Relevant bibliographies by topics / Question-answer

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Question-answer'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Question-answer"

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Bhatia, Rahul, Vishakha Gautam, and Yash Kumar Ankush Garg. "Dynamic Question Answer Generator: An Enhanced Approach to Question Generation." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (2019): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23730.

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Trerotola, Scott O. "Question and Answer." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8, no. 1 (1997): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70519-0.

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Vesely, Thomas. "Question and Answer." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8, no. 2 (1997): 225–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70545-1.

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Redman, Helen C. "Question and Answer." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 8, no. 2 (1997): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1051-0443(97)70546-3.

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Seiden, Joshua. "Question and answer." Interactions 9, no. 1 (2002): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/503355.503362.

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Mitchell, Katie, Noel Witts, Alan Lyddiard, Sharon Watson, Richard Gregory, and Henry Smith. "Answer the Question." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 1, no. 2 (2010): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2010.507039.

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McCaw, Dick. "Answer the Question." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 2, no. 2 (2011): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2011.615552.

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Lee, Tina Ellen, Alex Murdoch, Tim Etchells, et al. "Answer the Question." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 4, no. 1 (2013): 115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2013.774794.

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Anderson, Joel, Kane Husbands, Rachel Cockburn, and Mark Evans. "Answer the Question." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 6, no. 1 (2015): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2015.1014218.

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Craddock, Kate, and Misri Dey. "Answer the Question." Theatre, Dance and Performance Training 8, no. 1 (2017): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443927.2017.1275206.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Question-answer"

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Kasimir, Elke. "Question-answer test and givenness : some question marks." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2006/869/.

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In order to investigate the empirical properties of focus, it is necessary to diagnose focus (or: "what is focused") in particular linguistic examples. <br>It is often taken for granted that the application of one single diagnostic tool, the so-called question-answer test, which roughly says that whatever a question asks for is focused in the answer, is a fool-proof test for focus. <br>This paper investigates one example class where such uncritical belief in the question-answer test has led to the assumption of rather complex focus projection rules: in these examples, pitch accent placement has been claimed to depend on certain parts of the focused constituents being given or not. <br>It is demonstrated that such focus projection rules are unnecessarily complex and in turn require the assumption of unnecessarily complicated meaning rules, not to speak of the difficulties to give a precise semantic/pragmatic definition of the allegedly involved givenness property. <br>For the sake of the argument, an alternative analysis is put forward which relies solely on alternative sets following Mats Rooth's work, and avoids any recourse to givenness.<br> As it turns out, this alternative analysis is not only simpler but also makes in a critical case the better predictions.
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Muthmann, Klemens. "Community based Question Answer Detection." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144719.

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Each day, millions of people ask questions and search for answers on the World Wide Web. Due to this, the Internet has grown to a world wide database of questions and answers, accessible to almost everyone. Since this database is so huge, it is hard to find out whether a question has been answered or even asked before. As a consequence, users are asking the same questions again and again, producing a vicious circle of new content which hides the important information. One platform for questions and answers are Web forums, also known as discussion boards. They present discussions as item streams where each item contains the contribution of one author. These contributions contain questions and answers in human readable form. People use search engines to search for information on such platforms. However, current search engines are neither optimized to highlight individual questions and answers nor to show which questions are asked often and which ones are already answered. In order to close this gap, this thesis introduces the \\emph{Effingo} system. The Effingo system is intended to extract forums from around the Web and find question and answer items. It also needs to link equal questions and aggregate associated answers. That way it is possible to find out whether a question has been asked before and whether it has already been answered. Based on these information it is possible to derive the most urgent questions from the system, to determine which ones are new and which ones are discussed and answered frequently. As a result, users are prevented from creating useless discussions, thus reducing the server load and information overload for further searches. The first research area explored by this thesis is forum data extraction. The results from this area are intended be used to create a database of forum posts as large as possible. Furthermore, it uses question-answer detection in order to find out which forum items are questions and which ones are answers and, finally, topic detection to aggregate questions on the same topic as well as discover duplicate answers. These areas are either extended by Effingo, using forum specific features such as the user graph, forum item relations and forum link structure, or adapted as a means to cope with the specific problems created by user generated content. Such problems arise from poorly written and very short texts as well as from hidden or distributed information.
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Creek, Richard David. "Kant's Negative Answer to Molyneux's Question." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48429.

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While it has recently been argued that Kant's views about space in the Transcendental Aesthetic do not commit him to an affirmative answer to Molyneux's question, there has been very little attention given to the issue of what a Kantian negative answer would look like. The paper begins by defending the view that the arguments of the Aesthetic alone do not provide a direct answer to Molyneux's question. I will then argue that addressing Molyneux's question on Kant's behalf is much more complicated, requiring us to pay special attention to his views on the relationship between vision and touch, the specific sort of concepts that are relevant, and some issues involving the schemata for these concepts. To this end, I will examine the extent to which different considerations in each of these areas lead to radically different, competing answers to Molyneux's question. When difficulties surrounding both of these possible answers are examined, the modified framework that is left standing will support a negative answer.<br>Master of Arts
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Richards, Samuel. "Can Adam Smith Answer the Normative Question?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/131.

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In The Sources of Normativity, Christine Korsgaard argues that in order to avoid the threat of moral skepticism, our moral theories must show how the claims they make about the nature of our actions obligate us to act morally. A theory that can justify the normativity of morality in this way answers what Korsgaard calls “the normative question.” Although Korsgaard claims that only Kantian theories of morality, such as her own, can answer the normative question, I argue that Adam Smith’s sentimentalist moral theory, as presented in The Theory of Moral Sentiments, can answer the normative question as well. As a result, it is possible to respond to the moral skeptic in the way Korsgaard outlines without accepting some of the theoretical drawbacks of Korsgaard’s own moral theory.
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Pang, Po-yee Patricia, and 彭寶儀. "Institutional talk: question-answer sequencesin classroom interaction." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26839568.

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Mur, Jori. "Off-line answer extraction for question answering." [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.

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Cao, Haoliang. "Automating Question Generation Given the Correct Answer." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-287460.

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In this thesis, we propose an end-to-end deep learning model for a question generation task. Given a Wikipedia article written in English and a segment of text appearing in the article, the model can generate a simple question whose answer is the given text segment. The model is based on an encoder-decoder architecture. Our experiments show that a model with a fine-tuned BERT encoder and a self-attention decoder give the best performance. We also propose an evaluation metric for the question generation task, which evaluates both syntactic correctness and relevance of the generated questions. According to our analysis on sampled data, the new metric is found to give better evaluation compared to other popular metrics for sequence to sequence tasks.<br>I den här avhandlingen presenteras en djup neural nätverksmodell för en frågeställningsuppgift. Givet en Wikipediaartikel skriven på engelska och ett textsegment i artikeln kan modellen generera en enkel fråga vars svar är det givna textsegmentet. Modellen är baserad på en kodar-avkodararkitektur (encoderdecoder architecture). Våra experiment visar att en modell med en finjusterad BERT-kodare och en självuppmärksamhetsavkodare (self-attention decoder) ger bästa prestanda. Vi föreslår också en utvärderingsmetrik för frågeställningsuppgiften, som utvärderar både syntaktisk korrekthet och relevans för de genererade frågorna. Enligt vår analys av samplade data visar det sig att den nya metriken ger bättre utvärdering jämfört med andra populära metriker för utvärdering.
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Mohamed, Zaki Ali Mona. "Investigating data quality in question and answer reports." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/investigating-data-quality-in-question-and-answer-reports(169f4905-c73b-40e3-9203-f3cec05fa45f).html.

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Data Quality (DQ) has been a long-standing concern for a number of stakeholders in a variety of domains. It has become a critically important factor for the effectiveness of organisations and individuals. Previous work on DQ methodologies have mainly focused on either the analysis of structured data or the business-process level rather than analysing the data itself. Question and Answer Reports (QAR) are gaining momentum as a way to collect responses that can be used by data analysts, for instance, in business, education or healthcare. Various stakeholders benefit from QAR such as data brokers and data providers, and in order to effectively analyse and identify the common DQ problems in these reports, the various stakeholders' perspectives should be taken into account which adds another complexity for the analysis. This thesis investigates DQ in QAR through an in-depth DQ analysis and provide solutions that can highlight potential sources and causes of problems that result in "low-quality" collected data. The thesis proposes a DQ methodology that is appropriate for the context of QAR. The methodology consists of three modules: question analysis, medium analysis and answer analysis. In addition, a Question Design Support (QuDeS) framework is introduced to operationalise the proposed methodology through the automatic identification of DQ problems. The framework includes three components: question domain-independent profiling, question domain-dependent profiling and answers profiling. The proposed framework has been instantiated to address one example of DQ issues, namely Multi-Focal Question (MFQ). We introduce MFQ as a question with multiple requirements; it asks for multiple answers. QuDeS-MFQ (the implemented instance of QuDeS framework) has implemented two components of QuDeS for MFQ identification, these are question domain-independent profiling and question domain-dependent profiling. The proposed methodology and the framework are designed, implemented and evaluated in the context of the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) case study. The experiments show that we can identify MFQs with 90% accuracy. This thesis also demonstrates the challenges including the lack of domain resources for domain knowledge representation, such as domain ontology, the complexity and variability of the structure of QAR, as well as the variability and ambiguity of terminology and language expressions and understanding stakeholders or users need.
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Chen, Lin. "Recommending best answer in a collaborative question answering system." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30238/.

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The World Wide Web has become a medium for people to share information. People use Web-based collaborative tools such as question answering (QA) portals, blogs/forums, email and instant messaging to acquire information and to form online-based communities. In an online QA portal, a user asks a question and other users can provide answers based on their knowledge, with the question usually being answered by many users. It can become overwhelming and/or time/resource consuming for a user to read all of the answers provided for a given question. Thus, there exists a need for a mechanism to rank the provided answers so users can focus on only reading good quality answers. The majority of online QA systems use user feedback to rank users’ answers and the user who asked the question can decide on the best answer. Other users who didn’t participate in answering the question can also vote to determine the best answer. However, ranking the best answer via this collaborative method is time consuming and requires an ongoing continuous involvement of users to provide the needed feedback. The objective of this research is to discover a way to recommend the best answer as part of a ranked list of answers for a posted question automatically, without the need for user feedback. The proposed approach combines both a non-content-based reputation method and a content-based method to solve the problem of recommending the best answer to the user who posted the question. The non-content method assigns a score to each user which reflects the users’ reputation level in using the QA portal system. Each user is assigned two types of non-content-based reputations cores: a local reputation score and a global reputation score. The local reputation score plays an important role in deciding the reputation level of a user for the category in which the question is asked. The global reputation score indicates the prestige of a user across all of the categories in the QA system. Due to the possibility of user cheating, such as awarding the best answer to a friend regardless of the answer quality, a content-based method for determining the quality of a given answer is proposed, alongside the non-content-based reputation method. Answers for a question from different users are compared with an ideal (or expert) answer using traditional Information Retrieval and Natural Language Processing techniques. Each answer provided for a question is assigned a content score according to how well it matched the ideal answer. To evaluate the performance of the proposed methods, each recommended best answer is compared with the best answer determined by one of the most popular link analysis methods, Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search (HITS). The proposed methods are able to yield high accuracy, as shown by correlation scores: Kendall correlation and Spearman correlation. The reputation method outperforms the HITS method in terms of recommending the best answer. The inclusion of the reputation score with the content score improves the overall performance, which is measured through the use of Top-n match scores.
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Caldas, Miguel. "An answer to a question of David A. Rose." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96982.

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In 1984 David.A. Rose {3} asked the following question: When a surjection f : X →Y , is weak openness related to the condition Cl(f(U)) f(Cl(U)) for each open U X?. In this note we give an alternative answer to his question.
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Books on the topic "Question-answer"

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Question & answer. Polestar, 2003.

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Kids' question & answer book. Troll Associates, 1991.

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Dhammika, Shravasti. Good question, good answer. Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation, 1991.

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Guth, Jessica. Question & answer: Employment law. Pearson Education Limited, 2012.

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Pastor, answer this question. Companion Press, 1996.

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Farndon, John. Eyewitness question & answer book. Dorling Kindersley, 1993.

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Guth, Jessica. Question & answer: Employment law. Pearson Education Limited, 2012.

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Duddington, John. Land law: Question & answer. Pearson Longman, 2012.

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Herring, Jonathan. Family law: Question & answer. Pearson Longman, 2012.

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Bransby, Lu Ann. Man's question, God's answer. Whitaker House, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Question-answer"

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Williams, Kate. "Answer the question!" In Getting Critical. Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40252-3_10.

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Dragomir, Alexandru. "Question and Answer." In The World We Live In. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42854-3_2.

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Aghaebrahimian, Ahmad. "Quora Question Answer Dataset." In Text, Speech, and Dialogue. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64206-2_8.

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Kosseim, Leila, Luc Plamondon, and Luis Julien Guillemette. "Answer Formulation for Question-Answering." In Advances in Artificial Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44886-1_5.

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Cable, James. "One Answer to the Question." In Intervention at Abadan. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11913-4_12.

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Deshpande, Aditi, and Namrata Mahender. "Question Answer Based Chart Summarization." In Communications in Computer and Information Science. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9187-3_59.

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Machida, Kazuya, Tatsuya Ishigaki, Hayato Kobayashi, Hiroya Takamura, and Manabu Okumura. "Semi-supervised Extractive Question Summarization Using Question-Answer Pairs." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45442-5_32.

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Houser, Christine M. "General Cardiology Question and Answer Items." In Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9481-2_1.

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Houser, Christine M. "General Pulmonary Question and Answer Items." In Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology. Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-9481-2_3.

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Oh, Hyo-Jung, Chung-Hee Lee, Yeo-Chan Yoon, and Myung-Gil Jang. "Question Answering Based on Answer Trustworthiness." In Information Retrieval Technology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04769-5_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Question-answer"

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Krishna, Kalpesh, and Mohit Iyyer. "Generating Question-Answer Hierarchies." In Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1224.

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Zhang, Wenqiao, Siliang Tang, Yanpeng Cao, et al. "Photo Stream Question Answer." In MM '20: The 28th ACM International Conference on Multimedia. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3394171.3413745.

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A Johnston, Kevin. "The Answer is to Question." In 2003 Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2614.

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“What did you leam in school today, dear little boy of mine?” asked the lyrics of satirist Tom Paxton a generation ago. “I learned our government must be strong./ It's always right and never wrong..../ That's what I learned in school today.” (A full set of lyrics appears at the end of the paper). Should the role of our classrooms be to serve as dumping grounds for tired old theories, or as launching pads for unfettered inquiries into new exciting worlds? Should we continue to throw out theory and facts, and set answers, or should we embark on a never-ending quest for new questions and insights? On obtaining a degree or diploma, each student should know how to answer questions, but how many know how to ask questions? What would they say when asked “what did you learn in school today?”
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Jurczyk, Pawel, and Eugene Agichtein. "Hits on question answer portals." In the 30th annual international ACM SIGIR conference. ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1277741.1277938.

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P, Deepak. "MixKMeans: Clustering Question-Answer Archives." In Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d16-1164.

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Michael, Julian, Gabriel Stanovsky, Luheng He, Ido Dagan, and Luke Zettlemoyer. "Crowdsourcing Question-Answer Meaning Representations." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-2089.

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Ray, Lanny. "Wednesday Question and Answer Transcripts." In Workshop on Critical Examination of RHIC Paradigms. Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.111.0032.

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Trainor, Thomas A. "Thursday Question and Answer Transcripts." In Workshop on Critical Examination of RHIC Paradigms. Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.111.0033.

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Trainor, Thomas A. "Friday Question and Answer Transcripts." In Workshop on Critical Examination of RHIC Paradigms. Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.111.0034.

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Trainor, Thomas A. "Saturday Question and Answer Transcripts." In Workshop on Critical Examination of RHIC Paradigms. Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.111.0035.

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Reports on the topic "Question-answer"

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Adam, Taskeen, Tom Kaye, and Björn Haßler. The Maldives and Sri Lanka: Question & Answer Session. EdTech Hub, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53832/edtechhub.0018.

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Kwok, K. L., L. Grunfeld, N. Dinstl, and M. Chan. TREC2001 Question-Answer, Web and Cross Language Experiments Using PIRCS. Defense Technical Information Center, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada456272.

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Seybold, Patricia. Why CRM Is the Wrong Answer to the Wrong Question. Patricia Seybold Group, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp07-12-07cc.

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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of different corticosteroids to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0023.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different corticosteroids to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best preoperative option to control postoperative inflammatory complications? 2) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain, edema, and trismus induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).
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Canellas, Joao Vitor, Fabio Ritto, and Paul Tiwana. Comparative efficacy and safety of pharmacological interventions to reduce inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.7.0069.

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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compare the effects of different drugs to reduce postoperative inflammatory complications (pain, edema, and trismus) after mandibular third molar surgery by applying a frequentist network meta-analysis approach. To this end, the proposed study will answer the following questions: 1) Among diverse drugs currently available, which postoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient to reduce pain after mandibular third molar surgery? 2) Is the pre-emptive analgesia effective in reducing pain immediately after the mandibular third molar surgery? In this case, 3) Which preoperative pharmacological regimen is the most efficient? 4) Among diverse corticosteroids currently available, what is the best option to control the edema induced by the surgery? 5) What is the optimal dose and route of administration of corticosteroids prior to mandibular third molar surgery to control the pain/ edema induced by the surgery? Condition being studied: Inflammatory complications after mandibular third molar surgery (Pain, edema, and trismus).
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Herrera Dappe, Matías, Tomás Serebrisky, and Ancor Suárez-Alemán. On the Historical Relationship between Port (In)Efficiency and Transport Costs in the Developing World. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003326.

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Do differences in port performance explain differences in maritime transport costs? How much would improvements in port performance reduce maritime transport costs in developing countries? To answer this question, we use a widely used transport cost model, but we provide a new measure of port efficiency, estimated through a non-parametric approach. Relying on data from the early 2000s, this paper shows that for a sample of 115 container ports in 39 developing countries, becoming as efficient as the country with the most efficient port sector would reduce average maritime transport costs by 5 percent. For the most inefficient country, the reduction in transport costs could reach 15 percent. These findings point out the potential gains that can be achieved from the combination of betterquality investment and more efficient service provision in the port sector. The estimates in this paper cannot be updated because the databases were discontinued and it therefore highlights the need to generate data to evaluate the effectiveness of public policies that are key to competitiveness.
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MacDonald, Keir. COVID-19, Global Value Chains, and the Impact on Gender: Evidence from the Garment and Electronics Sectors in Asia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.074.

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This report analyses the impact of COVID-19 on women in the global garment and electronics value chains, with a focus on women working in production in Asia. Building on a previous K4D assessment of COVID-19 and its implications for global value chains (Quak, 2020), this report addresses the need to understand how COVID-19 specifically impacts women in global value chains. The report seeks to answer the question “how have male and female workers been affected differently by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly regarding employment and the ability to work differently?”. The review presented is based on existing evidence of the gendered impacts of COVID-19 on the garment and electronics value chains in Asia and draws on both academic and grey literature. At the time of research (March 2021), the evidence was relatively sparse, frequently relying on initial surveys completed early on in the pandemic. In addition, data disaggregated by gender is rare. Where these data are not available, our approach is to synthesise what we know about the impact of COVID-19 with what we know about the nature of gender in the garment and electronics sectors and to conclude the likely impacts of COVID-19 on gender.
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Niebler, Rebecca. Abfallwirtschaftliche Geschäftsmodelle für Textilien in der Circular Economy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627833.

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This master thesis explores the challenges for waste management business models in the field of textiles regarding the requirements of the circular economy, as well as improvement potentials in the current framework conditions. It is concerned with the research question: "Is it advisable to change the frame-work conditions at meso or macro level, with regard to business models for waste management companies in the textile sector that are oriented towards the requirements of the circular economy, and - if so - in what way?” The approach of the study is based on the delta analysis of the e Society for Institutional Analysis at the Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences. It compares the target state of the normative requirements with the actual state of the textile and waste management framework conditions and attempts to identify the gaps (the delta). Based on the delta, it develops approaches that are intended to help reduce the gaps. The thesis develops three business models for the target year 2025 in different areas: an exchange platform for sorters, recyclers and designers, an automatic sorting plant and a plant for fibre-to-fibre recycling of mixed materials. It is becoming clear that these business models cannot meet the target requirements for the circular economy. The analysis identifies the remaining gaps in the framework conditions as the main problem. For example, insufficient innovation impulses and the lack of competitiveness of secondary raw materials inhibit the actors from applying and using new technologies and business models. Restricted access to knowledge and information, as well as a lack of transparency between the actors, also prove to be problematic. In order to answer the research question, the study recommends altering the framework conditions at meso and macro level. It proposes a platform for cooperation between designers, the introduction of a material declaration system and an eco-design guideline for textiles as possible development options. In addition, this work offers a matrix of criteria to help the actors test and improve their new waste management business models regarding their suitability for the circular economy. The analysis is carried out from an outsider's perspective on the entire textile industry. It therefore cannot cover and deal with all aspects and individual circumstances of each player in detail. The necessary changes in the framework conditions that have been identified can therefore be used as a basis for further investigations.
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Havrlant, David, and Abdulelah Darandary. Economic Diversification under Saudi Vision 2030. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp06.

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The last decade has brought a row of substantial changes that have profound implications for the traditional hydrocarbon resource-rich economies. Economic conditions may change radically either throughout a decade or within months. The question is whether there is no other option for a hydrocarbon resource-rich economy than to be held hostage to the fluctuations in global oil prices. The general answer to a changing environment is: Adapt! From the macroeconomic perspective, this means diversifying the economy to broaden the income base and significantly reduce the dependence on oil revenues. The Saudi Vision 2030 represents a complex plan for substantial socioeconomic adjustments that are about to move the economy toward a more diversified and sustainable one. This discussion paper examines the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy in more detail, with a focus on the foreseen adjustments in the sectoral composition of the economy along with broader macroeconomic shifts. The evaluation of the foreseen diversification impacts is based on the updated Vision 2030 Input-Output Table that maps the changing structure of the Saudi economy over the coming decade. We discuss the assumed expansion of the diversification frontrunners, their changing contribution to the overall economic activity and identify the preferred diversification paths for the Saudi economy. The advances in economic diversification are measured by applying the Shannon-Weaver index to sectoral GDP and household income. The expected sectoral changes are wide-reaching, so the basic macroeconomic relations are also subject to adjustments. We also conduct a sensitivity analysis to examine the effects of the foreseen diversification on the resilience of the Saudi economy to external shocks.
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10

Ghanipoor Machiani, Sahar, Aryan Sohrabi, and Arash Jahangiri. Impact of Regular and Narrow AV-Exclusive Lanes on Manual Driver Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1922.

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This study attempts to answer the question of how a narrow (9-ft) lane dedicated to Automated Vehicles (AVs) would affect the behavior of drivers in the adjacent lane to the right. To this end, a custom driving simulator environment was designed mimicking the Interstate 15 smart corridor in San Diego. A group of participants was assigned to drive next to the simulated 9-ft narrow lane while a control group was assigned to drive next to a regular 12-ft AV lane. Driver behavior was analyzed by measuring the mean lane position, mean speed, and mental effort (self-reported/subjective measure). In addition to AV lane width, the experimental design took into consideration AV headway, gender, and right lane traffic to investigate possible interaction effects. The results showed no significant differences in the speed and mental effort of drivers while indicating significant differences in lane positioning. Although the overall effect of AV lane width was not significant, there were some significant interaction effects between lane width and other factors (i.e., driver gender and presence of traffic on the next regular lane to the right). Across all the significant interactions, there was no case in which those factors stayed constant while AV lane width changed between the groups, indicating that the significant difference stemmed from the other factors rather than the lane width. However, the trend observed was that drivers driving next to the 12-ft lane had better lane centering compared to the 9ft lane. The analysis also showed that while in general female drivers tended to drive further away from the 9-ft lane and performed worse in terms of lane centering, they performed better than male drivers when right-lane traffic was present. This study contributes to understanding the behavioral impacts of infrastructure adaptation to AVs on non-AV drivers.
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