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1
Dixit, Shubhra, and Deepak Nagaria. "LMS Adaptive Filters for Noise Cancellation: A Review." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i5.pp2520-2529.
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This paper reviews the past and the recent research on Adaptive Filter algorithms based on adaptive noise cancellation systems. In many applications of noise cancellation, the change in signal characteristics could be quite fast which requires the utilization of adaptive algorithms that converge rapidly. Algorithms such as LMS and RLS proves to be vital in the noise cancellation are reviewed including principle and recent modifications to increase the convergence rate and reduce the computational complexity for future implementation. The purpose of this paper is not only to discuss various noise cancellation LMS algorithms but also to provide the reader with an overview of the research conducted.
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KONG, OTTO C. W. "ON EXTENDED ELECTROWEAK SYMMETRIES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 20, no. 06 (March 10, 2005): 1295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x05024195.
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We discuss extensions of the Standard Model through extending the electroweak gauge symmetry. An extended electroweak symmetry requires a list of extra fermionic and scalar states. The former is necessary to maintain cancellation of gauge anomalies, and largely fixed by the symmetry embedding itself. The latter is usually considered quite arbitrary, so long as a vacuum structure admitting the symmetry breaking is allowed. Anomaly cancellation may be used to link the three families of quarks and leptons together, given a perspective on flavor physics. It is illustrated lately that the kind of models may also have the so-called little Higgs mechanism incorporated. This more or less fixes the scalar sector and take care of the hierarchy problem, making such models of extended electroweak symmetries quite appealing candidates as TeV scale effective field theories.
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Barnard, J. C., E. I. Kassianov, T. P. Ackerman, K. Johnson, B. Zuberi, L. T. Molina, and M. J. Molina. "Estimation of a "radiatively correct" black carbon specific absorption during the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) 2003 field campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 6 (March 27, 2007): 1645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-1645-2007.
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Abstract. During the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) field campaign of 2003, measurements of the shortwave radiation field allowed the inference of the black carbon (BC) specific absorption, αλ, defined as the monochromatic absorption cross section per unit mass (with units of m2/g). The averaged values of αλ derived from the method here are either 8.9 m2/g or 8.2 m2/g at 500 nm, depending upon the physical and optical parameters assumed for BC. These results are reasonably consistent with those of Schuster et al. (2005), 9.5 m2/g, and Baumgartner et al. (2002), 7.0 m2/g, both measured at 550 nm. The αλ values reported in this paper should only be considered effective, "radiatively correct" values because when used in radiative transfer calculations the calculated irradiances match the measured irradiances at 500 nm. The specific absorption so defined can assume a wide range of values, depending upon: (1) the assumptions made prior to the retrieval (e.g., shell/core aerosol configuration), and (2) values chosen for BC density and refractive index. The range of possible values is large, corresponding to a "worst case" uncertainty of about ±70%, assuming that all errors are additive and of the same sign so that no error cancellation occurs.
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Quoc, V. D. "Robust Correction Procedure for Accurate Thin Shell Models via a Perturbation Technique." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 3 (June 7, 2020): 5832–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3615.
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This research proposes a robust correction procedure to improve inaccuracies around edges and corners inherent to thin shell electromagnetic problems by means of perturbation technique. This proposal is developed with three processes: A classical thin shell approximation replaced with an impedance-type interface condition across a surface is first considered and then a volume correction is introduced to overcome the thin shell approximation. However, the volume correction is quite sensitive to cancellation errors, with dramatic effects in the calculation of the local fields near edges and corners. Therefore, a robust correction procedure is added to improve cancellation errors of the volume correction. Each step of the developed method is validated on the practical problem.
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Jabłoński, Bartłomiej. "Transfer of Profit to Shareholders at Warsaw Stock Exchange in the Period 2009–2013." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0009.
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Abstract The Author of the article presents the results of research devoted to the forms of transfer of profit to shareholders of the companies quoted at Warsaw Stock Exchange in the period 2009–2013. The Author concluded that there are features in the group of dividend companies and another group – that of dividend companies which additionally execute share redemption and cancellation – which make them different.
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Bodznick, D., J. C. Montgomery, and M. Carey. "Adaptive mechanisms in the elasmobranch hindbrain." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 10 (May 15, 1999): 1357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.10.1357.
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The suppression of self-generated electrosensory noise (reafference) and other predictable signals in the elasmobranch medulla is accomplished in part by an adaptive filter mechanism, which now appears to represent a more universal form of the modifiable efference copy mechanism discovered by Bell. It also exists in the gymnotid electrosensory lateral lobe and mechanosensory lateral line nucleus in other teleosts. In the skate dorsal nucleus, motor corollary discharge, proprioceptive and descending electrosensory signals all contribute in an independent and additive fashion to a cancellation input to the projection neurons that suppresses their response to reafference. The form of the cancellation signal is quite stable and apparently well-preserved between bouts of a particular behavior, but it can also be modified within minutes to match changes in the form of the reafference associated with that behavior. Motor corollary discharge, proprioceptive and electrosensory inputs are each relayed to the dorsal nucleus from granule cells of the vestibulolateral cerebellum. Direct evidence from intracellular studies and direct electrical stimulation of the parallel fiber projection support an adaptive filter model that places a principal site of the filter's plasticity at the synapses between parallel fibers and projection neurons.
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Bhutia, Tshering P., Neelima Pradhan, Tsewang D. Bhutia, Rajni, and Sonam D. Bhutia. "Management of intra operative priapism after spinal anesthesia with intravenous glycopyrrolate and intracorporeal injection of ultra low dose of phenylephrine- A case report." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 348–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.065.
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Priapism following neuraxial anesthesia or general anesthesia is a rare but problematic event which may result in delay, complication or even cancellation of scheduled operations in urological endoscopic procedures. We present a case of successful management of intra operative priapism in a 32 years old male under spinal anesthesia posted for Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy (URSL) of bilateral ureteric stone.Different therapies for management of intra operative priapism have been quoted in the past like intracorporeal injection of vasopressors, dorsal penile nerve block, intravenous glycopyrrolate, intravenous ketamine/dexmedetomidine etc. In this case we treated with intravenous glycopyrrolate and intracorporeal injection of ultra low dose phenylephrine.
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Ribeiro, Bernard. "August used to be a quiet month…" Bulletin of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 89, no. 9 (October 1, 2007): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/147363507x240864.
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Against the background of Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) and the Medical Training Application Service (MTAS), August came and went without quite the catastrophe the newspapers predicted. This was because we had feared for the worst and had made preparations to ensure that our patients' care would not be affected. A recent survey by doctors.net of 180 consultants, chosen to be representative of the NHS by region and medical specialty, reported concerns that patient care had been affected during August with cancelled clinics and operating lists, although almost half of all respondents did not find any evidence of such cancellations. It was noted that there was low morale among some junior doctors who had been appointed and concern that they had been pushed into roles for which they were not adequately trained.
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Okon, J. S., and L. J. Ratliff. "Filtrations, closure operations and prime divisors." Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 104, no. 1 (July 1988): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100065221.
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AbstractLet ƒ = {In}n ≽ 0 be a filtration on a ring R, let(In)w = {x ε R; x satisfies an equation xk + i1xk − 1 + … + ik = 0, where ij ε Inj} be the weak integral closure of In and let ƒw = {(In)w}n ≽ 0. Then it is shown that ƒ ↦ ƒw is a closure operation on the set of all filtrations ƒ of R, and if R is Noetherian, then ƒw is a semi-prime operation that satisfies the cancellation law: if ƒh ≤ (gh)w and Rad (ƒ) ⊆ Rad (h), then ƒw ≤ gw. These results are then used to show that if R and ƒ are Noetherian, then the sets Ass (R/(In)w) are equal for all large n. Then these results are abstracted, and it is shown that if I ↦ Ix is a closure (resp.. semi-prime, prime) operation on the set of ideals I of R, then ƒ ↦ ƒx = {(In)x}n ≤ 0 is a closure (resp., semi-prime, prime) operation on the set of filtrations ƒ of R. In particular, if Δ is a multiplicatively closed set of finitely generated non-zero ideals of R and (In)Δ = ∪KεΔ(In, K: K), then ƒ ↦ ƒΔ is a semi-prime operation that satisfies a cancellation law, and if R and ƒ are Noetherian, then the sets Ass (R/(In)Δ) are quite well behaved.
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Pradeepa, V. "Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on Indian Industry." ComFin Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/commerce.v9i1.3512.
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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is a completely unexpected shock to the economy. The Government of India has announced measures like food security and healthcare measures, incentives to a few sectors, tax deadline extensions, housing loan moratorium scheme, time extension for electricity bill payment, cancellation, postponement of examinations, etc. to tackle this pandemic situation. With the extension of the country wide lockdown, the global economic downturn and related disruption of demand and supply chains, the economy is likely to face a protracted slowdown. This study focused on the impact of the pandemic on various sectors like manufacturing industries, banking, real estate, textile, agriculture, education, healthcare, electronics, and services. The effect of COVID-19 is going to last for quite some time, even though primary activities and industries have resumed their routine work.
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Abidin, Zaenal. "THE CASE OF INDONESIAN HAJJ PILGRIMS DEPARTING FROM THE PHILIPPINES." Dialog 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47655/dialog.v40i2.184.
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This paper explores the challenges and issues of Hajj handling through the Philippines, the treatment to Indonesian 177 detained pilgrims and the government efforts to resolve the issues. The limited Indonesian hajj quota has caused long waiting lists for enthusiastic pilgrims to perform the fifth pillar of Islam. In some regions, such as South Sulawesi, this waiting list can take up to 40 years. The high enthusiasm of South Sulawesi people has been sought as an opportunity by travel agents to embark the pilgrims through the neighboring country whose quota has not yet fulfilled, e.g. the Philippines. As many as 177 Indonesian pilgrims during the hajj season 1438H/2016 have been processed through the Philippines agency by forging documents. This action resulted in the cancellation of hajj departure and the detention of the pilgrims by the Philippines authority. These pilgrims are detained in the Special Intensive Care Area (SICA) with minimum facilities. Through diplomatic discussion among the Indonesian Embassy in Manila, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Religious Affairs and Indonesian Police Agency, these 177 pilgrims have been released and sent home.
KEY WORDS: Hajj Through the Phillipines, Waiting List, Illegal Documents
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Kalra, Dheeraj, Manish Kumar, Aasheesh Shukla, Laxman Singh, and Zainul Abdin Jaffery. "Design Analysis of Inductorless Active Loaded Low Power UWB LNA Using Noise Cancellation Technique." Frequenz 74, no. 3-4 (March 26, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2019-0080.
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AbstractThis paper includes a design analysis of an inductorless low-power (LP) low-noise amplifier (LNA) with active load for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) applications. The proposed LNA consists of two parallel paths, one is the common source (CS) path and second is the CG path. The CG path has the edge advantage of improving overall Noise figure (NF) due to wide band impedance matching in UWB, while the CS path provides high power gain. A method for noise cancellation is adopted, to reduce the noise of CS path with the help of CG path. The proposed LNA successfully simulated in 90 nm CMOS technology. The results of proposed work indicate optimization at frequency 5.70 GHz with 3 dB bandwidth of 4.3 GHz–8.9 GHz. All simulations have been done for a range of frequency 03 GHz–13 GHz in Cadence virtuoso software. The results quoted 1.15 dB NF, −18.12 dB S11, 13.7 dB S21, maximum operating power gain (GP) 11.756 dB at frequency 5.7 GHz and available power gain (GA) is 10.17 dB at frequency 8.61 GHz, with 0.6 V, 0.92 mW broad band LNA.
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Hu, Cheng Jun, and Yuan Zheng. "Active Control of Low Frequency Linear Spectrum by Estimating Receivers Location." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 385–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.385.
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An approach to actively control the low frequency linear spectrum in vessel navigation noise is proposed. The approach relies on the introduction of a secondary noise-cancellation source which is fixed aboard and whose signal generation uses the estimated location knowledge of the receiver. Loss of underwater acoustic transmission is modeled and Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to analyze the noise-reduction effects under different location estimation errors. Simulation results show that bearing estimation error is the predominant factor affecting the radius of the effective noise-reduction region, while distance estimation error has considerable effect only when the perpendicular distance from the receiver to vessels course is quite small. Besides, when bearing estimation error is less than 1.2° and distance estimation error is less than 80%, satisfactory noise reduction region can be obtained using the approach.
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Devrangadi, Hardik, Rithwik Goel, Vishnusai Reddy Tadiparthi, and Mohammed Kalender Shihab. "Policy Management System: Overview." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 2, 2021): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05250.
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For any insurance contract to see the light of day, a particular process flow is usually followed. This process flow begins with the customer calling an agent to obtain insurance, and ends with the customer receiving a quote for the coverage. Precision methods focus on improving precision and quality and on planning measures that absolutely address issues and meet the necessary requirements. Unlike automation where the focus is on speeding up tasks and processes, a precision-based approach is centered around improving the quality of the process. More current practices call for ceaselessly examining and retooling tasks/operations to achieve ever more noteworthy business esteem. In this paper, the Insurance Policy Administration System is covered in detail. The format, layout, and key details that the insurance policy entails are thoroughly covered. Some key functionalities like The Policy Submission, Risk Analysis, Policy changes and renewals, Policy cancellation in a typical Policy Administration System are reviewed. Since the Policy Administration System cannot be a standalone service and has to be used along with external systems, the integration of this typical policy administration system with an external system like a user management system is also discussed.
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Michaux, Michael A., Aldo A. Ferri, and Kenneth A. Cunefare. "Effect of Tangential Dither Signal on Friction Induced Oscillations in an SDOF Model." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 3 (February 12, 2007): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2727486.
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This work examines how friction-induced oscillations in a traditional mass-on-a-moving-belt system are affected by high-frequency excitations, commonly referred to as dither signals. Two different friction laws are considered: a Stribeck friction law governed by a relationship that is cubic in the slip velocity, and an exponentially-based friction law that steadily decreases with slip velocity. Although in both cases the friction force has an initial negative slope versus relative velocity, their stability characteristics are quite different. In particular, it is shown that tangential dither can either stabilize or destabilize an initially stable system, depending on the nature of the friction law, and on other system and dither parameters. The behavior of the systems is studied through use of an averaging technique and through direct numerical simulation. The numerical study validates the stability predictions from the averaging method, and quantifies the partial-cancellation performance of tangential dither.
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Newberry, Sterling. "Is It Possible to Produce Micro-Gravity in Our Own Lab?" Microscopy Today 3, no. 9 (November 1995): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500065779.
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Wouldn't it be nice to have some kind of laboratory hood in which gravity is greatly reduced so we could grow more perfect crystals or do biological experiments without having to go into orbit. There was a report in Science last year which hinted that gravity cancellation or modification just might be possible some day, but I doubt that any of our readers noticed it. The title was “Inertia: Does Empty Space Put Up the Resistance?”. One has to read this news report carefully to find that physicists have long pondered the connection between the inertial property of mass and the gravitational attraction between masses and that the work quoted here, suggests that once inertia is understood it might be controlled, even canceled. Upon inquiry the editor, Robert Matthews found other physicists believed that the ability to modify inertia could soon be tested experimentally but remarked that “it is a bit too early to be talking about inertia free star ships.”
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PADMANABHAN, T. "GRAVITY AS ELASTICITY OF SPACETIME: A PARADIGM TO UNDERSTAND HORIZON THERMODYNAMICS AND COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT." International Journal of Modern Physics D 13, no. 10 (December 2004): 2293–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271804006358.
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It is very likely that the quantum description of spacetime is quite different from what we perceive at large scales, l≫(Gℏ/c3)1/2. The long wavelength description of spacetime, based on Einstein's equations, is similar to the description of a continuum solid made of a large number of microscopic degrees of freedom. This paradigm provides a novel interpretation of coordinate transformations as deformations of "spacetime solid" and allows one to obtain Einstein's equations as a consistency condition in the long wavelength limit. The entropy contributed by the microscopic degrees of freedom reduces to a pure surface contribution when Einstein's equations are satisfied. The horizons arises as "defects" in the "spacetime solid" (in the sense of well-defined singular points) and contributes an entropy which is one quarter of the horizon area. Finally, the response of the microstructure to vacuum energy leads to a near cancellation of the cosmological constant, leaving behind a tiny fluctuation which matches with the observed value.
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Alves, Mariana Carlos, Andreia Leitão Marques, Helena Barros Leite, Ana Paula Sousa, and Teresa Almeida-Santos. "Procriação Medicamente Assistida em Ciclo Natural: Avaliação dos Resultados de um Departamento de Medicina da Reprodução." Acta Médica Portuguesa 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.10195.
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Introduction: Medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle has been investigated, especially in women with poor response to conventional ovarian stimulation, with endometrial receptivity improvement, lower cost and possibility of successive cycles. The disadvantages are: lower profitability per treatment cycle and higher cancellation rate. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of clinical pregnancy in infertile women subjected to medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle.Material and Methods: Retrospective study of 149 medically assisted reproduction without ovarian stimulation of 50 infertile women, between January/2011 and October/2014.Results: The mean age of women undergoing medically assisted reproduction in natural cycle was 36.1 years. Approximately half (46.0%) of the cycles were performed in poor responders. On the day of ovulation trigger, the mean diameter of the follicle was 17.5 mm. Twenty-three cycles (15.4%) were canceled prior to ovulation trigger. In 8 cycles (5.3%), ovulation occurred between ovulation trigger and oocyte retrieval. In the majority of cycles (n = 118; 79.2%) oocyte retrieval was executed, a medically assisted reproduction technique was performed in 71 (47.6%), mostly intracytoplasmic injection. The overall fertilization rate was 77.5%. In 40 cycles (26.8%) there was embryo transfer. The implantation rate and the clinical pregnancy rate by embryo transfer was 35.0% and 25.0%, respectively. Most pregnancies occurred in poor responders, according to Bologna criteria.Discussion: Although the pregnancy rate per cycle started was 6.7%, the rate of clinical pregnancy per embryo transfer is quite satisfactory, being a group of women with unfavorable responses in previous treatments. The relatively high rates of cycle cancellation are mitigated by the greater simplicity and lower cost of these cycles.Conclusion: The results obtained in this study demonstrate that Medically Assisted Reproduction in natural cycle may be an alternative treatment for ovarian stimulation in patients with poor prognosis, whose only alternative would be oocyte donation.
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Ariprabowo, Tri, and R. Nazriyah. "Pembatalan Putusan Arbitrase oleh Pengadilan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014." Jurnal Konstitusi 14, no. 4 (February 9, 2018): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.31078/jk1441.
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Kewenangan pengadilan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa melalui arbitrase antara lain, putusan arbitrase harus didaftarkan di Pengadilan Negeri. Menurut Mahkamah, Penjelasan Pasal 70 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 1999 Tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa (UU AAPS) menambah norma baru dan menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Pasal 70 UU AAPS tersebut sudah cukup jelas (expressis verbis), yang justru menimbulkan multi tafsir adalah penjelasan pasal tersebut sehingga menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum yang adil. Mahkamah menyatakan bahwa, Penjelasan Pasal 70 UU AAPS bertentangan dengan Pasal 28 ayat (1) UUD 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan mengikat. Dengan adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014, bagi para pihak yang tidak puas terhadap putusan arbitrase mempunyai peluang yang lebar untuk dapat pengajukan permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase tanpa harus dibuktikan terlebih dahulu di Pengadilan. Hak para pihak untuk mengajukan permohonan pembatalan putusan arbitrase sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 70 UU AAPS dapat dikesampingkan berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama para pihak. Dengan demikian putusan arbitrase yang merupakan mahkota seorang Arbiter tidak mudah “tercabik” oleh suatu kepentingan. Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 15/PUU-XII/2014 harus diapresiasi dan secepatnya direspon oleh pembentuk undang-undang untuk merevisi UU No. 30 Tahun 1999 terkait dengan mekanisme pembatalan putusan arbitrase setelah adanya putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi tersebut.The jurisdiction of the court in the process of resolving disputes through arbitration among other arbitral rulings shall be registered in the district court. According to the Court, the Explanation of Article 70 of Law No. 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution (Act AAPS) adds new norms and creates legal uncertainty. Article 70 of the AAPS Act is quite clear (expressis verbis), the thing which leads to multiple interpretations is an explanation of the article so that this rises fair legal uncertainty. It stated that, Explanation of Article 70 of AAPS Law is contrary to Article 28 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution and has no binding force. By the decision of the Constitutional CourtNumber 15/PUUXII/2014, for the parties which are not satisfied with the arbitration decision, this provides wide opportunities to pursue cancellation request of arbitral decision without having been proofed in court. The rights of the parties to apply for the cancellation of an arbitral award under Article 70 of AAPS Law may be waived by mutual agreement of the parties. Thus the arbitration award which is the crown of an arbitrator does not easily "torn apart" by an interest.Constitutional Court decision should be appreciated and quickly responded to by the legislators to revise Law No. 30, 1999 related to the cancellation mechanism arbitration decision after the decision of the Constitutional Court.
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Mott, P. H., and C. M. Roland. "Uniaxial Deformation of Rubber Cylinders." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 68, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 739–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538770.
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Abstract Stress, strain and optical birefringence measurements were made on elastomeric cylinders deformed in tension and compression. The birefringence data enables the actual stress to be determined even when the deformation is not homogeneous. In the absence of lubricant, uniaxially loaded rubber cylinders deviate from homogeneous deformation due to bonding of the cylinder ends. The existing analysis to correct the force-deflection curve for the effect of this sticking, strictly valid for infinitesimal strains, is premised on the idea that the deformed cylinder has a parabolic profile. Experimentally, however, it was found that slender rubber cylinders assume a much flatter profile, while maintaining constant volume, when deformed. Nevertheless, the accuracy of the stress-strain curve when the standard correction is applied turns out to be quite good, partially a result of cancellation of two, relatively small, errors. This accuracy was assessed by comparison of force-deflection data from bonded cylinders both to stress-strain data obtained on lubricated cylinders and to the stresses deduced from the measured birefringence.
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Kahnert, M., and A. Devasthale. "Black carbon fractal morphology and short-wave radiative impact: a modelling study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2011): 23103–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-23103-2011.
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Abstract. We investigate the impact of the morphological properties of freshly emitted black carbon aerosols on optical properties and on radiative forcing. To this end, we model the optical properties of fractal black carbon aggregates by use of numerically exact solutions to Maxwell's equations within a spectral range from the UVC to the mid-IR. The results are coupled to radiative transfer computations, in which we consider six realistic case studies representing different atmospheric pollution conditions and surface albedos. The spectrally integrated radiative impacts of black carbon are compared for two different fractal morphologies, which brace the range of recently reported experimental observations of black carbon fractal structures. We also gauge our results by performing corresponding calculations based on the homogeneous sphere approximation, which is commonly employed in climate models. We find that at top of atmosphere the aggregate models yield radiative impacts that can be as much as 2 times higher than those based on the homogeneous sphere approximation. An aggregate model with a low fractal dimension can predict a radiative impact that is higher than that obtained with a high fractal dimension by a factor ranging between 1.1–1.6. Although the lower end of this scale seems like a rather small effect, a closer analysis reveals that the single scattering optical properties of more compact and more lacy aggregates differ considerably. In radiative flux computations there can be a partial cancellation due to the opposing effects of differences in the optical cross sections and asymmetry parameters. However, this cancellation effect can strongly depend on atmospheric conditions and is therefore quite unpredictable. We conclude that the fractal morphology of black carbon aerosols and their fractal parameters can have a profound impact on their radiative forcing effect, and that the use of the homogeneous sphere model introduces unacceptably high biases in radiative impact studies. We emphasise that there are other potentially important morphological features that have not been addressed in the present study, such as sintering and coating of freshly emitted black carbon by films of organic material.
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Wang, Qinghao, Dengkai Yao, Guhao Zhao, and Hongwei Wang. "Research on Airspace Planning for Stand-off and Compound Jamming." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 36, no. 6 (December 2018): 1176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20183661176.
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A radar adopts anti-jamming techniques such as side lobe cancellation and moving target indication, resulting in the worsening of the effects of single active jamming and passive jamming. Therefore a compound jamming strategy was proposed and can effectively respond to the anti-jamming device of the new radar. The conditions for the use of this strategy were defined. Based on the military airspace planning principles, taking into account human error, wind and other errors, the specific process of airspace planning was elaborated. Taking into account the effects of compound jamming and the safety of a jammer, an airspace model for stand-off and compound jamming was established. The Whale Optimization Algorithm (WAO) with Tent chaotic sequence was used to solve the model and the airspaces with different preferences were planned. The simulation results show that the model is scientific and effective. The optimization ability of the WOA of with tent chaotic sequence is better than WAO. In addition, the planning direction is quite different in Simulation 1 and Simulation 2, with a maximum of 99°. The compound jamming for stand-off jamming in airspace planning is more flexible and has more advantages in multiple military planning airspaces.
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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. "The ontological law of Tawhid contra ‘Shari’ah-compliance’ in Islamic portfolio finance." International Journal of Law and Management 60, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 413–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-01-2017-0001.
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Purpose The purpose of this study/paper is the generalized ontological law of monotheism (unity of knowledge) and its functioning in the financial world system is summarized and contrasted with the recent conception of “shari’ah-compliance”. Thereby, some specific rulings of shari’ah-compliance in Islamic finance are critically annulled. The principal problem of the inability of shari’ah-compliance in the formalism of rate-setting and debt cancellation is pointed out in analytical ways. The alternative valuation models in the light of the Tawhidi ontological law are formalized. Many important issues are examined in analytical and Tawhidi authentic ways of Islamic law contra to shari’ah-compliance. Design/methodology/approach The epistemological approach commencing from the Tawhidi ontological law is used as the premise of developing analytical formalism to counter the irrelevant rulings done by the field of shari’ah compliance. Thereby, endogenous moral and ethical foundations are studied in deriving analytical finance models of asset valuation, rate-determination and debt cancellation. Findings Substantive analytical results are derived for intellection in the area of the primal ontological law of Tawhid that negates many of the rulings framed up in shari’ah-compliance area of Islamic law. These results can guide financial academia, practitioners and policymakers. Research limitations/implications The paper can be expanded subsequently to the area of analytical Islamic finance in general by further investigating the Modigliani and Miller theorem on optimal debt-equity structure of corporate finance. An introduction to this study is provided in this paper as a starting point of dealing with the debt problem of shari’ah-compliance. Practical implications The paper presents important guidance as input for the rulings of shari’ah-compliance idea held by shari’ah advisory boards and similar institutions presently operating at the financial level. Social implications The paper presents a subtle transformation of the social and financial order in the light of the Tawhidi ontological law quite differently from the way that shari’ah-compliance envisions. Originality/value The theoretical and projected applied perspectives in analytical finance presented in this paper provide a methodological worldview for all areas of social finance with ethical consciousness. Such analytical approach is much needed today in the reconstruction of global finance in the scale of ethics and away from the sole focus on capital market efficiency.
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Pratap, N., PK Singh, R. Shekhar, SK Soni, and AK Mall. "Genetic variability, character association and diversity analyses for economic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18326.
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One hundred high yielding rice genotypes were evaluated to determine character association, variability and diversity for grain yield, yield components and quality characters. High estimates of heritability, genetic advance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation were recorded for panicle hill-1, flag leaf area and grain yield hill-1. Majority of the traits showed significant and positive associations between yield and yield components like biological yield hill-1 followed by harvest-index as most important traits which need due consideration at the time of devising selection strategy. Thus, presence of several contrasting types of inter-relationships simultaneously would bring improvement in others due to correlated responses. Path analysis might have resulted into cancellation of contrasting associations by each other which ultimately lead to lowering of the net impact. This suggested that selection would be quite efficient in improving yield and yield components in context of germplasm evaluated. The crossing between superior genotypes of above diverse cluster pairs may provide desirable transgressive segregants for developing high yielding varieties of aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Thus, hybridization of Swarna of cluster XI with promising genotypes of cluster VI (Narendra 118, Vandana, Narendra 1, Akashi and Narendra 97) is recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v10i2.18326 SAARC J. Agri., 10(2): 83-94 (2012)
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Kahnert, M., and A. Devasthale. "Black carbon fractal morphology and short-wave radiative impact: a modelling study." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 22 (November 24, 2011): 11745–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11745-2011.
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Abstract. We investigate the impact of the morphological properties of freshly emitted black carbon aerosols on optical properties and on radiative forcing. To this end, we model the optical properties of fractal black carbon aggregates by use of numerically exact solutions to Maxwell's equations within a spectral range from the UVC to the mid-IR. The results are coupled to radiative transfer computations, in which we consider six realistic case studies representing different atmospheric pollution conditions and surface albedos. The spectrally integrated radiative impacts of black carbon are compared for two different fractal morphologies, which brace the range of recently reported experimental observations of black carbon fractal structures. We also gauge our results by performing corresponding calculations based on the homogeneous sphere approximation, which is commonly employed in climate models. We find that at top of atmosphere the aggregate models yield radiative impacts that can be as much as 2 times higher than those based on the homogeneous sphere approximation. An aggregate model with a low fractal dimension can predict a radiative impact that is higher than that obtained with a high fractal dimension by a factor ranging between 1.1–1.6. Although the lower end of this scale seems like a rather small effect, a closer analysis reveals that the single scattering optical properties of more compact and more lacy aggregates differ considerably. In radiative flux computations there can be a partial cancellation due to the opposing effects of different error sources. However, this cancellation effect can strongly depend on atmospheric conditions and is therefore quite unpredictable. We conclude that the fractal morphology of black carbon aerosols and their fractal parameters can have a profound impact on their radiative forcing effect, and that the use of the homogeneous sphere model introduces unacceptably high biases in radiative impact studies. We emphasise that there are other potentially important morphological features that have not been addressed in the present study, such as sintering and coating of freshly emitted black carbon by films of organic material. Finally, we found that the spectral variation of the absorption cross section of black carbon significantly deviates from a simple 1/λ scaling law. We therefore discourage the use of single-wavelength absorption measurements in conjunction with a 1/λ scaling relation in broadband radiative forcing simulations of black carbon.
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Fanina, E. "EFFICIENT ACOUSTIC COMPOSITE PANELS BASED ON GRAPHITE." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 6, no. 4 (May 7, 2021): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2021-6-4-82-90.
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A set of experimental studies is carried out to determine the acoustic characteristics of three-dimensional panels of fixed thickness made of carbon-based composite material installed in the opening between the reverberation chambers. Sound insulation indices are determined when they are excited by a diffuse sound field in wide frequency ranges. The reverberation time in model chambers with different partition configurations is calculated. The optimal configuration of the partition with pyramidal cells to reduce the reverberation time in the rooms is determined. The use of graphite in the form of thin membrane applied to various surfaces can significantly reduce the sound pressure levels in the room and increase the sound insulation indices of air noise. In addition to thin membrane, graphite can be used as an additive in composite materials for sound insulation purposes. It is shown that the characteristics of such panels are quite universal. The measured acoustic characteristics of composite panels are compared with similar characteristics of traditional materials. It is determined that the composition belongs to the I group of fire-retardant efficiency and can be recommended for use as a fire-retardant material. The developed acoustic material is an effective absorbing agent that solves problems in architectural acoustics, echo cancellation in construction and architecture. Similar to metamaterials, natural and artificial graphites allow to solve these problems with small volumes and masses using simple and inexpensive technologies.
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Melnichenko, O. O., A. L. Piruzyan, and I. M. Korsunskaya. "Diffuse hair loss in women: causes and therapeutic approach." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 12 (October 7, 2020): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-12-60-63.
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Throughout human history, women have paid great attention to the beauty of their hair, and modern women are no exception. About 63% of young American women use different nutritional supplements to prevent hair loss. Diffuse hair loss is quite common in women and can occur against the background of various events: pregnancy, pre- and post-menopause, chronic diseases, etc. The most common is telogen effluvium (TE), which begins 2-3 months after the trigger event. Usually, TE process stops on its own, but can also become chronic. For many women, pregnancy and associated psycho-emotional stress become the triggering event, and in 75% of cases hair loss can become chronic.In fact, TE is a violation of the hair growth cycle. First of all, it is necessary to exclude the trigger factor from the patient's life and only then to start normalizing the hair growth cycle and improve the quality of hair follicle nutrition. The most effective topical remedy for the treatment of diffuse hair loss is minoxidil. The reasons for its clinical effectiveness have not been fully studied, but it is known that it prolongs the hair growth phase. Unfortunately, after cancellation of the drug, hair loss is often renewed. Avoiding these effects is possible with a comprehensive approach to therapy. Inclusion of additional components in the therapy scheme, such as vitamin and mineral complexes, growth stimulants, specialized care products, allows to maintain and improve the results of treatment with minoxidil.
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Hynek, Nik, and Vit Stritecky. "The rise and fall of the Third Site of Ballistic Missile Defense." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 43, no. 2 (April 29, 2010): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2010.03.002.
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The present article examines the tumultuous development in the issue of the Third Site (also known as the Third Pillar) of the US Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) that was planned to be hosted by the Czech Republic and Poland. The article analyzes the entire ‘life cycle’ of the project, from its formal proposal in 2007 by the former U.S. President George W. Bush to its cancellation in 2009 by the current U.S. President Barak Obama. Without any doubts, the Third Site of BMD put Poland and the Czech Republic at the centre of international security politics and as such allows one to see how the two post-communist countries acted and reacted to related international positions, expectations and challenges. A detailed analysis of this issue, nevertheless, does not exhaust aims of this article. Whether brief or detailed, any look at the coverage of the issue reveals that the Czech Republic and Poland have invariably been lumped together through the construction of the imagery of the New Europe as a homogeneous political bloc. It will be argued that such a view is flawed and needs refinement. In order to back the claim, the issue of the Third Site is put into a historical context, revealing that the differences between the Czech and Polish international-security preferences and expectations after the end of the Cold War have been quite stable – including the most recent development after the project has been shelved by the United States, and can thus be conceived of in dialectical terms.
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Wardani, Dyah Mustika. "HOTEL RESERVATION POLICY PADA MASA PANDEMI : REFUND, RESCEDULE ATAU CANCEL DI LABUANBAJO." Jurnal Pariwisata 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/par.v8i1.10021.
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ABSTRAKDengan adanya pandemic, pembatalan pemesanan hotel meningkat, yang menyebabkan tergangunya operasional hotel dan menyebabkan banyak karyawan hotel yang akhirnya harus mengalami pemutusan hubungan kerja atau dirumahkan untuk sementara waktu. Penelitian ini dibuat untuk mengetaui apa saja yang menjadi pertimbangan tamu sehingga memutuskan untuk membatalkan pemesanan kamarnya, lalu bagaimana altenatif yang diberikan oleh hotel untuk mempertahankan agar tamu tetap memutuskan untuk datang di waktu yang lain. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam peneltian ini yaitu kualitatif. Sampel yang digunakan adalah hotel bintang 4 dan 3 dengan jenis hotel resort dan bisnis hotel yang ada di Labuan Bajo Nusa Tenggara Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa altenative yang paling efektif digunakan yaitu melalui penjadwalan ulang pemesanan kamar dengan bentuk voucher yang dapat digunakan kapan saja tanpa batas waktu maksimal. Metode ini cukup efektif dalam membuat opeasional hotel tetap berjalan dan tidak merugikan tamu yang mengambil voucher tersebut. Kata kunci : Hotel , Pemesanan kamar, Kebijakan ABSTRACTWith the pandemic, cancellations of hotel bookings have increased, disrupting hotel operations and causing many hotel employees to end up being laid off or temporarily laid off. This research was made to find out what the guests considered so that they decided to cancel their room bookings, then how are the alternatives provided by the hotel to keep guests deciding to come at another time. The research method used in this research is qualitative. The samples used were 4 and 3 star hotels with the type of resort hotel and hotel business in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara. The results showed that the most effective alternative to use was through rescheduling of room reservations in the form of vouchers that can be used anytime without a maximum time limit. This method is quite effective in keeping hotel operations running and not detrimental to guests who take the vouchers. Keywords : Hotel , Reservation, Policy
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Fukushima, Junko, Teppei Akao, Norihito Takeichi, Sergei Kurkin, Chris R. S. Kaneko, and Kikuro Fukushima. "Pursuit-Related Neurons in the Supplementary Eye Fields: Discharge During Pursuit and Passive Whole Body Rotation." Journal of Neurophysiology 91, no. 6 (June 2004): 2809–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01128.2003.
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The primate frontal cortex contains two areas related to smooth-pursuit: the frontal eye fields (FEFs) and supplementary eye fields (SEFs). To distinguish the specific role of the SEFs in pursuit, we examined discharge of a total of 89 pursuit-related neurons that showed consistent modulation when head-stabilized Japanese monkeys pursued a spot moving sinusoidally in fronto-parallel planes and/or in depth and with or without passive whole body rotation. During smooth-pursuit at different frequencies, 43% of the neurons tested (17/40) exhibited discharge amplitude of modulation linearly correlated with eye velocity. During cancellation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex and/or chair rotation in complete darkness, the majority of neurons tested (91% = 30/33) responded. However, only 17% of the responding neurons (4/30) were modulated in proportion to gaze (eye-in-space) velocity during pursuit-vestibular interactions. When the monkeys fixated a stationary spot, 20% of neurons tested (7/34) responded to motion of a second spot. Among the neurons tested for both smooth-pursuit and vergence tracking ( n = 56), 27% (15/56) discharged during both, 62% (35/56) responded during smooth-pursuit only, and 11% (6/56) during vergence tracking only. Phase shifts (relative to stimulus velocity) of responding neurons during pursuit in frontal and depth planes and during chair rotation remained virtually constant (≤1 Hz). These results, together with the robust vestibular-related discharge of most SEF neurons, show that the discharge of the majority of SEF pursuit-related neurons is quite distinct from that of caudal FEF neurons in identical task conditions, suggesting that the two areas are involved in different aspects of pursuit-vestibular interactions including predictive pursuit.
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Tripathi, Abhinava, Vipul Vipul, and Alok Dixit. "Limit order books: a systematic review of literature." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 12, no. 4 (June 17, 2020): 505–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-07-2019-0080.
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Purpose This study aims to provide a systematic literature review of the research study in the area of limit order book (LOB) mechanism of trading and its implications for market efficiency. The study attempts to document the recent theoretical developments and empirical findings from the literature exhaustively and identifies the research gaps for future research. Design/methodology/approach The study uses seven reputable databases to select 2,514 research studies spanning over 1981-2018 (finally compressed to a pool of 103 articles, based on relevance and impact). The study uses bibliometric network visualization and text analytics to categorize and examine the literature. The chosen articles are compiled and analyzed to provide a comprehensive account of the current research on LOBs. Findings The recent LOB literature is summarized on various criteria as follows: sub-areas, the types of economies and markets, methodologies and the LOB measures. The review identifies a dearth of studies on the LOBs in emerging markets. It suggests the potential research areas as intraday studies in emerging LOB markets; application of market indicators based on deeper levels of LOB, beyond the best prices; market fragmentation, order routing decision and its impact on order execution quality; optimal display of LOB levels; liquidity dynamics in quote-driven markets vis-à-vis LOB markets; effect of high-frequency trading on market microstructure; application of advanced techniques (e.g. machine learning models, zero-intelligent models); relationship between the trading speed, order aggressiveness, shape and resilience of the order book and informed trading; and information content of the auxiliary order submission strategies, including cancellation, amendments and hidden orders. Originality/value For the past 15 years, to the best of the knowledge, a comprehensive review of the literature on LOBs has not been published. The financial markets have transformed significantly over this period, driven by the adoption of LOBs, low latency trading and technological advancements in information dissemination. This article provides an extensive collection and classification of the literature on LOBs. This would be useful for the practitioners, future researchers and academics in the area of financial markets.
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Liang, Zheni. "The Third-Party Revocation Action System: Status Quo, Theoretical Controversy and Improvement." Journal of Politics and Law 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n4p139.
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The third-party revocation action is a new system established in the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China of 2012. Although the academic community is quite controversial, it is undeniable that due to the increasing use of the judicial system to infringe on the rights and interests of others. For example, infringement of the lawful rights and interests of the parties or third parties through false litigation, malicious litigation, imposing litigation, etc., the third-party revocation action as a system that can effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of third parties outside the case has great practical significance in China. Therefore, how to better understand and apply the third-party revocation system has become a problem that must be paid attention to by the current theoretical and practical circles. On the basis of introducing the system of revocation of the third party in China, the article discusses the existing problems such as the scope of the parties, the litigation procedure and the application of similar procedures.The article proposes that the third party with independent claim and the third party without independent claim should be brought into the scope of the third-party revocation action’s subject. As for the choice of the procedure, the procedure of first instance should be applied to the trial of the third-party revocation action. When a lawsuit and an application for retrial by an outsider can be applied simultaneously, the litigant can only be allowed to choose one procedure. If the litigant simultaneously initiates a lawsuit for cancellation by a third party and the outsider applies for retrial, the third-party revocation action shall be applied preferentially.
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Fridström, Margareta, Peter Sjöblom, Åke Pousette, and Torbjörn Hillensjö. "Serum FSH levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome during ovulation induction using down-regulation and urofollitropin." European Journal of Endocrinology 136, no. 5 (May 1997): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1360488.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate retrospectively the use of serum FSH levels and to correlate them with follicular growth in a clinical ovulation induction program. Methods: Twenty women with infertility due to anovulation associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were studied. The patients were down-regulated with a long GnRH agonist protocol and stimulated with purified urofollitropin, using a low-dose step-up regimen. Repeated serum samples were drawn and transvaginal ultrasound scans were performed. During the exogenous FSH therapy serum FSH levels resulting in continuous follicular growth were analyzed, as well as the rates of ovulation, pregnancy, cancellation and conversion to in vitro fertilization (IVF). Results: Thirty-two out of fifty treatment cycles led to ovulation, resulting in five term pregnancies. Eight cycles were converted to IVF/embryo transfer due to multiple follicular growth. They resulted in two pregnancies. Ten cycles were cancelled because of impaired follicular growth. The serum FSH levels (median 6 IU/l) resulting in continuous growth of the follicles were relatively stable within patients (variation 15%) but varied considerably between patients (45%). The relationship between FSH dose and serum level was different for lean and obese PCOS patients after subcutaneously injected urofollitropin. Conclusions: There seems to be a difference in resorption/metabolism between lean and obese PCOS patients with regard to s.c. injected FSH. The intra-patient coefficient of variation (C.V.) of the serum FSH response level was quite low, as was the C.V. of the FSH dose at the response level. This allowed a more rapid dose adjustment in subsequent cycles. Analysis of serum FSH during induction of ovulation with gonadotropins seems to be of limited value in clinical programs. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 488–492
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Zhang, Yang, Sijia Yu, Ling Wan, and Tingting Lin. "Processing of Underground Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data for Underground River Detection: A Case Study in Doumo Tunnel, Guizhou, China." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 25, no. 3 (September 2020): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32389/jeeg19-083.
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Underground nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is introduced to detect the risk of groundwater-induced disasters in the underground engineering such as tunnels and mines. However, underground NMR is in practice often limited to the extremely low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). On the one hand, small coils are necessary to be used to detect water in the narrow underground space, which decreases the amplitude of the excited signal. On the other hand, the weak signal is submerged in quite serious electromagnetic noise which is generated from the electrical installations. The low SNRs emphasize the importance of using an optimal post-processing strategy to obtain the reliable underground NMR data. The objective of this paper is to explain the processing of underground NMR data taking the detection of the underground river in Doumo Tunnel as an example. We have evaluated the noise condition in Doumo Tunnel and the noise level of 0.6760 nV/m2 was found in this area. At such a high noise level, the reliable underground NMR signal is difficult to be extracted and the credible depth profile of water content is unable to be provided. Then, we have analyzed the noise interference. Although de-spiking algorithm and reference-based noise cancellation method were applied to remove the major noise sources, the underground NMR signal is still invisible. There is still a lot of additive noise remained, so time-frequency peak filtering method is further used to suppress the remaining noise. The performance of the proposed post-processing strategy is tested on the underground NMR data from the underground river. The result was consistent with the geological structure, which is demonstrated to be able to directly provide a security pre-warning of the underground engineering.
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Smith, Christopher J., Ryan J. Kramer, Gunnar Myhre, Kari Alterskjær, William Collins, Adriana Sima, Olivier Boucher, et al. "Effective radiative forcing and adjustments in CMIP6 models." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 16 (August 17, 2020): 9591–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9591-2020.
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Abstract. The effective radiative forcing, which includes the instantaneous forcing plus adjustments from the atmosphere and surface, has emerged as the key metric of evaluating human and natural influence on the climate. We evaluate effective radiative forcing and adjustments in 17 contemporary climate models that are participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and have contributed to the Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP). Present-day (2014) global-mean anthropogenic forcing relative to pre-industrial (1850) levels from climate models stands at 2.00 (±0.23) W m−2, comprised of 1.81 (±0.09) W m−2 from CO2, 1.08 (± 0.21) W m−2 from other well-mixed greenhouse gases, −1.01 (± 0.23) W m−2 from aerosols and −0.09 (±0.13) W m−2 from land use change. Quoted uncertainties are 1 standard deviation across model best estimates, and 90 % confidence in the reported forcings, due to internal variability, is typically within 0.1 W m−2. The majority of the remaining 0.21 W m−2 is likely to be from ozone. In most cases, the largest contributors to the spread in effective radiative forcing (ERF) is from the instantaneous radiative forcing (IRF) and from cloud responses, particularly aerosol–cloud interactions to aerosol forcing. As determined in previous studies, cancellation of tropospheric and surface adjustments means that the stratospherically adjusted radiative forcing is approximately equal to ERF for greenhouse gas forcing but not for aerosols, and consequentially, not for the anthropogenic total. The spread of aerosol forcing ranges from −0.63 to −1.37 W m−2, exhibiting a less negative mean and narrower range compared to 10 CMIP5 models. The spread in 4×CO2 forcing has also narrowed in CMIP6 compared to 13 CMIP5 models. Aerosol forcing is uncorrelated with climate sensitivity. Therefore, there is no evidence to suggest that the increasing spread in climate sensitivity in CMIP6 models, particularly related to high-sensitivity models, is a consequence of a stronger negative present-day aerosol forcing and little evidence that modelling groups are systematically tuning climate sensitivity or aerosol forcing to recreate observed historical warming.
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Knier, Kit, Adriana Morales Gomez, Joanna Yang Yowler, Chris Pierret, and Linda M. Scholl. "55564 Interactive mindfulness and dialogue sessions are integral components of research training." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.569.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This work demonstrates the integration of interactive mindfulness and dialogue sessions in curricula is both desired by students and effective in conferring resilience, a protective factor that may aid in maintaining wellbeing of trainees interested in pursuing graduate studies in biomedical research and science. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To support student futures in the field of biomedicine, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biological Sciences utilized digital platforms to deliver a summer research program in the summer of 2020. One goal of this program, in addition to scholastic outcomes and research experience, was to support and improve the wellbeing of college student participants. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Following the cancellation of in-person summer research programs, students were invited to attend a digital Summer Foundations in Research program. The 4-week program included 4 small group dialogue sessions led by trained facilitators and 4 large group mindfulness seminars followed with 3 Q/A style small group sessions. Surveys were delivered on days 1, 27, and 3 months following the program. Wellbeing measures included Brief Resilience, Perceived Stress, and Satisfaction with Life Scales. Students were prompted to indicate how worthwhile they found course components and comment on why they rated each component the way they did. Wellbeing results were assessed using paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Thematic analysis was used to interpret qualitative results. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Students improved across all wellbeing measures at the program conclusion, including resilience (mean difference(SE) pre- to post-program +0.22(0.06) p=0.0007), perceived stress (-1.71(0.66) p=0.0116), and life satisfaction (+1.57(0.52) p=0.0037). Gains in resilience were maintained 3 months out (pre-program to 3 month survey +0.28(0.06) p<0.0001). To our surprise, mindfulness was the highest rated component of the research program with 85% (121/142) of students rating the mindfulness component ‘extremely’ or ‘quite worthwhile.’ At 3 months, 81% (74/91) reported continued use of one or more skills learned in the mindfulness sessions. Student comments endorsed the perceived importance of interactive mindfulness and dialogue sessions to the program and to careers in biomedical science and research. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Our results support the use of interactive mindfulness and dialogue programming as a participant supported, evidence-based approach to strengthen the resilience of undergraduate students pursuing careers in biomedicine. In the future, booster programming may be considered to maintain improvements in perceived stress and life satisfaction.
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Lykhonosov, Mykola P., Alina Yu Babenko, Viktor A. Makarin, and Yury N. Fedotov. "The frequency of formation of a motivated refusal to take androgenic anabolic steroids by men with recreational activity." Problems of Endocrinology 65, no. 5 (November 23, 2019): 341–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/probl12108.
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BACKGROUND: The widespread use of AAS for non-medical purposes is more than often becoming the cause of secondary hypogonadism. The study of the formation of the negative attitude towards the use of AAS among the gym visitors is quite relevant.
AIMS: To identify the frequency of the formation of a motivated refusal to continue taking androgenic anabolic steroids among men who voluntarily declared their use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 44 men, all users of AAS. There has been estimated the effectiveness of the clinical examination: how ready they were to disclose information about the use of AAS (drugs, doses, regimens, duration) or how much they were aware of the mechanisms of action of AAS and their effects on the body. The participants were also asked to evaluate their psychological and emotional state (on the scale Index of life satisfaction, Hamiltons depression, aggressiveness). The experience of our informational lectures on the topic Risks of using AAS prior to the selection of volunteers for research, anonymous surveys and interviews with potential participants in the clinical trial, the clinical work itself with the selected volunteers, the characteristic features of a medical history and tests that we identified were compared with clinical recommendations for hypogonadism diagnostic (domestic and foreign).
RESULTS: More than 105 gym visitors responded positively to a motivated offer (free medical consultation and laboratory tests) to participate in a clinical study. Based on the results of the individual interview, 54 men (51.4%) who indicated the use of AAS signed an informed consent. 44 volunteers (41.9%) completed all stages of the study. Among them, 32 participants (72.7%) were aware of the mechanisms of action and side effects of AAS. 21 volunteers (47.7%) filled in the scales. The index of life satisfaction was determined as high, equal to 34 [29; 38] points; the index of aggressiveness was higher than the generally accepted standard and composed 27 [25; 29] points, the level of depression corresponded to a mild depressive disorder, equal to 9 [3; 12] points. Over the use of AAS 22.7% (n = 10) of the examined noted an increase in aggressiveness, which they themselves associated with the use of steroids. The clinical symptoms of hypogonadism (decreased libido, erectile dysfunction) after the cancellation of AAS were indicated by 25% (n = 11) of the volunteers and that was one of the reasons they continued to use anabolics. 31.8% (n = 14) of the participants were ready to completely stop using the steroids.
CONCLUSIONS: Individual informational interviews aimed at providing knowledge about the negative effects of steroids on the body motivated the desire to stop using them amongst 31.8% of AAS users. The obtained data points out to a developed AAS addiction which requires the involvement of psychiatrists to get rid of it.
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Hu, Zeng-Zhen, and Bohua Huang. "Interferential Impact of ENSO and PDO on Dry and Wet Conditions in the U.S. Great Plains." Journal of Climate 22, no. 22 (November 15, 2009): 6047–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jcli2798.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The influence of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) interference on the dry and wet conditions in the Great Plains of the United States has been examined using monthly observational datasets. It is shown that both ENSO and PDO can generate a similar pattern of atmospheric and oceanic anomalies over the eastern part of the North Pacific and western North America that has significant impact on the climate over the Great Plains. Furthermore, the relationship between ENSO–PDO and climate anomalies in the Great Plains is intensified when ENSO and PDO are in phase (El Niño and warm PDO or La Niña and cold PDO). On average, anomalies over the Great Plains favor wet (dry) conditions when both ENSO and PDO are in the positive (negative) phase. However, when ENSO and PDO are out of phase, the relationship is weakened and the anomalies over the Great Plains tend toward neutral. Without ENSO, PDO alone does not affect the North American climate significantly. The relationship is quite robust for different seasons, with the strongest effects for the months of spring and the weakest effects for the months of autumn, whereas the months of winter and summer fall in between. The seasonality of the relationship may be associated with the seasonal dependence of the anomalies of general circulation and the pattern of mean seasonal cycle in the North Pacific. The contrasting impact of the interference of ENSO and PDO on the climate anomalies in the Great Plains is associated with differences in the ocean–atmosphere anomalies. When ENSO and PDO are in phase, the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend from the equatorial Pacific to the higher latitudes of the North Pacific via the eastern ocean. The distribution of the corresponding anomalies of sea level pressure (SLP) and the wind at 1000 hPa form an ellipse with a southeast–northwest orientation of the long axis because the SST anomalies promote coherent changes in SLP in the central North Pacific. In the upper troposphere, a similar teleconnection pattern with the same sign generated by ENSO and PDO is overlapped and enhanced, which favors anomaly (dry and wet) conditions in the Great Plains. However, when ENSO and PDO are out of phase, the SST anomalies have the same sign in the tropical and central North Pacific, which is opposite to the anomalies near the west coast of North America. The anomalously cyclonic circulation over the North Pacific is weaker in the out-of-phase situation than in the in-phase situation. The distribution of the anomalies of SLP and the wind at 1000 hPa resembles a circle. Meanwhile, in the upper troposphere, ENSO and PDO generate a similar teleconnection pattern with opposite sign, causing cancellation of the anomalous circulation and favoring neutral climate in the Great Plains.
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Várkonyi-Kóczy, Annamária R. "Special Issue on Selected Papers WISP'99." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2001.p0001.
Full textAbstract:
Today's complex industrial and engineering systems - especially with the appearance of large-scale embedded and/or real-time systems - confront researchers and engineers with completely new challenges. Measurement and signal processing systems are involved in almost all kinds of activities in that field where control problems, system identification problems, industrial technologies, etc., are to be solved, i.e., when signals, parameters, or attributes must be measured, monitored, approximated, or determined somehow. In a large number of cases, traditional information processing tools and equipment fail to handle these problems. Not only is the handling of previously unseen spatial and temporal complexity questionable but such problems have also to be addressed such as the interaction and communication of subsystems based on entirely different modeling and information expression methods, the handling of abrupt changes within the environment and/or the processing system, the possible temporal shortage of computational power and/or loss of some data due to the former. Signal processing should even in these cases provide outputs of acceptable quality to continue the operation of the complete system, producing data for qualitative evaluations and supporting decisions. It means the introduction of new ideas for specifying, designing, implementing, and operating sophisticated signal processing systems. Intelligent - artificial intelligence, soft computing, anytime, etc. - methods are serious candidates for handling many theoretical and practical problems, providing a better description, and, in many cases, are the best if not the only alternatives for emphasizing significant aspects of system behavior. These techniques, however, are relatively new methods and up until now, not widely used in the field of signal processing because some of the critical questions related to design and verification are not answered properly and because uncertainty is maintained quite differently than in classical metrology. After the initiation of the 1999 IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing, WISP'99, which was the first event to start linking scientific communities working in the fields of intelligent systems and signal processing and hoping that it will attract more and more scientists and engineers in these hot topics, this special issue continues this pioneering work by offering a selection of nine papers fitting into the profile of the journal from the numerous high quality ones presented at WISP'99. These excellent papers deal with different aspects of advanced computational intelligence in signal processing, including the application of neural networks, fuzzy techniques, genetic and anytime algorithms in modeling, signal processing, noise cancellation, identification, and pattern recognition, multisensorial information fusion and intelligent classification in image processing, exact and nonexact complexity reduction, and nonclassical and mixed data and uncertainty representation and handling. As an editor of this special issue, I would like to express my thanks to all of the contributors and my belief in that the excellent research results it contains provide the basis for further strengthening and spreading of advanced computational intelligence in signal processing opening wide possibilities for new theoretical and practical achievements.
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Nivala, Elina, and Päivikki Rapo. "Insights into social pedagogical research and discussion in Northern Europe – Report from NERA2018 Congress in Oslo." Papers of Social Pedagogy 9, no. 2 (September 4, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4388.
Full textAbstract:
The 46th NERA Congress was held on March 8th to 10th 2018 at the University of Oslo. NERA is the Nordic Educational Research Association that brings together researchers in the field of educational sciences in the Nordic countries. An essential part of the association and of the congress are NERA’s 24 networks that are organised around different subject areas in educational sciences like early childhood research, youth research etc.. There is a network also for social pedagogy. Its aim is to develop and strengthen the cooperation between researchers and professional groups, engaged or interested in the field of social pedagogy, in the Nordic countries and even wider in Northern Europe like in Poland and Germany. It is currently coordinated by six researchers from five different countries: Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Poland and Sweden. The theme for NERA2018 congress was Educational Research: Boundaries, Breaches and Bridges. The Social pedagogy network had organized altogether four sessions during the congress dealing with topical issues in the field of social pedagogical research. These sessions included two roundtable discussions, the first one dealing with sensitive research and the second one on social pedagogy at schools. In addition to the roundtables there was one symposium considering research in the area of asylum seekers and refugees, and one session was for traditional paper presentations. The countries that were represented in network sessions were Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Finland, and Poland. The sessions awakened animated conversations between participants. One common topic of the discussed issues related to the role and transformation of social pedagogy in changing societies. The sessions of the social pedagogy network were opened up by the roundtable discussion on sensitive research. The leading question for the short presentations of the roundtable participants was: how to research in cooperation with extremely vulnerable people. We heard two interesting presentations by Irena Dychawy Rosner from Malmö University and by Aneta Ostaszewska from the University of Warsaw that giuded us to a discussion about how to support the participation in social pedagogical research of e.g. women working in prostitution so that not just their anonymity and well-being during the research process are secured but also their autonomy and agency could be supported. The research examples shown in the presentations were so fascinating that the discussion around them filled up all the time of the roundtable although we had planned to have four presentations instead of two but there had been two cancellations. The second session following the roundtable was a traditional paper presentation session. Even this session had one last minute cancellation – we assumed it was because of the flue season – so we had two presentations by Jan Arvid Haugan from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and Vilborg Jóhannsdóttir from the University of Iceland. Jan Arvid’s presentation was on ’Coping strategies and resilience in upper secondary school’. He shared with us some social pedagogically interesting findings about the background factors behind school drop-out. He himself told us that he was not familiar with the social pedagogical discussion but he had thought that his research findings could be of use in our field when we are trying to find out ways how to support the integration of young people. And he certainly had right. Vilborg’s presentation on the other hand was very interesting for another reason: it was about Icelandic social pedagogy, which differs quite a lot from the understandings of social pedagogy in other Nordic countries. In Iceland, the social pedagogical practice concerns almost only work with people with disabilities. The professional education, role and perspectives of social pedagogy have developed in line with the paradigm change rooted in the CRPD (Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities), which has replaced the medical understanding of disability by the social relational understanding of disability. For example in Finland, the social pedagogical discussion and practice have focused very little on people with disabilities. The second roundtable was on social pedagogy at schools. There were four short presentations leading to a common discussion about the role that social pedagogy and social pedagogues have and could have at schools in different Nordic countries. Vilborg Jóhannsdóttir shared us more thoughts on social pedagogy in Iceland concentrating now on the work that the social pedagogues are doing in inclusive schools. Their role seems to be very essential in supporting the education of disabled children and young people in ’normal’ schools but it is at the same time quite controversal. Amela Pacuka from the Oslo Metropolitan University asked us in her presentation: What social pedagogy is for? She had a very critical perspective towards social pedagogy as it is practiced in Norway at schools: trying to find a balance between measurement, quality assurance, testing and relations work. Margareta Fehland and Mikael Boregren from Malmö University presented a project that they have been working on developing a new way of listening to kids in school. Their presentation roused a lively discussion about empathy and about the possiblity to teach empathy in social pedagogical studies. Interestingy, discussion about empathy and about teaching empathy has just recently awaken in the Finnish social pedagogical discussion. Eija Raatikainen, Leigh Anne Rauhala and Seija Mäenpää from Metropolia University of Applied Sciences have published an article about professional empathy called ’Qualified Empathy: A key element for an empowerment professional’ in the Finnish journal of social pedagogy. It is available online in English (Raatikainen, Rauhala, Mäenpää 2017). The last peresentation in the roundtable was about social pedagogical thinking at schools in Finland, presented by Elina Nivala from the University of Eastern Finland. It described social pedagogy as an approach rather than a profession meaning that different professionals at school can have a social pedagogical orientation in their work: A teacher, a special education teacher, a school social worker and even a school nurse can have a social pedagogical mindset in their work e.g. when building pedagogical relations and working holistically with the pupils, supporting their participation and finding ways to strengthen the school community and well-being of everybody at schools. All of them can be considered social pedagogues at schools if they want to develop their work based on social pedagogical thinking. The last session organised by the Social pedagogy network was the symposium called ’How to research in the area of asylum seekers and refugees’. It included originally six presentations: two from Finland and four from Denmark but two of those from Denmark were cancelled. The two presentations from Finland were ’Acts of citizenship in reception centre’ by Päivikki Rapo, and ’Life on hold? – A research project on agency and belonging of asylum seekers’ by Elina Nivala, both of them from the University of Eastern Finland. The Danish presentations were ’How do asylum-seekers experience a sense of meaningfulness in their everyday life in asylum-centres’ Anna Ørnemose, Lene Løkkegård and Lis Leleur, and ’Creating a sense of meaning in connection to school attendance of unaccompanied asylum seeking children’ by Nadia Klarsgaard & Kasper Drevsholt, all of them from the University College of Northern Denmark (UCN). The symposium had a wonderful opportunity to provide an arena for comparative discussion about social pedagogigal asylum research, which is a relatively new field in both countries. Discussions were animated but there could have been more time for comparative perspectives. This shows the need for more research and discussions on this field between different countries. One of the discussed topics concerned asylum seeker women and their possibilities to participation. According to observations of Danish researchers in an asylum center in Denmark, asylum seeker women were denied to get their own spaces. This was argumented with ideas of gender equality in Danish society. In Finland, the challenges on physical spaces of reception centres have also been discussed. Rapo (2018) made an ethnographic research in a Finnish reception centre for her master's thesis. In the observed reception centre, women's fragile position was understood and it was taken into account but even then some restrictions of spaces were noticed only later. It will be interesting to follow how practicies related to gender will transform in reception centres, as questions concerning gender, religion, culture and participation in Western societies are challenging. It is obvious that knowledge on participation and agency of asylum seeker and refugee women is much needed, and social pedagogical research could provide valuable perspectives and tools to produce it. All in all, the presentations and discussions during the sessions showed us very clearly that there is a lot of interesting research and work done in the field of social pedagogy in the Nordic countries. They also illustrated explicitly that the traditions in social pedagogical discussion and practice do differ quite a lot between different Nordic countries. Due to this, there should be more discussion about how social pedagogical practicies have developed historically in different societies and how they are defined theoretically. It is important to discuss critically how social pedagogical work is in practice but it would be of utmost importance to discuss as well how the practices are understood and represented in theory: what is it that makes something social pedagogical, how can it be conceptualised and what makes it different from other fields of practice. And the same goes to research: are there some elements that make research social pedagogical. We hope that the next NERA congress in Uppsala, Sweden on March 6th to 8th will provide an as lively arena for discussions than the previous one did and even more opportunities for critical reflection and shared moments of new understanding. We welcome all new researchers interested in social pedagogy to join us there.
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Fuller, Graham E. "Freedom and Security." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v22i3.466.
Full textAbstract:
The DebateQuestion 1: Various commentators have frequently invoked the importance of moderate Muslims and the role that they can play in fighting extremism in the Muslim world. But it is not clear who is a moderate Muslim. The recent cancellation of Tariq Ramadan’s visa to the United States, the raids on several American Muslim organizations, and the near marginalization of mainstream American Muslims in North America pose the following question: If moderate Muslims are critical to an American victory in the war on terror, then why does the American government frequently take steps that undermine moderate Muslims? Perhaps there is a lack of clarity about who the moderate Muslims are. In your view, who are these moderate Muslims and what are their beliefs and politics?
GEF: Who is a moderate Muslim? That depends on whom you ask and what that person’s (or government’s) agenda is. Moderate is also a quite relative term, understood differently by different people. For our purposes here, let’s examine two basically different approaches to this question: an American view and a Middle Eastern view of what characterizes a moderate Muslim. Most non-Muslims would probably define a moderate Muslim as anyone who believes in democracy, tolerance, a non-violent approach to politics, and equitable treatment of women at the legal and social levels. Today, the American government functionally adds several more criteria: Amoderate Muslim is one who does not oppose the country’s strategic and geopolitical ambitions in the world, who accepts American interests and preferences within the world order, who believes that Islam has no role in politics, and who avoids any confrontation – even political – with Israel. There are deep internal contradictions and warring priorities within the American approach to the Muslim world. While democratization and “freedom” is the Bush administration’s self-proclaimed global ideological goal, the reality is that American demands for security and the war against terror take priority over the democratization agenda every time. Democratization becomes a punishment visited upon American enemies rather than a gift bestowed upon friends. Friendly tyrants take priority over those less cooperative moderate and democratic Muslims who do not acquiesce to the American agenda in the Muslim world. Within the United States itself, the immense domestic power of hardline pro-Likud lobbies and the Israel-firsters set the agenda on virtually all discourse concerning the Muslim world and Israel. This group has generally succeeded in excluding from the public dialogue most Muslim (or even non-Muslim) voices that are at all critical of Israel’s policies. This de facto litmus test raises dramatically the threshold for those who might represent an acceptable moderate Muslim interlocutor. The reality is that there is hardly a single prominent figure in the Muslim world who has not at some point voiced anger at Israeli policies against the Palestinians and who has not expressed ambivalence toward armed resistance against the Israeli occupation of Palestinian lands. Thus, few Muslim leaders enjoying public legitimacy in the Muslim world can meet this criterion these days in order to gain entry to the United States to participate in policy discussions. In short, moderate Muslimis subject to an unrealistic litmus test regarding views on Israel that functionally excludes the great majority of serious voices representative of genuine Muslim thinkers in the Middle East who are potential interlocutors. There is no reason to believe that this political framework will change in the United States anytime soon. In my view, a moderate Muslim is one who is open to the idea of evolutionary change through history in the understanding and practice of Islam, one who shuns literalism and selectivism in the understanding of sacred texts. Amoderate would reject the idea that any one group or individual has a monopoly on defining Islam and would seek to emphasize common ground with other faiths, rather than accentuate the differences. Amoderate would try to seek within Islam the roots of those political and social values that are broadly consonant with most of the general values of the rest of the contemporary world. A moderate Muslim would not reject the validity of other faiths. Against the realities of the contemporary Middle East, a moderate Muslim would broadly eschew violence as a means of settling political issues, but still might not condemn all aspects of political violence against state authorities who occupy Muslim lands by force – such as Russia in Chechnya, the Israeli state in the Palestine, or even American occupation forces in Iraq. Yet even here, in principle, a moderate must reject attacks against civilians, women, and children in any struggle for national liberation. Moderates would be open to cooperation with the West and the United States, but not at the expense of their own independence and sovereignty.
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Fuller, Graham E. "Freedom and Security." American Journal of Islam and Society 22, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v22i3.466.
Full textAbstract:
The DebateQuestion 1: Various commentators have frequently invoked the importance of moderate Muslims and the role that they can play in fighting extremism in the Muslim world. But it is not clear who is a moderate Muslim. The recent cancellation of Tariq Ramadan’s visa to the United States, the raids on several American Muslim organizations, and the near marginalization of mainstream American Muslims in North America pose the following question: If moderate Muslims are critical to an American victory in the war on terror, then why does the American government frequently take steps that undermine moderate Muslims? Perhaps there is a lack of clarity about who the moderate Muslims are. In your view, who are these moderate Muslims and what are their beliefs and politics?
GEF: Who is a moderate Muslim? That depends on whom you ask and what that person’s (or government’s) agenda is. Moderate is also a quite relative term, understood differently by different people. For our purposes here, let’s examine two basically different approaches to this question: an American view and a Middle Eastern view of what characterizes a moderate Muslim. Most non-Muslims would probably define a moderate Muslim as anyone who believes in democracy, tolerance, a non-violent approach to politics, and equitable treatment of women at the legal and social levels. Today, the American government functionally adds several more criteria: Amoderate Muslim is one who does not oppose the country’s strategic and geopolitical ambitions in the world, who accepts American interests and preferences within the world order, who believes that Islam has no role in politics, and who avoids any confrontation – even political – with Israel. There are deep internal contradictions and warring priorities within the American approach to the Muslim world. While democratization and “freedom” is the Bush administration’s self-proclaimed global ideological goal, the reality is that American demands for security and the war against terror take priority over the democratization agenda every time. Democratization becomes a punishment visited upon American enemies rather than a gift bestowed upon friends. Friendly tyrants take priority over those less cooperative moderate and democratic Muslims who do not acquiesce to the American agenda in the Muslim world. Within the United States itself, the immense domestic power of hardline pro-Likud lobbies and the Israel-firsters set the agenda on virtually all discourse concerning the Muslim world and Israel. This group has generally succeeded in excluding from the public dialogue most Muslim (or even non-Muslim) voices that are at all critical of Israel’s policies. This de facto litmus test raises dramatically the threshold for those who might represent an acceptable moderate Muslim interlocutor. The reality is that there is hardly a single prominent figure in the Muslim world who has not at some point voiced anger at Israeli policies against the Palestinians and who has not expressed ambivalence toward armed resistance against the Israeli occupation of Palestinian lands. Thus, few Muslim leaders enjoying public legitimacy in the Muslim world can meet this criterion these days in order to gain entry to the United States to participate in policy discussions. In short, moderate Muslimis subject to an unrealistic litmus test regarding views on Israel that functionally excludes the great majority of serious voices representative of genuine Muslim thinkers in the Middle East who are potential interlocutors. There is no reason to believe that this political framework will change in the United States anytime soon. In my view, a moderate Muslim is one who is open to the idea of evolutionary change through history in the understanding and practice of Islam, one who shuns literalism and selectivism in the understanding of sacred texts. Amoderate would reject the idea that any one group or individual has a monopoly on defining Islam and would seek to emphasize common ground with other faiths, rather than accentuate the differences. Amoderate would try to seek within Islam the roots of those political and social values that are broadly consonant with most of the general values of the rest of the contemporary world. A moderate Muslim would not reject the validity of other faiths. Against the realities of the contemporary Middle East, a moderate Muslim would broadly eschew violence as a means of settling political issues, but still might not condemn all aspects of political violence against state authorities who occupy Muslim lands by force – such as Russia in Chechnya, the Israeli state in the Palestine, or even American occupation forces in Iraq. Yet even here, in principle, a moderate must reject attacks against civilians, women, and children in any struggle for national liberation. Moderates would be open to cooperation with the West and the United States, but not at the expense of their own independence and sovereignty.
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Walker, Stephanie. "Low Volume, Funding, Staffing and Technical Problems are Key Reasons for Discontinuation of Chat Reference Services." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 2, no. 3 (September 5, 2007): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b80k5h.
Full textAbstract:
Objective – To investigate the reasons behind the cessation of 9 virtual (chat) reference services.
Design – Multiple case-study investigation
Setting – Academic, public, and special libraries in the United States.
Subjects – Five academic libraries, 1 public library, and 3 library consortia.
Methods – The initial method used to identify discontinued chat reference services was via a posting to DIG_REF, the digital reference services listserv. From this initial posting, librarians on the list also suggested other cases, for a total of 7. Two cases later came to the authors’ attention and were added. The 9 cases included academic libraries, a public library, and consortia who used tools provided by four major software vendors, giving a good cross-section of the types of libraries participating in VR and the major software packages available at the time. A contact person for each discontinued service was invited to participate. The participants were geographically scattered, so data were collected via e-mail questionnaires, telephone interviews, and examination of available documents describing the services, audiences, demographics, operations, and any decision-making processes either for starting or discontinuing the service. The authors then compared and contrasted results obtained from the 9 services. The authors analysed reasons for discontinuation of services, the decision making processes, volume of questions, service hours, marketing, evaluation, and whether the service might be restarted at some time in the future.
Main Results – Although the VR services discussed were being delivered by diverse organizations, some commonalities emerged. All 9 services used existing staff and added chat reference to their duties. In all but one case, the hours of service offered when VR began were within the hours that the libraries were already open to the public. In the exception (Case E), there were hours of service after the libraries were closed, from 7-10 p.m. These shifts were covered by librarians working from home.
Decisions to either begin or suspend services were generally made by small informal groups or committees. Some cases began with pilot studies and received positive responses. Other than these pilot studies, little pre-planning appeared to have been done. For example, there were no extensive advance surveys or studies to determine potential demand or markets for the service, or projected costs and benefits. Only one service had a strong, multi-stage evaluation plan. In future launches of virtual reference services, both extensive pre-planning and detailed measures for evaluation could be helpful in avoiding some problems.
Major reasons for discontinuation fell into 6 categories: funding problems, staffing problems, technical problems, institutional culture conflicts, low usage overall or low usage by target populations. A table (Table 1) was included that actually listed 7 categories of reasons for discontinuation, but the last one listed, “Software Change,” is discussed as part of “Technical Problems” in the text, though it is separated in the table (527). This is not immediately clear in the article, and thus the table is slightly confusing. Four cases reported funding problems as the major reason for discontinuation. Low volume or low volume for target population were primary reasons for discontinuation by 4 cases, and secondary reasons for discontinuation by 4 cases. If one combines primary and secondary categories in this table, low volume is the most frequently cited reason for discontinuation. Low volume was determined to be “driven by a complex combination of variables including marketing strategies, insufficient hours of operation, and [failure to provide] an ample amount of time for a service to gain momentum” (527-528).
Funding was cited as the primary reason for cancellation in 4 cases. Technical problems were listed as primary or secondary factors for suspension of service in 2 cases, and software change was the secondary factor behind the suspension of service in 2 cases; one service reported that up to one third of chat sessions were ‘lost” (527). In many cases, these sites were early adopters of VR, or even beta test sites, so technical issues are perhaps not surprising.
Staffing was the primary or secondary reason for discontinuation in a total of 3 cases. Staffing problems included insufficient questions to keep staff interested; however, concerns about extending service hours and thereby putting additional pressure on existing staff were also raised. Clashes in institutional cultures were reported as secondary reasons for discontinuation of the service in 2 consortia. It should be noted that the sample size is small; as the authors point out, the literature on unsuccessful or discontinued virtual reference services is quite limited.
Pop-up surveys were used by some cases to evaluate service success and user satisfaction. User satisfaction was reported as being high, but return rates for the surveys were very low, as can be expected since pop-ups are often blocked or ignored. The authors recommend alternative means of evaluation, such as focus groups and more detailed surveys. The authors also discuss alternative technologies and user expectations for services such as IM or SMS text messaging, and suggest evaluation of user expectations and desires in these areas.
One question which arose was what constituted success in chat reference – was it usage/volume, or some other measure, such as whether chat reference queries were answered correctly more frequently than reference questions asked in other ways, such as by telephone or in person. Other key concerns identified include the importance of strong marketing, service usability, and the importance in a consortial environment of having someone responsible on a full-time basis for directing and spearheading the project. Many of the suspended services reported that they could potentially become re-interested in VR service, as issues are resolved and the technologies available mature.
Finally, the authors provide detailed recommendations for single and consortial VR services, and offer directions for future research. Some suggestions for future research include ways to bridge the apparent gulf between expectations and technological preferences of users versus those of librarians and others staffing these services, as they often appear to have marked differences. Other areas of interest could include causes for low question volume, and possible relationships among various factors contributing to such poor usage along with an investigation of what makes successful services work well. Research on IM or SMS reference services as compared to those using other chat technologies and cost-effectiveness studies or evaluations based on goals and measured outcomes are also needed.
Conclusion – VR services have had erratic success rates and bumpy beginnings, but many libraries report continued interest The libraries in this study all indicated that they would consider, or are considering, re-starting such services. Issues of staffing, technological usability and reliability, institutional culture, funding, marketing, and volume are key. As services and technologies mature, interest in offering VR services in one form or another continues to grow.
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Kourkoulou, Ioanna, Alberto Nicolis, and Guanhao Sun. "A technical analog of the cosmological constant problem and a solution thereof." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 4 (April 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep04(2021)247.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The near vanishing of the cosmological constant is one of the most puzzling open problems in theoretical physics. We consider a system, the so-called framid, that features a technically similar problem. Its stress-energy tensor has a Lorentz-invariant expectation value on the ground state, yet there are no standard, symmetry-based selection rules enforcing this, since the ground state spontaneously breaks boosts. We verify the Lorentz invariance of the expectation value in question with explicit one-loop computations. These, however, yield the expected result only thanks to highly nontrivial cancellations, which are quite mysterious from the low-energy effective theory viewpoint.
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"On Some Issues of Citizenship and Legal Status of Foreigners in Russia." Electronic supplement to Russian Juridical Journal, 2017, 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.34076/2410-2709-2017-5-46-52.
Full textAbstract:
Citizenship is an element of the constitutional status of a person, showing that a citizen has a full spectrum of rights and freedoms that are guaranteed by the Constitution and international legal acts. Thus procedures of considering issues of citizenship, namely, procedures of granting and termination of citizenship are of great significance. The aim of the article is to analyze the latest changes to the Russian Federal Law on citizenship and the status of foreign citizens in Russia, to formulate relevant conclusions and to forecast consequences of applying new rules. In particular, the procedure to facilitate the Ukrainian citizens to obtain Russian citizenship is discussed. The novelty, providing taking the oath by the person acquiring the citizenship of the Russian Federation positively assessed. The rules that expand and detailize the grounds for the cancellation of the decision on granting Russian citizenship are analyzed. In particular, the legislator’s approach to defining in the Russian Federal Law on Citizenship a list of terrorist crimes commission of which leads to the cancellation of the decision on granting Russian citizenship is discussed. This approach is not quite correct, since there are no criteria for selection of these acts. It is assumed that the legislator will be forced to add new crimes to this list. In general we see positive trends in the modernization of legislation on citizenship and legal status of foreign citizens in Russia. At the same time, the procedure for cancellation of the decision on granting the citizenship because of committing «terrorist crimes» should be adjusted.
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Kelley, Ann Galligan. "Debt Modifications: Tax Planning Options Including New 10-Year Potential Deferral." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 26, no. 4 (November 16, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v26i4.310.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; mso-pagination: none;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">With the recent decline in the real estate market, many taxpayers, both individually and/or in partnerships, are seeking to renegotiate the terms of their existing debt instruments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is some concern though that these debt modifications could lead to possible cancellation of debt (COD) income with potential tax consequences at a time when affected taxpayers can least afford to pay them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To help alleviate this issue, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Tax Act of 2009 added subsection(i) to Internal Revenue Code Section 108 which gives taxpayers the option to elect to delay recognition of their 2009 or 2010 COD income until 2014 and then include it in income ratably in their 2014 through 2018 calendar tax years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Section 108(a)(1)(B) may still be used by insolvent taxpayers to exclude gross income up to their amount of indebtedness.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This paper reviews the options available to taxpayers and gives specific examples under IRC Section 108 to either exclude or defer their cancellation of debt income.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also discusses the potential tax cost for these options and advantages as well as some specific issues pertaining to partnerships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Compliance issues under Rev. Proc. 2009-37 for affected taxpayers is also discussed with the additional potential for taxpayers to elect to defer only part of their COD income.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p>
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"Case Study on the Impact of Pandemic COVID-19 in Aquaculture with its Recommendations." American Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences, April 28, 2020, 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34104/ajpab.020.36038.
Full textAbstract:
In Bangladesh, the lockdown has been started officially from 26th March 2020 which is actually the most important time for harvesting and summer stocking in the pond. The whole aquaculture production system is now hampering due to pandemic COVID-19 and the value chain in this sector is quite vulnerable. I conducted a wireless survey through cell phone collected information from different stakeholders of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh to assess the impact of the pandemic situations in the aquaculture sector. Survey results revealed that pandemic COVID-19 has been affected in different areas of the aquaculture sector including reduction of consumption, export order cancellation, reduction in price, delay in summer stocking, lack of technical support, and transport crisis.
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"A Comprehensive Realization of Resource Spread Multiple Access / NOMA Performances in 5G." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 4 (February 10, 2020): 949–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.d1166.029420.
Full textAbstract:
Since 4G has limited in capacity, restricted in resource utilization, reasonable latency and so on. In order to yield high performance factors of the above-said, a Non Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) plays an important role in 5G communication networks. The NOMA is otherwise called as Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA), whose performance is quite fit while envisioned for the forthcoming communication (i.e., 5G and above), which fulfil the requirements of the current 5th Generation, in view of capacity improvement, power allocation, lower latency, outage probability for both uplink and downlink configurations. This paper gets into the analytical and simulation analysis of the power domain NOMA technique to two users case on sum capacity and outage power probability for conventional un-ordered (not fixed) and ordered (fixed). Based on the position of the users as near base stations and cell edges are analyzed, subjected not to compromise the quality of service (QoS), maximize the spectrum utilization, out-and-out resource allocation, good energy efficiency and so on. Here an interesting view on both the channel gain and SNR are possessed higher degree of consent on outage power and successive interference cancellation. When the channel gains are equal on both the users, correspondingly SNR and outage probability varies. On the other hand, when the gain of the weaker user channel is higher than the gain of the stronger user channel, then a cross over point arises significantly. Moreover, the Successive Interferences Cancellation (SIC) has increased by reducing the Signal to Noise ratio (SNR) and vice versa. This ideology is suited for the applications of 5G requiring asynchronous and grant-free access like IOT and mission critical control.
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Borah, Debasish, Lopamudra Mukherjee, and Soumitra Nandi. "Low scale U(1)X gauge symmetry as an origin of dark matter, neutrino mass and flavour anomalies." Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, no. 12 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2020)052.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We study a generic leptophilic U(1)X extension of the standard model with a light gauge boson. The U(1)X charge assignments for the leptons are guided by lepton universality violating (LUV) observables in semileptonic b → sℓℓ decays, muon anomalous magnetic moment and the origin of leptonic masses and mixing. Anomaly cancellation conditions require the addition of new chiral fermions in the model, one of which acts as a dark matter (DM) candidate when it is stabilised by an additional $$ {\mathcal{Z}}_2 $$ Z 2 symmetry. From our analysis, we show two different possible models with similar particle content that lead to quite contrasting neutrino mass origin and other phenomenology. The proposed models also have the potential to address the anomalous results in b → cℓνℓ decays like R(D), R(D∗), electron anomalous magnetic moment and the very recent KOTO anomaly in the kaon sector. We also discuss different possible collider signatures of our models which can be tested in future.
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Blas, H., M. Cerna Maguiña, and L. F. dos Santos. "Modified nonlinear Schrödinger models, 𝒞𝒫s𝒯d invariant N-bright solitons and infinite towers of anomalous charges." International Journal of Modern Physics B, September 10, 2021, 2150272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221502726.
Full textAbstract:
Modifications of the nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) model [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], are considered. We show that the MNLS models possess infinite towers of quasi-conservation laws for soliton-type configurations with a special complex conjugation, shifted parity and delayed time reversion ([Formula: see text]) symmetry. Infinite towers of anomalous charges appear even in the standard NLS model for [Formula: see text] invariant [Formula: see text]-bright solitons. The true conserved charges emerge through some kind of anomaly cancellation mechanism. Our analytical results are supported by numerical simulations of two-bright-soliton scatterings with potential [Formula: see text]. Our numerical simulations show the elastic scattering of bright solitons for a wide range of values of the set [Formula: see text] and a variety of amplitudes and relative velocities. The MNLS-type systems are quite ubiquitous, and so, our results may find potential applications in several areas of nonlinear physics, such as Bose–Einstein condensation, superconductivity, soliton turbulence and the triality among gauge theories, integrable models and gravity theories.