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Lampert, Martina. "Say, be like, quote (unquote), and the air-quotes: interactive quotatives and their multimodal implications." English Today 29, no. 4 (November 21, 2013): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841300045x.
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This paper, a spin-off from a larger-scale research project, advances a novel perspective on recent introducers to quotations in interactive communicative settings, with the (current reporting) speaker and addressee(s) co-present: be like, quote, quote unquote, and the air-quotes are all ‘newcomers’ to the quotative system in English; they are constrained in usage to face-to-face contexts, and they foreground through animating the quote, resorting to the various modalities available in such situations: verbal, vocal, and gestural.
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Urdánoz, Jorge. "Aclaración sobre una cita de Óscar Alzaga sobre el sistema electoral español." Araucaria, no. 40 (2018): 747–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/araucaria.2018.i40.29.
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Jordan, Michelle, Gunnar Auth, Oliver Jokisch, and Jens-Uwe Kühl. "Knowledge-based systems for the Configure Price Quote (CPQ) process – A case study in the IT solution business." Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36965/ojakm.2020.8(2)17-30.
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Software systems for the Configure Price Quote (CPQ) process of complex product portfolios have emerged in the sales function of companies recently. A flexible quote of complex products, in particular for a Business-to-Business (B2B) customer requires a wide variability of product features and configurations, along with the ability to deliver competitive quotes in short time. The CPQ system aims to reduce the process time, to increase the process quality by integrating information and data stored in several enterprise systems with codified explicit and implicit knowledge from individuals. As in most of the knowledge management systems, the openness of the knowledge holders to share and codify their individual knowledge is a critical success factor. In this case study, we look at the CPQ system implementation of a multinational Information Technology (IT) solution provider from a process perspective and with regard to both the technical and organizational challenges in a holistic approach. The article starts with an introduction to CPQ systems based on works from the Knowledge Management (KM) domain. After outlining our research methodology, we present the case together with a generalization of the CPQ implementation process. Our findings from the investigated scenario indicate positive influence of 1) the internal promotion of CPQ systems as technology innovation for motivating expert knowledge holders to collaborate; 2) an active preparation of the organizational environment for the upcoming changes; and 3) a hybrid agile implementation process.
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Devrangadi, Hardik, Rithwik Goel, Vishnusai Reddy Tadiparthi, and Mohammed Kalender Shihab. "Policy Management System: Overview." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 2, 2021): 231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05250.
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For any insurance contract to see the light of day, a particular process flow is usually followed. This process flow begins with the customer calling an agent to obtain insurance, and ends with the customer receiving a quote for the coverage. Precision methods focus on improving precision and quality and on planning measures that absolutely address issues and meet the necessary requirements. Unlike automation where the focus is on speeding up tasks and processes, a precision-based approach is centered around improving the quality of the process. More current practices call for ceaselessly examining and retooling tasks/operations to achieve ever more noteworthy business esteem. In this paper, the Insurance Policy Administration System is covered in detail. The format, layout, and key details that the insurance policy entails are thoroughly covered. Some key functionalities like The Policy Submission, Risk Analysis, Policy changes and renewals, Policy cancellation in a typical Policy Administration System are reviewed. Since the Policy Administration System cannot be a standalone service and has to be used along with external systems, the integration of this typical policy administration system with an external system like a user management system is also discussed.
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Lin, Tian Shui. "The Forecasts Study of City Economy and Cyclic Integrating Development." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 1144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.1144.
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In this paper, we select the multi-dimensional evaluation index system based on principal component analysis for quantitative evaluation of circular economy in Chongqing . We use ARIMA model to predict Chongqing city cycle economic trends which rely on a comprehensive study in the development of circular economy status quote.
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Nasi, Lorenzo. "Sviluppo, persona, reciprocitŕ. I sistemi di scambio locale non monetario: l'esperienza di Sintral in Ecuador." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 88 (October 2009): 138–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2009-088007.
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- Persistent inequalities produced by globalization and the increasing exclusion of millions of people from formal economies have triggered the development of new strategies and instruments, especially in the Global South. Among the experiences that contributed to broaden the horizon of alternative forms of development based on participation, solidarity and reciprocity we can quote Non-Monetary Systems of Local Exchange. Sintral is a meaningful example of this; it was developed in Equador, and it is a local transaction system that allows the exchange of goods and services without using money.Key words: globalization, development, money, reciprocity.
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Safar, Jennifer A., and Carl W. Turner. "Validation of a Two Factor Structure for System Trust." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (September 2005): 497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900360.
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Customers assess a company's ability to meet their needs based upon service interactions with that company. The growth of the Internet as an information transfer medium has dramatically increased reliance on communication between a human and a computer during service interactions. Although trust is known to be an integral part of customer experience during human-to-human interactions, it has been suggested that even when service is provided by an inanimate entity, trust remains a relevant factor. This study evaluated a tool purporting to measure system trust during automated service interactions. Participants completed an auto rate quote via one of two insurers' websites. A two-factor structure was uncovered. The scale exhibited strong internal consistency, sensitivity to objective task success, and was significantly related to several other customer experience measures. The results provide convergent evidence that the scale is a valid and reliable tool for describing customers' experiences during automated interactions.
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Powers, James S. "NARRATIVES ENHANCING TRAINEES’ ATTITUDES TOWARD AGING." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2103.
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Abstract We analyzed narratives from graduate students trained in aging themes who then interviewed older hospitalized adults about their life experiences. Three Discovery Fellows given a 90-minute training on open-ended interviewing, the medical care system, empathy, and aging themes derived from the Reframing Aging Program performed semi-structured interviews of 30-90 minutes. Subjects were hospitalized older veterans receiving care by an interdisciplinary geriatric rehabilitation team. Narratives were composed following the interviews and electronically uploaded to a secure site. Qualitative analysis was performed with each statement treated as a separate quote using a hierarchical coding system. A total of 774 codes were used to describe the themes present in 582 quotes. A conceptual framework from the narrative themes emerged with 5 groupings: 1) personal experience, 2) people important in life, 3) self-reflection, 4) medical condition, and 5) health maintenance. Concepts displayed included openness, compassion, and morality, as components of wisdom.
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Sălăgean, Tudor. "Comorile îngropate și căutătorii lor: istorii, practici magice și mituri." Anuarul Muzeului Etnograif al Transilvaniei 32 (December 20, 2018): 136–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47802/amet.2018.32.09.
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Analyzing the historical, juridical and ethnographical information about treasures, the author points out at the links between the treasure legends and the mythologies of the Otherworld. The treasures, in their most archaic identifiable aspects, are a part of the Otherworld reality. The access to it is regulated by a system of rules governed by forgotten divinities of the underworld and, also, is a result of a form of initiation. One of the basic rules of treasure finding is that of non-intentionality, of the complete absence of any desire for enrichment. Also, there can be found interesting forms of the coincidence of the opposite, and in this respect, we can quote quite frequent situations in which Vâlva (spirit/deity protecting the treasure) appears to women in the form of a man and to men in the form of a woman. Treasure legends reveal a set of ethical rules and another set of archaic magic practices, all of which representing disparate survivals of ancient belief systems. The magical treasure-seeking rituals are recorded in both the occult / scholar literature and the folk traditions, and the burning of treasures at important dates associated with the great Christian feasts also refer to a belief system in which the treasure mythology plays an important place. The connection between the treasure and the religious holidays is also an indication of the relationship between the opening of treasures and a belief system that has as its central point the communication with the Otherworld.
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Asr, Fatemeh Torabi, Mohammad Mazraeh, Alexandre Lopes, Vasundhara Gautam, Junette Gonzales, Prashanth Rao, and Maite Taboada. "The Gender Gap Tracker: Using Natural Language Processing to measure gender bias in media." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): e0245533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245533.
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We examine gender bias in media by tallying the number of men and women quoted in news text, using the Gender Gap Tracker, a software system we developed specifically for this purpose. The Gender Gap Tracker downloads and analyzes the online daily publication of seven English-language Canadian news outlets and enhances the data with multiple layers of linguistic information. We describe the Natural Language Processing technology behind this system, the curation of off-the-shelf tools and resources that we used to build it, and the parts that we developed. We evaluate the system in each language processing task and report errors using real-world examples. Finally, by applying the Tracker to the data, we provide valuable insights about the proportion of people mentioned and quoted, by gender, news organization, and author gender. Data collected between October 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020 shows that, in general, men are quoted about three times as frequently as women. While this proportion varies across news outlets and time intervals, the general pattern is consistent. We believe that, in a world with about 50% women, this should not be the case. Although journalists naturally need to quote newsmakers who are men, they also have a certain amount of control over who they approach as sources. The Gender Gap Tracker relies on the same principles as fitness or goal-setting trackers: By quantifying and measuring regular progress, we hope to motivate news organizations to provide a more diverse set of voices in their reporting.
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Ahmed, Troudi, Bouzbida Mohamed, and Chaari Abdelkader. "Nonlinear System Identification Using Clustering Algorithm Based on Kernel Method and Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 23, no. 05 (October 2015): 667–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488515500294.
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Many clustering algorithms have been proposed in literature to identify the parameters involved in the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model, we can quote as an example the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (FCM), the Possibilistic C-Means algorithm (PCM), the Allied Fuzzy C-Means algorithm (AFCM), the NEPCM algorithm and the KNEPCM algorithm. The main drawback of these algorithms is the sensitivity to initialization and the convergence to a local optimum of the objective function. In order to overcome these problems, the particle swarm optimization is proposed. Indeed, the particle swarm optimization is a global optimization technique. Thus, the incorporation of local research capacity of the KNEPCM algorithm and the global optimization ability of the PSO algorithm can solve these problems. In this paper, a new clustering algorithm called KNEPCM-PSO is proposed. This algorithm is a combination between Kernel New Extended Possibilistic C-Means algorithm (KNEPCM) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The effectiveness of this algorithm is tested on nonlinear systems and on an electro-hydraulic system.
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Rose, Chris. "Applying Spam-Control Techniques To Negate High Frequency Trading Advantages." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 15, no. 2 (March 21, 2011): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v15i2.4159.
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High Frequency Traders undoubtedly have an advantage over the average trader or trading desk because they incorporate nefarious devices into their trading schemes such as Flash Trading, Dark Pools and Quote Stuffing. In addition, they usually locate their servers as close to the exchange servers as possible so their data travels the shortest possible distance. However, adding spam-control techniques to control all trades would negate these advantages and return trading to once again being an equitable, free and open market-based system.
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Lips-Wiersma, Marjolein. "Giving Spiritual Meaning to Career Choice, Path and Experience." Australian Journal of Career Development 6, no. 3 (October 1997): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629700600309.
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This quote suggests that there are many ways to give meaning to one's career; it can be seen as a utilitarian function, an expression of skills and craftsmanship and a spiritual expression. It is this last meaning that we know very little about. Is this important to those who have a spiritual belief system and does it express itself in career choice, path and experience? This article suggests it is important both for the person who has a spiritual belief system and the career practitioner who will try to assist the client in making a career choice that is closely aligned to his/her personal values.
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Fukushima, Toshio. "Coordinate system in general relativity." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 128 (1988): 105–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900119357.
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The proper reference frame comoving with a system of mass-points is defined as a general relativistic extension of the relative coordinate system in the Newtonian mechanics. The coordinate transformation connecting this and the background coordinate systems is presented explicitly in the post-Newtonian formalism. The conversion formulas of some physical quantities caused by this coordinate transformation are discussed. The concept of the rotating coordinate system is reexamined within the relativistic framework. A modification of the introduced proper reference frame named the Natural Coordinate System (NCS) is proposed as the basic coordinate system in the astrometry. By means of the concept of the natural coordinate system, the relation between the solar system barycentric coordinate system and the terrestrial coordinate system is given explicitly. To illustrate the concept of NCS, we quote in the following the definition of the non-rotating NCS comoving with the Earth, i.e. the Terrestrial Coordinate System (TCS) (Fukushima et al., 1986a, 1986b):1) Consider a fictitious spacetime with the metric obtained by subtracting the direct terms due to the Earth from the true metric in the solar system Barycentric Coordinate System (BCS).2) The time coordinate axis of the TCS is defined as the worldline of the geocenter, i.e. the timelike geodesic of the geocenter in the above ficititious spacetime.3) The unit of time in the TCS, terrestrial second sT, is defined as the unit of time in the BCS, barycentric second, multiplied by a certain factor so that there exist periodic differences only between the time coordinate of any event in the TCS, i.e. TDT, and the corresponding time coordinate in the BCS, i.e. TDB.4) The space coordinate axes of the TCS are defined as three geometrically straight lines satisfying that they and the time coordinate axis of the TCS are orthogonal to each other at the geocenter in the above fictitious spacetime, and that the coordinate triad constructed by them is symmetric.5) The unit of length in the TCS, terrestrial meter mT, is defined as the length so that c = 299792458 mT/sT.
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Hoen, Herman W. "Crisis in Eastern Europe: The Downside of a Market Economy Revealed?" European Review 19, no. 1 (February 2011): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798710000347.
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After the collapse of communism, the Central and Eastern European countries decided to implement a market economy embedded in a democratic order. A constituent element of the transition was a fully-fledged integration with the global economy. One of the consequences of this integration is that the countries are now severely hit by the financial crisis. Until recently, however, it all looked flourishing and economic growth figures indicated a steady catch up with average welfare levels in the European Union (EU). On the website of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development an essay competition was launched for those who were born in 1989. In an introductory statement, a Russian joke is quoted: ‘Everything the Communists told us about communism was a complete and utter lie. Unfortunately, everything the Communists told us about capitalism turned out to be true’.1 This article addresses the impact of the financial crisis in Central and Eastern Europe and in essence starts from this quote. It seeks to explain the extent to which the financial crisis in the Central and Eastern Europe question reveals the downside of a capitalist system embedded in a global economic order.
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Farriansyah, Anang M., Pitojo Tri Juwono, Ery Suhartanto, Very Dermawan, and Rahimatus S. Z. Alyaminy. "The Performance of Equalization Model of Water Allocation Inter Irrigation Areas in River System." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814703005.
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In Indonesia, water is public goods so it is necessary to control water allocation. Inequity of water allocation between water users is expanding largely, including irrigation as the largest user, while the density of headworks in the river are getting higher. Considering that water is limited, the practice of irrigation water allocation needs to be refined, from the traditional equity to volumetric equity. MEQAA (Model Equalisasi Alokasi Air/Equalization Model of Water Allocation) plays a role in determining water sharing between headworks in order to meet the maximum-equal K-factor in river. MEQAA-Generic is a calculation machine with: analog-deterministic dynamic model; network equation according to mass balance and linear optimization; independent-based system; sustainability-efficiency-equity constraints; Ms. Excel-VBA. The inputs are: scheme system, local inflow, and irrigation demand. The outputs are: K-factor, release and ecosystem quote. The model performance is identified by comparing the output to the class of K-factor based on treatment of water distribution. The model test is performed in an uncontrolled and complicated system in Kukusan Tanggek watershed with 24 headworks in Lombok river basin. As long as it is adequate for water sharing, MEQAA-G can always produce maximum-equal K-factor. The output model is used to operation control.
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Rigby, John. "A simple proof of Lester’s theorem." Mathematical Gazette 87, no. 510 (November 2003): 444–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200173620.
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Lester’s theorem (1997) states that in any scalene triangle the two Fermat points F and F' (to be defined later), the nine-point centre N, and the circumcentre O, are concyclic, and that the pair of points O,F separates the pair N, F'. (In certain geometrical situations a line is regarded as a circle of infinite radius, so that the word ‘concyclic’ includes ‘collinear’ as a special case, but here ‘concyclic’ means ‘lying on a proper circle of finite radius’.) Previous proofs of Lester’s theorem have involved advanced techniques and/or computer algebra; to quote from Ron Shail’s recent article [1],‘Lester’s original computer-assisted discovery and proof make use of her theory of “complex triangle coordinates” and “complex triangle functions”. ... A proof has also been given by Trott ... using the advanced concept of GrObner bases in the reduction of systems of polynomial equations to “diagonal” form. Trott’s work uses the computer algebra system Mathematica as an essential tool.’
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Kern, Joseph. "Unpacking the variable context of quotatives." Spanish in Context 14, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sic.14.1.06ker.
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Abstract The present study analyzes the use of quotatives in Spanish among twenty-four Spanish-English bilinguals from Southern Arizona and assesses the possible influence of English contact in their use. Cameron (1998) defines the envelope of variation of quotatives in Spanish as verbs of direct report, bare-noun phrases, and null quotatives. This study identifies a fourth strategy of quotative discourse markers. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of the linguistic conditioning of these four strategies of direct quotation according to content of the quote and grammatical person points to the fact that quotative discourse markers appear to be conditioned differently than the other three strategies, but contact with English does not play a decisive role in their use. These results contribute to our knowledge of Spanish in the United States and variation in quotative systems by expanding on Cameron’s (1998) study to explore the quotative system of the Spanish of the U.S. Southwest and adding an analysis of quotative discourse markers.
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Cribb, V. Michael, and Shivani Rochford. "The Transcription and Representation of Spoken Political Discourse in the UK House of Commons." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p1.
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This paper considers the representation of spoken political discourse through the transcription practices of the House of Commons. It considers how the Hansard method of transcription represents the oral debates during the weekly parliamentary sessions of Prime Minister’s questions in three areas: lexical and grammatical fidelity, performance characteristics and interruptions from the audience. The paper also considers how accurately and faithfully speakers in the House quote from Hansard during these sessions as they pursue their arguments. The findings suggest that while Hansard does what it purports to do, modern transcription methods and digital representations necessitate additional tools to augment this system. We argue the case for a more representational, multi-tool approach to the transcription of discourse.
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Fukui, Kota. "Constructing a model of "professionalism" for professional vocational businesses: Using labour and social security attorneys as a reference." Impact 2020, no. 9 (December 30, 2020): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.9.60.
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The legal profession In Japan has seen vast expansion over the last 20 years, with more than 40,000 legal professionals now practicing. This is a direct result of the establishment of a law school system and the expansion of the quote for admissions. This increase has also given rise to an increased competition for services of lawyers and law-related professionals in Japan. Professor Kota Fukui is leading a team of researchers based within the Graduate School of Law and Politics at Osaka University, investigating means of ensuring that service competition between lawyers and law-related professionals remains favourable to users. The findings will benefit users of these service providers, specifically corporate executives.
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Darvishi, M., and G. Ahmadi. "Data assimilation techniques and modelling uncertainty in geosciences." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2/W3 (October 22, 2014): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-85-2014.
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"You cannot step into the same river twice". Perhaps this ancient quote is the best phrase to describe the dynamic nature of the earth system. If we regard the earth as a several mixed systems, we want to know the state of the system at any time. The state could be time-evolving, complex (such as atmosphere) or simple and finding the current state requires complete knowledge of all aspects of the system. On one hand, the Measurements (in situ and satellite data) are often with errors and incomplete. On the other hand, the modelling cannot be exact; therefore, the optimal combination of the measurements with the model information is the best choice to estimate the true state of the system. Data assimilation (DA) methods are powerful tools to combine observations and a numerical model. Actually, DA is an interaction between uncertainty analysis, physical modelling and mathematical algorithms. DA improves knowledge of the past, present or future system states. DA provides a forecast the state of complex systems and better scientific understanding of calibration, validation, data errors and their probability distributions. Nowadays, the high performance and capabilities of DA have led to extensive use of it in different sciences such as meteorology, oceanography, hydrology and nuclear cores. In this paper, after a brief overview of the DA history and a comparison with conventional statistical methods, investigated the accuracy and computational efficiency of two main classical algorithms of DA involving stochastic DA (BLUE and Kalman filter) and variational DA (3D and 4D-Var), then evaluated quantification and modelling of the errors. Finally, some of DA applications in geosciences and the challenges facing the DA are discussed.
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Yu, Rong, Hui Min Wang, and Wen Juan Niu. "Evolutionary Game Analysis of Price Competition Strategy for Water Market." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2771.
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Optimal allocations of water resources include initial water allocation and water right exchange in the water market. The spontaneous evolution of price competition strategies for completed water markets is analyzed using evolutionary game theory in this paper. This paper also analyzes the evolutionary process of bidding strategy of water supply enterprises and obtains the evolutionary stable strategy. Moreover, the practical significance of this strategy is analyzed and the related stability analysis is conducted. Studies real that the system is stable when water supply enterprises adopt the same strategy, i.e., they all quote a relatively high offer or offer according to the cost. At the same time official mechanism is brought forward to control and accommodate water market price strategy so as to show advantages.
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Meng, Shao Xin, Hao Bai, and Yu Li Wang. "Optimal Energy Management for Smart Distribution Grid Based on Virtual Power Plant." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.388.
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Virtual Power Plant (VPP) technology can take advantage of interactive communication and energy management system to optimize and coordinate the control of distributed generation, controllable load, energy storage device, so as to integrate them and participate in the energy exchange of the grid and the quote trading of power market. This paper is devoted to study the energy management system in virtual power plant. Under the day-ahead market ,this project puts forward the maximum profit model, analyzes the operation condition of various elements in virtual power plant, and set restrictions for its operation and energy storage; According to the randomness of the energy resources such as wind and light in actual operation as well as the price in power market, the change of power grid load and electricity demand, and the fluctuations in the retail price of electricity, this paper adopts the proposed model of optimal allocation to coordinate and optimize the configuration of the elements in virtual power plant.
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Burtis, C. A. "Advanced technology and its impact on the clinical laboratory." Clinical Chemistry 33, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.3.352.
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Abstract The analytical capabilities of the clinical laboratory have continued to expand and improve as a result of technical developments and advancements made in a wide spectrum of allied disciplines. As a consequence, the clinical laboratory has evolved from the small, manual operations of yesterday to the large, central organizations of today. Technology continues to have an impact on the laboratory, especially with the advent of the fully automated analytical systems that are having such a profound effect on how the laboratory is staffed, equipped, organized, and operated. With the accelerating rate at which new developments are occurring, it is safe to assume that dramatic changes will continue to occur in this area. Consequently, it will become increasingly important for clinical laboratorians to be aware of these new developments, to understand them, and to anticipate how they will be assimilated and integrated into the overall health care system. To quote from a recent Bell Atlantic advertisement, "The genius of the future lies not in technology alone, but in the ability to manage it."
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Knight, C. H., D. E. Beever, and A. Sorensen. "Metabolic loads to be expected from different genotypes under different systems." BSAP Occasional Publication 24 (1999): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1463981500043053.
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AbstractThe strategy most widely adopted to improve milk production efficiency is to increase yield per cow. To date, this has been achieved primarily through genetic selection and improved nutrition. Achievement of very high individual yield has had its down-side, especially in terms of reduced reproductive efficiency and there is now quite widespread concern that the high genetic merit cow is at greater risk of metabolic disease than her unimproved counterpart. To quote from the recent Farm Animal Welfare Council Report on Dairy Cow Welfare (FAWC, 1997): ‘High metabolic turnover in cows can be associated with a greater risk of mastitis, lameness, infertility and other production diseases…’. Whilst there can be little doubt that metabolic turn-over is indeed higher in high merit cows, it is not safe to assume that this necessarily equates with more risk; metabolic turn-over is higher in an elephant than in a mouse but risk is certainly not. Metabolic load might be a better term to use. If we think, simplistically, of this being the ‘strain’ on a system it is logical to expect an inverse relationship between metabolic load and health. The extrapolation to high genetic merit cows being at greater risk then presupposes that they experience an increased metabolic load but there has been no rigorous evaluation of whether this is so. In this review we will consider what is meant by metabolic load, examine in qualitative theoretical terms what degree of load might be expected from different commercial systems and present some recently obtained data which addresses directly the question, is metabolic load greater in high genetic merit cows?
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Davidson, Laura, and Walter E. Block. "Rozeff on free banking: a critique." Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences 34, no. 2 (July 2, 2018): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jeas-07-2017-0067.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to correct Rozeff (2010). He contends that fractional-reserve banking is legitimate and efficacious. The authors demonstrate that it is not. Design/methodology/approach The design of this paper is to quote widely from Rozeff (2010) and then to expose his errors of analysis. Findings The authors demonstrate that fractional-reserve banking is neither legitimate nor efficacious. Originality/value Money is the lifeblood of the economy. If so, then banking is the marrow of the economy, since it is from that sector that money arises in the first place. It is crucially important, then, that the monetary system be based on sound principles. Fractional-reserve banking is a violation of these sound principles. Therefore, it is valuable to demonstrate that this is indeed the case.
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Arlauskas, Saulius. "SOVEREIGNTY OF A NATION IN THE PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM OF LITHUANIA: PROBLEMS AND PROPOSALS." CREATIVITY STUDIES 3, no. 2 (December 31, 2010): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/limes.2010.11.
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The aim of the article is to show in what way it is possible to guarantee the proper representation of human interests in the parliamentary form of government. To quote ideas of Mykolas Romeris concerning relationships between sovereign and State powers, it is stated that a special function of safeguarding of constitutionality as an expression of the Sovereign's will ought to be provided in the Constitution of Parliamentary Republic. In the article, it is demonstrated that such function is implemented in the Constitutions of France and Germany by granting a President to guarantee a proper work of parliamentary system (the function of political and legal reserve). It is also shown that in Lithuania, which is considered to be a Parliamentary Republic, the President does not perform a function of political and legal reserve and does not have appropriate authorizations. The author of the article proposes to follow the standards of Constitutions of France and Germany and to reconsider the competences between the institutions of the Seimas and the President. Tautos suverenitetas parlamentinėje Lietuvos sistemoje: problemos ir pasiūlymai Santrauka Straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, kaip parlamentinė valdymo forma gali užtikrinti deramą žmonių interesų atstovavimą. Remiantis Mykolo Romerio idėjomis apie suvereno ir valdžios santykį teigiama, kad parlamentinės valstybės Konstitucijoje privalo būti numatyta speciali konstitucingumo apsaugos funkcija kaip suvereno valios išraiška. Parodoma, kad tokia funkcija numatyta Prancūzijos ir Vokietijos Konstitucijose, suteikiant Prezidentui funkciją užtikrinti deramą parlamentinės sistemos veikimą (politinio ir teisinio rezervo funkcija). Atskleidžiama, kad Lietuvoje, kuri taip pat yra laikoma parlamentine respublika, Prezidentas politinio ir teisinio rezervo funkcijos neatlieka ir atitinkamų įgaliojimų neturi. Straipsnyje siūloma pasekti Prancūzijos ar Vokietijos Konstitucijų pavyzdžiu ir peržiūrėti Seimo bei Prezidento kompetencijas.
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Annapurna, K., and B. Seetha Ramanjaneyulu. "QoS Maintenance in Cognitive Radio Networks with Priority-Supporting Novel Channel Allocation Method." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 15, no. 1 (January 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2019010101.
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Satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS) is often a challenge in cognitive radio networks, because they depend on opportunistic channel accessing. In this context, appropriate pricing of vacant channels that is linked to the preference in their allocation, is found to be useful. However, ambiguity on the possible price at which the channel would be allotted is still a concern. In this work, an auction mechanism in which maximum value of the bid is predefined is proposed. With this, users quote their bid values as per their needs of getting the channels, up to the predefined maximum allowed bid price. However, final price of allocation is decided based on the sum total demand from all the users and the availability of vacant channels. Performance of the system is found in terms of blocking probabilities of secondary users and revenues to primary users. The proposed system is found to yield similar quantum of revenues as that of the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction, while offering much lesser blocking probabilities to high-priority users to satisfy their QoS requirements.
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Lipiński, Krzysztof. "Limb/Ground Impacts and Unexpected Impacts Control Strategy for a Model of a Walking Robot Limb." Solid State Phenomena 164 (June 2010): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.164.377.
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The paper deals with numerical analysis of dynamics of walking robots. The focus is on limb/ground contact. Normal and tangent direction are considered separately. In the normal one, the contacts are modeled as unilateral constraints. In the tangent one, slip and friction are considered. As the contacts are unilateral, nonzero velocities could be present before the contact. These velocities diminish rapidly, and significant contact forces are present. The forces have destructive influence on the robot structure, and the impulsive changes of the arms velocities can disorient the control system. In the paper, the impact consequences are discussed, as well as consequences of installation of a 0/1 contact sensor. A 3D mechatronic multibody model of a quote of a robot is considered. Its limb is driven by DC motors and controlled by a dedicated control system. With the zero signals from the sensor, the control prevents a constant velocity of the limb end. The normal component of the velocity has to be stopped at the positive signals, and the motor current has to be reduced. Exemplary calculations are presented in the paper.
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Guldbrandsson, Lennart. "Wikipedia." Culture Unbound 6, no. 3 (June 17, 2014): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146633.
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Above my desk is a quote by Albert Einstein: “Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” One of Einstein’s problems, of course, was that since he was a pioneer, there were not many who could give him the correct answers.
Wikipedia is in some ways in the same position. It is presently the 6th most visited website in the world (Alexa 2014), it is the only donor-supported website in the top 50 list, and Mozilla is the only other non-profit in the top 25 list (Gardner 2013). Few other very large websites use only copyright-free material, written and maintained by anyone, with a decision system that has been described as consensus-driven. Even the five-year strategic plan for the Wikimedia Foundation was crowd-sourced (Wikimedia 2011b).
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POLLONI, Nicola. "Gundissalinus and the Application of al-Fārābī’s Metaphysical Programme. A Case of Philosophical Transfer." Mediterranea. International Journal on the Transfer of Knowledge, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/mijtk.v0i1.5174.
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This study deals with Dominicus Gundissalinus’s discussion on metaphysics as philosophical discipline. Gundissalinus’s translation and re-elaboration of al-Fārābī’s Iḥṣā’ al-ʿulūm furnish him, in the De scientiis, a specific and detailed procedure for metaphysical analysis articulated in two different stages, an ascending and a descending one. This very same procedure is presented by Gundissalinus also in his De divisione philosophiae, where the increased number of sources –in particular, Avicenna– does not prevent Gundissalinus to quote the entire passage on the methods of metaphysical science from the Iḥṣā’ al-ʿulūm, with some slight changes in his Latin translation. The analytical procedure herein proposed becomes an effective ‘metaphysical programme’ with regards to Gundissalinus’s onto-cosmological writing, the De processione mundi. The comparative analysis of this treatise with the procedure received by al-Fārābī shows Gundissalinus’s effort to follow and apply this metaphysical programme to his own reflection, in a whole different context from al-Fārābī’s and presenting doctrines quite opposed to the theoretical ground on which al-Fārābī’s epistemology is based, like ibn Gabirol’s universal hylomorphism. Nevertheless, thanks to the application of the ‘metaphysical programme’, one can effectively claim that Gundissalinus’s metaphysics is, at least in the author’s intentions, a well-defined metaphysical system. In appendix to this article the three Latin versions of al-Fārābī’s discussion on metaphysics are reported, e.g., Gundissalinus’s quotations in De scientiis and De divisione philosophiae, and Gerard of Cremona’s translation in his De scientiis.
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Wrzyszcz, Andrzej. "Sądy wojskowe 1945-1955 w świetle najnowszych badań." Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 19, no. 2 (2020): 493–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2020.19.02.24.
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The research issues which Marta Paszek is interested in are an extremely important aspect in the history of the system and law of the People's Republic of Poland. The historiography to date relating to the military judiciary at that time is definitely dominated by publications discussing trials that bore all the rules of lawful procedure. The viewpoint of these works is (quite rightly so) to present the martyrdom of the defendants, to quote draconian sentences and the fate of the convicted. Marta Paszek's monograph of course takes these issues into account, but the author has significantly expanded the scope of her research, which should be considered the right direction. The review article is an attempt to discuss the structure of the monograph, to evaluate the sources used, to analyse the value and appropriateness of the content of individual chapters, as well as changes to the doctoral dissertation defended in May 2018. It also assesses the legitimacy of undertaking the subject of analysis of the activities of the Military District Court in Katowice and the need to publish the same monograph in terms of the needs of historical and legal sciences and the proper exhaustion of the subject by the author. The evaluations of other entities, such as other reviewers, the Council of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Silesia in Katowice and the Institute of Justice were also noted.
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Zarlis, Muhammad, Sherly Astuti, and Muhammad Salamuddin. "Analysis of Reading, Reference and Information Management on the Quality of Scientific Writing." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i1.782.
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In education, for educational instruments scientific writing is a very important thing. It requires an information management skill, information management is a library search, which can be done through a computer and guided by the internet. It can also be through the quality of reading used as a reference for scientific writing. In addition, in producing a paper also must know the management of writing, not only required to pay attention to the rules of standard language, but also must be able to convey ideas and ideas well and meet scientific criteria, such as making a quote or reference list used. This paper was written with the aim of improving the quality of research through reading material, making notes and avoiding plagiarism, references using the Harvard system for journals, books, and articles. Management of citing articles either CD or internet, writing, editing, storing references electronically, writing bibliography, and quotations.
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Putra, Pandu Pratama, Afriansyah Afriansyah, and Muhammad Syaifullah. "Pendeteksi Kesamaan Dokumen pada Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Proposal Skripsi dengan Pendekatan Algoritma Rabin-Karp." INTECOMS: Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/intecoms.v2i1.738.
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Plagiarism is a significant problem in many areas, including universities. plagiarism is usually performed on digital content is to copy-paste of the original document. To anticipate, we need a way to analyze the technique of plagiarism. There are several approaches that can be taken, for example by using a search algorithm Rabin-Karp string because these algorithms can be used to detect plagiarism in a text document. In the testing phase, the test documents used were three documents with similarity level categories of low, medium and high. From some of the testing that has been done, this approach can find the longest quote the same between the two text documents and measure the similarity of text documents. With this system will help prevent acts of plagiarism in the thesis proposal registration so that the absence of the same thesis.
Keywords: Plagiarism, Rabin-Karp algorithm, Similarity, Document
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Flesher, LeAnn Snow. "Mercy triumphs over judgment: James as the social gospel." Review & Expositor 115, no. 3 (August 2018): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034637318791562.
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The pericope in Jas 2:14–17 has become iconic in our modern church culture. Although we quote from it regularly—“faith without works is dead”—we do not live it faithfully. In reimagining the body of Christ, the theme of this issue, it seems that the book of James and Luther’s response to it reflect the tensions we live in today. We are a society with a legal system built off the ideology of retributive justice. We are a society that claims to be built on Christian principles, yet James points to a very different justice system. James 2:13 states that “Mercy triumphs over judgment!” Although James never condones breaking the law (2:10–11), he does encourage mercy in place of judgment (2:13), especially when engaging the poor. Luther called biblical James a “book of straw,” as he touted his own mantra, sola fide, leaving us with a very significant dilemma. How should we understand saving faith? Does it simply require praying “the sinner’s prayer and shaking the pastor’s hand?” or ought it to be coupled with “works” becoming to one who has chosen to follow Jesus?
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Lei, Bolin, Boyu Zhang, and Yuping Song. "Volatility Forecasting for High-Frequency Financial Data Based on Web Search Index and Deep Learning Model." Mathematics 9, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9040320.
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The existing index system for volatility forecasting only focuses on asset return series or historical volatility, and the prediction model cannot effectively describe the highly complex and nonlinear characteristics of the stock market. In this study, we construct an investor attention factor through a Baidu search index of antecedent keywords, and then combine other trading information such as the trading volume, trend indicator, quote change rate, etc., as input indicators, and finally employ the deep learning model via temporal convolutional networks (TCN) to forecast the volatility under high-frequency financial data. We found that the prediction accuracy of the TCN model with investor attention is better than those of the TCN model without investor attention, the traditional econometric model as the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH), the heterogeneous autoregressive model of realized volatility (HAR-RV), autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) models, and the long short-term memory (LSTM) model with investor attention. Compared with the traditional econometric models, the multi-step prediction results for the TCN model remain robust. Our findings provide a more accurate and robust method for volatility forecasting for big data and enrich the index system of volatility forecasting.
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Artiemjew, Piotr. "About Granular Rough Computing—Overview of Decision System Approximation Techniques and Future Perspectives." Algorithms 13, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a13040079.
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Granular computing techniques are a huge discipline in which the basic component is to operate on groups of similar objects according to a fixed similarity measure. The first references to the granular computing can be seen in the works of Zadeh in fuzzy set theory. Granular computing allows for a very natural modelling of the world. It is very likely that the human brain, while solving problems, performs granular calculations on data collected from the senses. The researchers of this paradigm have proven the unlimited possibilities of granular computing. Among other things, they are used in the processes of classification, regression, missing values handling, for feature selection, and as mechanisms of data approximation. It is impossible to quote all methods based on granular computing—we can only discuss a selected group of techniques. In the article, we have presented a review of recently developed granulation techniques belonging to the family of approximation algorithms founded by Polkowski—in the framework of rough set theory. Starting from the basic Polkowski’s standard granulation, we have described further developed by us concept dependent, layered, and epsilon variants, and our recent homogeneous granulation. We are presenting simple numerical examples and samples of research results. The effectiveness of these methods in terms of decision system size reduction and maintenance of the internal knowledge from the original data are presented. The reduction in the number of objects in our techniques while maintaining classification efficiency reaches 90 percent—for standard granulation with usage of a kNN classifier (we achieve similar efficiency for the concept-dependent technique for the Naive Bayes classifier). The largest reduction achieved in the number of exhaustive set of rules at the efficiency level to the original data are 99 percent—it is for concept-dependent granulation. In homogeneous variants, the reduction is less than 60 percent, but the advantage of these techniques is that it is not necessary to look for optimal granulation parameters, which are selected dynamically. We also describe potential directions of development of granular computing techniques by prism of described methods.
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CLYMER, JEFFORY A. "Modeling, Diagramming, and Early Twentieth-Century Histories of Invention and Entrepreneurship: Henry Ford, Sherwood Anderson, Samuel Insull." Journal of American Studies 36, no. 3 (December 2002): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580200693x.
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The historical narrative arguing that independent artisans were increasingly transformed into mere tenders of complicated machinery during the second half of the nineteenth century, leading ultimately to Henry Ford's minute division of labor in the assembly line, is both conventional and well known. Technology became more complex, its inner workings were less self-evident or easily comprehensible, and the material conditions of production, exemplified by modern factories built around a division of labor, became too large and systematic to be understood from the viewpoint of a single worker selling his or her labor. And, while industry was imagined more and more as an intricate system at the turn of the twentieth century, American society, analogously, under the increasing pressure of urbanization and immigration, came to be regarded as too complex to be understood from a single viewpoint. Exposés, for instance, on “how the other half lives,” to quote the title of Jacob Riis's famous book, attest both to the yearning and to the perceived inability to understand society as an entirety.This article suggests and examines the ways in which two older forms of imagining large systems, specifically, the methods of model-making and diagramming, were rearticulated at the turn of the twentieth century in response to a perceived greater complexity of both technology and American society. Models and diagrams are necessary when it seems that one can no longer envision a large system; they literally provide an imaginative site for a complex system. To understand the social roles of diagramming and model-making, I detail the ways each was imagined and deployed in the cultural history of invention and entrepreneurship in the early twentieth century.
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Rigail-Cedeño, Andres F., Mayken Espinoza-Andaluz, Jorge Medina-Andrade, and Karol Leal-Zavala. "Expanded Graphite/Epoxy/Aliphatic Amine Composites for Bipolar Plates Applications in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells." Key Engineering Materials 821 (September 2019): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.821.426.
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Suitable conductive fillers for resins and processing conditions are critical factors for the final properties of composite bipolar plates. This research is focused on the development of expanded graphite/epoxy/aliphatic amine composite as a potential replacement for conventional bipolar plates to meet global standards of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs). The synergistic effects on the electrical conductivity of secondary fillers Carbon Black (CB) and Graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) with Expanded Graphite (EG) were studied in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy/polyether triamine system. Compositions of secondary filler were varied in proportions of 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt % in a fixed 40 wt % EG / Epoxy resin (w/w) to find the right secondary fillers under direct mixing without solvent. A 10 wt % CB displayed the highest electrical conductivity around 3.05 QUOTE x10-2 S/cm. For a 60 wt % EG/10 wt % CB composite, the electrical conductivity (in plane) and flexural strength were at about 19 S/cm and 22 MPa, respectively.
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Whittaker, Simon. "The Language or Languages of Consumer Contracts." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 8 (2006): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802731205.
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Does european community law make any requirement as to the language in which the terms of consumer contracts are to be expressed?At the outset, I need to explain that the significance of this question (and its answer) will differ according to what is meant by the word ‘language’ itself. A first meaning is found where one refers to English, French, or Chinese as a ‘language’, that is, to quote the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘a system of communication used by a particular country or community’. A second meaning of ‘language’, again as explained by the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to ‘the manner or style of a piece of writing or speech’; so, for example, one may describe a piece of prose as being written in simple or elaborate, verbose or laconic, language. To avoid confusion in the following discussion, I shall refer to these two different significances as ‘language type’ and ‘language style’.
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Whittaker, Simon. "The Language or Languages of Consumer Contracts." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 8 (2006): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000004729.
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Does european community law make any requirement as to the language in which the terms of consumer contracts are to be expressed? At the outset, I need to explain that the significance of this question (and its answer) will differ according to what is meant by the word ‘language’ itself. A first meaning is found where one refers to English, French, or Chinese as a ‘language’, that is, to quote the Oxford English Dictionary, ‘a system of communication used by a particular country or community’. A second meaning of ‘language’, again as explained by the Oxford English Dictionary, refers to ‘the manner or style of a piece of writing or speech’; so, for example, one may describe a piece of prose as being written in simple or elaborate, verbose or laconic, language. To avoid confusion in the following discussion, I shall refer to these two different significances as ‘language type’ and ‘language style’.
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Alfano, Vincenzo. "Is Democracy Possible Without a Restriction of the Suffrage?" Studia Humana 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sh-2014-0009.
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Abstract Today, the concept of democracy seems inextricably linked with that of universal suffrage. But is it true? To let that anyone with a given age has the right to vote is a very good democratic practice, or would prefer to question the criteria for access to this right, perhaps to develop new systems? The current crisis of democracy in the Western world is symptomatic of a detriment of the political consciousness of the people? And yet it is very likely to be admissible and that only from the mass, the large numbers, rises the better choices? In this paper I try to answer these questions, drawing from personal opinions and thoughts, which I hope will inspire questions and curiosity in those who, like me, believes that any system is always perfectible, and that its aim should be to that perfection, without fear of asking uncomfortable questions. Personally, in fact, I can accept democracy as “the worst form of government except all the others that have been tried”, to quote a famous statement by Winston Churchill. But not for that I give up, and I try other ways. Ways that are more satisfying, more fair and keep us away from the horrors that only an angry mob can do.
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Daw, Gillian. "“HOSPITABLE INFINITY”: IMAGINING NEW PROSPECTS AND OTHER WORLDS IN VICTORIAN COSMIC VOYAGE LITERATURE." Victorian Literature and Culture 44, no. 3 (August 30, 2016): 535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106015031600005x.
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On September 3, 1841, George Eliot wrote in a letter to her friend Maria Lewis:I have been revelling in Nichol's Architecture of the heavens and Phenomena of the Solar system, and have been in imagination winging my flight from system to system, from universe to universe, trying to conceive myself in such a position and with such a visual faculty as would enable me to enjoy what Young enumerates among the novelties of the ‘stranger’ man when he burst the shell, toBehold an infinite of floating worldsDivide the crystal waves of ether pure,In endless voyage without port‘Hospitable infinity!’ Nichol beautifully says. (Letters106–07)1Here, Eliot describes an imaginary journey through the systems of the heavens and the unbounded space of the universe. The books she refers to are John Pringle Nichol'sViews of the Architecture of the Heavens. In a Series of Letters to a Lady(1837), andThe Phenomena and Order of the Solar System(1838). InViews of the Architecture of the Heavens, Nichol takes his readers on a tour of the universe with the aim of helping them to “henceforth look at the Heavens” with “something of the emotion which their greatness communicates to the accomplished Astronomer” (vii). Eliot's quote is from Edward Young's poemThe Complaint, or Night Thoughts(1742), where the narrator describes a cosmic voyage he takes in “contemplation's rapid car” stopping at every planet asking for the Deity. From “Saturn's ring,” he takes a more fearless “bolder flight” through the stars with a “bold” cometAmid those sov'reign glories of the skies,Of independent, native lustre, proud;The souls of systems! and the lords of life,Through their wide empires! (276)In Young's scenes of majestic cosmic perspective, the reader, with the narrator, discovers the vastness of space and the existence of other worlds: “On nature's Alps I stand, / And see a thousand firmaments beneath! / A thousand systems! as a thousand grains!” (277). The theme of the cosmic journey enables the reader to explore the universe, often looking back at the earth as they travel through space in their imagination and frequently in a dream. Overcoming the limits of knowledge, the immeasurable distances of the universe and its other worlds become more knowable.
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Jakab, András. "Judicial Reasoning in Constitutional Courts: A European Perspective." German Law Journal 14, no. 8 (August 1, 2013): 1215–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220000225x.
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“In the beginning was the Word.” This quote from the Holy Bible also stands on the ceiling of our discipline's temple. The job of legal scholarship is interpreting, and the base of every interpretation is the word.In this paper we are going to analyze how constitutional courts are able to extract the most meaning from a, necessarily, short text, such as a constitution, with the use of sophisticated tricks, or methods, of interpretation. Partly with the help of these methods, and partly on the basis of text-independent speculations, constitutional courts and legal scholars are able to develop a system of concepts (aRechtsdogmatik, or its specific constitutional part, theVerfassungsdogmatik) considerably more sophisticated than the one of the actual text of the constitution in order to serve as a helping toolkit for the solution of future cases. After analyzing some preliminary issues in part A, the largest part of this study will deal with the different methods of constitutional interpretation in part B. Then, the nature of this conceptual system will be analyzed in part C, before turning to the question of styles of constitutional reasoning in part D. The analysis concentrates on the practice of European constitutional courts, though for purposes of classification and comparison, non-European practices will also be mentioned.
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Kalinkina, Nataliya Michailovna, Andrey Viktorovich Korosov, and Elena Valentinovna Tekanova. "Ecological Information System "Onega"." Principles of the Ecology 31, no. 1 (March 2019): 72–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15393/j1.art.2019.8222.
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Manjunath, M., TA Deepak, and Shubha Pewa. "Antibiotics are Passe: Take a Look at Probiotics." World Journal of Dentistry 1, no. 2 (2010): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1022.
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ABSTRACT “Part of the secret of success in life is to eat, what you like and let the food fight it out inside.” —Mark Twain This age—old quote was probably the first reference to a relatively novel group of organisms fondly known as ‘probiotics’. Probiotics are live organisms that alter the composition or metabolic activities of the microbiota, or to modulate immune system reactivity in a way that benefits our health. In other words, they are microorganisms good for our health. To achieve this, probiotics actively ‘compete’ with pathogenic bacteria for attachment sites, nutrition, etc. Probiotics are also beneficial by eliminating the toxins produced by pathogens, hereby rendering them invalid. Research surrounding probiotics has historically focused on digestive health. Over recent years, scientists have been investigating the potential immune benefits of probiotics, as well as other benefits beyond the recognized area of gut. This article attempts to summarize the mechanisms of action of probiotics with a brief overview of some of the oral benefits of certain probiotics organisms.
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Valery, Damian, Praveen Miranda, and Hrishikesh Pande. "The Economics of Suicide." Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 2, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2009vol2no1art198.
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On April 8th 1994 Kurt Cobain, the lead singer of Nirvana, was found dead in his Seattle home of an apparent shotgun wound to the head and with three times the lethal amount of heroin in his system. A note lay at the scene. The verdict was suicide. Others are sceptical.’ (from www.deathofkurtcobain.com) In the pall of gloom surrounding Michael Jackson’s recent death when we read this extract from a site dedicated to Kurt Cobain, a number of questions struck us as being interesting. Why do famous celebrities commit suicide? Could the reasons be monetary, social or some other phenomenon? Why would such renowned personalities give up an apparent life of luxury? In furthering our understanding of these issues it strikes us as pertinent to ask whether we can ever view suicide from the perspective of an economist. Can we assess human behaviour pertaining to suicide using the ration al science of economics or are we treading on unknown territory in psychiatry instead? Consider a quote by the famous economist Gary Becker from his book The Economic Approach to Human Behaviour’
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Moh. Asra. "Implementasi Aplikasi al-Kafâlah di Lembaga Keuangan Syari’ah di Indonesia." Istidlal: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Hukum Islam 4, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/istidlal.v4i2.263.
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Generally, al-kafalah is an act of combining the dependents of the insurer and the main insurer related to claims about life, debt, goods, or work. Al-kafalah is implemented by the existence of the insurer, the main insurer, the insured, and the dependents. This research primary source is literature, using a qualitative descriptive approach. Shaykh Mustofa Al-Khin and Shaykh Mustofa Al-Bugha quote the wisdom of al-kafalah through the maqashid syariah. He both explained that the al-kafalah procedure made it easier for someone to meet their needs through the principle of helping. Al-kafalah can protect the possibilities that occur during the transaction or as long as the debt has not been paid. Al-kafalah has been widely applied in financial institutions such as banks, as well as e-commerce based on the al-kafalah bi al-ujrah system which has previously been permitted by contemporary scholars. Meanwhile, al-kafalah which is based on tabarru 'in Indonesia is only found in the Indonesian Health Card (KIS) mechanism.
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Zander, Joakim. "Risk versus Hazard before the EU Courts – A Comment." European Journal of Risk Regulation 2, no. 2 (June 2011): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1867299x00001148.
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Professor Lofstedt presents a convincing illustration of the inconsistencies inherent in a European system of regulation where Member States choose whether to regulate based on assessments of risks or hazards depending on the product concerned. Particularly striking is the candid comment of a Swedish official who seems to marvel at the conflicting positions of his own government. The quote reminds this author of an official in the Swedish Ministry of Environment who in an interview stated that the application of regulation would be widely different if the precautionary principle as included in the Swedish Environmental Code or the precautionary principle as included in the Swedish Planning Code were to be employed.1 For a lawyer – or anyone else with an interest in the rule of law – such inconsistencies pose serious problems with regard to legal certainty. Unfortunately, those who could reasonably be expected to be most concerned with issues relating to the rule of law – national and European courts – have thus far proven reluctant to second-guess, or even criticise, decisions in the area of risk regulation.
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Khvalkov, Evgeny A. "Europeans in the Black Sea Area during the Late Middle Ages: The Genoese Colony of Caffa." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med.2018.1.11.
Full textAbstract:
The four brief papers following below continue the line of reports on the archival finds of the Western migrants to the Genoese overseas colony of Caffa from outside Liguria in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, previously published in Archivio Storico Messinese,1 Rassegna Storica Salernitana,2 Studi Piemontesi,3 Studi veneziani,4 and Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria.5 The main sources researched for these studies are Caffae Massariae – the public books of accounts of the treasury of the Commune of Caffa drawn by the officers called massarii. These officers were annually rotated and sent from metropolis (Genoa) to its colony (Caffa). Caffae Massariae reflect money transactions and operations of the treasury in the double-entry bookkeeping system. The sources are stored in the archival section of the Bank of Saint George.6 Since Caffae Massariae quote (directly or indirectly) all those city inhabitants, who did with the administration any kind of financial transaction, they reflect the main flows of Latin migration from the West to the overseas Eastern colonies.