Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Quick Assessment for Dysarthria / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Quick Assessment for Dysarthria.

Journal articles on the topic 'Quick Assessment for Dysarthria'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Quick Assessment for Dysarthria.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Noorsham, Abdul Haleem, Mohamad Muhaimin Abdullah, Sanihah Abdul Halim, Abdul Rahman Izaini Ghani, Zamzuri Idris, and Jafri Malin Abdullah. "Neurological Examination Techniques of Speech in Bahasa Malaysia for Adults: Simple Approach Practiced in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia." Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 27, no. 6 (2020): 148–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/mjms2020.27.6.14.

Full text

Abstract:

There are four classification levels for speech disorders namely dysphonia, dysarthria, dysprosody and dysphasia. In general, speech examination mainly focuses on three main components that are spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, and oral motor examination. Quick bedside assessment on speech in Bahasa Malaysia is essential to assist the speech language therapist (SLT) and other physicians to determine the disorders. Speech therapy is also essential in monitoring and continuous assessment for patients with speech and language disorders such as dysphasia and dysarthria. Speech clinicians in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM) have been adapting two most widely used batteries of speech assessment tools namely Western aphasia battery-revised (WAB-R) by Andrew Kertesz and Boston diagnostic aphasia examination (BDAE). These tools have been modified into simple and validated speech assessments in Bahasa Malaysia. This video manuscript will demonstrate the use of both tools in performing bedside speech assessment for patients with speech disorders. The Bahasa Malaysia speech examination should not be difficult when WAB-R and BDAE speech assessment tools are applied. The aim of this simple approach using the adapted version of BDAE and WAB-R is to assist the clinician to achieve quick and accurate diagnosis with a validated scoring system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Shiina, Hidetaka, and Makoto Kariyasu. "Assessment of Dysarthria." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 60, no. 4 (2019): 286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.60.286.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Hustad, Katherine, David Beukelman, and Kathryn Yorkston. "Functional Outcome Assessment in Dysarthria." Seminars in Speech and Language 19, no. 03 (1998): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1064051.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Hernandez, Abner, Sunhee Kim, and Minhwa Chung. "Prosody-Based Measures for Automatic Severity Assessment of Dysarthric Speech." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19 (2020): 6999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10196999.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the first cues for many neurological disorders are impairments in speech. The traditional method of diagnosing speech disorders such as dysarthria involves a perceptual evaluation from a trained speech therapist. However, this approach is known to be difficult to use for assessing speech impairments due to the subjective nature of the task. As prosodic impairments are one of the earliest cues of dysarthria, the current study presents an automatic method of assessing dysarthria in a range of severity levels using prosody-based measures. We extract prosodic measures related to pitch, speech rate, and rhythm from speakers with dysarthria and healthy controls in English and Korean datasets, despite the fact that these two languages differ in terms of prosodic characteristics. These prosody-based measures are then used as inputs to random forest, support vector machine and neural network classifiers to automatically assess different severity levels of dysarthria. Compared to baseline MFCC features, 18.13% and 11.22% relative accuracy improvement are achieved for English and Korean datasets, respectively, when including prosody-based features. Furthermore, most improvements are obtained with a better classification of mild dysarthric utterances: a recall improvement from 42.42% to 83.34% for English speakers with mild dysarthria and a recall improvement from 36.73% to 80.00% for Korean speakers with mild dysarthria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Altaher, Abeer Muneer, Shin Ying Chu, Rahayu binti Mustaffa Kam, and Rogayah A. Razak. "A Report of Assessment Tools for Individuals with Dysarthria." Open Public Health Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 384–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944501912010384.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction:The development of assessment tools for individuals with dysarthria has been reported in many clinical and empirical studies.Methodology:A literature review was based on online resources including Google Scholar, EBSCO, Medline, PubMed, and BIOMED Central articles and journals.Results and Conclusion:In this paper, we summarized the commonly used formal and informal assessment tools and explained the assessment procedure when managing clients with dysarthria. We aimed to share the current practice of speech-language pathologists together with the allied health service providers in the management of patients with dysarthria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Schölderle, Theresa, Elisabet Haas, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Age Norms for Auditory-Perceptual Neurophonetic Parameters: A Prerequisite for the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (2020): 1071–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00114.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this study was to collect auditory-perceptual data on established symptom categories of dysarthria from typically developing children between 3 and 9 years of age, for the purpose of creating age norms for dysarthria assessment. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (3;0–9;11 [years;months], 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. We used a computer-based game specifically designed for this study to elicit sentence repetitions and spontaneous speech samples. Speech recordings were analyzed using the auditory-perceptual criteria of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales, a standardized German assessment tool for dysarthria in adults. The Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (scales and features) cover clinically relevant dimensions of speech and allow for an evaluation of well-established symptom categories of dysarthria. Results The typically developing children exhibited a number of speech characteristics overlapping with established symptom categories of dysarthria (e.g., breathy voice, frequent inspirations, reduced articulatory precision, decreased articulation rate). Substantial progress was observed between 3 and 9 years of age, but with different developmental trajectories across different dimensions. In several areas (e.g., respiration, voice quality), 9-year-olds still presented with salient developmental speech characteristics, while in other dimensions (e.g., prosodic modulation), features typically associated with dysarthria occurred only exceptionally, even in the 3-year-olds. Conclusions The acquisition of speech motor functions is a prolonged process not yet completed with 9 years. Various developmental influences (e.g., anatomic–physiological changes) shape children's speech specifically. Our findings are a first step toward establishing auditory-perceptual norms for dysarthria in children of kindergarten and elementary school age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12133380

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Brown, Katherine, and Kristie Spencer. "Dysarthria following Stroke." Seminars in Speech and Language 39, no. 01 (2018): 015–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608852.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDysarthria is a common consequence of stroke and can have a detrimental influence on communication and quality of life. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play an important role in the evaluation and rehabilitation of stroke survivors who present with dysarthria. An understanding of the physiologic reason behind the altered speech characteristics, such as weakness or incoordination, can facilitate differential diagnosis, guide evaluation strategies, and influence treatment approaches. An initial comprehensive speech evaluation is comprised of examination of the speech mechanism, screening of speech subsystems, perceptual assessment, and intelligibility measurement. Management strategies focus on optimizing communication through compensatory strategies as well as providing physiologic support. The SLP is also responsible for educating family and staff regarding strategies that can facilitate communication.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Bunton, Kate, Ray D. Kent, Jane F. Kent, and John C. Rosenbek. "Perceptuo-acoustic assessment of prosodic impairment in dysarthria." Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics 14, no. 1 (2000): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026992000298922.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Knuijt, Simone, Johanna G. Kalf, Baziel G. M. van Engelen, Bert J. M. de Swart, and Alexander C. H. Geurts. "The Radboud Dysarthria Assessment: Development and Clinimetric Evaluation." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 69, no. 4 (2017): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484556.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Cummins, Fred, Anja Lowit, and Frits van Brenk. "Quantitative Assessment of Interutterance Stability: Application to Dysarthria." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 57, no. 1 (2014): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2013/12-0374).

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Following recent attempts to quantify articulatory impairment in speech, the present study evaluates the usefulness of a novel measure of motor stability to characterize dysarthria. Method The study included 8 speakers with ataxic dysarthria (AD), 16 speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria (HD) as a result of Parkinson's disease, and 24 unimpaired control participants. Each participant performed a series of sentence repetitions under habitual, fast, and slow speaking rate conditions. An algorithm to measure utterance-to-utterance spectro-temporal variation (UUV; Cummins, 2009) was used. Speech rate and intelligibility were also measured. Results UUV scores were significantly correlated with perceptually based intelligibility scores. There were significant differences in UUV between control speakers and the AD but not the HD groups, presumably because of differences in intelligibility in the samples used and not because of differences in pathology. Habitual speaking rate did not correlate with UUV scores. All speaker groups had greater UUV levels in the slow conditions compared with habitual and fast speaking rates. Conclusions UUV results were consistent with those of other variability indices and thus appear to capture motor control issues in a similar way. The results suggest that the UUV could be developed into an easy-to-use clinical tool that could function as a valid and reliable assessment and outcome measure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Wit, J., and B. Maassen. "Diadochokinetic tasks in speech assessment of spastic dysarthria." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 93, no. 1 (1991): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(91)90016-i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Leite Neto, Lavoisier, and Ana Carolina Constantini. "Dysarthria and quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Revista CEFAC 19, no. 5 (2017): 664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620171954017.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze the impact of dysarthria on the quality of life in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Methods: the study consisted of 32 subjects, divided into two groups (control group and study group) who underwent an initial interview for background information, followed by an evaluation based on the Dysarthria Assessment Protocol and completion of quality of life questionnaire "Living with Dysarthria - (LwD)". Exploratory data analysis was collected through mean, median, SD, minimum and maximum measures. A comparison was performed between the studied groups and a correlation was carried out between scores. The significance level adopted was 5%. Results: according to the findings, all sub-items analyzed by the dysarthria assessment protocol were statically significant (p <0.001) when comparing the groups. Regarding quality of life, a moderate positive correlation (p = 0.0008; Spearman's coefficient = 0.75202) was observed between the total score of the two protocols used, indicating that the higher the degree of dysarthria, the worse the Quality of Life (QOL) of the subject, according to the parameters evaluated. Conclusion: dysarthria affects all speech parameters herein assessed, in varying degrees, negatively impacting communication and quality of life.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Atkinson-Clement, Cyril, Alban Letanneux, Guillaume Baille, et al. "Psychosocial Impact of Dysarthria: The Patient-Reported Outcome as Part of the Clinical Management." Neurodegenerative Diseases 19, no. 1 (2019): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499627.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: Dysarthria in neurological disorders can have psychosocial consequences. The dysarthric speaker’s perspective towards the disorder’s psychosocial impact is essential in its global assessment and management. For such purposes, assessment tools such as the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) are indispensable. Objective: We aimed to confirm the relevance of using the DIP to quantify the psychosocial consequences of dysarthria in neurological diseases. Methods: We studied 120 participants, 15 healthy controls and 105 patients with different kinds of dysarthria induced by several neurological disorders (Parkinson’s disease [PD], Huntington’s disease, dystonia, cerebellar ataxia, progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], multiple system atrophy, lateral amyotrophic sclerosis). All participants underwent a cognitive evaluation and a speech intelligibility assessment and completed three self-reported questionnaires: the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and the DIP. Results: The psychometric properties of the DIP were confirmed, including internal consistency (α = 0.93), concurrent validity (correlation with the VHI: r = –0.77), and discriminant validity (accuracy = 0.93). Psychosocial impact of dysarthria was revealed by the DIP for all patients. Intelligibility loss was found strongly correlated with the psychosocial impact of dysarthria: for a similar level of intelligibility impairment, the DIP total score was similar regardless of the pathological group. However, our findings suggest that the psychosocial impact measured by the DIP could be partially independent from the severity of dysarthria (indirectly addressed here via speech intelligibility): the DIP was able to detect patients without any intelligibility impairment, but with a psychosocial impact. Conclusions: All patients reported a communication complaint, attested by the DIP scores, despite the fact that not all patients, notably PD, ataxic, and PSP patients, had an intelligibility deficit. The DIP should be used in clinical practice to contribute to a holistic evaluation and management of functional communication in patients with dysarthria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Sonoda, Yuma, Nao Yoshida, Kazunori Kawami, et al. "Short-Term Effect of Intensive Speech Therapy on Dysarthria in Patients With Sporadic Spinocerebellar Degeneration." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 3 (2021): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00259.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate a structured approach for effective speech therapy (ST) for dysarthria and speech-related quality of life in patients with sporadic spinocerebellar degeneration (SCD), including cerebellar-type multiple-system atrophy and cerebellar cortical atrophy. Method Twenty-two patients with SCD (cerebellar-type multiple system atrophy, 15 patients; cerebellar cortical atrophy, seven patients) who underwent intensive ST were examined. Dysarthria was evaluated using the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Speech Dysfunction, Assessment of Motor Speech for Dysarthria Articulation, oral diadochokinesis (OD), and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10). Respiratory muscle strength (inspiratory and expiratory pressure) and respiratory–phonatory coordination (maximum phonation time) were measured. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Montréal Cognitive Assessment and the word fluency test. Mood was evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The relationships between dysarthria scales (particularly, VHI-10) and clinical data were analyzed using stepwise regression. The differences in outcomes after intensive ST were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The alpha level ( p ) for statistical significance was set at .0125 by Bonferroni correction. Results For both pre- and post-ST, the patient's OD ( p = .002) and maximum phonation time ( p = .002) significantly improved, except for Speech Dysfunction scores of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia ( p = .705) and the VHI-10 ( p = .018). The Assessment of Motor Speech for Dysarthria Articulation, OD, and inspiratory pressure were identified as independent variables of VHI-10 (adjusted R 2 = .820) for speech-related quality of life; no correlations among the Montréal Cognitive Assessment, word fluency test, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores were observed. Conclusion OD and VHI-10 showed improvements due to changes in speech function and respiratory–phonatory coordination, justifying intensive ST treatment for dysarthria in patients with SCD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ziegler, Wolfram, Anja Staiger, Theresa Schölderle, and Mathias Vogel. "Gauging the Auditory Dimensions of Dysarthric Impairment: Reliability and Construct Validity of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS)." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 60, no. 6 (2017): 1516–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2017_jslhr-s-16-0336.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Standardized clinical assessment of dysarthria is essential for management and research. We present a new, fully standardized dysarthria assessment, the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS). The measurement model of the BoDyS is based on auditory evaluations of connected speech using 9 scales (traits) assessed by 4 elicitation methods. Analyses of the BoDyS' reliability and construct validity were performed to test this model, with the aim of gauging the auditory dimensions of speech impairment in dysarthria. Method Interrater agreement was examined in 70 persons with dysarthria. Construct validity was examined in 190 persons with dysarthria using a multitrait-multimethod design with confirmatory factor analysis. Results Interrater agreement of < 1 on a 5-point scale was found in 91% of cases across listener pairs and scales. Average reliability was .85. Inspection of the multitrait-multimethod matrix pointed at a high convergent and discriminant validity. Modeling of the BoDyS trait and method factors using confirmatory factor analysis yielded high goodness of fit. Model coefficients confirmed high discriminant and convergent validity and revealed meaningful relationships between scales and methods. Conclusions The 9 auditory scales of the BoDyS provide a reliable and valid profile of dysarthric impairment. They permit standardized measurement of clinically relevant dimensions of dysarthric speech.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Kiran., Chithra. "ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGIBILITY ACROSS SPEECH TASKS IN SPEAKERS DYSARTHRIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 5, no. 8 (2017): 1760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/5242.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Bhat, Chitralekha, and Helmer Strik. "Automatic Assessment of Sentence-Level Dysarthria Intelligibility Using BLSTM." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 14, no. 2 (2020): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2020.2967652.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Van Nuffelen, Gwen, Catherine Middag, Marc De Bodt, and Jean‐Pierre Martens. "Speech technology‐based assessment of phoneme intelligibility in dysarthria." International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 44, no. 5 (2009): 716–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820802342062.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Roy, Nelson, Herbert A. Leeper, Michael Blomgren, and Rosalea M. Cameron. "A Description of Phonetic, Acoustic, and Physiological Changes Associated With Improved Intelligibility in a Speaker With Spastic Dysarthria." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 10, no. 3 (2001): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2001/025).

Full text

Abstract:

Spastic dysarthria is a motor speech disorder produced by bilateral damage to the direct (pyramidal) and indirect (extrapyramidal) activation pathways of the central nervous system. This case report describes the recovery of an individual with severe spastic dysarthria and illustrates the close relationship between intelligibility measures and acoustic and physiological parameters. Detailed phonetic feature analyses combined with acoustic and physiological information helped to clarify (a) the loci of the intelligibility deficit, (b) the features of deviant speech whose improvement would lead to the greatest gains with treatment, and (c) the changes contributing to improvement in intelligibility observed over a 30-month treatment/recovery period. Though auditory-perceptual analysis remains the foundation of day-to-day dysarthria assessment, this case illustrates the potential for instrumental assessment to (a) supplement perceptual assessment techniques, (b) parse speech subsystem deficits, and (c) track the effects of interventions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Wang, Jie, Gaiyan Li, Shanshan Ding, et al. "Liuzijue qigong versus traditional breathing training for patients with post-stroke dysarthria complicated by abnormal respiratory control: Results of a single-center randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 35, no. 7 (2021): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215521992473.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate whether liuzijue qigong could improve the ability of respiratory control and comprehensive speech in patients with stroke dysarthria. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Setting: The research was carried out in the department of rehabilitation. Participants: Altogether, a total of 98 stroke patients with dysarthria participated in the study. Interventions: Patients were randomly divided into two groups (the experimental group: basic articulation + liuzijue qigong, 48 patients or the control group: basic articulation + traditional breathing training, 50 patients). All therapies were conducted once a day, five times a week for three weeks. Main measures: Primary outcome measure: Speech breathing level of the modified Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment. Secondary outcome measures: the modified Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment, maximum phonation time, maximal counting ability, /s/, /z/, s/z ratio, and the loudness level. All outcome measures were assessed twice (at baseline and after three weeks). Results: At three weeks, There were significant difference between the two groups in the change of speech breathing level (81% vs 66%, P = 0.011), the modified Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment (5.54 (4.68–6.40) vs 3.66 (2.92–4.40), P = 0.001), maximum phonation time (5.55 (4.92–6.18) vs 3.01(2.31–3.71), P < 0.01), maximal counting ability (3.08(2.45–3.71) vs 2.10 (1.53–2.67), P = 0.018), and /s/ (3.08 (2.39–3.78) vs 1.87 (1.23–2.51), P = 0.004), while no significant differences were found in the change of /z/ (3.08 (2.31–3.86) vs 2.10 (1.5–2.64), P = 0.08), s/ z ratio (1.26 (0.96–1.55) vs 1.03 (0.97–1.09), P = 0.714), and the change of loudness level (69% vs 60%, P = 0.562). Conclusions: Liuzijue qigong, combined with basic articulation training, could improve the respiratory control ability, as well as the comprehensive speech ability of stroke patients with dysarthria. Trial registration: ChiCTR-INR-16010215.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Haas, Elisabet, Wolfram Ziegler, and Theresa Schölderle. "Developmental Courses in Childhood Dysarthria: Longitudinal Analyses of Auditory-Perceptual Parameters." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 5 (2021): 1421–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00492.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The aim of this longitudinal study was to describe developmental courses of childhood dysarthria against the background of typical speech motor development by collecting auditory-perceptual data. Method Fourteen children (four girls, 10 boys; 5;1–8;4 [years;months] at Time 1) with neurological conditions (CNC) and 14 typically developing children (CTD) matched for age and gender were assessed at three points in time over an 18-month period. Speech samples were collected using the Bogenhausener Dysarthrie Skalen–Kindliche Dysarthrien (BoDyS-KiD; in English: Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales–Childhood Dysarthria), a German tool for the assessment of childhood dysarthria, and analyzed by means of nine perceptual scales covering all clinically relevant speech components. Age normalization was performed according to a method published recently. Data from the matched controls were used to estimate whether the gradients of the CNC group's developmental trajectories exceeded those of typical development. Results The children with neurological conditions presented heterogeneous speech profiles with a wide range of severity. At the group level, relatively stable trajectories of the age-normalized dysarthria total score were found over the observation period. The nine perceptual scales showed more or less parallel developments. All patients except two followed the growth curve describing the developmental course of the typically developing children. Conclusions Most children took advantage of the developmental dynamics as they developed parallel to the age norm. With its comprehensive description of the developmental courses of 14 children with neurological conditions, this study may contribute to a more valid, statistically verified clinical assessment of the course of childhood dysarthria.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Wannberg, Petter, Ellika Schalling, and Lena Hartelius. "Perceptual assessment of dysarthria: Comparison of a general and a detailed assessment protocol." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 41, no. 4 (2015): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14015439.2015.1069889.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Govindan, Sushant, and Hallie C. Prescott. "Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment." Critical Care Medicine 45, no. 11 (2017): 1947–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000002662.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Tarnow, Karen Gahan, and Rene Mayo-Rejai. "Quick Assessment of Computer Skills." Nurse Educator 30, no. 2 (2005): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006223-200503000-00003.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lirani-Silva, Camila, Lúcia Figueiredo Mourão, and Lilian Teresa Bucken Gobbi. "Dysarthria and Quality of Life in neurologically healthy elderly and patients with Parkinson's disease." CoDAS 27, no. 3 (2015): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20152014083.

Full text

Abstract:

PURPOSE: To compare the speech and voice of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and neurologically healthy elderly adults (control group, CG), to find out whether these features are related to the disease or the normal aging process, and investigate the impact that dysarthria has on the Quality of Life (QoL) of these individuals. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 25 individuals, 13 patients with PD and 12 CG. All the participants underwent vocal assessment, perceptual and acoustic analysis, based on "Dysarthria Assessment Protocol" and analysis of QoL using a questionnaire, "Living with Dysarthria". The data underwent statistical analysis to compare the groups in each parameter. RESULTS: In the assessment of dysarthria, patients with PD showed differences in prosody parameter (p=0.012), at the habitual frequency for females (p=0.025) and males (p=0.028), and the extent of intensity (p=0.039) when compared to CG. In QoL questionnaire, it was observed that patients with PD showed more negative impact on the QoL compared to CG, as indicated by the total score (p=0.005) with various aspects influencing this result. CONCLUSION: The degree of modification of speech and voice of patients with PD resembles those seen in normal aging process, with the exception of prosody and the habitual frequency, which are related to the greatest negative impact on the QoL of patients with PD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Chandrashekar, H. M., Veena Karjigi, and N. Sreedevi. "Spectro-Temporal Representation of Speech for Intelligibility Assessment of Dysarthria." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 14, no. 2 (2020): 390–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2019.2949912.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Fletcher, Annalise R., Rebecca A. Risi, Alan Wisler, and Megan J. McAuliffe. "Examining Listener Reaction Time in the Perceptual Assessment of Dysarthria." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 71, no. 5-6 (2019): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000499752.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Blaney, Bronagh, and Nigel Hewlett. "Dysarthria and Friedreich's ataxia: what can intelligibility assessment tell us?" International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders 42, no. 1 (2007): 19–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13682820600690993.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Rumbach, Anna F., Emma Finch, and Grace Stevenson. "What are the usual assessment practices in adult non-progressive dysarthria rehabilitation? A survey of Australian dysarthria practice patterns." Journal of Communication Disorders 79 (May 2019): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2019.03.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Donovan, Neila J. "Patient-Reported Outcomes for Acquired Dysarthria." Perspectives on Neurophysiology and Neurogenic Speech and Language Disorders 22, no. 4 (2012): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/nnsld22.4.152.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this article is to review the state of the art in patient-reported outcome (PRO) development for acquired dysarthria for clinicians and researchers interested in adding the patient's perspective to the information they garner from their standard assessment repertoire. In particular, the author summarizes what PROs are available at this time for researchers and clinicians treating individuals with acquired motor speech disorders. At this time, for the motor speech population, few valid and reliable PRO measures exist, and those that do are in various stages of development. Although each PRO measures a different aspect of treatment outcome, each offers an alternative to having no input from the patient's perspective at all.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Schölderle, Theresa, Anja Staiger, Renée Lampe, Katrin Strecker, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Dysarthria in Adults With Cerebral Palsy: Clinical Presentation and Impacts on Communication." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 2 (2016): 216–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-15-0086.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Although dysarthria affects the large majority of individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) and can substantially complicate everyday communication, previous research has provided an incomplete picture of its clinical features. We aimed to comprehensively describe characteristics of dysarthria in adults with CP and to elucidate the impact of dysarthric symptoms on parameters relevant for communication. Method Forty-two adults with CP underwent speech assessment by means of standardized auditory rating scales. Listening experiments were conducted to obtain communication-related parameters—that is, intelligibility and naturalness—as well as age and gender estimates. Results The majority of adults with CP showed moderate to severe dysarthria with symptoms on all dimensions of speech, most prominently voice quality, respiration, and prosody. Regression analyses revealed that articulatory, respiratory, and prosodic features were the strongest predictors of intelligibility and naturalness of speech. Listeners' estimates of the speakers' age and gender were predominantly determined by voice parameters. Conclusion This study provides an overview on the clinical presentation of dysarthria in a convenience sample of adults with CP. The complexity of the functional impairment described and the consequences on the individuals' communication call for a stronger consideration of dysarthria in CP both in clinical care and in research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Park, Young-Jae, and Jin-Moo Lee. "Effect of Acupuncture Intervention and Manipulation Types on Poststroke Dysarthria: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (September 14, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4981945.

Full text

Abstract:

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of acupuncture intervention and manipulation types on poststroke dysarthria. Electronic database, including PubMed, CENTRAL, Scopus, RISS, and CNKI, were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), treating dysarthria using acupuncture, speech-language therapy (SLT), and general management (GM), published before April 2019. The number, distribution, intensity, depth, and repetition of acupuncture and bleeding therapy on the sublingual veins were considered as manipulation types. Risk of bias of the included trials was evaluated, and their efficacy was assessed using risk ratio (RR) and the standard mean differences in the Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment and Speech Function Grading, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Fifteen RCT trials involving 1453 patients were isolated. Electroacupuncture plus SLT and manual acupuncture plus SLT were more effective than SLT only, respectively (RR = 1.520, 95% CI [1.183–1.952], RR = 1.380, 95% CI [1.281–1.488]). The clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus GM was higher than that of GM alone (RR = 1.165, 95% CI [1.050–1.293]). Meta-ANOVA showed that none of the manipulation types increased the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on dysarthria. The methodological quality was low. In conclusion, our study suggests that the effect of acupuncture on poststroke dysarthria may be maximized when manual acupuncture or electroacupuncture is combined with SLT, irrespective of manipulation types.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Kent, Ray D., Gary Weismer, Jane F. Kent, and John C. Rosenbek. "Toward Phonetic Intelligibility Testing in Dysarthria." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 54, no. 4 (1989): 482–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshd.5404.482.

Full text

Abstract:

The measurement of intelligibility in dysarthric individuals is a major concern in clinical assessment and management and in research on dysarthria. The measurement objective is complicated by the fact that intelligibility is not an absolute quantity but rather a relative quantity that depends on variables such as test material, personnel, training, test procedures, and state of the speaker. This paper reviews sealing procedures and item identification tests as they have been applied to dysarthric speech. Based in part on previous studies of speech of the hearing impaired, a profile has been designed to direct research on the acoustic or physiologic correlates of dysarthric intelligibility impairment. In addition, a word intelligibility test is proposed for use with dysarthric speakers. This test is designed to examine 19 acoustic-phonetic contrasts that are likely to (a) be sensitive to dysarthric impairment and (b) contribute significantly to speech intelligibility. Preliminary data from a sample of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are presented to illustrate the use of this test in the phonetic interpretation of intelligibility impairment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Letanneux, Alban, Margaret Walshe, François Viallet, and Serge Pinto. "The Dysarthria Impact Profile: A Preliminary French Experience with Parkinson’s Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/403680.

Full text

Abstract:

This preliminary study aimed to adapt the Dysarthria Impact Profile (DIP) in French and to confirm its relevance for the assessment of the psychosocial impact of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). The DIP scale was administered to 10 people with PD and 10 age-matched control subjects. The DIP psychometric properties were calculated (discriminant validity, internal consistency, and concurrent validity), notably by using the Voice Handicap Index (VHI) for interscale comparisons. The French version of the DIP discriminated people with PD from control subjects (χ2test,P<0.05). Good internal consistency was observed in both populations (Cronbach’sα=0.93for PD people andα=0.76for control subjects). The DIP was highly correlated with the VHI (Spearman’sρ=-0.70,P<0.01), confirming the external validity of the scale. There was no direct relationship between PD speech and quality of life as assessed by the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39). Our preliminary data suggest that the French version of the DIP has the potential to make a useful contribution for the assessment and outcome management in acquired dysarthria for both clinicians and researchers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Borrie, Stephanie A., Tyson S. Barrett, Julie M. Liss, and Visar Berisha. "Sync Pending: Characterizing Conversational Entrainment in Dysarthria Using a Multidimensional, Clinically Informed Approach." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 1 (2020): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00194.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose Despite the import of conversational entrainment to successful spoken dialogue, the systematic characterization of this behavioral syncing phenomenon represents a critical gap in the field of speech pathology. The goal of this study was to acoustically characterize conversational entrainment in the context of dysarthria using a multidimensional approach previously validated in healthy populations (healthy conversations; Borrie, Barrett, Willi, & Berisha, 2019 ). Method A large corpus of goal-oriented conversations between participants with dysarthria and healthy participants (disordered conversations) was elicited using a “spot the difference” task. Expert clinical assessment of entrainment and a measure of conversational success (communicative efficiency) was obtained for each of the audio-recorded conversations. Conversational entrainment of acoustic features representing rhythmic, articulatory, and phonatory dimensions of speech was identified using cross-recurrence quantification analysis with clinically informed model parameters and validated with a sham condition involving conversational participants who did not converse with one another. The relationship between conversational entrainment and communicative efficiency was examined. Results Acoustic evidence of entrainment was observed in phonatory, but not rhythmic and articulatory, behavior, a finding that differs from healthy conversations in which entrainment was observed in all speech signal dimensions. This result, that disordered conversations showed less acoustic entrainment than healthy conversations, is corroborated by clinical assessment of entrainment in which the disordered conversations were rated, overall, as being less in sync than healthy conversations. Furthermore, acoustic entrainment was predictive of communicative efficiency, corroborated by a relationship between clinical assessment and the same outcome measure. Conclusions The findings confirm our hypothesis that the pathological speech production parameters of dysarthria disrupt the seemingly ubiquitous phenomenon of conversational entrainment, thus advancing entrainment deficits as an important variable in dysarthria, one that may have causative effects on the success of everyday communication. Results further reveal that while this approach provides a broad overview, methodologies for characterizing conversational entrainment in dysarthria must continue to be developed and refined, with a focus on clinical utility. Supplemental Material https://osf.io/ktg5q

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Sevitz, Jordanna S., Brianna R. Kiefer, Jessica E. Huber, and Michelle S. Troche. "Obtaining Objective Clinical Measures During Telehealth Evaluations of Dysarthria." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 30, no. 2 (2021): 503–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00243.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose COVID-19 has shifted models of health care delivery, requiring the rapid adoption of telehealth, despite limited evidence and few resources to guide speech-language pathologists. Management of dysarthria presents specific challenges in the telehealth modality. Evaluations of dysarthria typically rely heavily on perceptual judgments, which are difficult to obtain via telehealth given a variety of technological factors such as inconsistencies in mouth-to-microphone distance, changes to acoustic properties based on device settings, and possible interruptions in connection that may cause video freezing. These factors limit the validity, reliability, and clinicians' certainty of perceptual speech ratings via telehealth. Thus, objective measures to supplement the assessment of dysarthria are essential. Method This tutorial outlines how to obtain objective measures in real time and from recordings of motor speech evaluations to support traditional perceptual ratings in telehealth evaluations of dysarthria. Objective measures include pause patterns, utterance length, speech rate, diadochokinetic rates, and overall speech severity. We demonstrate, through clinical case vignettes, how these measures were completed following three clinical telehealth evaluations of dysarthria conducted via Zoom during the COVID-19 pandemic. This tutorial describes how each of these objective measures were utilized, in combination with subjective perceptual analysis, to determine deviant speech characteristics and their etiology, develop a patient-specific treatment plan, and track change over time. Conclusion Utilizing objective measures as an adjunct to perceptual ratings for telehealth dysarthria evaluations is feasible under real-world pandemic conditions and can be used to enhance the quality and utility of these evaluations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Clark, Heather M. "Distinguishing Spastic and Dystonic Features in a Patient With a History of Brainstem Encephalitis: A Clinical Case Study." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 6, no. 3 (2021): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_persp-20-00143.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose One role of a speech-language pathologist (SLP) is to differentially diagnose motor speech disorders to aid physicians, typically neurologists, in establishing a medical diagnosis. The present case study describes the clinical problem solving undertaken by the SLP to characterize the nature of neurological deficits to develop an appropriate management plan. Method The patient is a 29-year-old man with a history of brainstem encephalitis who presented for evaluation of dysarthria, dysphagia, and gait difficulties. The neurological exam characterized a spastic dysarthria. The SLP conducted a motor speech examination expressly for the purpose of differential diagnosis. Results The patient exhibited features of spastic dysarthria including strained phonation and hypernasality, equivocally slow rate associated with intermittent interword pauses rather than lengthened segments, and articulatory imprecision in the absence of weakness or slowness of the articulators. Defining features of spastic dysarthria absent from his speech were monopitch and monoloudness, as well as slow alternate motion rates. A diagnosis of hyperkinetic dysarthria associated with dystonia was informed by (a) hypernasality disproportionate to other deviant speech features, with preserved reflexive velar movements and nonspeech movements; (b) adventitious lip pursing; (c) modest improvement in speech with sensory tricks; (d) mild and intermittent phonatory strain; and (e) normal nonspeech oral motor function. Conclusions This case demonstrates the role speech-language pathology can play in the neurological assessment and management process. The recognition by the SLP of hyperkinetic dysarthria led to additional diagnostic tests and to a broader range of options for medical management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Goozée, Justine V., Bruce E. Murdoch, and Deborah G. Theodoros. "Physiological assessment of tongue function in dysarthria following traumatic brain injury." Logopedics Phoniatrics Vocology 26, no. 2 (2001): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/140154301753207421.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Enderby, Pam. "The assessment of dysarthria: a challenge to more than the ears." Clinical Rehabilitation 2, no. 4 (1988): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026921558800200401.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Ghio, A., L. Giusti, E. Blanc, and S. Pinto. "French adaptation of the “Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment 2” speech intelligibility test." European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases 137, no. 2 (2020): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anorl.2019.10.007.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Thielsch, Meinald T., and Gerrit Hirschfeld. "Quick Assessment of Web Content Perceptions." International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 37, no. 1 (2020): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1805877.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ray, Jayanti. "Orofacial myofunctional therapy in dysarthria: A study on speech intelligibility." International Journal of Orofacial Myology 28, no. 01 (2002): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52010/ijom.2002.28.1.3.

Full text

Abstract:

Various types of orofacial myofunctional disorders co-exist with speech problems in individuals with dysarthria. Controlled studies stating the efficacy of orofacial myofunctional therapy (OMT) in dysarthric individuals are very scant. The present study was undertaken to examine the efficacy of OMT in twelve patients diagnosed with mild to moderate dysarthria following right hemisphere brain damage. Pre-therapy assessment focused on existing orofacial myofunctional problems and speech intelligibility in the clients. The goals of OMT were to increase strength and mobility of buccal, facial, labial, and lingual musculature. No speech intervention was provided while OMT was in progress. Post-therapy measures indicated significant improvements in the stated goals as well as in speech intelligibility for single words. Patients observed functional improvements in swallowing functions too. A high positive correlation was found between speech intelligibility and diadochokinetic rate. Clinical implications regarding use of OMT in dysarthria are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Schölderle, Theresa, Elisabet Haas, Stefanie Baumeister, and Wolfram Ziegler. "Intelligibility, Articulation Rate, Fluency, and Communicative Efficiency in Typically Developing Children." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 7 (2021): 2575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00640.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose This article describes the developmental trajectories of four communication-related parameters (i.e., intelligibility, articulation rate, fluency, and communicative efficiency) in a cross-sectional study of typically developing children between 3 and 9 years. The four target parameters were related to auditory-perceptual parameters of speech function. Method One hundred forty-four typically developing children (ages 3;0–9;11 [years;months]; 72 girls and 72 boys) participated. Speech samples were collected using the materials of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales for Childhood Dysarthria, a German assessment tool for childhood dysarthria, and analyzed following established auditory-perceptual criteria on relevant speech functions. To assess intelligibility, naïve listeners transcribed sentences repeated by the children. Articulation rate and fluency were measured by acoustic analyses; communicative efficiency was determined by multiplying the proportion of correctly transcribed syllables by speech rate. Results Intelligibility showed a steep developmental trajectory, with the majority of children obtaining a proportion of intelligible syllables close to 1.0 at the age of 5 years. Articulation rate demonstrated a flatter trajectory, with high variability still within the older children. Disfluencies, on the contrary, occurred only in the youngest children. By definition, communicative efficiency shared the characteristics of intelligibility and rate curves. A principal component analysis revealed, among other findings, strong connections between intelligibility and articulation, as well as between communicative efficiency, articulation, and rate measures. Conclusions While children speak intelligibly, in terms of the applied assessment, at a comparably young age, other communication-relevant parameters show a slower developmental progress. Knowledge on the typical development of communication-related parameters and on their complex relationships with functional speech variables is crucial for the clinical assessment of childhood dysarthria. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14880285

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Clark, Heather M., and Nancy Pearl Solomon. "Muscle Tone and the Speech-Language Pathologist: Definitions, Neurophysiology, Assessment, and Interventions." Perspectives on Swallowing and Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) 21, no. 1 (2012): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sasd21.1.9.

Full text

Abstract:

Abnormal muscle tone is presumed to underlie certain types of dysarthria and dysphagia. However, the speech-language pathologist rarely assesses orofacial muscle tone, presumably because of a lack of training and the unavailability of adequate tools. This article reviews the general mechanisms underlying muscle tone, explains sensory and motor therapeutic strategies that target muscle tone, and introduces new measurement tools.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Matsushima, Yasuyuki, and Motoyuki Abe. "Assessment of dysarthria in patients with stroke using the Norris Bulbar Scale." Nosotchu 22, no. 3 (2000): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3995/jstroke.22.373.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Chappaz, Rebeca de Oliveira, Simone dos Santos Barreto, and Karin Zazo Ortiz. "Pneumo-phono-articulatory coordination assessment in dysarthria cases: a cross-sectional study." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 136, no. 3 (2018): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2017.0320161217.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Ziegler, Wolfram, and Andreas Zierdt. "Telediagnostic assessment of intelligibility in dysarthria: A pilot investigation of MVP-online." Journal of Communication Disorders 41, no. 6 (2008): 553–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2008.05.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Eigentler, Andreas, Johanna Rhomberg, Wolfgang Nachbauer, Irmgard Ritzer, Werner Poewe, and Sylvia Boesch. "The scale for the assessment and rating of ataxia correlates with dysarthria assessment in Friedreich's ataxia." Journal of Neurology 259, no. 3 (2011): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-011-6192-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Kent, Ray D., Houri K. Vorperian, and Joseph R. Duffy. "Reliability of the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program for the Analysis of Voice Samples of Subjects With Dysarthria." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 8, no. 2 (1999): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360.0802.129.

Full text

Abstract:

Computer-based analysis systems are increasingly available for the clinical assessment of speech and voice functions. These systems have the potential to provide immediate quantitative information to assist clinical assessment and treatment. The Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) is a computer program that can calculate as many as 33 acoustic parameters from a voice sample. The MDVP appears to have potential for rapid quantitative assessments of voice in both research and clinical applications. This report evaluates the robustness and reliability of MDVP for vocal analyses of 32 individuals with dysarthria of various etiologies. It is concluded that the reliability is generally very good and that MDVP has potential as a tool for the semi-automatic analysis of voice samples in dysarthria. Some parameters appear to hold particular value in the description of voice qualities in these speech disorders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Haque, Mainul. "Generic medicine and prescribing: A quick assessment." Advances in Human Biology 7, no. 3 (2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_26_17.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!