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Journal articles on the topic 'Quillay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Quiroz Marchant, Iván, Marta Paola González Ortega, Andrés Hernández, Hernán Soto Guevara, Edison García Rivas, and Matías Pincheira. "Efecto del tamaño de contenedor sobre el crecimiento en vivero y comportamiento en terreno de plantas de Quillaja saponaria Mol. Establecidas en Florida, Región del Biobío." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 18, no. 2 (July 11, 2012): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2012.385.

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El quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.), es una especie nativa y endémica de la zona central de Chile, se distribuye naturalmente entre los 30°30' y los 38° LS, regiones de Coquimbo y La Araucanía, pertenece al Tipo Forestal Esclerófilo, y es una de las especies arbóreas de mayor importancia en este tipo forestal por su abundancia y amplia distribución. Pese a no tener grandes restricciones para su desarrollo, existen actualmente problemas en el estado de conservación de la especie en formaciones naturales debido a las fuertes intervenciones a que ha sido sometida para la obtención de productos no maderables destinados a los mercados farmacéuticos y cosmetológicos. El presente trabajo entrega resultados obtenidos por el Centro Tecnológico de la Planta Forestal, un centro tecnológico del Instituto Forestal, en ensayos de producción de plantas de quillay, incluyendo la comparación y análisis de producciones realizadas en diversas investigaciones, con el objeto determinar parámetros morfológicos e indicadores de calidad de plantas de la especie, y evaluando el comportamiento de plantas de quillay establecidas en terreno y producidas en contenedores de diversos volúmenes.

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2

Angélica, Grandón S., Espinosa B. Miguel, Ríos L. Darcy, Sánchez O. Manuel, Sáez C. Katia, Hernández S. Víctor, and Becerra A. José. "Variation of Saponin Contents and Physiological Status in Quillaja saponaria Under Different Environmental Conditions." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 12 (December 2013): 1934578X1300801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300801209.

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Quillaja saponaria (Quillay), an evergreen tree found in Chile, is one of the main sources of saponins. Quillaja saponins have hypocholesterolaemic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and pesticidal properties, and are used as adjuvants for vaccines. Samples of Quillay growing at three zones in O'Higgins Region, Chile (Coastal, Central and Mountain zones) were analyzed for content of saponins and physiological status. The results revealed differences in the content of saponins depending on the zone of sample collection. The highest contents were found in samples from the Mountain zone, where the highest saponin contents were accompanied by the lowest foliar nitrogen contents, the highest antioxidant activity and the highest carotenoid contents. The results suggest a physiological and adaptive mechanism of saponins in plants to survive under unfavourable environmental conditions. The results have important implications for a theoretical basis for the design of a reasonable harvest, to avoid the cost of poor quality material, and also to provide a sustainable use and conservation of this important species. Further research on the effects of stress will improve our understanding of the saponins production and their physiological functions in plants, whereas they have generally been studied for their biological and chemical applications.

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3

Apablaza, G., M. Díaz, R. San Martín, and E. Moya. "Control of powdery mildew with saponins in extracts of quillay (Quillaja saponaria)." Ciencia e investigación agraria 29, no. 2 (August 5, 2002): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v29i2.417.

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4

Prado, J. Antonio, Roland Peters, and Sergio Aguirre. "Biomass equations for quillay (Quillaja saponaria mol) in the semiarid region of Central Chile." Forest Ecology and Management 16, no. 1-4 (October 1986): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(86)90006-x.

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5

Prado, José Antonio, and Sergio Aguirre A. "Funciones para la estimación de la biomasa total y componentes del quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.)." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 1, no. 1 (June 25, 1987): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.1987.22.

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El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar las funciones de biomasa que mejor estimen el peso de los árboles, para lo cual se muestrearon y pesaron completamente 50 árboles de Quillay, seleccionados de tres zonas de crecimiento de la especie. Para registrar el peso de estos árboles muestra, se separaron y pesaron en forma independiente los principales componentes que conforman el árbol, es decir, fuste, corteza, ramas y ramillas. Para determinar las mejores funciones de biomasa, se probaron modelos matemáticos lineales y alométricos, procesándolos mediante el método de regresión paso a paso. Las funciones calculadas fueron analizadas y comparadas usando varios indicadores estadísticos.

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6

Riquelme Hinojosa, Natalia Andrea, and Carla Andrea Arancibia Aguilar. "Obtención de nanoemulsiones utilizando saponinas de quillay como sustituto de un surfactante sintético." Mundo Nano. Revista Interdisciplinaria en Nanociencias y Nanotecnología 12, no. 23 (April 21, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485691e.2019.23.67654.

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<p>En los últimos años han aumentado los estudios sobre el uso de la nanotecnología en el desarrollo de alimentos saludables ya que pueden mejorar la biodisponibilidad de compuestos bioactivos debido a su pequeño tamaño de partícula (< 100 nm). Además, la creciente demanda por alimentos “más naturales” ha llevado a la industria alimentaria a sustituir los ingredientes sintéticos por otros de origen natural. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la sustitución de un surfactante sintético (<em>Tween</em> 80) por uno de origen natural (saponinas de quillay) y evaluar su efecto sobre la estabilidad física y oxidativa de nanoemulsiones saludables con aceite de palta. Para ello, se prepararon nanoemulsiones con aceite de palta como fase lipídica saludable (5% p/p) y una fase acuosa constituida por agua (89% p/p)y distintos surfactantes (6% p/p): lecitina de soya, <em>Tween</em> 80 y saponinas del quillay, sustituyendo el <em>Tween</em> 80 por saponinas del quillay de 0% a 100%. Se determinaron las propiedades físicas (tamaño de partícula, índice de polidispersidad y potencial zeta), la estabilidad física y oxidativa de las nanoemulsiones. Los resultados mostraron que la sustitución con saponinas afectó significativamente (p<0,05) las características físicas de las nanoemulsiones, las saponinas presentaron una menor efectividad en la reducción del tamaño de partícula, sin embargo mostraron un leve efecto sobre el índice de polidispersión (0,17-0,22) y potencial zeta (-38.6 - -49.9 mV). Todas las nanoemulsiones se mantuvieron estables durante los 30 días de almacenamiento a 5 y 25 ºC ya que no se observó formación de crema. La variación del pH no afectó el tamaño de partícula ni la estabilidad física de las nanoemulsiones. En relación a la estabilidad oxidativa, se observó que la adición de saponinas del quillay retardó la formación de sustancias reactivas al TBA durante los primeros 15 días de almacenamiento, sin embargo al día 30 no se observaron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) entre las diferentes nanoemulsiones. En conclusión, las saponinas del quillay pueden ser utilizadas como sustituto de un surfactante sintético para el desarrollo de nanoemulsiones saludables con buena estabilidad física y oxidativa, sin embargo este surfactante natural fue menos eficiente en la obtención de tamaños de partícula en escala nanométrica (< 100 nm).</p>

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7

Quiroz Marchant, Iván, A. Hernández, Edison García Rivas, Marta Paola González Ortega, and Hernán Soto Guevara. "Comportamiento en terreno de plantas de Quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.), producidas en diferentes volúmenes de contenedor." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 17, no. 2 (July 11, 2011): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2011.365.

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El presente trabajo entrega resultados de investigaciones realizadas por INFOR en el área de plantaciones, probando contenedores de diferentes volúmenes para la producción de plantas en vivero y su efecto sobre el prendimiento y desarrollo inicial de estas en terreno

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8

Rojas Vergara, Patricio, María Antonieta Reyes, Jaime Espejo, and Marta García Ortega. "Propuesta de producción de miel premium de quillay (Quillaja saponaria Mol.) basada en material genético selecto y huertos melíferos clonales tecnificados." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 24, no. 1 (July 15, 2018): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2018.493.

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La apicultura en Chile enfrenta una considerable pérdida de competitividad, como consecuencia de una importante reducción de su producción debida a años de sequía, procesos históricos de deforestación y cambios de uso de suelos forestales a agropecuarios. En los últimos años el cambio climático está afectando la fenología de las especies del bosque esclerófilo, la ventana de floración y la producción de yemas florales del quillay, especie de gran interés para la producción de mieles monoflorales "Premium" de alto valor comercial.

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9

Fellenberg, MA, A. Espinoza, I. Peña, and J. Alarcón. "Antioxidant and bacteriostatic effects of the addition of extract of quillay polyphenols (Quillaja saponaria) in the marinade of broiler chicken." Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola 13, no. 1 (March 2011): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-635x2011000100011.

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10

Cruz, Pablo, Alejandro Bascuñan, Juan Velozo, and Marisol Rodriguez. "Funciones alométricas de contenido de carbono para quillay, peumo, espino y litre." Bosque (Valdivia) 36, no. 3 (2015): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-92002015000300005.

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11

Muñoz Saldaña, Mercedes, Violeta Glaría, Francia Celis, and Gustavo Cruz Madariaga. "Caracterización socioeconómica de productores rurales con miras al uso combinado de productos forestales tradicionales y no tradicionales, Chile central." Ciencia & Investigación Forestal 20, no. 3 (July 13, 2014): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52904/0718-4646.2014.427.

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El objetivo del estudio es desarrollar un modelo de Uso Combinado para obtener productos forestales tradicionales (leña/carbón, biomasa quillay-boldo) y no tradicionales (ecoturismo, plantas medicinales, apicultura y otros) en el Matorral y Bosque Esclerófilo de Chile central. El modelo estará constituido con información proveniente de las realidades locales particulares de aquellos propietarios que desarrollan su vivir a partir de los elementos presentes en sus respectivos predios. Por lo tanto, es parte clave del estudio el rescate de conocimiento histórico y el desarrollo potencial de las capacidades técnicas de quienes habitan estos predios, considerando la vulnerabilidad de estos ecosistemas, desde la perspectiva de la biodiversidad y su conservación

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12

Spina, Josefina, Marco Giovannetti, and Edgardo Ferraris. "INTERROGANTES DE LA METALURGIA PREHISPÁNICA ANDINA: NUEVAS PROPUESTAS DESDE LOS HORNOS DE QUILLAY (CATAMARCA, ARGENTINA)." Chungará (Arica), ahead (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-73562017005000022.

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13

Bridi, Raquel, Gabriel Nuñez-Quijada, Patricia Aguilar, Patricia Martínez, Eduardo Lissi, Ady Giordano, and Gloria Montenegro. "Differences between phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of quillay Chilean honeys and their separated phenolic extracts." Ciencia e investigación agraria 44, no. 3 (September 2017): 251–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rcia.v44i3.1756.

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14

Lynch, Julieta, and Marco Antonio Giovannetti. "PAISAJES INKA EN EL CENTRO-OESTE DE CATAMARCA (ARGENTINA)." Latin American Antiquity 29, no. 4 (October 23, 2018): 754–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2018.50.

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Este trabajo focaliza sobre la problemática del Tawantinsuyu y su relación con las poblaciones locales en el sector centro-oeste de la provincia de Catamarca, Argentina, específicamente en los valles de Hualfín y Quimivil. Esta área tiene una ocupación humana temprana de tipo aldeana pastoril agrícola que se manifiesta en varios sitios arqueológicos con patrones locales. El arribo de los Inkas a este sector del Noroeste argentino, a partir de la primera mitad del siglo quince dC, introdujo una nueva forma paisajística manifiesta en importantes cambios. Sin embargo, la población local, con una aparente ausencia de conflicto militar, pareciera mantener algunos elementos de su identidad sin mayores transformaciones. En este trabajo exploramos los diferentes modos implementados por los Inkas para articular las realidades de la población local al momento de incorporar estos nuevos territorios. Estos temas son explorados a partir de la evidencia de los sitios arqueológicos de El Shincal, Hualfín Inka, Los Colorados, Quillay, Villavil y Villavil 2.

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15

Milanich, Nara. "To Make All Children Equal is a Change in the Power Structures of Society: The Politics of Family Law in Twentieth Century Chile and Latin America." Law and History Review 33, no. 4 (September 29, 2015): 767–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248015000474.

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In 1999, Chile became the last country in Latin America to grant full equality to all children regardless of the marital status of their parents. The Law of Filiation (Ley de Filiación) declared all children's right to know their origins, receive support from their progenitors, and participate equally in inheritance. Both supporters and critics hailed the law as transcendental, one of the most significant reforms to civil law since the promulgation of the Chilean Civil Code in 1855. On the day the law took effect, President Eduardo Frei was on hand at a civil registry office to greet the first parents arriving to solicit birth certificates, which no longer specified their children's natal status. He gave them a native quillay sapling, symbol of life and growth, adorned with a ribbon declaring, “Bienvenida, igualdad (Welcome, equality).” In succeeding months approximately 2,000,000 citizens, in a country of 15,000,000, would petition the offices of the civil registry for the new, nondiscriminatory birth certificates. One congresswoman hailed the bureaucratic flood as a “vindication of human dignity.”

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16

Reichert, Corina L., Hanna Salminen, and Jochen Weiss. "Quillaja Saponin Characteristics and Functional Properties." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 43–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-122010.

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Consumer concerns about synthetically derived food additives have increased current research efforts to find naturally occurring alternatives. This review focuses on a group of natural surfactants, the Quillaja saponins, that can be extracted from the Quillaja saponaria Molina tree. Quillaja saponins are triterpenoid saponins comprising a hydrophobic quillaic acid backbone and hydrophilic sugar moieties. Commercially available Quillaja saponin products and their composition and properties are described, and the technofunctionality of Quillaja saponins in a variety of food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical product applications is discussed. These applications make use of the biological and interfacial activities of Quillaja saponins and their ability to form and stabilize colloidal structures such as emulsions, foams, crystallized lipid particles, heteroaggregates, and micelles. Further emphasis is given to the complexation and functional properties of Quillaja saponins with other cosurfactants to create mixed surfactant systems, an approach that has the potential to facilitate new interfacial structures and novel functionalities.

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17

D’Addabbo, Laquale, Perniola, and Candido. "Biostimulants for Plant Growth Promotion and Sustainable Management of Phytoparasitic Nematodes in Vegetable Crops." Agronomy 9, no. 10 (October 7, 2019): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100616.

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The parasitism of root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., can cause heavy yield losses to vegetable crops. Plant biostimulants are often reported for a side-suppressive effect on these pests and many commercial products are increasingly included in sustainable nematode control strategies. Source materials of most biostimulants derived from plant or seaweed raw materials were documented for a reliable suppression of root-knot nematode species, whereas the suppressiveness of microbial biostimulants was found largely variable, as related to the crop and to environmental factors. Chitosan-based biostimulants were also stated for a variable phytonematode suppression, though clearly demonstrated only by a few number of studies. In a preliminary experimental case study, four commercial biostimulants based on quillay extract (QE), sesame oil (SO), seaweeds (SE), or neem seed cake (NC) were comparatively investigated for their effects against the root-knot nematode M. incognita on potted tomato. Soil treatments with all the four biostimulants resulted in a significant reduction of nematode eggs and galls on tomato roots, though NC and SO were significantly more suppressive than QE or SE. In addition, almost all biostimulant treatments also resulted in a significant improvement of tomato growth compared to the non-treated control. These preliminary results seem to confirm the literature data and clearly indicate the potential role of biostimulants for a safe nematode management both in organic and integrated crop systems.

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18

Nucci, Daniel Joseph Santiago, and Julius Liptak. "The Diagnosis and Surgical Management of Intracardiac Quill Foreign Body in a Dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 52, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6332.

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A dog was referred to Alta Vista Animal Hospital with a porcupine quill penetrating the right ventricle. The presenting complaint was tachypnea and dyspnea secondary to bilateral pneumothorax. Computed tomography revealed bilateral pneumothorax without evidence of quills. A median sternotomy was performed and the quill was removed. The dog recovered uneventfully. Quill injuries are common in dogs; however, intracardiac quill migration is rare. Dogs without evidence of severe cardiac injury secondary to intracardiac foreign bodies may have a good prognosis.

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Guevara, Jose L., Elaine S. Holmes, Jennifer Reetz, and David E. Holt. "Porcupine Quill Migration in the Thoracic Cavity of a German Shorthaired Pointer." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 51, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-6093.

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A 7 yr old German shorthaired pointer presented with progressive respiratory distress and lethargy. Two weeks prior to presentation, the dog had porcupine quills removed from the left forepaw, muzzle, and sternal area. At the time of presentation, the dog had bounding pulses and friction rubs in the right dorsal lung field. Harsh lung sounds and decreased lung sounds were ausculted in multiple lung fields. Radiographs revealed a pneumothorax and rounding of the cardiac silhouette suggestive of pericardial effusion. Computed tomographic imaging was performed and revealed multiple porcupine quills in the thoracic cavity. Surgery was performed and quills were found in multiple lung lobes and the heart. Following surgery the dog remained hypotensive. A post-operative echocardiogram revealed multiple curvilinear soft-tissue opacities in the heart. Given the grave prognosis the dog was subsequently euthanized and a postmortem examination was performed. A single porcupine quill was discovered in the left atrium above the mitral valve annulus. The quill extended across the aortic root, impinging on the coronary artery below the level of the aortic valve. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first known report of porcupine quill migration through the heart.

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20

Chapman, David M., and Uldis Roze. "Functional histology of quill erection in the porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-001.

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The histology of the porcupine's skin and subcutis is described. The functional relationships of the thoracic skin during elevation of the quills involve a smooth arrector muscle attached to quill sets, one set behind the other, with the muscle at a slant usually from a single root tip of one set to the distal part of the follicles in the caudal set. Stretched elastin returns the quills to their resting position. There is a low-resistance pathway for the tilting quill roots through loose connective tissue and fat until a collagenous strand attached to the quill set stops further tilt. The lumbosacral region (rosette) has a two-layered arrector, but it attaches to only its own quill set and inserts into the dermis. Both regions have a varied and complicated system of transverse and oblique muscles associated with the roots in a set. (The occurrence of obliques is variable in the thoracic region.) A hypothesis is presented concerning the mechanism of quill detachment from the porcupine after the quill is rammed into a predator. This involves the shearing of the conical root tip along its adherent follicular cells and a stopping device (spool) to prevent the root from self-stabbing.

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21

Arrau, Sylvia, Maité Rodríguez-Díaz, Bruce K. Cassels, Gabriela Valenzuela-Barra, Carla Delporte, Andrés Barriga, and Hugo F. Miranda. "Antihyperalgesic Activity of Quillaic Acid Obtained from Quillaja Saponaria Mol." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 19, no. 11 (July 25, 2019): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026619666190509115741.

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Background: Quillaja saponaria Mol. bark contains a high concentration of triterpene saponins that have been used for centuries as a cleansing, antiinflammatory and analgesic agent in Chilean folk medicine. In earlier studies, in mice, both the anti-inflammatory as well as the antinociceptive effect of the major sapogenin, quillaic acid have been demonstrated (QA). Objective: To determine the antihyperalgesic effect of QA one and seven days after itpl administration of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in male mice using the hot plate test in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant (HP/CFA) as an acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain model. Methods: The present study evaluated the antihyperalgesic activity of QA against acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain models in mice using the hot plate test in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant (HP/CFA), at 24 h (acute assay) and 7 days (chronic assay) , with dexketoprofen (DEX) as the reference drug. Results: In acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain assays, QA at 30 mg/kg ip elicited its maximal antihyperalgesic effects (65.0% and 53.4%) at 24 h and 7 days, respectively. The maximal effect of DEX (99.0 and 94.1 at 24 h and 7 days, respectively) was induced at 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: QA and DEX elicit dose-dependent antihyperalgesic effects against acute and chronic skeletal muscle pain, but QA is more potent than DEX in the early and late periods of inflammatory pain induced by CFA.

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22

Wilcock, B. P., and Melanie M. Williams. "Traumatic Exogenous Uveitis." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 01, no. 01 (January 1988): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633160.

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A young dog was presented to the veterinary ophthalmology service with marked unilateral anterior uveitis and blindness, extreme pain, anorexia and weight loss. Porcupine quill migration into the orbital and ocular tissues was suspected due to an encounter with a porcupine three weeks previously. Surgical orbital extenteration and exploration revealed two porcupine quill segments penetrating the oculus bulbi and extending into the orbital tissues. The location and movement of the quills within the globe and orbital muscle cone during mastication accounted for the deep pain, anorexia and weight loss. The quills incited a sterile foreign body reaction with fibroplasia and granulation tissue formation in the sclera and ciliary body. The eye was avisual due to the anterior segment structural and inflammatory changes.

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23

Peters, Anne, Kaspar Delhey, and Eva Klonczinski. "Fat quill secretion in pigeons: could it function as a cosmetic?" Animal Biology 60, no. 1 (2010): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075610x12610595764219.

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AbstractIn order to maintain functionality of the plumage, birds apply a variety of fatty substances to the feathers, usually derived from the preen gland. Such secretions could also have cosmetic functions, altering plumage reflectance, and there is indeed some evidence for such cosmetic functions of preen fats. Some birds, noticeably pigeons, use fats derived from modified feathers, so called fat quills, in a presumably similar fashion, but almost nothing is known about their putative functions. Here we present a first test of the possibility that fat quill secretion could function as a cosmetic. As models we used domestic pigeon races that produce fat quills, we first confirm their extensive use in plumage maintenance behaviour. We then assessed the effect of experimental addition and removal fat quill secretion on reflectance of white feathers using reflectance spectrometry and physiological models of avian colour vision. Addition of secretion to cleaned white feathers resulted in a significant, discriminable change in the feather reflectance spectrum, which was strikingly similar to the absorbance spectrum of passerine preen gland secretion. However, like previous studies on preen gland secretion, removal of fats from intact feathers did not significantly alter feather reflectance, indicating that fat quill secretion when present in quantities as applied by the birds does not noticeably affect plumage reflectance. Therefore we conclude that the potential for the fat quill secretion to modify plumage colour appears limited at best, and other functions, such as antibiotic defense against feather-degrading bacteria, should be considered.

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Sidhu, G. S., and D. G. Oakenfull. "A mechanism for the hypocholesterolaemic activity of saponins." British Journal of Nutrition 55, no. 3 (May 1986): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19860070.

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1. Saponins are steroid or triterpene glycosides which occur in a number of important food plants, including such staples as soya beans (Glycine max) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinurn). They are known to be hypocholesterolaemic.2. Some saponins form an insoluble complex with cholesterol which prevents its absorption from the small intestine. Others cause an increase in the faecal excretion of bile acids, an indirect route for elimination of cholesterol.3. We have investigated the effects of different saponins on absorption of the bile salt sodium cholate from perfused loops of small intestine, in vivo, in the rat. Purified saponins from soapwort (Suponaria Officinalis), soya beans and quillaia (Quillata suponaria) reduced the rate of absorption of the bile salt; soya-bean and soapwort saponins substantially so but quillaia saponin to a much lesser extent.4. These results were explained by the formation of large mixed micelles by bile acid and saponin molecules in aqueous solution. These aggregates can have molecular weights in excess of 106 daltons, consequently the bile acid molecules incorporated in them are not available for absorption.5. Control of plasma cholesterol and nutrient absorption through dietary saponins could provide substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans.

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Arrau, Sylvia, Carla Delporte, Carlos Cartagena, Maité Rodríguez-Díaz, Patricia González, Ximena Silva, Bruce K. Cassels, and Hugo F. Miranda. "Antinociceptive activity of Quillaja saponaria Mol. saponin extract, quillaic acid and derivatives in mice." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 133, no. 1 (January 2011): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.016.

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Rondonuwu, Crisye R., J. L. P. Saerang, W. Utiah, and M. N. Regar. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG KEONG SAWAH (Pila ampulacea) SEBAGAI PENGANTI TEPUNG IKAN DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KUALITAS TELUR BURUNG PUYUH (Coturnix coturnix Japonica)." ZOOTEC 38, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.38.1.2018.17395.

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SUBSTITUTION EFFECT OF FISH MEAL WITH SNAIL MEAL (Pila ampulacea) IN RATION ON QUILL EGG QUALITY (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). The objective of this study was to evaluate the substitution effect of fish meal with snail meal in ration on quill egg quality. Total of 60 quills at age of 5 weeks old were used on the period study of 8 weeks. The completely randomized design was applied in this study consisted of 4 treatments with 5 replications at each treatment. The treatments were levels of snail meal substituting fish meal in ration as follows: R0 = 0% snail meal + 15 % fish meal, R1 = 5% snail meal + 10% fish meal, R2 = 10% snail meal + 5% fish meal, R3 = 15% snail meal + 0% fish meal. Variables measured in this study were including egg weight, yolk index, albumin index, yolk color and shell thickness. Results showed that snail meal affected significantly (P<0.05) the egg weight and albumin index, did not affect yolk index, yolk color and shell thickness. Therefore, it can be concluded that substitution of fish meal with snail meal up to 15% in ration of quill produced good products of egg weight, yolk index, albumin index, yolk color and shell thickness.Key words: Snail meal, fish meal, quill egg quality.

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Ye, Weiqin, Roy M. Broughton, and Joseph B. Hess. "Chicken Feather as a Fiber Source for Nonwoven Insulation." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 1 (March 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800121.

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“Raw” chicken feathers directly from a processing plant were washed with detergent and dried. Cleaned feathers were mechanically worked to separate fibrous material from the quills and ultimately classified into two components: a fibrous material suitable for further textile processing, and a residue containing large feathers and pieces of quill. The chicken feather fiber was blended with binder fiber (sheath/core construction) and made into nonwoven batting. The battings show effective insulating properties when compared with other battings made from goose down and polyester fiber.

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de Jonge, M. I., G. Vidarsson, H. H. van Dijken, P. Hoogerhout, L. van Alphen, J. Dankert, and P. van der Ley. "Functional Activity of Antibodies against the Recombinant OpaJ Protein from Neisseria meningitidis." Infection and Immunity 71, no. 5 (May 2003): 2331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.71.5.2331-2340.2003.

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ABSTRACT The opacity proteins belong to the major outer membrane proteins of the pathogenic Neisseria and are involved in adhesion and invasion. We studied the functional activity of antibodies raised against the OpaJ protein from strain H44/76. Recombinant OpaJ protein was obtained from Escherichia coli in two different ways: cytoplasmic expression in the form of inclusion bodies followed by purification and refolding and cell surface expression followed by isolation of outer membrane complexes (OMCs). Immunization with purified protein and Quillaja saponin A (QuilA) induced high levels of Opa-specific antibodies, whereas the E. coli OMC preparations generally induced lower levels of antibodies. Two chimeric Opa proteins, hybrids between OpaB and OpaJ, were generated to demonstrate that the hypervariable region 2 is immunodominant. Denatured OpaJ with QuilA induced high levels of immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) in addition to IgG1, whereas refolded OpaJ with QuilA induced IgG1 exclusively. These sera did not induce significant complement-mediated killing. However, all sera blocked the interaction of OpaJ-expressing bacteria to CEACAM1-transfected cells. In addition, cross-reactive blocking of OpaB-expressing bacteria to both CEACAM1- and CEA-transfected cells was found for all sera. Sera raised against purified OpaJ and against OpaJ-containing meningococcal OMCs also blocked the nonopsonic interaction of Opa-expressing meningococci with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

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Švara, Tanja, Irena Zdovc, Mitja Gombač, and Milan Pogačnik. "Quill Injury – Cause of Death in a Captive Indian Crested Porcupine (Hystrix Indica, Kerr, 1792)." Macedonian Veterinary Review 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14432/j.macvetrev.2015.02.039.

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Abstract Indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) is a member of the family of Old World porcupines (Hystricidae). Its body is covered with multiple layers of quills, which serve for warning and attack if animal is threatened. However, the literature data on injuries caused by Indian crested porcupine are absent. We describe pathomorphological lesions in an Indian crested porcupine from the Ljubljana Zoo, which died after a fight with a younger male that caused a perforative quill injury of the thoracic wall, followed by septicaemia. Macroscopic, microscopic and bacteriological findings were detailed.

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30

Friedlander, Eric, Daniel Grayson, Graeme Segal, Michael Atiyah, Hyman Bass, Ken Brown, Joachim Cuntz, et al. "Daniel Quillen." Notices of the American Mathematical Society 59, no. 10 (November 1, 2012): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/noti903.

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31

Bayrou, Lucien. "Essai sur le château de Quillan." Bulletin Monumental 151, no. 1 (1993): 229–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bulmo.1993.3339.

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32

Stein, Andrew, Julia Chassman, Peter Kaufman, Nick Webster, Philip Kaufmann, and Doug Wright. "Quills." American Historical Review 106, no. 5 (December 2001): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692930.

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Stewart, Joshua Michael. "Quills." Massachusetts Review 60, no. 1 (2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mar.2019.0020.

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Chapman, David M., Gastón A. F. Giné, and Uldis Roze. "Microscopy and development of a remarkable pitted quill from the thin-spined porcupine, Chaetomys subspinosus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 97, no. 1 (January 2019): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2017-0281.

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Scanning electron microscopy shows that the quill surface from the thin-spined porcupine (Chaetomys subspinosus (Olfers, 1818)) has several regional cuticular patterns of which the most expansive is highly pitted with 4 μm wide pores leading to pits, which in turn communicate circumferentially via tunnels to neighboring pits. The cell unit of the pitted layer is a hexagonal or pentagonal prism, the “pitted fibrillous cuticular cell” (PFCC), which has a superficial pitted cuticular scale derived part with an underlying part packed with fine fibrils and the nucleus. The scaled part has about six scales, which swell and fuse except where raised cuticular scales from the inner root sheath intervene. This unique and complicated cell soon dies even while below the skin’s surface during its development. The raised scale-bearing cells of the inner root sheath leave their imprints on the PFCC’s surface, thus indicating that the quill’s pitted layer is at one time soft. Histochemistry, energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry show that the PFCC is keratinous.

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Mandell, Michael A. "Topological André–Quillen Cohomology and E∞ André–Quillen Cohomology." Advances in Mathematics 177, no. 2 (August 2003): 227–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0001-8708(02)00017-8.

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Hovey, Mark. "Quillen model categories." Journal of K-theory 11, no. 3 (March 4, 2013): 469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/is011012012jkt208.

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AbstractWe provide a brief description of the mathematics that led to Daniel Quillen's introduction of model categories, a summary of his seminal work “Homotopical algebra”, and a brief description of some of the developments in the field since.

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37

Alemán, María Mercedes, Patricia Hoc, Diego López Spahr, Carolina Yáñez, and Carlos Gómez. "Fusión, esculturas y ornamentaciones de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae." Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica 52, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 623–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31055/1851.2372.v52.n4.18842.

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Las flores de la subfamilia Papilionoideae tienen una arquitectura compleja con pétalos elaborados, en los que se ha observado la presencia de aurículas o callosidades, apéndices o espolones que articulan las piezas entre sí y de ornamentaciones principalmente en las alas. En este trabajo se analizó la morfología de las piezas de la corola de 17 especies de Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) nativas de la provincia de Salta. Todas las especies presentaron fusión entre los márgenes inferiores de la quilla que involucraba diferentes tipos de uniones a nivel de las células epidérmicas. Solo algunas de las especies estudiadas presentaron fusión en los márgenes superiores de la quilla. Todas las especies presentaron esculturas en los pétalos que servirían para articular las piezas de la corola entre sí. También presentaron ornamentaciones o microesculturaciones ubicadas en la región basal de la cara adaxial de las alas, que favorecerían el sostén de los visitantes al posarse sobre ellas. Los pétalos de las flores de Papilionoideae presentaron características que podrían restringir el tipo de polinizador capaz de activar los distintos mecanismos de polinización que le permiten acceder a las recompensas encerradas por la quilla.

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Kukka, Piia M., and Thomas S. Jung. "The cost of a prickly diet: incidents of porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) quills embedded in Wolverine (Gulo gulo)." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 3 (October 28, 2015): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i3.1727.

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The occurrence of North American Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) quills embedded in wild carnivores and domestic dogs is not rare; however, the prevalence of this occurrence and its consequences in wildlife are largely unknown. We examined 569 trapper-submitted Wolverine (Gulo gulo) carcasses for embedded porcupine quills. We observed quills in 4.6% of the wolverines, including all sex and age classes. We found quills throughout the body, and, in most cases, injury was not apparent. Observed complications, however, included bone proliferation and tissue damage to internal organs. Our data show that the occurrence of porcupine quills in Wolverine is not rare and demonstrate that, in a few cases, serious injuries may result from migrating quills.

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Iljinsky, I. M., L. S. Alexeeva, L. G. Kurenkova, A. O. Shevchenko, R. Sh Saitgareev, and V. N. Poptsov. "HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE QUILTY EFFECT." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 17, no. 3 (October 9, 2015): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2015-3-14-23.

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Aim. Identifi cation of possible histological differences of the Quilty effect in acute rejection and its absence as well as studying the proliferation of blood and lymph vessels in the area of Quilty damage.Materials and methods. 883 endomyocardial biopsy materials from 352 patients were studied. Histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson method; the endothelium of lymphatic vessels was stained with immunoperoxidase method using a marker D2-40.Results. The Quilty effect was observed both in acute rejection and inits absence. In the majority of cases the Quilty effect was of type «A» and it was combined with acute rejection. The Quilty effect of type «B» has been mostly in the G2R. Acute rejection is characterized by diffuse form of endocardium lymphoid infi ltration. Follicular form resembles lymphoid organ tissue. Different types and forms of the Quilty effect may be combined in the same biopsy. Proliferation of blood vessels presents in the area of the Quilty effect. Lymphatic vessels are missing in endocardium and in the area of the Quilty effect. They could be found only in the myocardium of endomiocardial biopsy.Conclusion. Diffuse lymphoid infi ltration of the endocardium is a characteristic feature of acute rejection of the transplanted heart. Follicular form of the Quilty effect is similar to lymphoid tissue whose role requires further study using immunohistochemical methods.

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Maier, Christiane, Jürgen Conrad, Reinhold Carle, Jochen Weiss, and Ralf Martin Schweiggert. "Phenolic Constituents in Commercial Aqueous Quillaja (Quillaja saponaria Molina) Wood Extracts." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63, no. 6 (February 6, 2015): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf506277p.

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41

Bui, Tuan Anh, and Thi Anh Nguyen. "A brief introduction to Quillen conjecture." Science and Technology Development Journal 22, no. 2 (June 14, 2019): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v22i2.1229.

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Introduction: In 1971, Quillen stated a conjecture that on cohomology of arithmetic groups, a certain module structure over the Chern classes of the containing general linear group is free. Over time, many efforts has been dedicated into this conjecture. Some verified its correctness, some disproved it. So, the original Quillens conjecture is not correct. However, this conjecture still has great impacts on the field cohomology of group, especially on cohomology of arithmetic groups. This paper is meant to give a brief survey on Quillen conjecture and finally present a recent result that this conjecture has been verified by the authors. Method: In this work, we investigate the key reasons that makes Quillen conjecture fails. We review two of the reasons: 1) the injectivity of the restriction map; 2) the non-free of the image of the Quillen homomorphism. Those two reasons play important roles in the study of the correctness of Quillen conjecture. Results: In section 4, we present the cohomology of ring which is isomorphic to the free module over . This confirms the Quillen conjecture. Conclusion: The scope of the conjecture is not correct in Quillens original statement. It has been disproved in many examples and also been proved in many cases. Then determining the conjectures correct range of validity still in need. The result in section 4 is one of the confirmation of the validity of the conjecture.

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Camy, Jean. "Les quilles en Gascogne*." Terrain, no. 25 (September 1, 1995): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/terrain.2850.

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SMITH, MICHAEL DOUGLAS. "SIR ARTHUR QUILLER-COUCH." Notes and Queries 37, no. 3 (September 1, 1990): 318—b—318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/37-3-318b.

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44

Rao, Ravi A., and Selby Jose. "Quillen–Suslin theory revisited." Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra 211, no. 2 (November 2007): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpaa.2007.02.002.

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45

SLUSHER, EUGENE. "Ralph C. Quillin, MD." Radiology 177, no. 3 (December 1990): 888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.177.3.888-a.

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46

Furutani, Kenro. "On the Quillen determinant." Journal of Geometry and Physics 49, no. 3-4 (March 2004): 366–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomphys.2003.07.001.

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47

Hanke, Bernhard, and Michael Wiemeler. "An equivariant Quillen theorem." Advances in Mathematics 340 (December 2018): 48–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2018.10.009.

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48

Menacho Agama, Jenny. "8. Estrategias de fortalecimiento de capacidades para adaptación al cambio climático en comunidades de alta montaña de la subcuenca del río Quillcay en Áncash, Perú." APORTE SANTIAGUINO 11, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32911/as.2018.v11.n1.459.

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El estudio tiene por objetivo conocer el rol que desempeña el fortalecimiento de capacidades para adaptación al cambio climático en ecosistemas de alta montaña como la subcuenca del río Quillcay. Propone estrategias viables que busquen resultados más eficaces. Para indagar sobre los temas priorizados y las mejores estrategias para fortalecer capacidades en adaptación de interés para los actores sociales de la subcuenca, se realizó un estudio exploratorio descriptivo por ser este tema poco estudiado en el contexto de ecosistemas de alta montaña y ámbitos de glaciares como las de la subcuenca Quillcay. La metodología adaptativa y flexible ha permitido constatar que el tema de cambio climático relativamente nuevo se reconoce el rol de fortalecimiento de capacidades prioritario en la percepción de los actores y útil especialmente para los campesinos, quienes sienten de manera directa los efectos del cambio climático. No existe una estrategia única, mas sí sugerencias de algunas pautas metodológicas para llevar adelante procesos de fortalecimiento de capacidades más efectivas.

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Dey, Rukmini. "Geometric quantization of the Hitchin system." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 14, no. 04 (March 8, 2017): 1750064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887817500645.

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This paper is about geometric quantization of the Hitchin system. We quantize a Kahler form on the Hitchin moduli space (which is half the first Kahler form defined by Hitchin) by considering the Quillen bundle as the prequantum line bundle and modifying the Quillen metric using the Higgs field so that the curvature is proportional to the Kahler form. We show that this Kahler form is integral and the Quillen bundle descends as a prequantum line bundle on the moduli space. It is holomorphic and hence one can take holomorphic square integrable sections as the Hilbert space of quantization of the Hitchin moduli space.

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Talavera Núñez, María Elena, Irene Zea Apaza, Corina Vera Gonzales, Julia Zea Álvarez, and Luis Rodrigo Benavente Talavera. "APLICACIÓN DEL NANOCOMPOSITO ARCILLA – CARBOXIMETILQUITOSANO - NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PLATA EN FILTROS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS DE CONSUMO DE ZONAS RURALES DE CAMANÁ, AREQUIPA." Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú 84, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 499–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.37761/rsqp.v84i4.69.

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Se formuló un filtro con un nanocompósito de arcilla-carboximetilquitosano-nanopartículas de plata, que se usó para eliminar bacterias y aniones en aguas de consumo humano. Las nanopartículas de plata se obtuvieron por reducción del nitrato de plata 1mM, con carboximetilquitosano al 0,01 % y borohidruro de sodio 2mM como iniciador de la reducción. Posteriormente, se obtuvo los filtros como recipientes con arcilla y aserrín de madera como formador de poros, en la proporción de 2:1; se moldeó, secó y sinterizó a 800°C por tres horas. Seguidamente, los filtros se impregnaron con la dispersión coloidal de carboximetilquitosano-nanopartículas de plata, por inmersión durante 12 horas. Se definieron cuatro puntos de muestreo del agua: Huacapuy, La Punta, Plaza de Quilca, Caleta de Quilca. Al evaluar la capacidad filtrante de los filtros, se encontró que se remueven: conductividad 84,03 % en La Plaza de Quilca, sulfatos 85,48 % en La Plaza de Quilca; cloruros 93,93 % en La Plaza de Quilca. Por otro lado, las bacterias coliformes fecales y coliformes totales se removieron en un 100 % en La Punta y en la Plaza de Quilca. No se encontraron bacterias coliformes en Huacapuy ni en la Caleta de Quilca. Por lo que se puede confirmar que los resultados tienen un porcentaje de remoción significativo en la eliminación de aniones, en cuanto a bacterias coliformes totales y coliformes fecales se removieron en su totalidad.

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