Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Question Answering, Natural Language Processing, Information Retrieval'

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1

Bonadiman, Daniele. "Leveraging Structure for Effective Question Answering." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/275116.

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In this thesis, we focus on Answer Sentence Selection (A2S) that is the core task of retrieval based question answering. A2S consists of selecting the sentences that answer user queries from a collection of documents retrieved by a search engine. Over more than two decades, several solutions based on machine learning have been proposed to solve this task, starting from simple approaches based on manual feature engineering to more complex Structural Tree Kernels models, and recently Neural Network architectures. In particular, the latter requires little human effort as they can automatically e
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2

Bonadiman, Daniele. "Leveraging Structure for Effective Question Answering." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/275116.

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In this thesis, we focus on Answer Sentence Selection (A2S) that is the core task of retrieval based question answering. A2S consists of selecting the sentences that answer user queries from a collection of documents retrieved by a search engine. Over more than two decades, several solutions based on machine learning have been proposed to solve this task, starting from simple approaches based on manual feature engineering to more complex Structural Tree Kernels models, and recently Neural Network architectures. In particular, the latter requires little human effort as they can automatically ex
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3

Di, Biasi Vanessa. "Question Answering tecniche algoritmiche e applicazioni." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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La crescente digitalizzazione dei dati e la presenza di dispositivi pervasivi sta rivoluzionando il modo in cui l'utente comunica e svolge le attività. La seguente tesi introduce il Question Answering (QA), una tecnologia emergente che risponde alle nuove necessità degli utenti e che ha pervaso motori di ricerca e assistenti virtuali. Sta assumendo importanza nell'ultimo decennio perfezionando la capacità di comprendere il linguaggio umano, da cui si evince la forte correlazione col Natural Language Processing. Infatti, i sistemi di QA sono capaci di risponde a una qualsiasi domanda che l'uten
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4

Imam, Md Kaisar. "Improvements to the complex question answering models." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3214.

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In recent years the amount of information on the web has increased dramatically. As a result, it has become a challenge for the researchers to find effective ways that can help us query and extract meaning from these large repositories. Standard document search engines try to address the problem by presenting the users a ranked list of relevant documents. In most cases, this is not enough as the end-user has to go through the entire document to find out the answer he is looking for. Question answering, which is the retrieving of answers to natural language questions from a document collection,
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5

Almansa, Luciana Farina. "Uma arquitetura de question-answering instanciada no domínio de doenças crônicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/95/95131/tde-10102016-121606/.

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Nos ambientes médico e de saúde, especificamente no tratamento clínico do paciente, o papel da informação descrita nos prontuários médicos é registrar o estado de saúde do paciente e auxiliar os profissionais diretamente ligados ao tratamento. A investigação dessas informações de estado clínico em pesquisas científicas na área de biomedicina podem suportar o desenvolvimento de padrões de prevenção e tratamento de enfermidades. Porém, ler artigos científicos é uma tarefa que exige tempo e disposição, uma vez que realizar buscas por informações específicas não é uma tarefa simples e a área médic
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6

Sadid-Al-Hasan, Sheikh, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Answering complex questions : supervised approaches." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Mathematics and Computer Science, c2009, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2478.

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The term “Google” has become a verb for most of us. Search engines, however, have certain limitations. For example ask it for the impact of the current global financial crisis in different parts of the world, and you can expect to sift through thousands of results for the answer. This motivates the research in complex question answering where the purpose is to create summaries of large volumes of information as answers to complex questions, rather than simply offering a listing of sources. Unlike simple questions, complex questions cannot be answered easily as they often require inferencing an
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7

Saneifar, Hassan. "Locating Information in Heterogeneous log files." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20092/document.

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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans les domaines des systèmes Question Réponse en domaine restreint, la recherche d'information ainsi que TALN. Les systèmes de Question Réponse (QR) ont pour objectif de retrouver un fragment pertinent d'un document qui pourrait être considéré comme la meilleure réponse concise possible à une question de l'utilisateur. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de localisation de réponses dans des masses de données complexes et évolutives décrites ci-dessous.. De nos jours, dans de nombreux domaines d'application, les systèmes informatiques sont instrumentés pou
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8

Slávka, Michal. "Vícejazyčný systém pro odpovídání na otázky nad otevřenou doménou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-445499.

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Táto práca sa zaoberá automatickým viacjazyčným zodpovedaním na otázky v otvorenej doméne. V tejto práci sú navrhnuté prístupy k tejto málo prebádanej doméne. Konkrétne skúma, či: (i) použitie prekladu z angličtiny je dostačujúce, (ii) multilinguálne systémy vedia využiť preklad otázky do iných jazykov (iii) alebo je výhodnejšie nepoužívať žiaden preklad. Porovnávam použitie anglického systému založeného na modeli T5, ktorý využíva strojový preklad s natívne viacjazyčnými systémami založenými na viacjazyčnom modeli MT5. Anglický systém so strojovým prekladom mierne prekonáva svoje jednojazyčné
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9

Franco, Salvador Marc. "A Cross-domain and Cross-language Knowledge-based Representation of Text and its Meaning." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/84285.

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Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human languages. One of its most challenging aspects involves enabling computers to derive meaning from human natural language. To do so, several meaning or context representations have been proposed with competitive performance. However, these representations still have room for improvement when working in a cross-domain or cross-language scenario. In this thesis we study the use of knowledge graphs as a cross-domain an
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10

Foucault, Nicolas. "Questions-Réponses en domaine ouvert : sélection pertinente de documents en fonction du contexte de la question." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944622.

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Les problématiques abordées dans ma thèse sont de définir une adaptation unifiée entre la sélection des documents et les stratégies de recherche de la réponse à partir du type des documents et de celui des questions, intégrer la solution au système de Questions-Réponses (QR) RITEL du LIMSI et évaluer son apport. Nous développons et étudions une méthode basée sur une approche de Recherche d'Information pour la sélection de documents en QR. Celle-ci s'appuie sur un modèle de langue et un modèle de classification binaire de texte en catégorie pertinent ou non pertinent d'un point de vue QR. Cette
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11

Chen, Wei. "Developing a Framework for Geographic Question Answering Systems Using GIS, Natural Language Processing, Machine Learning, and Ontologies." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388065704.

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12

Konstantinova, Natalia. "Knowledge acquisition from user reviews for interactive question answering." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/297401.

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Nowadays, the effective management of information is extremely important for all spheres of our lives and applications such as search engines and question answering systems help users to find the information that they need. However, even when assisted by these various applications, people sometimes struggle to find what they want. For example, when choosing a product customers can be confused by the need to consider many features before they can reach a decision. Interactive question answering (IQA) systems can help customers in this process, by answering questions about products and initiatin
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13

Chen, Charles L. "Neural Network Models for Tasks in Open-Domain and Closed-Domain Question Answering." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1578592581367428.

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14

Kozee, Troy. "Simplifying Q&A Systems with Topic Modelling." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1514592530510281.

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15

Sagen, Markus. "Large-Context Question Answering with Cross-Lingual Transfer." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-440704.

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Models based around the transformer architecture have become one of the most prominent for solving a multitude of natural language processing (NLP)tasks since its introduction in 2017. However, much research related to the transformer model has focused primarily on achieving high performance and many problems remain unsolved. Two of the most prominent currently are the lack of high performing non-English pre-trained models, and the limited number of words most trained models can incorporate for their context. Solving these problems would make NLP models more suitable for real-world application
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16

Deyab, Rodwan Bakkar. "Ontology-based information extraction from learning management systems." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/20996.

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In this work we present a system for information extraction from Learning Management Systems. This system is ontology-based. It retrieves information according to the structure of the ontology to populate the ontology. We graphically present statistics about the ontology data. These statistics present latent knowledge which is difficult to see in the traditional Learning Management System. To answer questions about the ontology, a question answering system was developed using Natural Language Processing in the conversion of the natural language question into an ontology query language; Su
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17

"A Composite Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Approach to Question Answering Against a Structured Knowledge Base." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.39463.

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abstract: With the inception of World Wide Web, the amount of data present on the internet is tremendous. This makes the task of navigating through this enormous amount of data quite difficult for the user. As users struggle to navigate through this wealth of information, the need for the development of an automated system that can extract the required information becomes urgent. The aim of this thesis is to develop a Question Answering system to ease the process of information retrieval. Question Answering systems have been around for quite some time and are a sub-field of information retrie
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18

Rodrigues, Ricardo Manuel da Conceição. "RAPPORT: A Fact-Based Question Answering System for Portuguese." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/41880.

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Tese de doutoramento em Ciências e Tecnologias da Informação, apresentada ao Departamento de Engenharia Informática da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra<br>Question answering is one of the longest-standing problems in natural language processing. Although natural language interfaces for computer systems can be considered more common these days, the same still does not happen regarding access to specific textual information. Any full text search engine can easily retrieve documents containing user specified or closely related terms, however it is typically unable to
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19

Prall, James W. "Computers and Natural Language: Will They Find Happiness Together?" Thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10756/291048.

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20

Marais, Laurette. "Developing an enriched natural language grammar for prosodically-improved concent-to-speech synthesis." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14510.

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The need for interacting with machines using spoken natural language is growing, along with the expectation that synthetic speech in this context sound natural. Such interaction includes answering questions, where prosody plays an important role in producing natural English synthetic speech by communicating the information structure of utterances. CCG is a theoretical framework that exploits the notion that, in English, information structure, prosodic structure and syntactic structure are isomorphic. This provides a way to convert a semantic representation of an utterance into a prosod
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