among Quebecers." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 74, no. 5 (November 1, 2001): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/74.5.603.

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Roult, Romain, Nadège Domergue, Denis Auger, and Jean-Marc Adjizian. "Cross-country skiing by Quebecers and where they practice: towards ‘dwelling’ outdoor recreational tourism." Leisure/Loisir 41, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2017.1338160.

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Callard, Cynthia. "The ‘common knowledge’ of Quebecers: quantifying the evidence of historians testifying for defendant tobacco companies." Tobacco Control 25, no. 5 (November 27, 2015): 492–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2015-052618.

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Turgeon, Luc, Antoine Bilodeau, Stephen E. White, and Ailsa Henderson. "A Tale of Two Liberalisms? Attitudes toward Minority Religious Symbols in Quebec and Canada." Canadian Journal of Political Science 52, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 247–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423918000999.

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AbstractProponents of restrictions on the wearing of religious symbols in public institutions in Quebec have often framed their support in the language of liberalism, with references to “gender equality”, “state neutrality” and “freedom of conscience”. However, efforts to account for support for restrictions on minority religious symbols rarely mention liberalism. In this article, we test the hypothesis that holding liberal values might have different attitudinal consequences in Quebec and the rest of Canada. Our findings demonstrate that holding liberal values is associated with support for restrictions on the wearing of minority religious symbols in Quebec, but it is associated with opposition to such restrictions in the rest of Canada. Moreover, this difference between Quebec and the rest of Canada in the relationship between liberal values and support for restrictions on minority religious symbols can explain Quebecers' greater support for restrictions.
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Lagarde, François. "Fostering Equity Through Downstream, Midstream and Upstream Social Marketing." Social Marketing Quarterly 20, no. 4 (October 13, 2014): 268–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500414553737.

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The mission of the Lucie and André Chagnon Foundation, Canada’s largest private foundation, is to prevent poverty by contributing to the educational success of young Quebecers. The Foundation embraces a comprehensive approach. It supports parents, community mobilization, and the emergence of a societal movement to advance early childhood development and student retention. The Foundation has also developed an innovative philanthropic partnership with the Quebec government. Social marketing principles and practices are systematically applied in some of its initiatives, such as the promotion of parenting behaviors. In light of the multiple factors associated with complex issues such as child development and equity, social marketers need to go beyond downstream behavior change programs in their quest to make a meaningful contribution. They must increasingly adapt their social marketing practice to the context of community participation (midstream) and policy (upstream) initiatives—wherever they are members of multidisciplinary and multistakeholder teams.
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Lehnert, Tessa E., and Thomas Hörstermann. "The Role of Implicit Nationality Preference in Speaker Evaluations in the Multilingual Context of Montreal." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 38, no. 3 (December 19, 2018): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x18820080.

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Multilingual contexts in cross-border regions are characterized by a high number of inhabitants making use of various languages depending on the context. A language that a person speaks thus cannot be used as indicator of national group membership, which highlights the need for a distinction. The present study aimed to transfer an adapted model positing language and nationality attitudes as distinct factors of speaker evaluations, both on an explicit and implicit level, to the context of Montreal. Explicit attitudes were assumed to primarily affect explicit speaker evaluations, whereas implicit attitudes were expected to be the primary predictor of implicit speaker evaluations. Results primarily confirmed the distinctness of language and nationality concepts on an implicit attitude level. Moreover, the crucial role of nationality preference on an implicit level was highlighted: Quebecers’ implicit nationality attitudes affected implicit preferences for the Quebec nation suggesting affirmation of model transferability.
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Oxman, Bernard H., and Stephen J. Toope. "Self-determination—Canada—Quebec—right to secede under constitutional law and public international law—role of international law in Canadian courts." American Journal of International Law 93, no. 2 (April 1999): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2998007.

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Re Reference by Governor in Council Concerning Certain Questions Relating to Secession of Quebec from Canada.Supreme Court of Canada, August 20, 1998.In an attempt to clarify the legal context in which continuing Canadian constitutional conundrums arise, the federal executive referred three questions to the Supreme Court of Canada regarding the legality under both Canadian constitutional law and international law of a potential unilateral declaration of independence by the Province of Quebec. The Court declared that unilateral secession is not permitted under either Canadian constitutional law or international law. The “underlying principles that animate” the Canadian Constitution preclude secession, even though there is no specific text prohibiting the dismantling of the Canadian state. However, if Quebecers were to vote yes to secession by “a clear majority on a clear question,” democratic legitimacy would be conferred on the secessionist project and a constitutional obligation to negotiate would arise binding the other provinces and the federal authority.
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Morneau-Sévigny, Flore, Joannie Pouliot, Sophie Presseau, Marie-Hélène Ratté, Marie-Pier Tremblay, Joël Macoir, and Carol Hudon. "Validation de stimuli prosodiques émotionnels chez les Franco-québécois de 50 à 80 ans." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 33, no. 2 (April 25, 2014): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980814000063.

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ABSTRACTFew batteries of prosodic stimuli testing have been validated for Quebec-French people. Such validation is necessary to develop auditory-verbal tasks in this population. The objective of this study was to validate a battery of emotional prosodic stimuli for French-Québec aging subjects. The battery of 195 stimuli, which was elaborated by Maurage et al. (2007), is composed of 195 prosodic stimuli and was administrated to 50 healthy Quebecers aged 50-to-80 years. The percentages of good responses were calculated for each stimulus. For each emotion, Cronbach’s alphas were calculated to evaluate the internal consistency of the stimuli. Results showed that among the 195 stimuli, 40 were correctly recognized by at least 80 per cent of the subjects. Anger was the emotion that was most correctly identified by the participants, while recognition of disgust was the least recognised. Overall, this study provides data that will guide the selection of prosodic stimuli in evaluating French-Québécois.
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Cohen, Alan, Alistair Senior, Véronique Legault, David Raubenheimer, Stephen Simpson, Nancy Presse, Pierrette Gaudreau, and David Le Couteur. "Nutrient Intake Patterns Predict Homeostatic Dysregulation in an Older Quebec Population." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3101.

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Abstract The geometric framework for nutrition has largely been applied to macronutrients in experimental settings. Here, we utilize the framework to examine both macro and micronutrient intake patterns in observational human data. We used nutritional intake patterns (3x 24h recall per visit) of 1754 older Quebecers from the NuAge cohort to predict multi-system homeostatic dysregulation scores calculated from 30 biomarkers. Intermediate intake of both macro- and micronutrients was generally associated with lower dysregulation scores (i.e., better health). Furthermore, there were often nutrient-nutrient interactions, such that the optimal level of one nutrient depends on the intake level of others. However, higher protein intake was generally associated with better health, and results varied substantially across different dysregulation systems. Accordingly, even though nutrition does have important effects on health trajectories during aging, it will be challenging to arrive at population-level recommendations to fine-tune nutrient intake patterns to optimize health beyond “everything in moderation.” Part of a symposium sponsored by the Nutrition Interest Group.
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beauchemin, raymond. "You Crack Me Up!" Gastronomica 6, no. 2 (2006): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2006.6.2.65.

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The Confréérie mondiale de les chevaliers de l'omelette gééante (World Fraternity of Knights of the Giant Omelet) spreads good cheer in several countries of the French-speaking world through the making and sharing of giant omelets. The tradition began in 1973 in Bessièères, France, where the townspeople fed indigent families in town. The practice of making a giant omelet soon spread to Frééjus, France; Malmedy, Belgium, and other cities with francophone histories: Dumbééa, New Caledonia; Granby, Quebec, and Abbeville, Louisiana. Each omelet has a regional flavor. The Louisiana omelet is influenced by Cajun and Creole cooking traditions. In Belgium, the omelet is made with pork lard. The recipe for Granby's more traditional omelet is familiar to most Quebecers: eggs, salt, parsley, thyme, pepper, scallions, and olive oil. In this case: fifteen thousand eggs, four liters of salt, five thousand scallions, and twenty liters of extra-virgin olive oil. The omelet is calculated to serve ten thousand.
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Sioufi, Rana, Richard Y. Bourhis, and Réal Allard. "Vitality and ethnolinguistic attitudes of Acadians, Franco-Ontarians and Francophone Quebecers: two or three solitudes in Canada's bilingual belt?" Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 37, no. 4 (August 19, 2015): 385–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2015.1072205.

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McWhinney, Andrew. "From Aggression to Acceptance: The Shifting of Quebecois Nationalist Attitudes in Relation to Indigenous Nationalism in Canada." Political Science Undergraduate Review 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur45.

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This essay examines the shifting relationship between Quebecois and Indigenous nationalism, tracing a historical path from post-Quiet Revolution Quebec to the signing of the “La Paix des Braves” document in 2002. Nationalist attitudes in Quebec were initially hostile towards their Indigenous counterparts, due to the Indigenous push of a three-nation conception of Canada which undermined the Quebecois dualist English-French founding narrative upon which Quebecois nationalist claims rested. This essay argues that Quebecois nationalist attitudes have grown more accepting over time in response to popularization of the three-nation conception of Canada, and that Quebec’s unique hybrid position as a decolonizing nation and a settler-colonial nation has allowed it to do so through recognition of Indigenous peoples as co-colonized by the Canadian state. This shift from aggression to tolerance is shown through examinations of historical moments such as the James Bay Agreement, the Meech Lake and Charlottetown Accords, and the Oka Crisis.
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Roy, Jean-Louis. "Entre le changement et l'indiscipline." La réforme des relations fédérales-provinciales 26, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042646ar.

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In this article the author presents a view on federal-provincial relations which he sees as characterized by constant change and a lack of discipline both of which have recently resulted in a degradation of the system itself. Hence, there is a need to return to a reasonable level of predictability in federal-provincial relations which may be characterized by moderation. Roy points out that English Canada and Quebec are not mutually exclusive societies and there exists a variety of mechanisms which could contribute to common understanding. As publisher of the daily « Le Devoir », Roy points out that his paper was staunchly opposed to the Constitutional Law of 1982. Yet, due to the majority of Quebecers who rejected the sovereignty option as well as the recent ruling on a veto prerogative for Quebec, a new outlook must be adopted. Quebec must ask itself three questions. First, has it given sufficient consideration to the existence of its various partners ? Secondly, could Quebec be moving too fast towards its goals ? Thirdly, has Quebec capitalized on all the positive elements in its relationships ? The author concludes by affirming that regardless of other elements, Quebec and Canada have the obligation to negotiate with their neighbors
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van Ert, Gibran. "Nationality, State Succession, and the Right of Option: The Case of Québec." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 36 (1999): 151–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800006901.

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SummarySome advocates of Québec separatism claim that Quebecers could retain their Canadian nationality following Québec’s secession from Canada. This article examines international nationality law to test the accuracy of that claim. A device known as an option exists in international law as a means of allowing individuals to determine for themselves the effect of state succession upon their nationality. This article considers the place of options in the law of state succession, both as it now stands and as proposed by the International Law Commission’s Draft Articles on the Nationality of Natural Persons in Relation to the Succession of States, 1997. Four possible arguments in favour of a Québécois option are given, the most convincing of which arises by analogy to state practice in the use of plebiscites. This argument suggests that international law would require the state of Québec to grant all Canadians affected by Québec’s secession a right to opt for Canadian nationality instead of Québécois nationality with the caveat that those opting to retain Canadian nationality could face expulsion from Québec. Finally, the article suggests that the development of human rights in international law should extend to recognize a true human right of option in cases of state succession. Regrettably, the ILC Draft hinders, rather than encourages, this desirable development.
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Levasseur, Mélanie, Daniel Naud, Jean-François Bruneau, and Mélissa Généreux. "Environmental Characteristics Associated with Older Adults’ Social Participation: The Contribution of Sociodemography and Transportation in Metropolitan, Urban, and Rural Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228399.

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Although social participation fosters older adults’ health, little is known about which environmental characteristics are related to greater participation in social activities. The Canadian Community Health Survey (n = 2737), a transportation survey, and multiple secondary data sources were used to identify the environmental characteristics associated with older Quebecers’ social participation according to living area. Greater social participation was associated with: (1) a higher concentration of older adults (IRR = 2.172 (95% CI 1.600, 2.948); p < 0.001), more kilometers traveled by paratransit (IRR = 1.714 (95% CI 1.286, 2.285); p < 0.01), a lack of medical clinics (IRR = 0.730 (95% CI 0.574, 0.930); p = 0.01), and more funded home adaptations (IRR = 1.170 (95% CI 1.036, 1.320); p = 0.01) in large metropolitan areas; (2) larger paratransit fleets (IRR = 1.368 (95% CI 1.044, 1.791); p = 0.02) and a lower density of road intersections (IRR = 0.862 (95% CI 0.756, 0.982); p = 0.03) in regular metropolitan areas; (3) less social deprivation (IRR = 1.162 (95% CI 1.025, 1.318); p = 0.02) in urban areas; and (4) a higher concentration of older populations (IRR = 2.386 (95% CI 1.817, 3.133); p < 0.001) in rural areas. According to these findings, social participation interventions should target the local environment—for example, by providing more social interaction opportunities for older adults living in younger neighborhoods and by improving access to public transportation, especially paratransit.
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Nieguth, Tim. "An Austrian Solution for Canada? Problems and Possibilities of National Cultural Autonomy." Canadian Journal of Political Science 42, no. 1 (March 2009): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423909090015.

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Abstract. Over the last few decades, non-territorial forms of national self-government have attracted increasing interest in political science, especially in the guise of national cultural autonomy. National cultural autonomy is a model of self-government that was pioneered by Austrian theorists and politicians Karl Renner and Otto Bauer in the waning days of the Habsburg Empire, yet was never implemented in Austria–Hungary. This paper will examine some of the problems and possibilities that may attend a transfer of national cultural autonomy as a model of self-government into Canadian political discourse, especially as regards Quebec nationalism, Francophone communities outside Quebec, Anglophone Quebecers, self-government for Aboriginal peoples, and political values in English-speaking Canada.Résumé. Au cours des dernières décennies, les formes non territoriales d'autonomie gouvernementale nationale ont fait l'objet d'un intérêt croissant en science politique, en particulier le concept de l'autonomie culturelle nationale. L'autonomie culturelle nationale est un modèle autonomiste développé par les théoriciens et politiciens autrichiens Karl Renner et Otto Bauer lors du déclin de l'Empire habsbourgeois, mais qui ne fut jamais mis en place dans l'Empire austro-hongrois. Cet article examinera quelques-uns des problèmes et quelques-unes des possibilités qui pourraient émerger d'un transfert de ce modèle dans le discours politique canadien sur l'autonomie gouvernementale, en particulier en ce qui a trait au nationalisme québécois, aux communautés francophones situées à l'extérieur du Québec, aux Québécois anglophones, à l'autonomie gouvernementale des peuples autochtones et aux valeurs politiques du Canada anglais.
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35

Peach, Ian. "Quebec Bill 96 - Time For a Primer on Amending the Constitution." Constitutional Forum / Forum constitutionnel 30, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21991/cf29424.

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On May 13, 2021, the Government of Quebec introduced Bill 96, “An Act Respecting French, the Official and Common Language of Quebec” in the Quebec National Assembly.1 Bill 96 is a multi-faceted, and fairly sweeping, modernization of the Charter of the French Language, commonly known as Bill 101. It is primarily an attempt to use the power of the state to ensure that French is used more in Quebec, that more Quebecers are educated in French, and that anyone who wants to learn French has access to French lessons.2 As there is some evidence that French is being used less in Quebec than it has been in recent decades, the government wants to act to make French the “common language of Quebec,” as the Bill’s title suggests. While a number of the provisions of Bill 96 may violate the rights of the English-language minority in the province, which is a matter that should be of concern to all Canadians and the Government of Canada, I want to address another issue with the constitutionality of Bill 96. 1 Bill 96, An Act respecting French, the official and common language of Québec, 1st Sess, 42nd Leg, Québec, 2021 (first reading 13 May 2021), online: <www.m.assnat.qc.ca/en/travaux-parlementaires/projets-loi/ projet-loi-96-42-1.html> [An Act Respecting French]. 2 Kate McKenna, “Quebec seeks to change Canadian Constitution, make sweeping changes to language laws with new bill”, CBC News (14 May
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Laplante, Benoît, Caia Miller, and Paskall Malherbe. "The Evolution of Beliefs and Opinions on Matters related to Marriage and Sexual Behaviour among French-speaking Catholic Quebecers and English-speaking Protestant Ontarians." Canadian Studies in Population 33, no. 2 (December 31, 2006): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6b31h.

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The authors argue that the important changes in behaviour related to family and sexual life that were seen in Quebec during the second half of the 20th century are a consequence of a major transformation of the foundation of the normative system shared by the members of Quebec’s main socio-religious group, Frenchspeaking Catholics. Using data from Gallup polls, the authors compare the evolution of the opinions of French-speaking Quebec Catholics and Englishspeaking Ontario Protestants on matters related to sexual and family behaviour from the 1950s to the beginning of the 2000s. The general result is that the evolution of the differences between the two groups is compatible with the hypothesis.
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37

Jones, Richard. "RUDIN, Ronald, The Forgotten Quebecers: a History of English-Speaking Quebec, 1759-1980. Québec, Institut québécois de recherche sur la culture, 1985. 315 p." Revue d'histoire de l'Amérique française 40, no. 1 (1986): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/304426ar.

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38

Bellehumeur, Christian R., Louis-Charles Lavoie, Judith Malette, Raymond Lapree, and Marilyn Guindon. "An Empirical Study of Young French Quebecers’ Imaginary Using the Archetypal Test with Nine Elements: Exploring the Links between Interpersonal Styles and Socioeconomic Status." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Cultural Studies 7, no. 3 (2013): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-008x/cgp/v07i03/53167.

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39

Chaput, Roger. "Du rapport Durham au « rapport» Brossard : le droit des Québécois à disposer d'eux-mêmes." Histoire du droit et des institutions 20, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042318ar.

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In spite of apparent acceptance by the Imperial government of Durham's recommendation for accelerating the inevitable assimilation of the French culture into its Anglo-Saxon environment, French Canadians nevertheless enjoyed a fair amount of de facto self-government during the years which preceded Confederation. A proof of this is their ability to consolidate during that period the ecclesiastical establishment which was to constitute the core of their social structure for the next century and their success in putting the French language more or less on the same footing as the English language by the repeal of article XLI of the Union Act. Quebeckers were even successful in effecting the codification of their civil laws. All of this however required the active cooperation of the English members of the provincial legislature. A real measure of self-determination was attained by the French as a result of Confederation which gave each province including Quebec exclusive jurisdiction in certain matters. In theory, this new freedom was to be exercised within fairly narrow limits, in view of the federal power to disallow provincial statutes, of the extensive list of federal powers which had priority over a smaller list of provincial powers, and of the federal residual power, not to mention the « general » authority of the federal Parliament. As it turned out, the provinces and therefore Quebeckers enjoyed much more freedom than had been anticipated, as a result of the Privy Council's interpretation of the constitution, a development which to some extent was predictable. The increase in provincial freedom was also due to the political pressure exercised by the provinces themselves. Surprisingly enough, Quebec did not join the « provincial league » at an early hour, Ontario being at first the main defender of provincial autonomy. Quebec's espousal of the provincial cause had to await the removal from power of the Conservatives in the province. The Liberals who took over had voted against Confederation which they regarded as unduly centralized. This in itself would have made them an ally of Ontario. But there was more than that to it. The Quebec Liberals had opposed the 1867 federation from the start (and refused to participate in the 1864 coalition) because they considered that Quebec's freedom might become unduly restrained in a system where she would be faced with numerous partners or provinces, all Anglo-Saxon, instead of having to face an English majority limited to Ontario. It so happened that the Liberals came to power on a wave of profound and widespread dissatisfaction among the French, precisely because of a perceived restriction of their freedoms during the Riel crisis. Hence, the eager look of the people of Quebec towards their own capital as a source of protection against federal encroachment to what they regarded as their legitimate rights. This feeling was reinforced regularly for a period of fifty years as a result first of the Manitoba school question, then the Alberta and Saskatchewan school question, the Keewatin school problem and last but by no means least the Ontario school crisis which this time concerned French schools only. On top of that, came the 1917 conscription to which can be traced the origin of the « modern » separatist movement. During most of that time, the Liberals were in power (1897-1936) and it is no wonder that Quebec gradually became the ever present champion of provincial rights. When Duplessis defeated the Liberals, the trend was so well established that it transcended party lines. Later, the pressure exercised gradually by the separatist movement and the increasing desire of Quebeckers to have more freedom and be masters in their own house led to the Quiet Revolution whose leaders finally asked for a special status. If polls are any indication, it is towards this last approach that a majority of Quebeckers are looking to solve the constitutional question. On the other hand, the right of peoples to self-determination has acquired a wide measure of international recognition since Durham's report which is a far cry from Professor Brossard's recent « report » on the subject as it applies to Quebec, written under the aegis of the Centre de recherche en Droit public of the law faculty of the Université de Montréal. As things now stand, the next step in the determination of Quebec's right to self-government is in the hands of Quebeckers at the forthcoming referendum.
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40

Blais, C., and L. Rochette. "Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality of diagnosed and silent coronary heart disease in Quebec." Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada 35, no. 10 (December 2015): 184–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.35.10.02.

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Introduction Of all cardiovascular causes of mortality, coronary heart disease (CHD) remains the leading cause of death. Our objectives were to establish trends in the prevalence and incidence of CHD in the province of Quebec, and to determine the proportion of CHD mortality that had no previous CHD diagnosis. Methods Trends in prevalence, incidence and mortality were examined with a population-based study using the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System, which links several health administrative databases. Data are presented using two case definitions for Quebecers aged 20 years and over: 1) a validated definition, and 2) CHD causes of death codes added to estimate the proportion of deaths that occurred without any previous CHD diagnosis as a proxy for sudden cardiac death (SCD). Results In 2012/2013, the crude prevalence of CHD was 9.4% with the first definition (593 000 people). Between 2000/2001 and 2012/2013, the age-standardized prevalence increased by 14%, although it has been decreasing slightly since 2009/2010. Agestandardized incidence and mortality rates decreased by 46% and 26% respectively, and represented a crude rate of 6.9 per 1000 and 5.2% in 2012/2013. The proportion identified only by CHD mortality, our SCD proxy, was only significant for the incident cases (0.38 per 1000 in 2009/2010) and declined over the study period. Conclusion The prevalence of CHD has tended to decrease in recent years, and incidence and mortality have been declining in Quebec. Most CHD mortality occurs in previously diagnosed patients and only a small proportion of incident cases were not previously identified.
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41

Sedigh, Golnaz, Rose Anne Devlin, and Gilles Grenier. "Are Quebecers More Stressed Out at Work than Others? An Investigation into the Differences between Quebec and the Rest of Canada in Level of Work Stress." Canadian Public Policy 43, no. 3 (September 2017): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2016-068.

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42

Bougie, Evelyne, Esther Usborne, Roxane de la Sablonnière, and Donald M. Taylor. "The cultural narratives of Francophone and Anglophone Quebecers: Using a historical perspective to explore the relationships among collective relative deprivation, in-group entitativity, and collective esteem." British Journal of Social Psychology 50, no. 4 (April 7, 2011): 726–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1348/014466610x526018.

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43

Bellehumeur, Christian R., Francine Tougas, Joelle Laplante, and Martine Lagacé. "The Influence of Ingroup Contact and Collective Memory on the Social Identity of a Minority Group: The Case of Quebecers Living in a Predominantly English Speaking Country." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Sciences: Annual Review 4, no. 10 (2009): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/1833-1882/cgp/v04i10/53008.

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44

Haglund, David G., and Stéphane Roussel. "From Parkman to Pearson: Historical context and the transformation of Quebec’s strategic culture." International Journal: Canada's Journal of Global Policy Analysis 75, no. 4 (December 2020): 563–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020702020979297.

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“Strategic culture” is one of those conceptual bridges that link history with political science because, among other reasons, it reminds us of the hold that memories of past events can continue to exercise upon contemporary reality. But those memories are always subjective, sometimes downplayed to the point of nearly being forgotten altogether, at other times so overstated as to yield a highly distorted sense of the past and of its relationship to the present. This article constitutes a revisitation of contemporary Quebec strategic culture, from the perspective of historical memory. That strategic culture has of late been so strongly stamped with the impress of a “Pearsonian internationalism” that it becomes easy for analysts to confuse it with “pacifism.” Yet it has also been a strategic culture that stems from a great deal of historical amnesia. What has been effaced from the collective memory is the long period in which war was endemic in New France—the period that gives the lie to the notion of Quebeckers somehow being a “pacifistic” folk. This was the sanguinary era upon which the historian Francis Parkman focused such a large share of his prodigious intellectual energies. Only the closing act of this era seems to have escaped erasure from Quebec’s collective memory. Indeed, that act, which took place on the Plains of Abraham, has been “remembered” only too well. So well has it been recollected, in fact, that it has fostered within Quebec society the unshakable conviction that, for Quebeckers, war must always be a risky undertaking susceptible of leading to catastrophe.
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45

Prager, Joel. "“Seek Ye First the Economic Kingdom!” In Search of a Rational Choice Interpretation of Quebec Nationalism." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 22 (1996): 549–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1997.10716827.

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In Eastern Europe, when someone dies, the custom is to drape mirrors in the house with black muslin or a dark sheet. According to folklorists, this is done so that the deceased, who is believed to wander through his or her house for nine days saying goodbye to friends and family, will not be frightened when he or she cannot find his or her reflection in the mirror. While it is easy to scoff at such superstitious customs, there is much to learn from them. The draping of the mirrors is a vivid metaphor, but it is also useful when it comes to making a counterintuitive point: namely, little systematic attention has been paid to the role of economic preferences, markets, and the pace of development in shaping Quebec's nationalist objectives and strategy. And it is this failure to comprehend the impact that economics, from a microscopic and macroscopic level, has had on ‘nation-building’ and, more concretely, on the October 30th referendum (where in answer to the question “Do you agree that Quebec should become sovereign, after having made a formal offer to Canada for a new Economic and Political Partnership, within the scope of the Bill respecting the future of Quebec and of the agreement signed on June 12, 1995?”, 49.5 percent of Quebeckers voted ‘Yes’) that is tantamount to a ‘draping of the mirrors,’ of providing an incomplete explanation about the bases of Quebec's nationalism.
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46

Hwang, Monica, Robert Andersen, and Edward Grabb. "Voluntary Association Activity in Quebec and English Canada: Assessing the Effects of Region and Language." Canadian Journal of Political Science 40, no. 1 (March 2007): 209–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423907070011.

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Abstract.This paper presents the first multivariate analysis of the combined effects of region and language on voluntary association membership in Canada. National survey data from 2000 indicate that Quebecers have the lowest average number of memberships, with Western Canadians highest and Atlantic and Ontario residents in between. Preliminary results also confirm that francophones report fewer memberships than anglophones. Findings from Poisson regression models, however, indicate a significant interaction between region and language: francophones have lower membership levels only in Quebec, and in Western Canada have higher levels than anglophones or allophones. These results hold even with controls for a number of possible explanatory factors suggested in the literature, including religious and socioeconomic differences across the regions and language groups. The implications for understanding patterns of voluntary association activity in Canada are discussed.Résumé.Cet article présente la première analyse multivariable des effets combinés de la région et de la langue sur l'adhésion d'aux associations volontaires au Canada. Les données nationales de 2000 indiquent que les Québécois ont le plus bas nombre moyen d'adhésions, avec les Canadiens de l'Ouest plus hauts et des résidants de la région atlantique et de l'Ontario entre les deux. Les résultats préliminaires confirment que les francophones ont moins d'adhésions que les anglophones. Les résultats indiquent une interaction significative entre la région et la langue: les francophones ont moins d'adhésion seulement au Québec; dans le Canada de l'Ouest les francophones ont plus d'adhésion que les anglophones et les allophones. Ces résultats se tiennent même avec contrôle d'un certain nombre de facteurs explicatifs possibles suggérés dans la littérature, y compris des différences religieuses et socio-économiques à travers les régions et les groupes linguistic. Nous discutons les implications quant aux modèles d'association volontaire au Canada.
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47

Blais, C., S. Jean, C. Sirois, L. Rochette, C. Plante, I. Larocque, M. Doucet, et al. "Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS), an innovative approach." Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, no. 4 (November 2014): 226–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.4.06.

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Introduction With the growing burden of chronic diseases, surveillance will play an essential role in improving their prevention and control. The Institut national de santé publique du Québec has developed an innovative chronic disease surveillance system, the Quebec Integrated Chronic Disease Surveillance System (QICDSS). We discuss the primary features, strengths and limitations of this system in this report. Methodology The QICDSS was created by linking five health administrative databases. Updated annually, it currently covers the period from January 1, 1996, to March 31, 2012. The operational model comprises three steps: (1) extraction and linkage of health administrative data according to specific selection criteria; (2) analysis (validation of case definitions essentially) and production of surveillance measures; and (3) data interpretation, submission and dissemination of information. The QICDSS allows the surveillance of the following chronic diseases: diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, osteoporosis, osteoarticular diseases, mental disorders, Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. The system also lends itself to the analysis of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Results For 2011–2012, the QICDSS contained information on 7 995 963 Quebecers with an average age of 40.8 years. Of these, 95.3% met at least one selection criterion allowing the application of case definitions for chronic disease surveillance. The actual proportion varied with age, from 90.1% for those aged 19 years or less to 99.3% for those aged 65 years or over. Conclusion The QICDSS provides a way of producing population-based data on the chronic disease burden, health services and prescription drug uses. The system facilitates the integrated study of several diseases in combination, an approach rarely implemented until now in the context of population surveillance. The QICDSS possesses all the essential features of a surveillance system and supports the dissemination of information to public health decision-makers for future actions.
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48

Hamadeh, Abdullah, Zeny Feng, Jessmyn Niergarth, and William WL Wong. "Estimation of COVID-19 Period Prevalence and the Undiagnosed Population in Canadian Provinces: Model-Based Analysis." JMIR Public Health and Surveillance 7, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): e26409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/26409.

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Background The development of a successful COVID-19 control strategy requires a thorough understanding of the trends in geographic and demographic distributions of disease burden. In terms of the estimation of the population prevalence, this includes the crucial process of unravelling the number of patients who remain undiagnosed. Objective This study estimates the period prevalence of COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020, and the proportion of the infected population that remained undiagnosed in the Canadian provinces of Quebec, Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia. Methods A model-based mathematical framework based on a disease progression and transmission model was developed to estimate the historical prevalence of COVID-19 using provincial-level statistics reporting seroprevalence, diagnoses, and deaths resulting from COVID-19. The framework was applied to three different age cohorts (< 30; 30-69; and ≥70 years) in each of the provinces studied. Results The estimates of COVID-19 period prevalence between March 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020, were 4.73% (95% CI 4.42%-4.99%) for Quebec, 2.88% (95% CI 2.75%-3.02%) for Ontario, 3.27% (95% CI 2.72%-3.70%) for Alberta, and 2.95% (95% CI 2.77%-3.15%) for British Columbia. Among the cohorts considered in this study, the estimated total number of infections ranged from 2-fold the number of diagnoses (among Quebecers, aged ≥70 years: 26,476/53,549, 49.44%) to 6-fold the number of diagnoses (among British Columbians aged ≥70 years: 3108/18,147, 17.12%). Conclusions Our estimates indicate that a high proportion of the population infected between March 1 and November 30, 2020, remained undiagnosed. Knowledge of COVID-19 period prevalence and the undiagnosed population can provide vital evidence that policy makers can consider when planning COVID-19 control interventions and vaccination programs.
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Levasseur, Mélanie, Marie-France Dubois, Johanne Filliatrault, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Joanie Lacasse-Bédard, André Tourigny, Marie-Josée Levert, et al. "Effect of personalised citizen assistance for social participation (APIC) on older adults’ health and social participation: study protocol for a pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT)." BMJ Open 8, no. 3 (March 2018): e018676. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018676.

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IntroductionThe challenges of global ageing and the growing burden of chronic diseases require innovative interventions acting on health determinants like social participation. Many older adults do not have equitable opportunities to achieve full social participation, and interventions might underempower their personal and environmental resources and only reach a minority. To optimise current practices, theAccompagnement-citoyen Personnalisé d’Intégration Communautaire(APIC), an intervention demonstrated as being feasible and having positive impacts, needs further evaluation.Methods and analysisA pragmatic multicentre, prospective, two-armed, randomised controlled trial will evaluate: (1) the short-term and long-term effects of the APIC on older adults’ health, social participation, life satisfaction and healthcare services utilisation and (2) its cost-effectiveness. A total of 376 participants restricted in at least one instrumental activity of daily living and living in three large cities in the province of Quebec, Canada, will be randomly assigned to the experimental or control group using a centralised computer-generated random number sequence procedure. The experimental group will receive weekly 3-hour personalised stimulation sessions given by a trained volunteer over the first 12 months. Sessions will encourage empowerment, gradual mobilisation of personal and environmental resources and community integration. The control group will receive the publicly funded universal healthcare services available to all Quebecers. Over 2 years (baseline and 12, 18 and 24 months later), self-administered questionnaires will assess physical and mental health (primary outcome; version 2 of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey, converted to SF-6D utility scores for quality-adjusted life years), social participation (Social Participation Scale) and life satisfaction (Life Satisfaction Index-Z). Healthcare services utilisation will be recorded and costs of each intervention calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe Research Ethics Committee of theCIUSSS Estrie – CHUShas approved the study (MP-31-2018-2424). An informed consent form will be read and signed by all study participants. Findings will be published and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberNCT03161860; Pre-results.
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50

Kaell, Hillary. "Religious Heritage and Nation in Post-Vatican II Catholicism: A View from Quebec." Religions 12, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12040259.

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With Quebec’s croix de chemin (wayside crosses) as a jumping off point, I explore the importance of heritage creation as the province transitioned away from pre-Vatican II Catholicism in the 1960s and 1970s. I include two ‘sites of memory’: fieldwork with contemporary cross caretakers and archival materials from a major government-funded inventory of the crosses in the 1970s. Heritage professionals have generally implied that Catholic objects lose their sacred meaning to become objects of nation-building, while caretakers view them as still-active objects of devotional labour. Regardless, I find that both parties view themselves as laying claim to “modern” ways of interacting with religious objects, while also assuming that a cohesive national identity rests in part on promoting a rural Catholic past. More broadly, I argue that neither side can be fully understood without attention to the convergence of three trends in the 1960s and 1970s: Quebecois and other emergent nationalisms, Catholic liberalization, and the rise of an international heritage industry.
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