Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Queimados'
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Faria, Sílvia Regina Marques. "Repelência à água em solos florestais queimados e não queimados na região Centro." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/687.
Full textA repelência à água do solo é um fenómeno que ocorre de forma natural em muitos solos, mas pode ser induzida ou favorecida pelo aquecimento do solo durante um incêndio. A repelência considera-se uma das principais causas do aumento do escoamento superficial e erosão do solo acelerada em áreas recentemente queimadas. Neste trabalho, enquadrado no projecto EROSFIRE-II (financiado pela Fundação de Ciência e Tecnologia; PTDC/AGR-CFL/70968/2006) analisam-se os efeitos de um incêndio florestal ocorrido em Agosto de 2008 na localidade do Colmeal (município de Góis na região centro de Portugal) sobre a repelência à água do solo, a fim de conhecer a sua variabilidade espacial e temporal em quatro locais de estudo com dois tipos de solo, isto é eucaliptal e pinhal. A área queimada tem uma área aproximada de 70 ha. Dentro desta área seleccionou-se duas encostas, ambas com a mesma geologia (xistos) mas com diferentes povoamentos florestais, isto é pinheiro bravo (Pinus pinaster e eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus). Seleccionou-se ainda duas encostas imediatamente fora da área ardida com os mesmos tipos de floresta como base de comparação para determinar o efeito do incêndio. Aproximadamente dois meses após o incêndio iniciou-se a medição da repelência à água da camada superficial do solo (0-5 cm) no campo, bem como a recolha de amostras da mesma camada para análise posterior no laboratório. Durante 10 meses realizou-se uma monitorização mensal da repelência, medida em campo e no laboratório pelo método MED “Molarity Ethanol Drop” (King, 1981) e da humidade do solo. Para além, destas foram também determinadas a textura do solo (para as amostras recolhidas no primeiro mês de monitorização), o conteúdo de matéria orgânica (todas as amostras recolhidas) e a caracterização das substâncias húmicas da matéria orgânica em duas épocas diferentes (época seca e época húmida) através de espectroscopia Ultravioleta-Visível e Fluorescência Molecular. Os resultados mostram uma maior severidade de repelência nos solos queimadas do que nos não queimados, tanto no pinhal como no eucaliptal. Este aumento aparente depois do incêndio foi mais evidente no pinhal, o que pode indicar uma maior intensidade do fogo. Verificou-se uma relação negativa entre repelência à água e a humidade dos solos, sendo esta mais elevada nos solos não queimados. Relativamente à variação temporal da repelência os resultados mostram que ambos os locais em estudo revelam uma variação sazonal. A repelência dos solos diminui nos meses de Inverno devido ao maior teor de humidade no solo. Durante a primavera a repelência à água reaparece e atinge valores extremos. No que se refere ao conteúdo de matéria orgânica não foi verificada nenhuma relação com a repelência à água dos solos. No entanto, da caracterização das substâncias húmicas da matéria orgânica o pinhal queimado foi o que apresentou maior massa molecular e maior condensação aromática, o que confirma os valores de repelência obtidos para este solo. Contudo, a utilização de ambas as técnicas de espectroscopia mostram-se insuficientes para fazer a caracterização estrutural da matéria orgânica. Por fim, verificou-se que a máxima repelência atingida pelos solos pode ser conseguida pela medição de amostras secas ao ar.
Simões, Lara Rute Nunes Vilar. "Infecção fúngica em doentes queimados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7690.
Full textA incidência das infecções fúngicas tem vindo a aumentar progressivamente nas duas últimas décadas. Na Unidade de Queimados o doente está mais susceptível ao desenvolvimento de processos infecciosos por perda da barreira de protecção cutânea, pela imunossupressão associada à queimadura, bem como pela necessidade de utilização de dispositivos invasivos e pela presença da microbiota local. As leveduras do género Candida, nomeadamente C. albicans, continuam a ser responsáveis pela maioria das infecções fúngicas em ambientes hospitalares, embora na última década se tenha assistido a um aumento da incidência de espécies não-albicans e de fungos filamentosos. O desenvolvimento de fármacos antifúngicos é complicado, uma vez que as células fúngicas, opostamente às células bacterianas, e à semelhança das humanas, são eucarióticas, o que pode levantar problemas relacionados com a sua toxicidade potencial. Este estudo teve como objectivo analisar a importância da infecção fúngica nos doentes queimados na Unidade de Queimados, dos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra. As leveduras do género Candida foram os fungos mais frequentemente isolados com a espécie Candida albicans, presente em 65% dos doentes infectados. Das espécies não-albicans, Candida parapsilosis e Candida tropicalis foram as mais frequentes (15% e 9%, respectivamente). Para além de Candida, o segundo fungo mais comum foi o género Trichosporon (4,4%) seguido do género Aspergillus (2%). Durante o período de estudo observou-se um aumento na frequência da infecção fúngica, que esteve associada a uma taxa de mortalidade de cerca de 38% nos doentes infectados. Queimaduras profundas, queimaduras causadas pelo fogo e internamento hospitalar prolongado contribuíram para um maior risco de infecção por fungos nos doentes queimados. A infecção fúngica ocorreu maioritariamente em doentes do sexo masculino (54,7%), afectando mais frequentemente a classe etária dos 71-90 anos. A incidência crescente de infecção fúngica nos doentes queimados e a presença relativamente frequente dos fungos emergentes, Trichosporon e Aspergillus, indicam que o controlo da infecção nos doentes queimados é fundamental.
The incidence of fungal infections has increased steadily in the last two decades. In the Burn Unit, the patient is more susceptible to infectious processes due to the loss of the protective barrier of the skin, to the immunossuppression associated with burns, to the need for use of invasive devices and to the increased virulence of the local microbiota. The yeasts of Candida, namely C. albicans, remain responsible for the majority of fungal infections in hospitals, although in the last decade has witnessed an increased incidence of non-albicans species and filamentous fungi. The development of antifungal drugs is complex, since the fungal cells, unlike the bacteria and like the human cells, are eukaryotic, what may raise some concern related to its potential toxicity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the importance of fungal infection in the patients of the Burns Unit of Coimbra University Hospitals. Yeasts of the genus Candida were the most frequently isolated fungi, with the species Candida albicans, present in 65% of the infected patients. Of non-albicans species, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis were the most frequent ones (15 and 9%, respectively). The genus Trichosporon (4,4%) was the second most common fungus isolated in these patients followed by the genus Aspergillus (2%). During the study period there was an increased frequency of fungal infection that was associated with a mortality rate of 38%. The depth of the burn, burns caused by fire, and a prolonged stay in the hospital contributed to an increased risk of fungal infections in burned patients. The fungal infection occurred mostly in male patients (54,7%), affecting more frequently the age group of 71-90 years. The increasing incidence of fungal infection in burned patients and the relatively frequent presence of emerging Trichosporon and Aspergillus fungi, indicating that control of infection in burned patient is essential.
Rodrigues, Ana Sofia Fernandes. "Relatório de estágio na unidade de queimados." Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/50110.
Full textRodrigues, Ana Sofia Fernandes. "Relatório de estágio na unidade de queimados." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/50110.
Full textToledo, Paula Nunes. "Atuação fonoaudiológica em pacientes queimados: uma proposta clínica." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2001. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/11948.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This work intends to approach the performance of spech technical specialist oral moving in 20 burned patients of face and neck, of the Bumed Clinic and Reparative Surgery of the Municipal Hospital Dr. Carmino Caricchio, with segment in the national health c1inic of specialties. We developed a study capable to cover the field of action speech therapeutic, for this, we already left of the roads traveled by the medicine, for the -':., physiotherapy and for the occupational therapy. , We verified the course of speech technical specialist oral moving and we based this research on the observation ofthe alterations ofthe functions ofthe oral system and of the component structures of this system, caused by the sequels of the bum. The patients were appraised and the techniques developed in the therapeutic process and applied the individuaIs of this research, for 3 months, they are good to demonstrate the contribution that Fonoaudiologia renders in the bumed patients' of face rehabilitation and neck
Este trabalho pretende abordar a atuação fonoaudiológica em 20 pacientes queimados de face e pescoço, da Clinica de Queimados e Cirurgia Reparadora do Hospital Municipal Dr. Carmino Caricchio, com segmento no ambulatório de especialidades. Desenvolvemos um estudo capaz de cobrir o campo de ação terapêutica fonoaudiológica e, para isto, partimos dos caminhos já percorridos pela medicina, pela fisioterapia e pela terapia ocupacional. Verificamos o percurso da Fonoaudiologia em motricidade oral e baseamos esta pesquisa na observação das alterações das funções do sistema estomatognático e das estruturas componentes deste sistema, causadas, pelas sequelas da queimadura. Os pacientes foram avaliados e as técnicas desenvolvidas no processo terapêutico e aplicadas aos indivíduos desta pesquisa, durante 3 meses, servem para demonstrar a contribuição que a Fonoaudiologia presta na reabilitação de pacientes queimados de face e pescoço
Porto, Elaine do Nascimento Nobre. "Gestão de recursos hídricos no município de Queimados: subsídios para um diagnóstico sócio-ambiental das sub-bacias Poços e Queimados-RJ." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1409.
Full textThe transformation in the geographic field allows modifications in the environment, contributing to the degradation of considerable parts of the Hydro Resources, and, as a result, an environmental changing in different scenarios. The management of hydro resources has patterns, objectives and goals to be accomplished, based on technical aspects, juridical norms, plans and programs which reveal a set of intentions, decisions, and recommendations from the governmental participants and from society as well. Besides the political and social importance of the water as resource, the management of hydro resources adds values and empowers our country in the international scenario when dealing with issues related to the environment. The social-environmental diagnosis of an under-basin, for instance, is a relevant instrument of strategic management, helping the monitoring, demonstrating aspects of the field, qualifying relevant indicators below the social-economical and environmental prism, providing an entire view of the social-environmental conditions of a specific working universe. The under-basins Poços / Queimados dry an area of 177,70 km2, being totally integrated to the hydrographic basin of Guandu, which are part of the Hydrographic Region II, contributing to the Sepetiba Bay, presenting relevant characteristics about the management of hydro resources, since it deals with polluter basins, which evidences the need of actions that mitigate all over the region. The elaboration of the socio-environmental diagnosis of the under-basins of the Poços and Queimados rivers in the Queimados town in the state of Rio de Janeiro, having as fundamental data the use of social-environmental indicators, done from the analyses of data / information from IBGE and CIDE in the scales of analyses of the town and the under-basins. Bibliographic researches involving the review of the literature about the management of hydro-resources, historic, social-economical aspects and the main public politics of the Queimados town were done based on searches on the World Wide Web and in Federal, Estate and Town Institution, and in college libraries. Visits to the Urbanism and Environment Secretary, as well as to the Rural Development and Agricultural ones in Queimados and Comitê Guandu were done, as well as the monitoring of the acts of the participants in the activities of hydro resources. Based on the modeling and implementation of the Basis and the Data from Queimados the programs Arc View 3.2 and 9.0 were utilized (developed by the Environmental System Research Institute ESRI), as well as the digital file from the 2000/IBGE Census (Territorial paths county and variable sectors). The assessment of the potential of the town about the issue related to the hydro-resources made by the governmental and social participants was realized through the analyses of the Plan of the Bay of the Guandu and Plan of the Town and of the interest of the civilians about the under-basins. Regarding the observed characteristics, and based on the data and the analyzed documents, it is concluded that the Town of Queimados participates on the patters of the Strategic Plan of Hydro-Resources valid by its Directive Plan through politics that reach the regional integration, allowing measures that foster improvement in the quality of life of the population of the under-basins Poços / Queimados and, as a consequence, of the entire population fueled by the water originated from the basin of the river Guandu, proving that the consolidation of the process of Integrated Management of Hydro Resources is possible with the integration of the society, the government and the users, since these seek for a unique objective.
Figueiredo, Sara Costa. "Análise da infecção e resistência bacteriana em doentes queimados." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7391.
Full textAs queimaduras são um local ideal para a multiplicação bacteriana, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de infecções. As infecções bacterianas são a principal causa de morte entre os doentes queimados. É por isso importante que haja uma vigilância contínua tanto dos isolados bacterianos como dos padrões de resistência aos antibióticos numa Unidade de Queimados. O principal objectivo deste trabalho foi identificar as principais espécies bacterianas implicadas na infecção dos doentes queimados da Unidade de Queimados dos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra entre Janeiro de 2000 e Dezembro de 2009 e avaliar os perfis de resistência bacteriana aos antibióticos. Verificou-se que dos 1729 doentes admitidos na Unidade de Queimados durante o período de estudo, 31,9% desenvolveram infecção bacteriana. A percentagem de mortalidade dos doentes infectados (28,6%) foi superior à dos doentes que não desenvolveram infecção (9,4%). Staphylococcus aureus foi a espécie mais frequentemente encontrada (17,0%), seguida por Staphylococcus epidermidis (15,3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10,3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (9,8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7,4%), Escherichia coli (5,5%), Enterobacter spp. (5,0%), Enterococcus faecalis (5,0%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3,0%), Proteus mirabilis (3,0%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2,4%), Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (2,4%), Enterococcus faecium (2,2%), Burkholderia cepacia (1,6%) e Serratia marcescens (1,5%). A profundidade e extensão da queimadura, a causa da queimadura, o tempo de internamento e a idade são características do doente queimado que influenciam o desenvolvimento de infecção. Os doentes infectados sofreram queimaduras mais graves (47,3% sofreram queimaduras do 2º e 3º grau) e com uma maior área de superfície corporal queimada (21,2%). Os doentes infectados apresentaram uma maior média de dias de internamento (24,9 dias) que os doentes não infectados (11,4 dias). Cerca de 62% dos doentes infectados foram queimados por fogo. A idade média dos doentes infectados foi de 56,5 anos, mas a idade média do total dos doentes (infectados e não infectados) foi de 49,2 anos. A maioria dos isolados bacterianos mostrou resistência aos antibióticos testados (35,8% dos isolados apresentaram resistência) e a percentagem de isolados resistentes aumentou ao longo do período de estudo. No entanto, os glicopeptídeos foram eficazes contra todas as bactérias Gram positivas e o meropenemo foi eficaz contra as Gram negativas com excepção das bactérias Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii que apresentaram valores elevados de resistência aos antibióticos testados. A infecção bacteriana é uma causa importante de mortalidade em doentes queimados e as bactérias implicadas na infecção são resistentes aos antibióticos mais utilizados no tratamento destes doentes.
Burns are an ideal place for bacterial growth, allowing the development of infections. Bacterial infections are the leading cause of death among burned patients. It is therefore important a continuous monitoring of both bacterial isolates and patterns of antibiotic resistance in a Burn Care Unit. The main objective of this study was to identify the major bacterial species involved in the infection of burned patients admitted to the Burn Unit of the Coimbra University Hospitals between January 2000 and December 2009 and to evaluate the bacterial resistance profiles to antibiotics. It was found that of 1729 patients admitted to the burn unit during the study period, 31.9% developed bacterial infection. The percentage of mortality in infected patients (28,6%) was higher than in patients who did not develop infections (9,4%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly specie founded (17,0%), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (15,3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10,3%), Acinetobacter baumannii (9,8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7,4%), Escherichia coli (5,5%), Enterobacter spp. (5,0%), Enterococcus faecalis (5,0%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (3,0%), Proteus mirabilis (3,0%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2,4%), Staphylococcus coagulase negativa (2,4%), Enterococcus faecium (2,2%), Burkholderia cepacia (1,6%) and Serratia marcescens (1,5%). The depth and burn extent, the burn cause, the length of hospital stay and the age are burned patients characteristics that influence the development of infection. Infected patients suffered more severe burns (47,3% suffered burns of 2nd and 3rd degree) and with a greater burned body surface area (21,2%). Infected patients had higher average hospital days (24,9 days) than uninfected patients (11,4 days). About 62% of infected patients were burned by fire. The average age of infected patients was 56,5 years, but the average age of all patients (infected and uninfected) was 49,2 years. Most bacterial isolates showed resistance to antibiotics tested (35,8% of the isolates were resistant) and the resistant isolate percentage increased over the study period. However, the glycopeptides were effective against all Gram positive bacteria and meropenem was effective against Gram negative bacteria except Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter baumannii that showed high levels of resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial infection is a major cause of mortality in burned patients and involved bacterial infection are resistant to most antibiotics used to treat these patients.
Macedo, Jefferson Lessa Soares de. "Complicações infecciosas e fatores preditivos de infecção em pacientes queimados." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2006. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/3257.
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ANTECEDENTES. Os avanços no tratamento de queimados têm reduzido as taxas de letalidade e melhorado a qualidade de vida das vítimas de queimaduras. Entretanto, as complicações infecciosas continuam sendo um desafio e uma das principais causas de óbito do queimado. Além da extensão da superfície corporal queimada, que acarreta ausência de cobertura cutânea com grande carga de colonização bacteriana, outros fatores favorecem as complicações infecciosas nos queimados: a imunossupressão decorrente da lesão térmica, a possibilidade de translocação bacteriana gastrintestinal e a internação prolongada. Também, o uso de cateteres e tubos, ou seja, os procedimentos invasivos diagnósticos e terapêuticos que acabam alterando as defesas naturais do hospedeiro, favorecem a ocorrência de infecção. OBJETIVO. Investigar as principais complicações infecciosas e os fatores preditivos de infecção em pacientes queimados. MÉTODO. O estudo foi conduzido durante 12 meses, compreendendo 278 pacientes que foram tratados em regime de internação hospitalar na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Regional da Asa Norte, Brasília, DF. As complicações infecciosas dos pacientes tratados na Unidade de Queimados foram registradas prospectivamente de acordo com critérios definidos previamente. As avaliações hematológicas, bioquímicas, microbiológicas e imunológicas foram realizadas pelo menos em intervalos semanais durante a internação desses pacientes. A análise estatística foi feita através do teste t, qui-quadrado e regressão logística. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federal. RESULTADOS. Dos duzentos setenta e oito pacientes incluídos no estudo, 167 (60,1%) foram do gênero masculino. A média de idade foi 24 anos (variação de 1 a 82 anos). A média da superfície corporal queimada foi 14% (variação de 1 a 100%). Cento cinqüenta e dois (54,7%) tiveram queimaduras por chama aberta, 96 (34,5%) por líquidos quentes, 25 (9%) por eletricidade e 5 (1,8%) por agentes químicos. O tempo médio de internação foi 12 dias (variação 1 a 86 dias). Catorze (5,0%) pacientes morreram durante o estudo. Oitenta e seis pacientes tiveram um total de 148 infecções, enquanto 192 não tiveram infecção. Os pacientes com infecção apresentaram queimaduras mais extensas, foram submetidos a mais procedimentos cirúrgicos e permaneceram mais tempo internados na Unidade (p<0,001). Além disso, esses pacientes necessitaram mais freqüentemente de cateteres e transfusões de sangue (p<0,001). Os achados laboratoriais mais comuns dos pacientes que desenvolveram infecção foram anemia, hipoalbuminemia, trombocitopenia e menor média de linfócitos T CD4+ no quinto dia de internação. O isolamento de bactéria multirresistente ou fungo na ferida foi mais freqüente em pacientes com infecção (p<0,001). Cinqüenta e sete (20,5%) pacientes apresentaram 72 episódios de infecção da corrente sangüínea. Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo foi o principal microrganismo causador de infecção da corrente sangüínea, seguido por S. aureus sensível à oxacilina, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Dezoito (6,5%) pacientes desenvolveram pneumonia. Os principais microrganismos causadores de pneumonia foram Pseudomonas aeruginosa e S. aureus resistente à oxacilina. Quarenta e nove (17,6%) pacientes tiveram infecção de ferida, sendo que os microrganismos mais freqüentes causadores dessa infecção foram S. aureus sensível à oxacilina, seguido por Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. Após a análise multivariada, os principais fatores preditivos de infecção em pacientes queimados foram: o tempo de internação, a superfície corporal queimada, o isolamento de fungos na ferida queimada e procedimentos cirúrgicos (desbridamentos e enxertias de pele). CONCLUSÃO. A maioria das infecções foi da corrente sangüínea, seguida por infecção da ferida e pneumonia. Um melhor conhecimento dos fatores preditivos para complicações infecciosas em pacientes queimados permite estimar a probabilidade de infecção usando uma equação de regressão logística. O conhecimento dessa probabilidade poderá facilitar o diagnóstico e o tratamento precoces dessas complicações, com uma terapia sistêmica adequada, contribuindo para reduzir a morbidade e letalidade nesses pacientes. ________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND. Despite advances of the treatment of burns have decreased the letality rate and improved the quality of life of burned patients, infectious complication remain a major cause of death in burn victims. Few patients are as susceptible to the development of infections as burn patients. Severe dysfunction of the immune system, a large cutaneous colonization, the possibility of gastrointestinal translocation, a prolonged hospitalization and invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, all contribute to infections. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the principal infectious complications and predictive factors of infection in burned patients. METHOD. Two-hundred and seventy-eight patients consecutively admitted to the Burn Unit of Hospital Regional da Asa Norte during 2004 were included in this prospective study. The patients were followed to discharge or death. Infections in all patients, admitted and treated for burn injury, have been registered prospectively, according to previously defined criteria. All infections were registered, starting at the day of admittance. Any infections manifested during the management of a burn victim are followed carefully. Only burn wound infections already present on admission were excluded. Infections were grouped in three major classes: blood stream infection (BSI), pneumonia and burn wound infection. The diagnosis of infection in burn patients is based on clinical and laboratory parameters. The criteria for infections were mainly based on those given by the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta , USA. Statistical methods used were test t, Chi-square analysis with Yates´correction and logistic regression analysis. This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Secretary of State for Health of Brasília, Federal District. RESULTS. Two-hundred and seventy-eight patients with burn injuries, consecutively admitted to the Burn Unit of Hospital Regional da Asa Norte during 2004, one-hundred and eleven female and 167 male patients were included in the study. Median age for the 278 patients was 24 years (range 1-82). Median total body surface area burn was 14% (range 1-100%). One-hundred and fifty-two (54,7%) patients had flame injuries, 96 (34,5%) were scald injuries, 25 (9%) electrical injuries and 5 (1,8%) chemical injuries. The median length of stay was 12 days (range 1-86 days). Fourteen (5,0%) patients died during their stay in the burns Unit. Eighty-six patients had in total 148 infections, whereas 192 patients were not infected. Patients with infection were older, had larger burns, were submitted to more procedures such as skin grafting and stayed longer in the Unit (p<0,001). Furthermore, infected patients needed more frequently catheters and transfusion (p<0,001). The most common laboratory findings of the infected patients were anemia, hypoalbuminemia, thrombocytopenia and lower median number of CD4+ T lymphocytes on fifth day of stay. The isolation of multiresistant bacteria or fungi in the wound were more likely in infected patients (p<0,001). Fifty-seven patients had 72 episodes of bloodstream infection (BSI). Coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common microorganisms causing BSI, and next in frequency were oxacillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eighteen (6,5%) patients developed pneumonia. The most common microorganisms causing pneumonia were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Forty-nine (17,6%) patients had burn wound infections. The most frequent organism causing wound infection was oxacillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and next in frequency were Coagulase-negative staphylococci. After multivaried analysis, the most suitable predictive factors of infection in burned patients were total body surface area burn, length of stay, isolation of fungi on culture from swabs of burn wounds and surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS. The majority of infections were bloodstream infections, followed by wound infections and pneumonia. The appropriate knowledge of predictive factors of infectious complications in burned patients permit estimate the probability of infection using the logistic regression equation. The use of this equation may provide better guidance for the diagnostic and therapeutic handling of these complications in burned patients.
Kaizer, Uiara Aline de Oliveira 1984. "Propriedades psicométricas do "Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound" em queimados." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/283873.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem
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Resumo: Para a mensuração da qualidade de vida utilizam-se instrumentos de medida genéricos ou específicos. O Freiburg Life Quality Assessment ¿ Wound (FLQA-wk) é um questionário específico que analisa a qualidade de vida de pessoas com feridas, sendo composto por vinte e quatro itens e seis domínios: sintomas físicos, vida diária, vida social, bem-estar psicológico, tratamento e satisfação. Para a utilização de instrumentos de medida de forma válida e confiável esses instrumentos devem ser avaliados em relação às suas propriedades psicométricas. Estudos sobre a avaliação psicométrica de instrumentos de avalição de feridas no Brasil são escassos. Dessa forma, o objetivo dessa pesquisa foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas do Freiburg Life Quality Assessment- wound (FLQA-wk) em pacientes queimados. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da entrevista a 100 sujeitos queimados de um Hospital de Referência do interior de São Paulo. A confiabilidade foi verificada por meio da consistência interna utilizando-se o alfa de Cronbach. A validade de constructo foi analisada pela validade convergente, correlacionando os resultados do instrumento com o Burns Specific Health Scale-Revised (BSHS-R), com o Instrumento abreviado de avaliação da qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-abreviado) e com a pontuação da escala visual analógica do Estado de Saúde e Qualidade de vida do FLQA-wk. A responsividade foi analisada comparando-se os resultados do escore total e as três escalas visuais analógicas do FLQA-wk considerando-se um intervalo de tempo de uma semana. Foi realizada análise descritiva para traçar o perfil dos participantes. Verificou-se a validade de constructo por meio do Coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e a responsividade por meio do teste da soma de postos sinalizados de Wilcoxon. Os resultados demostraram um alfa de Cronbach de 0,85 indicando alta precisão da medida. As correlações entre o FLQA-wk e os domínios do BHSH-R e do WHOQOL e das suas duas escalas visuais analógicas foram significativas (p < 0,05) e variaram de satisfatória a forte magnitude, sendo a maior parte delas negativas e de forte magnitude (-0,51 a -0,76). A responsividade mostrou-se satisfatória, pois houve mudanças após uma semana de intervenção terapêutica, com evidências de diferença estatisticamente significante. Portanto, o processo de avaliação das propriedades psicométricas do Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound em queimados evidenciou resultados satisfatórios que indicam qualidades psicométricas adequadas do questionário, permitindo assim que este possa ser utilizado em estudos de qualidade de vida com pacientes queimados como uma medida de avaliação de intervenções e tratamentos propostos, despertando o pensamento crítico sobre a qualidade da prática dos profissionais de saúde
Abstract: Generic or specific measurement tools are used to measure Quality of life. The "Freiburg Life Quality Assessment ¿ Wound" (FLQA-wk) is a specific questionnaire that evaluates the quality of life of whose people that live with wounds. This questionnaire has 24 items arranged in six domains: symptoms physical, daily life, social life, psychological well-being and treatment satisfaction. Before use a measurement questionnaire, it is important to have the psychometric properties evaluated in order to know if it is valid and reliable. Psychometric evaluation studies about wound assessment questionnaires are rare in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment- wound (FLQA-wk) in burned patients. We interviewed 100 burned patients in a Reference Hospital located in a São Paulo city. The reliability was assessment using the Cronbach¿s alpha to verify internal consistency. Convergent validity was used in order to verify the Construct validity: The results of FLQA-wk were compared with: the Burns Specific Health Scale-Revised (BSHS-R), The short quality of life assessment tool (WHOQOL-bref ) and with the FLQA-wk scale score of visual analogue Health Status and Quality of life. Considering a time interval of one week, we compared the total score results with the three visual analogue scales of FLQA-wk in order to evaluate the responsiveness property. Aiming to identify the subject profiles, we also performed the descriptive analysis. The construct validity was verified by Spearman¿s correlation coefficient and the responsiveness by the sum test of Wilcoxon Signed-Rank. The results showed a 0.85 for Cronbach¿s alpha which indicates high measurement accuracy. The correlations between FLQA-wk, BSHS-R, WHOQOL-bref and the two analogue scales were significant (p<0.05). They ranged from satisfactory up to strong magnitude. The most of them coefficiants negative and was strong (-0.51 to -0.76). The responsiveness property was satisfactory. There were statistically significant differences between the first and the second interview. It was expected since there were changes after a week of therapeutic intervention. Therefore, the psychometric properties evaluation process of the Freiburg Life Quality Assessment Wound among burned people showed satisfactory results. This indicates that this questionnaire is adequate and that it can be used in studies that evaluate quality of life of burned out patients. It can be a measurement tool to evaluate interventions and proposed treatments in order to arouse critical thinking about quality practices of the health professionals
Mestrado
Enfermagem e Trabalho
Mestra em Ciências da Saúde
Sousa, Alessandra Lucia de [UNESP]. "Compreendendo a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96455.
Full textO objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados do interior paulista, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema apresentado, para subsidiar os profissionais que trabalham na referida unidade, melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida aos pacientes, bem como subsidiar e do ensino na área. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e transversal, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas 27 entrevistas não diretivas e áudio gravadas, junto à equipe multiprofissional da unidade de tratamento de queimaduras (UTQ) do Hospital Estadual de Bauru, tendo como pergunta norteadora: Como tem sido a sua experiência trabalhando em uma unidade de queimados? A abordagem metodológica foi a de organização dos dados, baseada na Análise de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os dados obtidos geraram 21 ideias centrais no total, e destas, oito foram semelhantes para todos os entrevistados e 13 diferentes. Na análise dos discursos, pôde-se perceber a diversidade de sentimentos que afloram nos profissionais, desde a satisfação em trabalhar com esta clientela até sentimentos de pesar, incapacidade, fragilidade emocional, necessidade de suporte psicológico; bem como aspectos relacionados ao tratamento em si do queimado, como a importância do controle da dor. Compreendeu que a equipe de enfermagem é mais vulnerável à sobrecarga emocional gerada, quando comparada com as demais categorias profissionais. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o controle da dor, principalmente na realização dos procedimentos inerentes ao tratamento. Diante disso, se destaca a importância de se oferecer aos membros da equipe multiprofissional o apoio necessário, para que o trabalho gere menos estresse e angústia e ressalta-se o uso correto do protocolo, que poderá contribuir para amenizar o sofrimento de ambos, equipe e pacientes, mas principalmente para estes últimos
The objective of this study was to understand the experience of the multidisciplinary team in a burns unit in the state of São Paulo, in order to increase the knowledge on the subject presented to support professionals working in the unit, improving the quality of care offered to patients as well as subsidize the education in the area. It is a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional, qualitative approach. 27 interviews were conducted with the non-directive taped together with the team of the multidisciplinary treatment unit burns (burn care unit), Bauru State Hospital, with the guiding question: How has been your experience working in a burn unit? The methodological approach was to organize the data based on analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), 21 central ideas being generated in total and of these, eight were similar for all respondents and 13 different In a speech analysis it was possible to perceive the range of feelings that arose in professional satisfaction from working with these clients to feelings of grief, disability, emotional fragility, the need for psychological support, as well as aspects related to the treatment itself burned, the importance of pain control He realized that the nursing staff is more vulnerable to emotional overload generated when compared with the other professional categories. Another aspect to be highlighted is the control of pain, especially in procedures relating to treatment Therefore, we highlight the importance of providing members of the multidisciplinary team support needed to manage the job less stress and anxiety and it emphasizes the correct use of the protocol to help alleviate the suffering of both staff and patients but mainly for the latter
Sousa, Alessandra Lucia de. "Compreendendo a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96455.
Full textCoorientador: Silvia Cristina Mangini
Banca: Magda Cristina Q. Dell Acqua
Banca: Lídia Aparecida Rossi
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados do interior paulista, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema apresentado, para subsidiar os profissionais que trabalham na referida unidade, melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida aos pacientes, bem como subsidiar e do ensino na área. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e transversal, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas 27 entrevistas não diretivas e áudio gravadas, junto à equipe multiprofissional da unidade de tratamento de queimaduras (UTQ) do Hospital Estadual de Bauru, tendo como pergunta norteadora: Como tem sido a sua experiência trabalhando em uma unidade de queimados? A abordagem metodológica foi a de organização dos dados, baseada na Análise de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os dados obtidos geraram 21 ideias centrais no total, e destas, oito foram semelhantes para todos os entrevistados e 13 diferentes. Na análise dos discursos, pôde-se perceber a diversidade de sentimentos que afloram nos profissionais, desde a satisfação em trabalhar com esta clientela até sentimentos de pesar, incapacidade, fragilidade emocional, necessidade de suporte psicológico; bem como aspectos relacionados ao tratamento em si do queimado, como a importância do controle da dor. Compreendeu que a equipe de enfermagem é mais vulnerável à sobrecarga emocional gerada, quando comparada com as demais categorias profissionais. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o controle da dor, principalmente na realização dos procedimentos inerentes ao tratamento. Diante disso, se destaca a importância de se oferecer aos membros da equipe multiprofissional o apoio necessário, para que o trabalho gere menos estresse e angústia e ressalta-se o uso correto do protocolo, que poderá contribuir para amenizar o sofrimento de ambos, equipe e pacientes, mas principalmente para estes últimos
Abstract: The objective of this study was to understand the experience of the multidisciplinary team in a burns unit in the state of São Paulo, in order to increase the knowledge on the subject presented to support professionals working in the unit, improving the quality of care offered to patients as well as subsidize the education in the area. It is a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional, qualitative approach. 27 interviews were conducted with the non-directive taped together with the team of the multidisciplinary treatment unit burns (burn care unit), Bauru State Hospital, with the guiding question: How has been your experience working in a burn unit? The methodological approach was to organize the data based on analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), 21 central ideas being generated in total and of these, eight were similar for all respondents and 13 different In a speech analysis it was possible to perceive the range of feelings that arose in professional satisfaction from working with these clients to feelings of grief, disability, emotional fragility, the need for psychological support, as well as aspects related to the treatment itself burned, the importance of pain control He realized that the nursing staff is more vulnerable to emotional overload generated when compared with the other professional categories. Another aspect to be highlighted is the control of pain, especially in procedures relating to treatment Therefore, we highlight the importance of providing members of the multidisciplinary team support needed to manage the job less stress and anxiety and it emphasizes the correct use of the protocol to help alleviate the suffering of both staff and patients but mainly for the latter
Mestre
Amaral, Tiago Manuel Ferreira do. "Garantindo a continuidade dos cuidados de enfermagem à pessoa adulta grande queimada." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/15940.
Full textA definição de Pessoa Adulta Grande Queimada não é linear. A assistência é caracterizada por um elevado grau de complexidade e constitui-se como um desafio para a equipa multidisciplinar, exigindo destes uma competência incontestável espelhada na sua elevada qualificação. De forma a garantir um continuum de cuidados, assegurando a qualidade ao longo do processo assistencial, desde o pré-hospitalar à Unidade de Queimados (UQ), passando pelo Serviço de Urgência, é necessário que todos os seus intervenientes adquiram competências ao nível da abordagem deste tipo de doente e que partilhem a mesma linguagem. Os objetivos do presente relatório são: 1) enquadrar a prática de enfermagem à luz da filosofia da Continuidade de Cuidados e da teoria de Logan-Roper-Tierney; 2) apresentar o caminho percorrido que levou à criação da proposta de documento de registo, assim como a sua validação e futura implementação; 3) apresentar os resultados obtidos através das atividades efetuadas; 4) refletir criticamente na e sobre a prática tendo em conta as competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem Pessoa em Situação Crítica, definidas pela Ordem dos Enfermeiros, e as competências do Mestrado na Área de Especialização em Enfermagem Pessoa em Situação Crítica, definidas pela Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa. Partindo das necessidades identificadas que contribuem para a melhoria dos padrões de qualidade na prestação de cuidados de Enfermagem, foi elaborada uma proposta de documento de “Registo de Continuidade de Cuidados de Enfermagem à Pessoa Adulta Grande Queimada”, através da súmula das aprendizagens adquiridas e das competências desenvolvidas de cuidados especializados à Pessoa Adulta Grande Queimada. Estagiei quatro meses numa UQ de um Centro Hospitalar, em Lisboa, Portugal. Desloquei-me ainda a Sevilha e a Manchester para entrevistar peritos, sendo que nesta última cidade realizei, igualmente, dois cursos na área: Emergency Management of the Severe Burn e Major Incident Medical Management and Support.
Baruffi, Natália Grossi Visoná. "Análise da utilização dos bundles para prevenção de infecções em pacientes queimados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153411.
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Estudo retrospectivo e documental cujo objetivo foi analisar a efetividade do protocolo bundles como ferramenta para prevenção de Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência a Saúde (IRAS) de indivíduos internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Queimaduras (UTIQ) de um hospital terciário do interior paulista. Inicialmente, efetuou-se o levantamento de dados dos prontuários de todos os indivíduos que apresentaram IRAS internados na UTIQ de janeiro de 2008 a dezembro de 2016 e coletadas informações referentes aos que apresentaram infecções abordadas no protocolo bundles, compreendidos como as pneumonias associadas à ventilação mecânica (PAV), Infecção de corrente sanguínea (ICS) por uso de cateter venoso central e infecção do trato urinário (ITU) por uso de sonda vesical de demora, dividida em dois momentos: M1 (2008 a 2010) e M2 (2011 a 2016) pré e pós implantação do protocolo respectivamente. Dos 612 indivíduos admitidos na UTIQ nos dois momentos, 58,4% são do sexo masculino, a média de idade da população do estudo foi de 44,1 ± 15,3 anos. Em relação à área queimada, a média calculada em porcentagem foi de 33 +/- 18,5%, e o grau de queimadura predominante foram os de 2º e 3º graus (61,1%), tendo o fogo como agente causal com maior ocorrência (76,5%). O microrganismo com maior percentual de notificações 91 (36,7%) foi o Acinetobacter baumanii, também relacionados com os casos de PAV e ICS, enquanto que a Candida albicans (8,5%) aparece como o microrganismo mais frequente nos casos de ITU, 267 indivíduos (43,6%) apresentaram IRAS, sendo 49 (55,8%) resultantes de infecções por dispositivos invasivos de longa permanência, 179 (29,2%) evoluíram a óbito, sendo 74 dos óbitos (41,3%) relacionados/causados por infecções. Comparando os dois momentos, não foi observada associação significativa entre os indivíduos que apresentaram infecção hospitalar, o número total de infecções por dispositivos invasivos e os óbitos relacionados/causados por infecções. A incidência de IRAS, não diminuiu após o uso do protocolo, entretanto ao analisar separadamente os tipos de infecção, evidenciou-se que o uso dos bundles mostrou-se efetivo para prevenção de PAV e ICS em queimados.
A retrospective and documentary study aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of the Bundles protocol as a tool for the prevention of Health Care Related Infections (IRAS) of individuals hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit of Burns (UTIQ) of a tertiary hospital in the countryside of São Paulo State. Initially, data were collected from the medical records of all individuals who presented IRAS hospitalized at the ICUQ from January 2008 to December 2016 and it has been collected the information referring to those who presented Bundle-related infections, known as pneumonias associated with mechanical ventilation (PAV), bloodstream infection (ICS) by the use of the central venous catheter and urinary tract infection (UTI) by use of the bladder catheter, divided into two moments: M1 (2008 to 2010) and M2 (2011 to 2016), before and after the implantation of the protocol, respectively. From the 612 individuals admitted in the ICUQ at both moments, 58.4% were males, the mean age of the study population was 44.1 ± 15.3 years old. In relation to the burned area, the mean calculated in percentage was 33 +/- 18.5% and the predominant degree of burn was those of 2º and 3º degrees (61.1%), with fire being the causal agent with the highest occurrence (76.5%). The microorganism with the highest percentage of reports 91 (36,7%) was Acinetobacter baumanii, it also related to cases of PAV and ICS, while Candida albicans (8.5%) appears as the most frequent microorganism in cases of UTI. 267 individuals (43.6%) presented IRAS, of which 49 (55.8%) resulted from invasive device infections. Regarding deaths during the same period, 179 individuals (29.2%) of the total hospitalizations died, of which 74 death (41.3%), was related/caused by infections. Comparing the two moments, no significant association was observed among the individuals who presented hospital infection, the total number of infections by invasive devices and deaths related/caused by infections, that is, the incidence of IRAS, did not decrease after the use of the protocol, but when analyzing the types of infection separately, it was evidenced that the use of Bundles was effective for the prevention of PAV and ICS in burns.
Brito, Maria Eliane Maciel de. "A influência da cultura familiar no cuidado à criança vítima de queimadura." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/1975.
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The knowledge about the cultural and familiar view of accidents with burns in children allow to contribute the creation of strategies that value not only the cure of the sickness, yet conditions of prevention of new accidents with children, but also to promote conditions of dialogue between family and health professionals essential to humanization in Burn Specialized Centers. This study had as objective to understand as the beliefs, values and style of life of the families influence in the care of children victims of burns intern in a Burnt Treatment Center, in Fortaleza, Ceará; and characterize families of burnt children intern from April to August of 2008. It is an ethnographic approach accomplish in a Hospital Institution of Urgency and Emergency, where there is a Burnt Treatment Center in the city of Fortaleza-Ceará from April to August of 2008, which has as key informers the families of burnt children. The whole collect and analysis process was based in ethnonursery proposed by Leininger (1991), to gather the data were made use of Observation-Participation-Reflection pattern (O.P.R.). In the data arrangement and analysis the Ethnonursery was the guide in the following stages: gathering information and documents; to cluster the storage data in the field day book; contextual or standard analysis and identification of main themes, discovery of research, theoretical formulations and warnings. From the ethnographic analysis sprout three cultural rules: 1) The child is very naughty, the families aim the curiosity of the children as the cause of the accident with burns, not knowing the stages of growing and development of the children, blame the infant for the burn. 2) She washed with water and brought to the hospital, the families think that to wash the burn with water is a way to render pleasant the pain of the burn and to forward the child to a hospital, to establish a way to offer a right care after the accident; 3) to watch more out for, it shows the significance to prevent other accidents with burns and to drive away children of the danger, as to take them away of the kitchen. It was perceived that mothers in spite of having their cultural knowledge, they learn a lot during the study, for as they have much uncertainty that day by day was enlightened and made them think about their behavior with their children. Therefore, we conclude that is essential the cultural approach of the professional to take care of children victims of burns and the Health Education must be available as strategies of welcome that consent the family and the child can feel safe
O conhecimento sobre a ótica cultural e familiar dos acidentes com queimaduras em crianças permite contribuir para a criação de estratégias que valorizem não apenas a cura da doença, mas condições de prevenção de novos acidentes com crianças, bem como promover o diálogo entre família e profissionais de saúde essenciais para a humanização em Centros Especializados de Queimaduras. O presente estudo objetivou compreender como as crenças, valores e estilo de vida das famílias influenciam no cuidado de crianças vítimas de queimaduras internadas em um Centro de Tratamento de Queimados e caracterizar famílias de crianças queimadas internadas no período de abril a maio de 2008. É uma pesquisa etnográfica realizada em uma Instituição Hospitalar de Urgência e Emergência, na qual dispõem de um Centro de Tratamento de Queimados em Fortaleza, Ceará, no período de abril a agosto de 2008, que teve como informantes-chaves as famílias de crianças queimadas. Todo o processo de coleta e análise foi embasado na Etnoenfermagem proposto por Leininger (1991), para a coleta de dados foi utilizado o modelo de Observação-participação-reflexão (O.P.R.). Na ordenação e análise dos dados a Etnoenfermagem serviu como norteadora nas seguintes etapas: coleta de descritos e documentos; agrupar os dados armazenados no diário de campo; análise contextual ou padrão e identificação de temas principais; descobertas de pesquisa; formulações teóricas e recomendações. Das análises etnográficas surgiram três domínios culturais: 1) A criança é muito danada as famílias colocam a curiosidade das crianças como a causa do acidente com queimaduras, não conhecendo as fases de crescimento e desenvolvimento dos filhos, culpam o infante pela queimadura; 2) Lavou com água e levou para o hospital as famílias consideram que lavar a queimadura m água é uma forma de amenizar a dor da queimadura e encaminhar o filho a uma instituição hospitalar constitui uma forma de oferecer um cuidado correto após o acidente; 3) Ter mais cuidado a importância de prevenir outros acidentes com queimaduras e afastar as crianças dos fatores de risco, como: tirá-las da cozinha. Foi percebido que durante o estudo as mães, apesar de terem seus conhecimentos culturais, aprenderam muito, pois tinham muitas dúvidas que gradativamente eram esclarecidas e faziam com que refletissem sobre seu comportamento com seus filhos. Portanto, considera-se imprescindível a abordagem cultural do profissional para cuidar de crianças vítimas de queimaduras e que a Educação em Saúde deve ser utilizada como estratégia que permita que tanto a família, quanto a criança possam se sentir segura
Amadeu, Luciana Mendes [UNESP]. "Carga e trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva especializada em queimados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131931.
Full textÉ complexo assistir as pessoas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Especializada em Queimados, pois a falta de proteção do maior órgão do corpo, a pele, assim como as lesões inalatórias podem apresentar alterações hemodinâmicas e condições de vulnerabilidade para infecção. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem, segundo o Nursing Activities Score (NAS), em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva destinada ao tratamento de pacientes com queimaduras; correlacionar a carga de trabalho aos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos, gravidade (SAPS 3), superfície corporal queimada (SCQ%), grau de queimadura e desfecho e construir um tutorial para instruir e uniformizar a aplicação do instrumento. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e descritivo, prospectivo, de delineamento quantitativo, realizado na UTI de queimados de um Hospital Estadual de grande porte, localizado no interior de São Paulo. A Unidade é composta por 4 leitos. A população constou de pacientes atendidos na unidade no período de janeiro a junho de 2014. A amostra foi de 33 pacientes, com 447 medições. Obteve-se a aprovação do Comitê de Ética sob o nº CAAE 26679314.2.0000.5411. A carga de trabalho foi avaliada por meio do NAS, prospectivamente, referindo-se às últimas 24 horas. Utilizou-se a Correlação de Pearson, o teste Anova e de Tukey, todos com nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05). Do total de 33 pacientes prevaleceu o gênero masculino com 61%, brancos 67%, com união consensual estável 54%, primeiro grau completo 71%, grande queimado 55%, com acidentes por álcool e fogo 30%, depressivos 53%, submetidos à intubação e sedados 45%, em uso de medicação vasoativa 45% e com lesão inalatória associada 55%. O mês de maior ocorrência das internações foi fevereiro, com 27%. Em relação ao desfecho, 61% receberam alta para enfermaria. A média NAS foi de 81,94% para os pacientes sobreviventes e 86,16 % para os que foram a...
It is complex to watch people in the Intensive Care Unit Specialized in Burnt, because the lack of the body's largest organ protection, the skin, as well as inhalation injuries may present hemodynamic changes and conditions of vulnerability to infection. The objective of the study is to evaluate the nursing workload, according to the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) in a Intensive Care Unit for the treatment of burned patients; correlate the workload to sociodemographic aspects, clinicals, severity (SAPS 3), burned surface area (BSA%), degree of burn and outcomes and build a Tutorial to instruct and standardize the instrument application. It is an exploratory and descriptive, prospective, quantitative design study, performed in the burn ICU of a large State Hospital, located in e interior city of São Paulo. The unit consists of 4 beds. The population consisted of patients attending the unit from January to June 2014. The sample consisted of 33 patients, with 447 measurements. We obtained the approval of the Ethics Committee under the number CAAE 26679314.2.0000.5411. The workload was assessed by the NAS, prospectively, referring to the last 24 hours. Pearson correlation was used, ANOVA and Tukey tests, all of them with a significance level of 5% (p=0.05). From the total of 33 patients prevailed males with 61%, white 67%, with a stable relationship 54%, 71% with complete primary education, major burn 55%, with accident caused by alcohol and fire 30%, 53% depressed, submitted to intubation and sedated 45% by use of vasoactive medications associated with 45% and 55% with associated inhalation injury. The month of highest incidence of hospitalizations was February with 27%. Regarding the outcome, 61% were discharged to infirmary. The average NAS was 81.94% for the patients who survived and 86.16% for those who died. The hours of nursing in 24 hours was 19.6%. When comparing the nursing hours according to the NAS and COFEN resolution on the ...
Amadeu, Luciana Mendes. "Carga e trabalho de enfermagem em unidade de terapia intensiva especializada em queimados /." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131931.
Full textBanca: Valéria de Castilho Palhares
Banca: Neuza Aparecida de Souza Basso
Resumo: É complexo assistir as pessoas em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Especializada em Queimados, pois a falta de proteção do maior órgão do corpo, a pele, assim como as lesões inalatórias podem apresentar alterações hemodinâmicas e condições de vulnerabilidade para infecção. O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a carga de trabalho de enfermagem, segundo o Nursing Activities Score (NAS), em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva destinada ao tratamento de pacientes com queimaduras; correlacionar a carga de trabalho aos aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos, gravidade (SAPS 3), superfície corporal queimada (SCQ%), grau de queimadura e desfecho e construir um tutorial para instruir e uniformizar a aplicação do instrumento. Trata-se de estudo exploratório e descritivo, prospectivo, de delineamento quantitativo, realizado na UTI de queimados de um Hospital Estadual de grande porte, localizado no interior de São Paulo. A Unidade é composta por 4 leitos. A população constou de pacientes atendidos na unidade no período de janeiro a junho de 2014. A amostra foi de 33 pacientes, com 447 medições. Obteve-se a aprovação do Comitê de Ética sob o nº CAAE 26679314.2.0000.5411. A carga de trabalho foi avaliada por meio do NAS, prospectivamente, referindo-se às últimas 24 horas. Utilizou-se a Correlação de Pearson, o teste Anova e de Tukey, todos com nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05). Do total de 33 pacientes prevaleceu o gênero masculino com 61%, brancos 67%, com união consensual estável 54%, primeiro grau completo 71%, grande queimado 55%, com acidentes por álcool e fogo 30%, depressivos 53%, submetidos à intubação e sedados 45%, em uso de medicação vasoativa 45% e com lesão inalatória associada 55%. O mês de maior ocorrência das internações foi fevereiro, com 27%. Em relação ao desfecho, 61% receberam alta para enfermaria. A média NAS foi de 81,94% para os pacientes sobreviventes e 86,16 % para os que foram a...
Abstract: It is complex to watch people in the Intensive Care Unit Specialized in Burnt, because the lack of the body's largest organ protection, the skin, as well as inhalation injuries may present hemodynamic changes and conditions of vulnerability to infection. The objective of the study is to evaluate the nursing workload, according to the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) in a Intensive Care Unit for the treatment of burned patients; correlate the workload to sociodemographic aspects, clinicals, severity (SAPS 3), burned surface area (BSA%), degree of burn and outcomes and build a Tutorial to instruct and standardize the instrument application. It is an exploratory and descriptive, prospective, quantitative design study, performed in the burn ICU of a large State Hospital, located in e interior city of São Paulo. The unit consists of 4 beds. The population consisted of patients attending the unit from January to June 2014. The sample consisted of 33 patients, with 447 measurements. We obtained the approval of the Ethics Committee under the number CAAE 26679314.2.0000.5411. The workload was assessed by the NAS, prospectively, referring to the last 24 hours. Pearson correlation was used, ANOVA and Tukey tests, all of them with a significance level of 5% (p=0.05). From the total of 33 patients prevailed males with 61%, white 67%, with a stable relationship 54%, 71% with complete primary education, major burn 55%, with accident caused by alcohol and fire 30%, 53% depressed, submitted to intubation and sedated 45% by use of vasoactive medications associated with 45% and 55% with associated inhalation injury. The month of highest incidence of hospitalizations was February with 27%. Regarding the outcome, 61% were discharged to infirmary. The average NAS was 81.94% for the patients who survived and 86.16% for those who died. The hours of nursing in 24 hours was 19.6%. When comparing the nursing hours according to the NAS and COFEN resolution on the ...
Mestre
Damasceno, Ana Kelve de Castro. "Epidemiologia da dor em crianças vítimas de queimaduras." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2053.
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Objetivos deste estudo realizar investigação epidemiológica da dor em crianças vítimas de queimaduras, identificar o perfil epidemiológico das crianças vítimas de queimaduras no processo da dor, avaliar a dor da criança queimada utilizando uma Escala Visual Analógica – EVA (escala de faces) e fornecer subsídios ao serviço de queimados para avaliar o processo de dor. É um estudo de natureza epidemiológica descritiva, que se desenvolveu no Centro de Tratamento de Queimados do Instituto Dr. José Frota no período de agosto de 2003 a setembro de 2004. A amostra foi de 100 crianças, no período de março a setembro de 2004. Utilizamos um formulário que contém a Escala Visual Analógica– EVA (escala de faces). Para consolidação dos dados, utilizamos a computação eletrônica, com o programa Statistical Package of Social Service - SPSS. Os resultados obtidos são que as crianças do sexo masculino (56%), na faixa etária de 0 a 24 meses (39%), provenientes da capital (55%), tendo a cozinha como principal cenário (60%), e o agente causal mais comum os líquidos quentes (66%), demonstrando os diversos fatores de risco, que estas crianças estão expostas, levando-as ao fenômeno doloroso. A dor está presente nos acidentes com queimaduras em 91% das vítimas, principalmente nas queimaduras de 2º e 3º graus. Na EVA a avaliação feita pela criança teve um valor bem aproximado do acompanhante, com os níveis 0 (sem dor), 1, 2, 4 e 5 (pior dor) ficando aproximadamente 50% para cada avaliador, demonstrando que o adulto teve uma boa avaliação da dor da criança internada, denotando conhecer bem o seu ente. Nos níveis de dor 1 e 2, a avaliação do acompanhante deteve um percentual um pouco maior, demonstrando que não houve grandes discrepâncias entre estas avaliações. Entendemos que a avaliação da dor deva ser incluída na rotina diária de cuidados afirmando se como o quinto sinal vital
Santos, Filipe Alexandre Vasques dos. "Utilidade clínica da procalcitonina nos queimados: diagnóstico de infeção, monitorização de antibioterapia e prognóstico." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/16843.
Full textA infeção sistémica bacteriológica/fúngica (sepsis) é uma das principais causas de morte nos pacientes vítimas de queimaduras severas. Torna-se por isso imperativo a sua deteção prematura de modo a garantir um tratamento eficaz. No entanto, e fruto das consequências das queimaduras, esse processo é extremamente delicado. Tendo como principal motivação o estudo das potencialidades da procalcitonina como biomarcador na identificação e monitorização de sepsis em doentes queimados, foi realizada uma análise estatística da base de dados construída para cumprir uma parte dos objetivos deste estudo hospitalar.
SILVA, ANA CAROLINA FERREIRA RODRIGUES DA. "VOICES OF BAIXADA: A STUDY ABOUT RADIO COMMUNITY IN QUEIMADOS AND SÃO JOÃO DE MERITI." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11886@1.
Full textCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Esta é uma pesquisa sobre rádios comunitárias em áreas periféricas, tendose elegido como casos de estudos as rádios Novos Rumos, em Queimados, e Onda Livre, em São João de Meriti, ambas na Baixada Fluminense. Diante da proliferação de rádios comunitárias nos últimos anos no Brasil e do debate em torno de sua regulamentação, urge a melhor compreensão do trabalho dessas rádios. O objetivo é compreender as motivações e estratégias para a criação de um rádio comunitária. Como ela se articula com a vida associativa local e qual o significado e desafio da criação de um espaço público alternativo, considerando áreas marginalizadas e onde práticas políticas autoritárias são uma constante.
This is a research about radio community in peripheral areas. We have chosen two radios: Novos Rumos, in Queimados, and Onda Livre, São João de Meriti, both located in a region called Baixada Fluminense. Due to a proliferation of radios in the last years in Brazil and the large debate about their regulation, it is important to understand their practice. Our goal is to achieve a better understanding of the motivations and strategies for the implementation of a radio community. How they are articulated to the local life and what is the meaning and the challenges for the construction of a radio community, considering marginalized areas, where authoritarian political practices area common.
López, Karin Jannet Vera. "Monitoramento terapêutico e modelagem farmacocinética de antimicrobianos em pacientes queimados da unidade de terapia intensiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-29032010-154956/.
Full textSepsis after thermal injury is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients, once deep changes on the pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials agents are expected. Thirty one burn patients were investigated, all of them had documented sepsis and presented active lesions; they were treated with empirical dose regimen as follows: 1 g, 12/12 h for vancomycin, 1 g, 6/6 h for imipenem and 2 g, 8/8 h for cefepime. A serial of seven blood samples were collected from the venous catheter (2 mL/each); plasma was obtained by centrifugation and storaged in an ultra-low freezer (-80o C) until assay. Drug plasma concentration was determined simultaneously by application of a bioanalytical method described previously. High performance liquid chromatographic method showed good linearity, precision and accuracy for vancomycin, cefepime and imipenem plasma measurements; its application permitted therapeutic drug monitoring and pharmacokinetic studies. Pharmacokinetic modeling was applied to data obtained based on drug plasma concentrations versus time, to investigate those antimicrobial agents in burn patients. Estimated kinetic parameters were based on the one compartment open model by application the software PK Solutions v. 2.0; statistics was performed by using the software GraphPad Prism v. 4.0. Based on altered pharmacokinetics, obtained plasma concentrations to reach drug efficacy were below the recommended values for vancomycin and imipenem; on the other hand, cefepime plasma concentrations to reach drug efficacy were in the recommended range, once its pharmacokinetics didnt change in burn patients. Then, therapeutic plasma monitoring was cost-effective permitting dose adjustment for vancomycin and imipenem, once the minimum effective concentration (MEC) wasnt reached for both antimicrobial agents by using the empirical dose regimen for burn patients. On the other hand, cefepime plasma monitoring was also cost-effective, since burn patients long term therapy can present renal dysfunction at the minimum one period in the intensive care unit; consequently, dose adjustment could be required for them. Additionally, vancomycin kinetic disposition was investigated in nine burn patients after two different surgical interventions. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics post-debridement versus post-skin grafting procedure was compared based on drug plasma monitoring by using the empirical dose regimen (1 g, 12/12 h). Trough vancomycin plasma level after multiple infusions, obtained by blood collection before de next dose, is related to drug accumulation at the steady state level; then, trough below the minimum effective concentration (MEC) were obtained after both surgical procedures performed in burn patients. Meanwhile, increased plasma clearance and reduced biological half-life were obtained after debridement compared skin grafting procedure. Finally, data obtained in the present study permit to conclude that the pharmacokinetics is altered for vancomycin and imipenem in burn patients with sepsis, and drug plasma monitoring is recommended to guarantee drug efficacy and to prevent the bacterial emergency.
Soares, Nataly Tsumura Inocencio. "O manejo da dor da criança pela equipe de enfermagem em uma unidade de queimados." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000177976.
Full textBurns are considered one of the most traumatic injuries suffered by a human being, either due to the injury itself or because the procedures required to heal it. Children are the major population of this injury, due to their natural curiosity and immaturity in recognizing and avoiding imminent danger. These characteristics are common to this age and to child development, mainly up to four years old. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand about pain management by nursing professionals towards the burned child and the hospitalization process of this population in a Burnt Victims Unit. To do so, a descriptive and exploratory research was conducted using a qualitative approach, through semi-structured interviews with 16 members of a nursing team who worked in a Burnt Victims Unit. The daily routine of the unit was also observed and data from medical records were assembled. The theoretical reference used to analyzed data was the Interpretive Anthropology proposed by Geertz, and Sense-Based Interpretation theory, proposed by Gomes and Minayo, was used as methodological reference. The results and discussion originated three scientific papers. The first, Nursing team actions in burned children pain management: a critical literature review is a critical review and the other two, Nursing team care with burned children in pain and The experience of the nursing team towards the hospitalization of a burned child are results from the research. Hence, the second paper, Nursing team care with burned children in pain approaches the attitudes the nursing team adopts towards a burned child, considering their perceptions, pain measurements and relief. The third paper, The experience of the nursing team towards the hospitalization of the burned child reflects the reality of a Burnt Victims Unit, focusing on pediatric hospitalization, considering the child, the family and the nursing team. In conclusion, this research displayed that all hospitalization process poses a stressful and painful situation to the team. Some fragility was highlighted in child pain management, generally provided in a non-systematic way, as well as suffering regarding the rehabilitation process. We emphasize to the importance given to multi-professional care provided to all people involved. We identified the necessity to implement continued education activities to capacitate employees for adequate child pain management, and therefore, minimize the suffering of those under their care, so that healing is less traumatic as possible. Also, it is necessary to design health education programs focused on burn prevention addressing families and community, in order to reduce the incidence of this type of injury and its painful consequences, which are often permanent.
Pilau, Janaina. ""Fatores de risco para insuficiência respiratória aguda e fatores prognósticos em pacientes queimados internados na UTI"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5150/tde-03052006-145913/.
Full textBurns are one of the most devastating conditions encountered mediicne. This is a prospective cohort study of adult patient, during 26 months, not consecutive (Dec/01/00 - Dec/31/01 a Jul/01/02 - Jul/31/03), conducted in burn ICU of Hospital das Clínicas of University of Sao Paulo. Were admitted to ICU 106 patients; of those, 83 were included this study. Mean age was 36 and total body surface area burn (%BSA) 38%. Inhalation injury was identified in 51% patients, 58% required mechanical ventilation and ALI/ARDS in 46%. Overall mortality was 40%. Age, total %BSA, female sex and ALI/ARDS was determinant factors of death
Barbosa, Adriana Sierra Assência Almeida [UNESP]. "Perfil nutricional e imunológico de índividuos queimados atendidos no Hospital Estadual Bauru no momento da internação." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89966.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A queimadura é uma lesão no tecido orgânico resultante de uma ação direta ou indireta de calor sobre o organismo. As queimaduras devem ser observadas e analisadas os aspectos clínico, nutricional, imunológico e microbiológico favorecendo um adequado diagnóstico e tratamento desta injúria. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil nutricional e imunológico dos pacientes internados com o diagnóstico de queimadura. Foram avaliados 8 pacientes internados com até 24 horas após da injúria na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Estadual Bauru/SP com o diagnóstico de queimadura, adultos acima de 18 anos de idade, no ano de 2007, com avaliações momento da internação e após 7 dia. Os 8 pacientes eram do sexo masculino e apresentavam média de idade de 34 anos. A média de superfície corporal queimada foi de 17,5%. O diagnóstico nutricional revelou que 50% eram eutróficos e 12,5% obesos. A análise microbiológica mostrou que 100% dos pacientes apresentaram culturas das regiões retal, nasal, oral, queimadura e axilar colhidas no ato da internação negativas. Após uma semana de internação foram coletadas novamente as culturas sendo que 50% foram positivas. Dos exames laboratoriais colhidos os que apresentaram diferença com significância estatística foram: contagem de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, proteínas totais e albumina. Dos exames imunológicos dosados, tanto a IL-6, quanto o TNF- α, apresentaram elevação significantes no segundo momento. A IL-6 apresentou níveis elevados em relação ao controle no primeiro momento. Apesar do aumento de sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de queimaduras, a aquisição de infecção é tida como a principal complicação se comparada com demais fatores preponderantes. A alimentação é de grande importância na recuperação do paciente queimado. Portanto, o paciente queimado, vítima de estresse...
Burns are lesions in organic tissue which result from a direct or indirect action of heat on the organism. Burns must be observed and analyzed in relation to clinical, nutritional, immunologic and microbiologic aspects, thus favoring an adequate diagnosis and treatment for such injuries. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional and immunologic profile of patients hospitalized with a burn diagnosis. Eight patients accepted at Bauru State Hospital-SP with a burn diagnosis up to 24 hours after the occurrence of the injury were evaluated. The patients were adults, older than 18 years and hospitalized in 2007. Evaluations were performed at the moment of hospitalization and 7 days later. The eight patients were males with a mean age of 34 years. Their burned body surface was, on average, 17.5%. The nutritional diagnosis showed that 50% were eutrophic and 12.5% obese. Microbiological evaluation showed that 100% of the patients presented negative cultures, which were collected at the moment of hospitalization, from the rectal, nasal, oral, axillary and burned regions. After one week of hospitalization, the cultures were again collected, and 50% were positive. Of the laboratory tests collected, those presenting statistically significant differences were: red- cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total-protein and albumin count. Of the immunologic tests dosed, both IL-6 and TNF-α showed significant increase at the second moment. IL-6 had already shown high levels in relation to control at the first moment. Despite the increase in the survival of burned patients, infection acquisition is regarded as the major complication when compared with other predominant factors. Diet is of great importance for the burned patient’s recovery. Therefore, the burned patient, a victim of acute stress, can be regarded as immunosupressed, since after the trauma, a number of organic alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rojas, Alfredo Cury [UNESP]. "Cetamina S(+) como adjuvante na anestesia e no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103999.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os pacientes vítimas de queimaduras frequentemente manifestam dor de grande intensidade e de difícil controle, requerendo o uso contínuo do opióide para a manutenção da analgesia adequada, sendo, muitas vezes, necessária a administração de medicações adjuvantes. Os antagonistas dos receptores N-metil D-aspartato (NMDA) produzem analgesia adequada e a cetamina, representante desta classe de fármacos, é muito utilizada em pacientes com queimaduras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o comportamento da cetamina S(+), administrada pela via intravenosa durante a anestesia, como fármaco coadjuvante no alívio da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos e, também, o consumo de tramadol como indicador da qualidade desta analgesia.Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu e assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, vinte e quatro pacientes foram divididos, por sorteio, em dois grupos (G): G1 (n=13), que receberam midazolam (2,5 mg), cetamina S(+) (1 mg.kg-1), fentanil (75 μg) e propofol em infusão alvo controlada (0,5 a 2,0μg.mL-1) e G2 (n=11), que receberam midazolam (2,5 mg), solução fisiológica 0,9%, fentanil (75 μg) e propofol em infusão alvo controlada (0,5 a 2,0 μg.mL-1). As seringas foram preparadas por enfermeira não participante do ato anestésico-cirúrgico, em seringas de 5 mL, contendo 3 mL de solução. Os pacientes foram monitorizados com cardioscópio, pressão arterial não invasiva e oximetria de pulso. A hidratação foi realizada com solução fisiológica 0,9%. Aos aumentos na freqüência cardíaca e na pressão arterial sistólica (acima de 20%), assim como ao esboço de sinais de desconforto por dor, administrava-se fentanil (50μg até o máximo de 3 μg.kg -1). A analgesia pós-operatória foi realizada com tramadol (100 mg) ao final da cirurgia...
Burn patients often present intense pain that is difficult to control, requiring continuous use of opioids to maintain adequate analgesia, such that it is often necessary to administer adjuvant medications. Receptor antagonists N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) produce analgesia and ketamine, a representative of this class of drugs, is widely used in burn patients. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of ketamine S(+), administered intravenously during anesthesia, as an adjuvant drug in relieving postoperative pain for burn patients submitted to surgery and the consumption of tramadol as an indicator of the quality of this analgesia.Following approval by the Ethics Committee of the Botucatu School of Medicine and free, informed consent, 24 patients were divided randomly into two groups: G1 (n=13) received midazolam (2.5 mg), ketamine (S) (1 mg/kg of bw), fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL); and G2 (n=11) received midazolam (2.5 mg), 0.9% saline, fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL).The syringes were prepared by a nurse, who did not participate in the surgical anesthetic Introdução e Literatura 16 procedures, in a 5 ml syringe containing 3 ml of solution. The patients were monitored via a cardioscope, noninvasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry.Hydration was achieved with 0.9% saline. When heart rate and systolic blood pressure (above 20%) was increased and/or when signs of discomfort due to pain were observed, fentanyl was administered (from 50μg to a maximum of 3 mg/kg of bw). Postoperative analgesia was achieved with tramadol (100 mg) at the end of surgery. Patients were assessed for pain at discharge from the recovery room (M0) and 3 h (M1), 6 h (M2) and 12 h (M3) postsurgery, using verbal numeric and visual analogue scales. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with codeine (30 mg)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Barbosa, Adriana Sierra Assência Almeida. "Perfil nutricional e imunológico de índividuos queimados atendidos no Hospital Estadual Bauru no momento da internação /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89966.
Full textBanca: Silvio Luís de Oliveira
Banca: Maria Esther Salles Nogueira
Resumo: A queimadura é uma lesão no tecido orgânico resultante de uma ação direta ou indireta de calor sobre o organismo. As queimaduras devem ser observadas e analisadas os aspectos clínico, nutricional, imunológico e microbiológico favorecendo um adequado diagnóstico e tratamento desta injúria. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil nutricional e imunológico dos pacientes internados com o diagnóstico de queimadura. Foram avaliados 8 pacientes internados com até 24 horas após da injúria na Unidade de Queimados do Hospital Estadual Bauru/SP com o diagnóstico de queimadura, adultos acima de 18 anos de idade, no ano de 2007, com avaliações momento da internação e após 7 dia. Os 8 pacientes eram do sexo masculino e apresentavam média de idade de 34 anos. A média de superfície corporal queimada foi de 17,5%. O diagnóstico nutricional revelou que 50% eram eutróficos e 12,5% obesos. A análise microbiológica mostrou que 100% dos pacientes apresentaram culturas das regiões retal, nasal, oral, queimadura e axilar colhidas no ato da internação negativas. Após uma semana de internação foram coletadas novamente as culturas sendo que 50% foram positivas. Dos exames laboratoriais colhidos os que apresentaram diferença com significância estatística foram: contagem de hemácias, hemoglobina, hematócrito, proteínas totais e albumina. Dos exames imunológicos dosados, tanto a IL-6, quanto o TNF- α, apresentaram elevação significantes no segundo momento. A IL-6 apresentou níveis elevados em relação ao controle no primeiro momento. Apesar do aumento de sobrevida dos pacientes portadores de queimaduras, a aquisição de infecção é tida como a principal complicação se comparada com demais fatores preponderantes. A alimentação é de grande importância na recuperação do paciente queimado. Portanto, o paciente queimado, vítima de estresse... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Burns are lesions in organic tissue which result from a direct or indirect action of heat on the organism. Burns must be observed and analyzed in relation to clinical, nutritional, immunologic and microbiologic aspects, thus favoring an adequate diagnosis and treatment for such injuries. Hence, this study aimed at evaluating the nutritional and immunologic profile of patients hospitalized with a burn diagnosis. Eight patients accepted at Bauru State Hospital-SP with a burn diagnosis up to 24 hours after the occurrence of the injury were evaluated. The patients were adults, older than 18 years and hospitalized in 2007. Evaluations were performed at the moment of hospitalization and 7 days later. The eight patients were males with a mean age of 34 years. Their burned body surface was, on average, 17.5%. The nutritional diagnosis showed that 50% were eutrophic and 12.5% obese. Microbiological evaluation showed that 100% of the patients presented negative cultures, which were collected at the moment of hospitalization, from the rectal, nasal, oral, axillary and burned regions. After one week of hospitalization, the cultures were again collected, and 50% were positive. Of the laboratory tests collected, those presenting statistically significant differences were: red- cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total-protein and albumin count. Of the immunologic tests dosed, both IL-6 and TNF-α showed significant increase at the second moment. IL-6 had already shown high levels in relation to control at the first moment. Despite the increase in the survival of burned patients, infection acquisition is regarded as the major complication when compared with other predominant factors. Diet is of great importance for the burned patient's recovery. Therefore, the burned patient, a victim of acute stress, can be regarded as immunosupressed, since after the trauma, a number of organic alterations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Rojas, Alfredo Cury. "Cetamina S(+) como adjuvante na anestesia e no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de pacientes queimados /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103999.
Full textAbstract: Burn patients often present intense pain that is difficult to control, requiring continuous use of opioids to maintain adequate analgesia, such that it is often necessary to administer adjuvant medications. Receptor antagonists N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) produce analgesia and ketamine, a representative of this class of drugs, is widely used in burn patients. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of ketamine S(+), administered intravenously during anesthesia, as an adjuvant drug in relieving postoperative pain for burn patients submitted to surgery and the consumption of tramadol as an indicator of the quality of this analgesia.Following approval by the Ethics Committee of the Botucatu School of Medicine and free, informed consent, 24 patients were divided randomly into two groups: G1 (n=13) received midazolam (2.5 mg), ketamine (S) (1 mg/kg of bw), fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL); and G2 (n=11) received midazolam (2.5 mg), 0.9% saline, fentanyl (75 mg) and propofol target controlled infusion (0.5 to 2.0 μg/mL).The syringes were prepared by a nurse, who did not participate in the surgical anesthetic Introdução e Literatura 16 procedures, in a 5 ml syringe containing 3 ml of solution. The patients were monitored via a cardioscope, noninvasive blood pressure and pulse oximetry.Hydration was achieved with 0.9% saline. When heart rate and systolic blood pressure (above 20%) was increased and/or when signs of discomfort due to pain were observed, fentanyl was administered (from 50μg to a maximum of 3 mg/kg of bw). Postoperative analgesia was achieved with tramadol (100 mg) at the end of surgery. Patients were assessed for pain at discharge from the recovery room (M0) and 3 h (M1), 6 h (M2) and 12 h (M3) postsurgery, using verbal numeric and visual analogue scales. Postoperative analgesia was maintained with codeine (30 mg)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Eliana Marisa Ganem
Coorientador: Guilherme Antonio Moreira de Barros
Banca: Norma Sueli Pinheiro Módolo
Banca: Leandro Gobbo Braz
Banca: José Fernanda Amaral Meletti
Banca: Eduardo Toshiyuki Moro
Doutor
Busato, Claudia de Abreu. "Percepção dos funcionários de uma unidade de queimados em relação à higiene bucal dos pacientes internados." Florianópolis, SC, 2003. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/86012.
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Objetivou-se conhecer a percepção dos funcionários que atuam na unidade de queimados do Hospital Infantil Joana de Gusmão, em relação à higiene bucal do paciente internado. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando entrevista semi-estruturada. Os entrevistados perceberam a higiene bucal como procedimento importante para todas as pessoas. Aspectos estéticos, transmissão de microrganismos, mau hálito, foram relacionados com a higiene bucal. Consideram que hábitos de higiene devem ser adquiridos no ambiente familiar; sugeriram a apresentação de vídeos e palestras para pacientes, pais e funcionários, abordando higiene bucal. Sugere-se que pesquisas sejam realizadas, abordando percepções dos pais sobre higiene bucal, na unidade de queimados do HIJG, visando melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes queimados internados.
Costa, Armin Gino Boero, and 6999790153. "Utilização de resíduos cerâmicos da cidade de Porto Velho na produção de concretos." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2017. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5993.
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The present work proposes to evaluate the partial replacement of Portland cement by residues of ground ceramic bricks, originating in the Porto Velho / RO, for concrete production. For this, concrete were produced with the contents of 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by weight of clay residues calcined clay replacing the Portland cement. Mechanical strength tests on compression and diametric compression traction were carried out on the concretes produced. The results were satisfactory when the pozzolanic addition was 20% instead of the binder material. At this time, the compressive strength losses were close to 8% at 28 days after molding. The same should be observed for the diametric compression tensile strength whose results were very close in all samples and unique when replacing Portland cement with ground brick residues in the percentage of 20%. The other tests: granulometry, modulus of fineness, specific mass of the aggregates, water absorption, voids index, specific mass of the concretes were complements, although necessary, to determine the characterization and knowledge of the durability of the formulated mixture. Based on the results of laboratory tests it is acceptable to partially replace the cement with residues of calcined and ground ceramic bricks, even with partial losses of properties of the mechanical resistance.
O presente trabalho propõe avaliar a substituição parcial do cimento Portland por resíduos de tijolos cerâmicos moídos, originários da região oleira de Porto Velho/RO, para a produção de concretos. Para isso, foram produzidos concretos com os teores de 0%, 10%, 20% e 30%, em peso, de resíduos de tijolos argila calcinada em substituição ao cimento Portland. Ensaios de resistência mecânicas à compressão e tração por compressão diametral foram realizados nos concretos produzidos. Os resultados foram satisfatórios quando a adição pozolânica foi de 20% em substituição ao material aglomerante, neste ato as perdas da resistência à compressão situaram-se próximas de 8% aos 28 dias pós moldagem. O mesmo deve ser observado quanto a resistência à tração por compressão diametral cujos resultados foram muito próximos em todas as amostras e singular quando da substituição de cimento Portland por resíduos de tijolos moídos no percentual de 20%. Os demais ensaios: granulometria, módulo de finura, massa específica dos agregados, absorção de água, índice de vazios, massa específica dos concretos foram complementos, embora necessários, para determinar a caracterização e o conhecimento da durabilidade da mistura formulada. Com base em resultados de ensaios laboratoriais é aceitável a substituição parcial do cimento por resíduos de tijolos cerâmicos calcinados e moídos, mesmo com perdas parciais de propriedades da resistência mecânica.
Giraud, Cristina Sanches. "Abordagem farmacocinética e farmacodinâmica no monitoramento terapêutico de antimicrobianos em pacientes queimados da unidade de terapia intensiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-26102011-112130/.
Full textIntroduction: Sepsis is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients, once pharmacokinetics of antimicrobials prescribed for the control of infections are significantly altered in those patients. In addition, burn patients in the ICU, initially can present infections by community microbial and must receive different antimicrobials than those prescribed for sepsis. On the other hand, burn immunocompromized patients with prolonged staying in the ICU, re-incidence of sepsis and fungal infection requires an effective antifungal agent that must be associated to the antimicrobials prescription. Objective: Therapeutic plasma monitoring of eight antimicrobials largely prescribed to burn patients from the ICU, Pharmacokinetic and PK-PD modeling for dose adjustment and for the control of infections. Study design: Thirty two burn inpatients with infections from the ICU Burns- Division of Plastic Surgery of Clinics Hospital Medical School University of Sao Paulo received systemically antimicrobials/ antifungal agents. Methods - Clinical Procedures: In general burn patients received several antimicrobial agents as recommended by the Control of Hospital Infection Committee as empirical dose at the beginning of therapy and also afterwards in the ICU. The control of infections by community microbials or yet by hospital microbials, and also for fungal infection, was performed by drug plasma monitoring of cefepime, ciprofloxacin, imipenem, oxacillin, piperacillin, sulphamethoxazole, vancomycin and fluconazole after blood sample collection at the peak and at the trough. Complementary, usually by clinical criteria, six blood sample collections were performed at time dose interval (end of drug infusion, 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and at the trough) for pharmacokinetic purposes, dose adjustment and individualization of drug therapy for burn patients. Blood sample collection was done by the physician from the ICU by venous catheter (2mL/each into blood collection tubes sodium EDTA); plasma obtained by centrifugation of blood tubes were analyzed in the same day or in a deep freezer to storage (-80o C) until assay. Methods - Analytical Procedures: Previously to the clinical study, in the Laboratory School of Pharmaceutical Sciences was performed the development, validation and optimization of bioanalytical methods for drug plasma monitoring of eight antimicrobial/antifungal agents by HPLC-UV. Drug measurements were performed on the day of blood collection and data were preferentially informed to the physician at the same day or at the early morning of the following day to facilitate the therapeutic intervention and changes on the morning prescription to guarantee drug efficacy. Methods Statistics Procedures: Descriptive statistics was performed by applying the software GraphPad Instat v 4.0., GraphPad Prism v.4.0 by parametric and non parametric tests. Pharmacokinetics was estimated by applying the software NonCompartmental Analysis, PK Solutions 2.0, to data (C vs T) for each antimicrobial agent. Additionally, the software GraphPad Prism v 4.0 was applied to PK-PD modeling, an important tool related to dilemma decision about changes on empirical dose of an antimicrobial agent and obviously helps the physician in the rationalization of drug therapy in severe burns. Results: Burn patients included in the protocol were of both genders 23F/9M, 39.6 yrs, 69.5 kg, 33.9% TBSA; agents of the accident were fire/ alcohol for 27 patients and electrical trauma for three patients; inhalation injury were described for 11/32 patients. Approximately 1500 drug plasma measurements for all antimicrobials prescribed to burn patients for the control of infection in the ICU were performed totalizing 303 follow up for pharmacokinetic purposes during the period in the ICU for 32 burn patients. Dose adjustment was required in 88% of vancomycin prescription, 65% for cefepime, 52% for sulphamethoxazole, 74% for fluconazole e 19% for imipenem. High pharmacokinetic variability was registered for all agents investigated. In addition, significant changes on pharmacokinetic parameters were described for imipenem, fluconazole, sulphamethoxazole and vancomycin for burn patients with dialytic renal dysfunction compared to those with renal function preserved. PK-PD modeling applied to antimicrobials investigated in the present study was based on predictive parameters recommended like time interval to maintain drug plasma concentration higher than the minimum effective concentration (%Δ T> MIC) for cefepime and also for imipenem, oxacillin and piperacillin; AUCss0-24/MIC plus Cssmax/MIC for ciprofloxacin, AUCss0-24/MIC for fluconazole and vancomycin, and finally, AUCss0-24/MIC plus %Δ T> MIC for sulphamethoxazole. Conclusions: High pharmacokinetic variability was obtained for all investigated agents. PK-PD modeling applied could justify definitively the antimicrobial therapy dose adjustment instead the empirical dose regimen. Then, drug efficacy was guaranteed against susceptible microbial, spreading to susceptible to antimicrobial dose dependent and also those presenting high value for MIC related to microbial resistance to empiric dose regimen. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that PK-PD modeling of antimicrobials with basis on predictive drug efficacy parameter is definitively an important tool to preserve and safeguard these agents for the control of severe infection in burn patients, to avoid the bacterial emergency and microbial resistance.
Rosa, Deborah Maciel Cavalcanti [UNESP]. "Epidemiologia, lesão inalatória e biomarcadores: relação com prognóstico de adultos queimados internados em uma unidade de referência." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102653.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Diferentemente do que em países desenvolvidos nos quais tem havido redução do número, da morbidade e da mortalidade dos casos de queimadura, nos países em desenvolvimento estas taxas ainda são muito elevadas. Embora a queimadura seja um problema muito freqüente no Brasil, existem poucos estudos e dados epidemiológicos disponíveis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a epidemiologia, identificar variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas que influenciam no prognóstico de adultos queimados e fatores prognósticos. Estudo observacional, prospectivo, casos consecutivos de pacientes queimados com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, internados na Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados (UTQ) de um hospital geral universitário de nível terciário, localizado na região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, que atende exclusivamente pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de maio de 2006 a julho de 2007. Dos prontuários e do exame clínico dos pacientes foram extraídos os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, características da queimadura (agente, causa, extensão e profundidade), intervalo de tempo entre a queimadura e a internação, presença de lesão inalatória, complicações e tempo de permanência. Em um grupo de 25 pacientes foi possível a dosagem sérica de dímero D e de proteína C reativa nas primeiras 48 horas e no 7º dia após a queimadura. O desfecho final considerado foi alta hospitalar ou óbito. Foi realizada comparação entre os grupos de acordo com o desfecho, sendo as variáveis quantitativas analisadas pelos testes t de Student, teste de Wilcoxon ou das medianas para amostras independentes, dependendo da normalidade dos dados, e as variáveis qualitativas pelo teste de diferença de proporções. Considerando o desfecho como variável resposta, foi ajustada uma regressão logística em função das variáveis clínicas...
Differently from developed countries in which there have been a reduction in the numbers of deaths in burn cases, in third world countries these numbers still very high. Even thou burns are a very frequent problem in Brazil, there are few studies and even fewer epidemiological data available. To describe the epidemiology and identify epidemiological variables and clinics that influence in the prognostic of adult burn patients. Observational, prospective study and series of adult burn cases, of which all are of 18 years of age or above, admitted in the Burn Care Unit of a tertiary referral University Hospital, in the central-west region of the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, that treats exclusively public health system, from May of 2006 to July of 2007. From the patients file and physical examination the following data has been extracted: sex, age, characteristics of the burn (cause, agent, extension and depth), time between the time of the burn and the admittance into the hospital, presence of inhalation injury, complications and duration of the hospital stay. The endpoint was considered release from the hospital or death. A comparison was made between the groups according to the endpoint, variables being quantized analyzed by the t Student and Wilcoxon tests or median by independent sampling, depending of the normality of the data and qualities variables by which were shown differences in the test. Considering the endpoint with a variable answer, the formula was readjusted by logistical regression due to the variable clinics. For the lenght stay there were calculated the survival curves by the Kaplan-Meier method, considering the endpoint as a censorship variable of all the patients, stratified by age, inhalation injury, depth, agent, cause and extension of the burn. In cases of curves obtained by stratification there was applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Rosa, Deborah Maciel Cavalcanti. "Epidemiologia, lesão inalatória e biomarcadores : relação com prognóstico de adultos queimados internados em uma unidade de referência /." Botucatu, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102653.
Full textBanca: Ana Lúcia Gut
Banca: Lydia M. Terruira
Banca: Pedro Caruzo
Banca: Luis Cuadrado Martin
Acompanha 1 CD-Rom
Resumo: Diferentemente do que em países desenvolvidos nos quais tem havido redução do número, da morbidade e da mortalidade dos casos de queimadura, nos países em desenvolvimento estas taxas ainda são muito elevadas. Embora a queimadura seja um problema muito freqüente no Brasil, existem poucos estudos e dados epidemiológicos disponíveis. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos descrever a epidemiologia, identificar variáveis epidemiológicas e clínicas que influenciam no prognóstico de adultos queimados e fatores prognósticos. Estudo observacional, prospectivo, casos consecutivos de pacientes queimados com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, internados na Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados (UTQ) de um hospital geral universitário de nível terciário, localizado na região centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil, que atende exclusivamente pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde, no período de maio de 2006 a julho de 2007. Dos prontuários e do exame clínico dos pacientes foram extraídos os seguintes dados: sexo, idade, características da queimadura (agente, causa, extensão e profundidade), intervalo de tempo entre a queimadura e a internação, presença de lesão inalatória, complicações e tempo de permanência. Em um grupo de 25 pacientes foi possível a dosagem sérica de dímero D e de proteína C reativa nas primeiras 48 horas e no 7º dia após a queimadura. O desfecho final considerado foi alta hospitalar ou óbito. Foi realizada comparação entre os grupos de acordo com o desfecho, sendo as variáveis quantitativas analisadas pelos testes t de Student, teste de Wilcoxon ou das medianas para amostras independentes, dependendo da normalidade dos dados, e as variáveis qualitativas pelo teste de diferença de proporções. Considerando o desfecho como variável resposta, foi ajustada uma regressão logística em função das variáveis clínicas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Differently from developed countries in which there have been a reduction in the numbers of deaths in burn cases, in third world countries these numbers still very high. Even thou burns are a very frequent problem in Brazil, there are few studies and even fewer epidemiological data available. To describe the epidemiology and identify epidemiological variables and clinics that influence in the prognostic of adult burn patients. Observational, prospective study and series of adult burn cases, of which all are of 18 years of age or above, admitted in the Burn Care Unit of a tertiary referral University Hospital, in the central-west region of the state of São Paulo, southeast Brazil, that treats exclusively public health system, from May of 2006 to July of 2007. From the patients file and physical examination the following data has been extracted: sex, age, characteristics of the burn (cause, agent, extension and depth), time between the time of the burn and the admittance into the hospital, presence of inhalation injury, complications and duration of the hospital stay. The endpoint was considered release from the hospital or death. A comparison was made between the groups according to the endpoint, variables being quantized analyzed by the t Student and Wilcoxon tests or median by independent sampling, depending of the normality of the data and qualities variables by which were shown differences in the test. Considering the endpoint with a variable answer, the formula was readjusted by logistical regression due to the variable clinics. For the lenght stay there were calculated the survival curves by the Kaplan-Meier method, considering the endpoint as a censorship variable of all the patients, stratified by age, inhalation injury, depth, agent, cause and extension of the burn. In cases of curves obtained by stratification there was applied... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Santos, Veronica da Cunha Andrade. "Concepções de professores de EJA sobre trabalho e formação humana: estudo exploratório no município de Queimados - Baixada Fluminense." EPSJV, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/9401.
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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Politécnica de Saúde Joaquim Venâncio. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Profissional em Saúde.
Esta dissertação destaca alguns aspectos da trajetória histórica da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) no Brasil e de sua consolidação como modalidade de ensino. Recupera a história do município de Queimados, a memória da cidade desde os tempos de distrito de Nova Iguaçu até sua emancipação, com o propósito de refletir sobre as peculiaridades históricas e sociais que compõem a singularidade da EJA nesse lugar. Apresenta o processo de constituição dessa modalidade de ensino em uma escola municipal da cidade de Queimados, por meio da análise de dados coletados em entrevistas semiestruturadas, analisa como seus trabalhadores docentes percebem e desenvolvem as concepções de trabalho como formação humana. Procura refletir sobre as narrativas dos professores e a sua dimensão social no mundo do trabalho precarizado, buscando possibilidades para construir uma escola que não se afaste de seu papel principal que, entende-se ser o apoderamento de seus sujeitos.
This dissertation points out some aspects of the historical trajectory of youth and adults(EJA)in Brazil and its consolidation as a teaching modality. It recovers the history of the municipality of Queimados, recovers the memory of the city since the days of Nova Iguaçu district until its emancipation, in order to rflect on the historical and social peculiarities that compounds the uniqueness of EJA in this place. This paper presents the process of setting up this type of education modality in the Municipal School and, where of the analisis of collected datas at semi-structures interviews, analizes how the docents know and develop the concepts of work as human formation. This term paper try to reflect on the teacher’s narratives and their social dimension in the word os precarious work, searching possibilities to build a school that does not stand back from its primary responsibility that is meant to be take of their subjets.
Costa, Claudia Patrícia de Oliveira. "Nas disputas das memórias: um estudo sobre narrativas acerca da emancipação do município de Queimados RJ, na passagem dos séculos XX ao XXI." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7403.
Full textA proposta dessa pesquisa é apontar possibilidades de escrita da história do município de Queimados, na Baixada Fluminense, a partir das memórias das lideranças que defenderam sua emancipação política, durante a década de 1980. Essas memórias, coletadas por meio de narrativas orais, se constituem no documento chave para essa análise, dado o caráter recente da emancipação desse município. A partir do estudo da transcrição dessas narrativas, coloca-se em discussão o processo de construção das memórias das lideranças da emancipação. No decurso desse processo, evidenciam-se as estratégias adotadas no sentido de afirmar a legitimidade da narrativa e reivindicação do reconhecimento pelas ações realizadas no passado. Da mesma forma, identificam-se silêncios, negações e hiatos, como aspectos que perpassam os discursos dos oito líderes políticos da Associação dos Amigos para o Progresso de Queimados, a AAPQ, especialmente quando são convidados a abordar as questões político-partidárias subjacentes ao campo político local que se configurou no período. Nesse intrincado cenário, evidencia-se o esforço pela construção das memórias da emancipação de Queimados, mais de duas décadas decorridas desde a conquista de sua autonomia política. Tais constatações nos permitiu trilhar alguns caminhos que inserem essa pesquisa no âmbito da História Pública, possibilitando um retorno de nosso trabalho a essa comunidade, sem perder de vista a ancoragem nos referenciais teóricos de Michael Pollak, de acordo com nossa prática enquanto historiadores.
Guimarães, Wanderson Vidigal. "Monitoramento plasmático e análise PK/PD dos antimicrobianos vancomicina e piperacilina no controle das infecções em pacientes queimados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-19102016-154318/.
Full textIntroduction: Metabolic and hemodynamic changes were reported in critically ill patients including burn patients in sepsis. Then, pharmacokinetics is altered in those patients mainly for hydrophilic antimicrobial agents prescribed for the control of severe bacterial infections; consequently, the therapeutic target wasn\'t reached based on drug plasma concentrations lower than expected. Antimicrobial therapy recommended in sepsis suspicious is based in a combination of two antimicrobials; vancomycin, a glycopeptides derivative and a beta-lactam agent piperacillin-tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. Objective: It was proposed a pharmacokinetic investigation for vancomycin and piperacillin based on drug plasma monitoring followed by drug effectiveness measurements by PK/PD analysis after the empiric dose regimen recommended to normal renal function or renal failure burn patients in sepsis. Methods: 42 adult burn patients of both gender (33M/9F) with deep 2nd and 3rd injuries in septic shock by nosocomial pathogens under intensive care were investigated. A combined antimicrobial therapy at the recommended empirical dose regimen vancomycin-piperacillin was prescribed on the basis of renal function. Characteristics of population of patients investigated, means/SD were: 40.9±17.5 yrs, 70.1±11.5 kg, 33.6±20.7% total burn surface area (TBSA). Normal renal function was registered in 37/42 patients against 5/42 of them with renal failure. Thermal/electrical injuries occur in 39/3, and inhalation injury were in 25 of them. A serial of 2-3 blood samples were obtained from venous catheter into vacuum tubes (sodium EDTA); after centrifugation (2800g) plasma samples were obtained for drug plasma monitoring; both analytes, vancomycin and piperacillin were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetics investigation based on one compartment open model was performed. PK/PD analysis was done to determine antimicrobial effectiveness against nosocomial pathogens isolated. Recommended drug effectiveness index was AUCss 0-24/MIC > 400 for vancomycin and 70%fΔT>MIC for piperacillin. Results: Pharmacokinetics for both antimicrobials investigated showed to be altered in a different extension for vancomycin and piperacillin in burn patients with normal renal function by comparison with reference data reported in healthy adult volunteers. PK/PD analysis indicated that after the initial dose regimen 2g daily for patients with normal renal function, the vancomycin effectiveness occurs only for susceptible pathogens MIC 1mg/L, once drug effectiveness falls to 49% (18/37) against pathogens (MIC 2mg/L). Similarly, piperacillin effectiveness occurs just for susceptible pathogens MIC ≤ 4 mg/L in patients with normal renal function, once only 22/37 (60%) of patients reached the target MIC 16mg/L for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus spp. Conclusion: Vancomycin and piperacillin plasma monitoring indicated that the therapeutic target wasn´t reached with the empiric dose regimen recommended against nosocomial pathogens vancomycin susceptible (MIC>1mg/L) and piperacillin susceptible (MIC >4 mg/L) due to plasma levels lower than expected as a consequence of kinetic disposition altered for both antimicrobials.
Kalaoum, Jaqueline. "Avalia??o da vulnerabilidade de contamina??o do sistema de Aqu?feros do munic?pio de Queimados-RJ." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2222.
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AGEVAP
With the development and industrial expansion, protection of soil and groundwater has become a crucial factor to be addressed when we refer to environmental problems. Water resources come deserving special attention, especially with regard to vulnerability and risks of contamination. Currently there are several methodologies for verifying an aquifer vulnerability as well as an intensification of legislation protecting water resources against contamination. The methodology was tested extensively in Latin America GOD and in the Caribbean during the 90. This methodology is one of the most used due to simplicity and easy applicability. The number of industry grew considerably in the municipality of Burned, without a technical evaluation of soil use and occupation as well as the protection of groundwater. The objective of this work to assess the vulnerability to contamination of the aquifer system of the municipality of Queimados-RJ. The experimental area is located in the Industrial District of this municipality where they were registered 33 points of collections. The activities were carried out between October and February 2015 2016. Among the 33 registered points, seven points were from drilling, where occurred the chemical and physical analysis of lithological material, due to the particularity of the area own landfill material. It was found with the methodology which the area is classified as extreme vulnerability, with weight ranging from 0.7 to 0.8. In this situation, where the vulnerability is classified as extreme, the aquifer is vulnerable to many pollutants, with quick impact in many scenarios of contamination. The map of vulnerability of the aquifer has been associated with the current soil use and occupation, as well as discussed the history of the use of the area, noting the need for a strategic plan of protection of groundwater and soil use and occupation, since the industrial area is still expanding. The map of vulnerability of the aquifer was associated with the use and occupation of the soil, as well as current discussed the history of the area, noting the need for a strategic plan for the protection of groundwater as well as for the use and occupation of the soil, already that the industrial area is still expanding. From this study to evaluate the vulnerability can be elaborated contamination will be programs for the control and protection of underground water resources, guiding policies established by the managing bodies components.
Com o desenvolvimento e a expans?o industrial, a prote??o dos solos e ?guas subterr?neas tornou-se um fator crucial a ser abordado quando nos referimos aos problemas ambientais. Os recursos h?dricos v?m merecendo uma aten??o especial, principalmente no que diz respeito ? vulnerabilidade e aos riscos de contamina??o. Atualmente existem diversas metodologias para verificar a vulnerabilidade de um aqu?fero bem como uma intensifica??o da legisla??o protegendo os recursos h?dricos contra a contamina??o. A metodologia GOD foi amplamente testada na Am?rica Latina e no Caribe durante a d?cada de 90. Esta metodologia ? umas das mais utilizadas devido ? simplicidade e f?cil aplicabilidade. Os n?meros de ind?strias cresceram consideravelmente no munic?pio de Queimados, sem ocorrer uma avalia??o t?cnica de uso e ocupa??o do solo bem como a prote??o da ?gua subterr?nea. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a vulnerabilidade ? contamina??o do sistema de aqu?feros do munic?pio de Queimados-RJ. A ?rea experimental fica localizada no Distrito Industrial deste munic?pio, onde foram cadastrados trinta e tr?s pontos de coletas. As atividades foram realizadas entre Outubro de 2015 e Fevereiro de 2016. Entre os trinta e tr?s pontos cadastrados, sete pontos foram oriundos de perfura??o, onde ocorreu a an?lise qu?mica e f?sica do material litol?gico, devido ? particularidade da ?rea possuir material de aterro. Foi poss?vel constatar com a metodologia que a ?rea ? classificada como de extrema vulnerabilidade, com peso variando entre 0,7 a 0,8. Nesta situa??o, o aqu?fero ? vulner?vel a muitos poluentes, com r?pido impacto em muitos cen?rios de contamina??o. O mapa de Vulnerabilidade do aqu?fero foi associado com o uso e ocupa??o do solo atual, bem como discutido o hist?rico do uso da ?rea, verificando a necessidade de um plano estrat?gico de prote??o de ?gua subterr?nea bem como de uso e ocupa??o do solo, j? que a ?rea industrial continua expandindo. A partir deste estudo de avalia??o da vulnerabilidade ? contamina??o podem se elaborados programas de prote??o e controle dos recursos h?dricos subterr?neos, orientando pol?ticas estabelecidas pelos ?rg?os gestores componentes
Reis, Graça Regina Franco da Silva. "Por uma outra Epistemologia de Formação: Conversas sobre um Projeto de Formação de Professoras no Município de Queimados." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7938.
Full textThis thesis has its origin in the doctoral research Conversas entre professores: a prática como ponto de encontro, outra forma de pensar a formação e os currículos praticados carried out with Municipal Public School teachers in Queimados, Rio de Janeiro. The main purpose of this investigation is to envisage a Continuing Education Epistemology based on the classroom praxis and the exchange of teachers life experiences in professional and non-professional backgrounds, de-invisibilizing life and continuing education complexity. It also makes evident the importance of narratives for the comprehension of the process itself. Standing on a methodology/policy that embraces classroom life and teachers narratives about their own experiences inside and outside classrooms contexts, this work supports that life memories are a crucial element of self-formation likewise sharing such memories among peers. It considers the notion that public educational policies are not conceived apart from teachers daily practices. Instead, they are practices-policies woven from the clash among different groups with their own political convictions, therefore expressing their political values and objectives. This study also brings to light what has been stated about Continuing Education in official documents in Brazil and how the concepts in such documents have been understood and applied to teachers practices in Queimados. Presenting itself as counter-hegemonic practices-policies that de-invisibilize school life, this work shows public education policies as a daily, collective intertwined process of disputes, understanding that there are new ways to produce practices-policies of (self)formation which entangle teachers life stories
Camuci, Marcia Bernadete. "Carga de trabalho de enfermagem em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Queimados segundo o Nursing Activities Score." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, 2012. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000181552.
Full textThe study aimed at assessing the workload of the nursing staff in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a Burn Care Center from the Nursing Activities Score (NAS) at the University Hospital of Londrina. It was realized an exploratory, descriptive, crosssectional quantitative approach. Data collection occurred daily from October 2011 to May 2012. The units of analysis consisted of 50 medical records of all patients consecutively admitted in an ICU that develops assistance to burned patients. The patients had over 18 years old and they remained interned for a minimum of 24 hours. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire with demographic and clinical variables and by applying the NAS instrument containing 23 variables. After data collection, statistical procedures were realized to the descriptive analysis and qualitative variables were demonstrated through tables and graphs. To the quantitative variables were used calculations of statistical measures. To realize a comparative study between the variables it was applied a nonparametric test considering a significance level of 5%.Data were organized and stored in Excel 2007 spreadsheet and to unroll the analysis it was used the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS), version 19.0. The results showed a predominance of male patients (74%), the average age was 41,02 years, 12% of the patients had electrical burns and 88% of the patients had thermal burns, being 50% of these caused by liquid alcohol. The burns of third degree totaled 70%, the inhalation injury was present in 22% of the burned patients, 74% of the patients had discharged to wards, while 26% progressed to death. It was observed that household accidents were responsible for 64% of the burns, followed by working accidents (20%), homicide (10%) and suicide (6%). The average length of stay was of 24 days in an amount ranging between 2 and 97 days. In relation to nursing workload resulting from the application of NAS, it was obtained an average of 70,41%, with a minimum of 52,5% and a maximum of 97%, and a median of 70,33%, and these results identified that these patients needed an average of 16,9 hours of nursing care in a 24 hour period. Still, it was associated the NAS with the traditional sizing formula and this association revealed that 28 employees are required to ICU that develops assistance to burned patients and according to COFEN Resolution 293/2004, 15 of these employees must be nurses (52%) to compose the four nursing teams. Thus, it was concluded that there is a heavy workload for the nursing team in this sector.
Cabulon, Elisana Agatha Iakmiu Camargo. "Qualidade de vida dos usuários do ambulatório de um centro de tratamento de queimados do sul do Brasil." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, 2013. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000189092.
Full textThis study aimed to analyze the quality of life (QOL) users in an outpatient Burn Treatment Centre in Southern Brazil. To cover all objectives, we carried out a survey of quantitative and qualitative approach. The quantitative method, characterized as analytical cross-sectional, included the most specific goals. For this, it applied a form with open and closed questions on socio demographic (gender, age, place of residence, education, marital status and residence, occupation, type of work, income and level of dependency within the family); history morbidity due to burn (length of stay hospital admission and discharged, total burned surface area - TBSA, degree, type and environment of trauma, presence of inhalation injury, surgeries, presence of sequelae and symptoms that cause discomfort, degree of dependence daily activities, care provided, presence and type of support received) and scale "Burn Specific Health Scale" (BSHS-R). The responses were compiled using Microsoft Office Excel® 2003 and transported to the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19.0. The evaluation of QOL were submitted to statistical descriptive, analytical, working with the scores obtained for each patient for each area of the BSHS-R and with the correlation between sociodemographic variables and history of morbidity due to burn, being applied the Kruskal-Wallis Test. It also used the Fisher Exact Test and Linear by Linear Test to find associations between the degree of dependence in daily activities and functional sequelae among themselves and the correlation between sociodemographic variables and relating to the physical, emotional and social issues that involve the rehabilitation process morbidity history. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. A qualitative approach was used to rescue the users' opinion on care received through exploratory interview . The responses recorded were analyzed using Content Analysis of Bardin . The population consisted of 107 patients seen between July 2012 and January 2013 after discharge. The results revealed that the majority of participants were male (59.0%), between 20-49 years (66.0%) and after the burn only 27.0% returned to work. The BSHS-R domains most affected were the skin sensitivity, work and affect and body image. QOL was significantly affected by gender, age, occupation, place of residence, family income, TBSA, length of stay hospital admission and environment of trauma. The sequel functional significantly affect the individual with burns over 20% TBSA. Furthermore, the degree of dependency for daily activities was associated with low income, lack of employment after the trauma, the TBSA above 20 % and functional sequelae. 'Process of Care' and 'Interpersonal Relationships' were the 'Units of Meaning' most cited in the opinion of the users considered the service quality and valued the expertise of professionals mainly during hospitalization. The nurse and the other members of the multidisciplinary team should know the different health needs of the individual burned during their rehabilitation process to ensure broad support to improve their QOL.
Medeiros, Leticia Galery. "Transtorno de estresse pós-traumático em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2870.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Há um crescente interesse no estudo das conseqüências emocionais de pacientes vítimas de queimaduras. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença do Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático, depressão e ansiedade em pacientes vítimas de queimaduras internados no Hospital Municipal de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre (RS, Brasil). Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto ao TEPT, utilizando-se o Screen for Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms (SPTSS) e quanto à ansiedade e à depressão, através do Inventário Beck de Ansiedade e Depressão, respectivamente. Os resultados demonstraram que a prevalência do TEPT, ansiedade e depressão entre as vítimas de queimaduras estão dentro dos parâmetros encontrados na literatura. Estes achados indicam que esta população merece mais atenção, com o propósito de se definirem tratamentos específicos para a prevenção do Transtorno
Bragatto, Michel Silveira. "Monitoramento terapêutico de fluconazol com suporte farmacocinético em pacientes grandes queimados com internação prolongada para controle das infecções fúngicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-05042013-100026/.
Full textThe sepsis is a main cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients, once pharmacokinetics of anti-infective drugs prescribed for the control of systemic infections are significantly altered in those patients. In addition, burn patients in the ICU, initially can present infections by community microbial and must receive different antimicrobials than those prescribed for sepsis. On the other hand, burn immunocompromized patients with prolonged staying in the ICU, re-incidence of sepsis and fungal infection requires an effective antifungal agent that must be associated to the antimicrobials prescription. The objective of the study was to therapeutic plasma monitoring of fluconazole largely prescribed to burn patients from the ICU with fungal infection, Pharmacokinetic modeling for dose adjustment and for the control of infection. Twelve burn inpatients with systemic fungal infections from the ICU Burns- Division of Plastic Surgery of Clinics Hospital Medical School University of Sao Paulo received systemically antimicrobials/ antifungal agents. In general burn patients received several antimicrobial agents as recommended by the Control of Hospital Infection Committee as empirical dose at the beginning of therapy and also afterwards in the ICU. The control of infections by community microbial or yet by hospital microbial, and also for fungal infection, was performed by drug plasma after blood sample collection at the peak and at the trough. Complementary, usually by clinical criteria, six blood sample collections were performed at time dose interval (end of drug infusion 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and at the trough) for pharmacokinetic purposes, dose adjustment and individualization of drug therapy for burn patients. Blood sample collection was done by the physician from the ICU by venous catheter (2mL/each into blood collection tubes sodium EDTA); plasma obtained by centrifugation of blood tubes were analyzed in the same day or in a deep freezer to storage (-80° C) until assay. Bioanalytical method reported previously was re-validated as recommended by good laboratory practices (GLP). Parameters as linearity, sensitivity, precision and accuracy, recovery and stability, specificity and selectivity were determined for all drugs investigated to guaranteed drug plasma measurements during the pharmacotherapeutic follow up in the ICU. Descriptive statistics was performed by applying the software GraphPad Instat 4.0., GraphPad Prism 4.0 non parametric tests. Pharmacokinetics was estimated by applying the software NonCompartmental Analysis, PK Solutions 2.0, to data (C vs T) for each antimicrobial agent. Burn patients included in the protocol were of both genders 8M/4F, 46.8+/- 20.6 yrs, 69.9+/- 11.5 kg, 38.8+/-24.0% TBSA; agents of the accident were fire/ alcohol for 10 patients and electrical trauma for two patients; inhalation injury were described for 50% of patients with fire. High pharmacokinetic variability was registered for the antifungal agent investigated. In addition, significant changes on pharmacokinetic parameters were described for fluconazole for burn patients with dialytic renal dysfunction compared to those with renal function preserved. Bioanalytical methods validated with basis on good laboratory practices (GLP), recommended by the national and international guidelines were adequate for drug plasma monitoring by liquid chromatography, UV detection. High pharmacokinetic variability was obtained for fluconazol. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that PK modeling of antimicrobial is an important tool for the control of severe systemic fungal infection in burn patients.
Rodrigues, Antonio Carlos Iglesias. "Estudo e projeto de novos cestos com boro para o armazenamento de elementos combustíveis queimados do reator IEA-R1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-16092016-115614/.
Full textThe IEA-R1 research reactor on business under the 40 h weekly to the power of 4.5 MW. Under these conditions, the racks available for the storage of spent fuel elements have less than half of its initial capacity. Thus, in these operating conditions, we will have only about six years of capacity for storage. Whereas the desired service life of the IEA-R1 is at least another 20 years it will be necessary to increase the storage capacity of spent fuel. Dr. Henrik Grahn, an expert of the International Atomic Energy Agency on the wet storage (in storage pools), to visit the IEA-R1 reactor (September/2012) made some recommendations. Among them, the design and installation of baskets made of borated stainless steel and internally lined with an aluminum film, so that corrosion of the fuel elements does not occur. After a literature review of material options available for this type of use, we got to BoralcanTM manufactured by 3M due to its properties. This work presents studies on the criticality analysis with the computer code MCNP-5 using two American libraries of the Evaluated Nuclear Data (ENDF/B-VI and ENDF/BVII), and compare results based on each database. These analyzes demonstrated the possibility of doubling the storage capacity of fuel elements in the same space occupied by the current baskets, meeting the demand of the IEA-R1 research reactor and also meeting the security requirements and of the National Commission of Nuclear Energy (CNEN) and of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
Duarte, Daniele Walter. "O impacto das lesões intencionais na sobrevida de pacientes queimados : análise de uma coorte histórica no sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/96223.
Full textBackground: We can divide intentional burns in self-inflicted injuries and injuries resulted from assaults. There are few studies addressing this issue in Latin countries including Brazil, most of them mainly considering self-inflicted burns. There is consensus among the authors that these patients experience extensive injuries with excess of morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, there are contradictory reports if these patients have worse outcomes than expected, when injury severity and other preexistent clinical and psychiatric comorbidities are taken into account in analysis. Understanding how these injuries impact on mortality and estimating its occurrence can be worthy in planning adequate treatment for these patients. Moreover, analyzing the risk factors for these injuries may help in guiding preventive efforts. This study aims to compare self-inflicted injuries and injuries from assaults with accidental injuries concerning the main associated factors and survival controlling for confounders. Methods: In order to investigate these issues, we proceeded with a ten-year retrospective review on all consecutive burn patients treated from 1 January 2003 until 31 December 2012 at the Burn Care Unit of Hospital de Pronto Socorro in Porto Alegre, a reference for burn care in southern Brazil. Survival was compared by means of a multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio model. Results: 1,734 patients met inclusion criteria, 87.7% accidental, 6.6% self-inflicted and 5.8% from aggression. Self-inflicted burns and burns from aggressions resulted in significantly severer injuries, with longer length of hospital stay (median of 23 and 17 days versus 11 days, p< 0.001) and higher mortality (40.4% and 25.7% versus 8.8%, p<0.001) comparing to accidental injuries. Self-inflicted injuries and aggression were both associated with drug abuse (35.1% and 53.5% p<0.001) and self-inflicted injuries were associated with psychiatric disorders (50%, p=0.004). After multivariable Cox Regression Analysis controlling for confounders, self-inflicted injuries correlated significantly with a decrease in survival (HR= 1.59, p= 0.03). We found no higher risk of death among burns from assaults after controlled analysis. Conclusions: Our findings identify self-inflicted injuries as an independent predictor of death in burn patients. Although the explanation to this result remain to be investigated, many biological and social factors may concur to explain this outcome. Posttraumatic stress, worsening of depressive symptoms and a negative countertransference of the health care team with these patients are some to be considered. Finally, considering the worse outcomes associated to the intentional injuries, we highlight the importance of treating the main associated risk factors for these injuries, such as drug abuse and other psychiatric disorders, in orders to lower its occurrence.
Martins, Caroline Lemos. "Acidentes de trabalho por queimaduras no olhar dos trabalhadores atendidos em um centro de referência em assistência a queimados." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1875.
Full textWorking environments have different aspects that can result in the occurrence of accidents by burns. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, which aimed to know the workers' view in relation to situations where the accidents by burn occurred. Participated in this study adult subjects who suffered burns at work and were treated at the Burn Care Reference Center of the Charity Association Santa Casa of Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from June to October 2012. The study was approved by the research ethics committee of the institution (protocol 004/2012). It was used an open interview with a single guiding question: "How did occur your work accident by burn?". To operationalize the technique and process the data collected, the results were subjected to content analysis, and it was used as a theoretical model, the Betty Neuman Systems. Participated on the study six men aged between 21 and 40 years, almost all married, with children and high school graduates. Regarding the occupations, the workers developed activities as a welder, electrician, furnace operator, truck driver and baker. Content analysis of the interviews allowed the identification of three categories: "Safe conditions in work environment," "Defying permanent risks in the workplace" and "Situations of risk at the time of the accident." In the first category, the subjects revealed several situations considered safe in performing work activities, for example, training to perform work activities, use of PPEs appropriate to the risks, adhesion to routines and safety standards, interpersonal care and the presence of worker health professionals in the workplace - situations that emerge as important elements in the quest for protection of the worker system. In the second category, it was identified, through the participants' testimonies, the permanent presence of risks in the workplace. The risks were related to lack of training of some subjects, informal employment link, absence or ineffectiveness of the use of protection equipment, characteristics of work environments, handling high temperatures, presence of old and / or restored gear, long work hours and the development of activities in constant stress. These may have contributed to the imbalance of the system of workers' protection and the occurrence of accidents. In the third category, human error and equipment failure accounted for two important things for the disturbance of psychological, physiological and socio-cultural variables, and of workers' development. Situations that may have favored the instability of the relation worker - work process and the occurrence of work accidents by burning. In the present study, it was found that the accidents by burning occurred due to the exposure of subjects to various situations / stressors in the workplace, and happened mainly, in a context of pressure caused by equipment failure and human error.
Os ambientes de trabalho possuem diversos aspectos que podem resultar na ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho por queimaduras. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório que teve como objetivo conhecer o olhar dos trabalhadores em relação às situações em que ocorreram os acidentes de trabalho por queimaduras. Participaram desse estudo sujeitos adultos que sofreram queimaduras em ambiente laboral e foram atendidos no Centro de Referência em Assistência a Queimados da Associação de Caridade Santa Casa do Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, no período de junho a outubro de 2012. Aprovado pelo comitê de ética em pesquisa da referida instituição (protocolo 004/2012). Foi utilizada entrevista aberta com uma única questão norteadora: Como ocorreu o seu acidente de trabalho por queimadura? . Para operacionalizar a técnica e tratar os dados coletados, os resultados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo e como referencial teórico foi utilizado o Modelo de Sistemas de Betty Neuman. Participaram do estudo seis homens com idades entre 21 e 40 anos, quase todos casados, com filhos e com segundo grau completo. Em relação às ocupações, os trabalhadores desenvolviam atividades como soldador, eletricista, operador de fornalha, motorista de caminhão e padeiro. A análise de conteúdo das entrevistas permitiu a identificação de três categorias: Condições seguras no ambiente de trabalho ; Desafiando os riscos permanentes no ambiente de trabalho e Situações de risco no momento do acidente . Na primeira categoria, os sujeitos revelaram diversas situações consideradas seguras na realização das atividades laborais, por exemplo, o treinamento para realização das atividades laborais, uso dos EPIs adequados aos riscos, adesão às rotinas e normas de segurança, cuidado interpessoal e presença de profissionais de saúde do trabalhador no ambiente de trabalho - situações que se configuram como elementos importantes na busca pela proteção do sistema do trabalhador. Na segunda categoria, identificou-se, através dos depoimentos dos participantes, a presença de riscos permanentes no ambiente de trabalho. Os riscos estavam relacionados à falta de treinamento de alguns sujeitos, vínculo de trabalho informal, ausência ou ineficácia do uso dos equipamentos de proteção, características dos ambientes de atuação, manipulação de altas temperaturas, presença de equipamentos antigos e/ou restaurados, longas jornadas de trabalho e o desenvolvimento de atividades em constante estresse. Esses podem ter contribuído para o desequilíbrio do sistema de proteção dos trabalhadores e a ocorrência dos acidentes de trabalho. Na terceira categoria, a falha humana e a falha de equipamentos representaram duas situações importantes para a perturbação das variáveis psicológicas, fisiológicas, socioculturais e de desenvolvimento dos trabalhadores. Situações que podem ter favorecido a instabilidade da relação trabalhador - processo de trabalho e a ocorrência dos acidentes de trabalho por queimadura. No presente estudo, foi possível identificar que os acidentes de trabalho por queimadura ocorreram devido à exposição dos sujeitos a diversas situações/estressores no ambiente de trabalho e deram-se, principalmente, em um contexto de pressão, ocasionados pela falha dos equipamentos e pela falha humana.
Santos, Maria Carla Barreto. "Avaliação da contaminação por metais em solos impactados pela disposição de rejeitos industriais: estudo de caso – CENTRES (Queimados, RJ)." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/4595.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ
O Centro Tecnológico de Resíduos (CENTRES) é um exemplo de passivo ambiental localizado no município de Queimados, RJ. Neste local, toneladas de resíduos industriais foram armazenadas sem nenhum critério ou fiscalização. Os recipientes contendo rejeitos químicos sofreram vazamentos e ocasionaram o contato de metais tóxicos com o solo. Metais tóxicos no solo associam-se a diversos componentes orgânicos e inorgânicos, apresentando-se em diversas formas químicas que podem interferir na mobilidade destes metais no solo Este estudo visa observar a presença e a mobilidade dos metais Cádmio, Cromo, Cobre, Níquel, Chumbo e Zinco no solo do CENTRES. Para tal foram realizadas análises de caracterização do solo e extrações pseudototais e sequenciais em amostras de sete diferentes pontos da localidade mencionada. As análises físicas do solo foram realizadas segundo a metodologia da EMBRAPA (1997). As análises químicas para avaliação da concentração dos metais no solo e para fracionamento geoquímico foram realizadas com os métodos US EPA3051 e BCR, respectivamente. No método BCR as frações solúveis em ácido, redutível e oxidável, e residual são obtidas através de ataques químicos sucessivos. As análises de caracterização física mostraram um solo predominantemente franco-argiloarenoso, com pH variando entre 4,2 e 6,9 e baixa capacidade de troca de cátions. As análises de concentração de contaminantes mostraram solos com valores acima da recomendação sugerida pela Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB, 2005) e pela Resolução CONAMA (2009), com destaque para os pontos P5 e P6, que apresentaram altas concentrações de contaminantes. Dos sete pontos analisados, quatro estavam classificados como solos Classe 3 ou Classe 4 de acordo com CONAMA (2009), o que demonstra a gravidade da contaminação da área. O Fracionamento Geoquímico das amostras mostrou que em P1, P2, P5 e P6 os metais que apresentam maiores concentrações, encontram-se também na Fração Trocável do solo, ou seja, a Fração mais disponível ao ambiente. Em contrapartida, Zinco e Chumbo apresentaram altas concentrações na Fase Residual do solo.
Centro de Tecnológico de Resíduos (CENTRES) is an example of environmental liabilities in the town of Queimados, RJ. In this place, tons of industrial waste were stored without any discretion or supervision. The containers of chemical waste have suffered and caused leaks of toxic metals contact with the ground. Toxic metals in soil are associated with various organic and inorganic components, performing in various chemical forms that can interfere with the mobility of these metals in the soil. This study aims to observe the presence and mobility of metals Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead and zinc in soil from the center. For this analysis were performed to characterize the soil and pseudototais extractions and sequential samples from seven different points in the locality mentioned. The physical analysis of soil were performed using the methodology of EMBRAPA (1997). The chemical analysis to assess the concentration of metals in soil and geochemical fractionation methods were performed with the US EPA3051 and BCR, respectively. In BCR fractions soluble in acid, reducible and oxidizable, and residual are obtained by successive chemical attacks. The analysis of physical characterization showed a sandy-clay loam, with pH ranging between 4.2 and 6.9 and low cation exchange capacity. The analysis showed the concentration of contaminants in soil above the recommended values suggested by the Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB, 2005) and by CONAMA (2009), highlighting the points P5 and P6, which showed high concentrations of contaminants in area. Of the seven points analyzed, four were classified as Class 3 soils or Class 4 according to CONAMA (2009). The Geochemical fractionation of samples showed that in P1, P2, P5 and P6, the metals that have higher concentrations are also found in the exchangeable fraction of soil, the fraction most available to the environment. In contrast, zinc and lead concentrations were high in Residual Phase soil.
RODRIGUES, ANTONIO C. I. "Estudo e projeto de novos cestos com boro para o armazenamento de elementos combustíveis queimados do reator IEA-R1." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26823.
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O reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 opera em regime de 40 h semanais à potência de 4,5 MW. Nestas condições, os cestos disponíveis para o armazenamento dos elementos combustíveis irradiados possuem menos de metade da sua capacidade inicial. Assim, nestas condições de operação, teremos apenas cerca de seis anos de capacidade para armazenamento. Considerando que a vida útil desejada do IEA-R1 seja de pelo menos mais 20 anos, será necessário aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento de combustível irradiado. Dr. Henrik Grahn, especialista da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica sobre o armazenamento molhado (em piscinas de estocagem), ao visitar o reator IEA-R1 (setembro/2012) fez algumas recomendações. Entre elas, a concepção e instalação de cestos fabricados com aço inoxidável borado e internamente revestidos com uma película de alumínio, de modo que a corrosão dos elementos combustíveis não ocorresse. Após uma revisão da literatura sobre opções de materiais disponíveis para esse tipo de aplicação chegamos ao BoralcanTM fabricado pela 3M devido suas propriedades. Este trabalho apresenta estudos sobre a análise de criticalidade com o código computacional MCNP-5 utilizando duas bibliotecas americanas de dados nucleares avaliados (ENDF/B-VI e ENDF/B-VII) comparativamente. Estas análises demonstraram a possibilidade de dobrar a capacidade de armazenamento de elementos combustíveis, no mesmo espaço ocupado pelos cestos atuais, atendendo a demanda do reator de pesquisas IEA-R1 e também satisfazendo os requisitos de segurança da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN) e da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (IAEA).
Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Bertoluci, Daniele Ferreira de Faria. "Uso da vancomicina nas infecções por \'Staphylococcus aureus\' e epidermides em pacientes queimados: monitoramento das concentrações plasmáticas após infusão intermitente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-13092007-100702/.
Full textNosocomial infections shows high incidence in burn patient, and approximately 80% of mortality of them is due to severe infections and sepse. High prevalence of methycilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) occurs in the intensive care units for burn patients and vancomycin is largely prescribed as first choice drug for severe infections and sepse. In general occurs therapeutic fail, since the pharmacokinetics is altered in these patients and arise the antimicrobial resistance. The main of the present study was to perform therapeutic plasma vancomycin monitoring by HPLC-UV and also PK- modelling after 1g every 12 hours, 1 hour infusion. Bioanalitical method was validated showing good linearity, precision, accuracy, good stability and robustness. Additionally method required 200µL of plasma and showed sensitivity enough for vancomycin plasma monitoring. Nine large burn patients were included in the study after they signed the informed written consent term to participate of the protocol. The follow up was done after debridment surgery. Blood samples were collected from venous catheter at time dose interval to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK solutions 2.0) and also to determine the peak and trough. Descriptive statistics was performed applying Microsoft Excell, Office for Windows, versão 2000. Data obtained were 16 mg/L±11 peak (reference 20-40mg/L) and 2.6 mg/L±1.5 trough that was lower than MEC since the reference ranges from 5 to 10mg/L). Pharmacokinetic parameters were volume apparent of distribution, that was increased by 3.5 times (1.4 L/Kg ± 0,8 against the reference values 0.33-0.45L/kg), plasma clearance was also increased by 2.5 times (3.2±1.7mL/min.kg versus 1.3 - 1.5mL/min.kg, reference values), while elimination rate constant and biological half-life remained unchanged in those patients. Based on data obtained in the study, author recommends a revision on dose schedule and also concerning intravenous drug infusion using the pharmacokinetics as a powerful tool and the therapeutic plasma vancomycin monitoring for dose adjustments in all phases of the follow up of burn patient, mainly after each surgery debridement.
Macedo, Vedilaine Aparecida Bueno da Silva. "Abordagem farmacocinética/farmacodinâmica (PK/PD) da vancomicina no controle da sepse por patógenos gram-positivos em pacientes queimados críticos pediátricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-06122017-111756/.
Full textINTRODUCTION- OBJECTIVE: Vancomycin is a first choice glycopeptide largely prescribed to critically ill adult or pediatric patients under therapy of severe infections caused by gram-positive susceptible nosocomial strains. Burn patients have metabolic conditions that change the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in the treatment of severe infections. Pediatric patients are even more complicated because pharmacokinetic changes are quite different compared to adults, then effective vancomycin dose regimen is a challenge to clinic staff, once the initial dose recommended cannot reach the target against MIC ≥ 1 mg/L strains. Then therapeutic fail with impact on desired outcome. Therefore the rational of study was to apply therapeutic drug plasma monitoring (TDM) in order to identify the pharmacokinetic changes that occur in paediatric burns through PK/PD approach to perform in a real time the dose adjustment required. METHODS - CASUISTRY: Twenty septic burn pediatric patients was investigated after the admission in the Intensive Care Unit of Burns (ICBU) Plastic Surgery Division of HCFMUSP. Vancomycin empiric dose regimen recommended was prescribed 500mg every 6 hours, and patients received one hour drug infusion. Blood sampling was performed after drug infusion at time dose interval (1.5 mL/tube, sodium EDTA): 2nd or 3rd h, 4th, and before the next dose. Vancomycin was quantified by liquid chromatography (LC). Pharmacokinetics was investigated on the basis on one compartment open model by Noncompartmental Data Analysis PK Solutions v 2.0, software. PK/PD approach was based on the ratio of area under the plasma concentration - time curve (AUCss0-24) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) performed by GraphPad Prism v 5.0 software. The predictive index of drug effectiveness recommended was ASCss0-24/CIM>400. Statistics also was performed through by GraphPad Prism v 5.0 software by application of parametric tests to demographic data and also to laboratorial data (ANOVA, Student T test). Nonparametric statistics was applied related to dose, drug plasma measurements and AUC, kinetic data, data related to drug effectiveness (Mann Whitney). Statistical significant difference was considered, alpha lower than 0,05 (P<0,05). RESULTS -CONCLUSION: It was shown that the therapeutic target was reached to 85% (17/20) patients with the empiric daily dose of vancomycin (44-51) mg/kg, median (quartiles, IQ25-75) only for susceptible strains (MIC≤1mg/L). Then, changes of the prescription occurred in a real time and the daily dose was increased to 94 (85-104) mg/kg, p<0.05. New blood sampling was done at the steady state for TDM, PK and PK/PD approach and the target was reached for all patients MIC 1 mg/L strains; while the target was reached only 5/20 patients against MIC: 2mg/L susceptible strains, and none patient reached the target against MIC 4mg/L strains. It was shown that the drug effectiveness wasn\'t guaranteed by the vancomycin dose regimen recommended for the treatment of sepsis caused by nosocomial MIC≥1mg/L strains. In conclusion, TDM, pharmacokinetic study and PK/PD approach must be considered important tools do change vancomycin prescription in a real time in order to optimize the antimicrobial treatment of septic shock caused by nosocomial pathogens.
Silva, Lais Magalhães Carvalho Santos. "Aspectos epidemiológicos de síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo em unidade de terapia intensiva de um centro de tratamento de queimados." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências da Saúde. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000194433.
Full textBackground: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease with heterogeneous pathological mechanisms that affects critically ill patients and is associated with high mortality and costs of treatment. Burns are tissue injuries caused by a variety of agents that induce a systemic inflammatory reaction. ARDS can be a complication of burns and worsen patients prognosis. Objectives: To evaluate epidemiological aspects of ARDS in adult critically ill patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) in a burn unit of a University Hospital. Methods: Prospective cohort study in a specialized ICU in the burn unit of University Hospital of North Paraná State during January to December 2012. Data were collected from patients hospital records and the burn unit database. We collected demographics, diagnostics, prognostic scores, burn etiology, extension and depth data in patients admitted to the ICU. We also registered data about risk factors to develop ARDS and to death. Data were analyzed with MedCalc 9.3.2.0 and SPSS 21.0. We considered 5% as significance level. Results: 85 patients were studied. They were 71.8% male, 41.7 (SD = 15.7) years old with 28.3% (DP = 19.1%) total body surface area burn and 35.3% had inhalation injury. Most of the patients had burn caused by fire and alcohol was the most common accelerating agent. Invasive ventilator support was used in 51.8% patients during ICU stay. ARDS was diagnosed in 63.6% patients using invasive mechanical ventilation. Multivariate analysis showed inhalation injury (PRadj = 1.233; CI 95% = 1.032 1.474; P = 0.021) as independent risk factor to develop ARDS. ICU mortality was higher for ARDS patients (71.4%) compared to non-ARDS patients (19.3%, P < 0,001). Multivariate analysis showed total burned surface area (PRadj = 1.005; CI 95% = 1.001 1.008; P = 0.006) as independent risk factor to death. Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) resulted in an area under the ROC curve of 0.900. Conclusions: ARDS is a common complication in burn patients admitted to a specialized ICU. Inhalation injury was a predisposing factor to develop ARDS. Mortality observed in the present study is high and probably multifactorial. ABSI score had the highest discrimination power to predict non-survivals.
Campos, Edvaldo Vieira de. "Uso de banco de dados para caracterização de pacientes queimados internados em unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital acadêmico terciário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5165/tde-11052017-162206/.
Full textIntroduction: Patients with large total burn surface area (TBSA) are critically ill and need support in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, the characteristics of burn patients who require ICU admission are scarce in the literature. Objective: To characterize the patients from an epidemiological point of view and clinical outcomes who were admitted to a burn ICU, defining the factors associated with mortality and morbidity. Methods: From a database collected prospectively, informations from patients older than 16 years with hospital admissions for burns and admitted to the ICU during a period of 60 months were collected. We collected epidemiological and clinical data regarding the Intensive care support in the first seven days in the ICU, the fourteenth, twentyfirst and twenty-eighth day of ICU hospitalization if the patient still remained hospitalized in the unit. Results: One-hundred sixty-three patients were included. The hospital mortality was 42%. The median hospital stay was 29 [11, 50] days, the age was 34 [25.47] years, the TBSA was 29 [18.43]% and the SAPS 3 was 41 [34, 54]. Lethal burn area at which fifty percent of patients died (LA50%) was 36.5%. The value of total SOFA score was higher in nonsurvivors at all timepoints analyzed compared with survivors. The median maximum value of the total SOFA score came at an early stage and on the second day of hospitalization for survivors and fourth day for non-survivors. The area under the ROC curve of the total SOFA score was 0.887 and the respiratory components, cardiovascular, renal, hematologic, hepatic and neurological were respectively 0.814, 0.811, 0.738, 0.738, 0.526 and 0.569. We found a significant association between hospital mortality and SAPS3 [OR(95%CI) = 1.114(1.062-1.168)], TBSA [OR(95%CI) = 1.043(1.010-1.076)], suicide attempts [OR(95%CI) = 8.126(2.284-28.907)], and cumulative fluid balance per liter within the first week [OR(95%CI) = 1.090(1.030-1.154)]. Inhalation injury was present in 45% of patients, and it was not significantly associated with hospital mortality. Conclusions: The factors independently associated with mortality during admission were increased TBSA, suicide attempt and higher SAPS 3. A higher accumulative fluid balance within the first seven days after ICU admission was also independently associated with hospital mortality. The implementation of judicious fluid management after an acute resuscitation phase may help to improve outcomes in this scenario. The organ dysfunction is present early in burn patients. Respiratory, cardiovascular, renal and hematological dysfunctions are associated with a higher mortality in this population. Thus, efforts should be targeted for early detection and intervention in organ dysfunction
Machado, Anna Silva. "O impacto do monitoramento terapêutico de antimicrobianos sobre o tratamento e mortalidade intra-hospitalar de pacientes em uma UTI de queimados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-04112016-152417/.
Full textIntroduction: In critical patients, such as burn patients, pharmacokinetic parameters (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) of many classes of drugs, including antibiotics, are altered. The aim of this study was to compare two groups of burned patients under treatment for healthcare associated infections with and without therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) based on PK/PD modeling. Methods: A comparative study was conducted with patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia, burn infection, bloodstream infection and urinary tract infection in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of a tertiary-care hospital. These patients were divided into two groups: 1) those admitted from May 2005 to October 2008 who received conventional antimicrobial dose regimen; and 2) those admitted from November 2008 to June, 2011 who received antibiotics with doses adjusted according to plasma monitoring and pharmacokinetics modeling. General characteristics of the groups were analyzed and clinical outcomes, 14-day and in-hospital mortality. Results: 63 patients formed the conventional treatment group and 77 the monitored treatment group. The groups were very homogeneous. Improvement occurred in 56% of the patients under monitored treatment and the in-hospital mortality was similar between groups. In the final multivariate models, variables significantly associated with in-hospital mortality were total burn surface area (TBSA) > 30%, older age and male sex. Treatment group did not affect the prognosis. Conclusions: TDM for antimicrobial treatment did not alter the prognosis of burn patients. More trials are needed to support the use of TDM to optimize treatment in burn patients