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1
BRZOZOWSKI, JANUSZ, and BO LIU. "QUOTIENT COMPLEXITY OF STAR-FREE LANGUAGES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 23, no. 06 (September 2012): 1261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054112400515.
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The quotient complexity, also known as state complexity, of a regular language is the number of distinct left quotients of the language. The quotient complexity of an operation is the maximal quotient complexity of the language resulting from the operation, as a function of the quotient complexities of the operands. The class of star-free languages is the smallest class containing the finite languages and closed under boolean operations and concatenation. We prove that the tight bounds on the quotient complexities of union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference, concatenation and star for star-free languages are the same as those for regular languages, with some small exceptions, whereas 2n-1 is a lower bound for reversal.
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Bae, Yongju, and Seongjeong Kim. "On quotient structure of Takasaki quandles II." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 23, no. 07 (June 2014): 1460012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216514600128.
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A Takasaki quandle (T(G), *) is a quandle under the binary operation * defined by a*b = 2b-a for an abelian group (G, +). In this paper, we will show that if a subquandle X of a Takasaki quandle G is a image of subgroup of G under a quandle automorphism of T(G), then the set {X * g | g ∈ G} is a quandle under the binary operation *′ defined by (X * g) *′ (X * h) = X * (g * h). On the other hand, the quotient structure studied in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156] can be applied to the Takasaki quandles. In this paper, we will review the quotient structure studied in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156], and show that the quotient quandle coincides with the quotient quandle defined by Bunch, Lofgren, Rapp and Yetter in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156] for connected Takasaki quandles.
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Okhotin, Alexander, and Kai Salomaa. "State Complexity of the Quotient Operation on Input-Driven Pushdown Automata." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 30, no. 06n07 (September 2019): 1217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054119400367.
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The quotient of a formal language [Formula: see text] by another language [Formula: see text] is the set of all strings obtained by taking a string from [Formula: see text] that ends with a suffix of a string from [Formula: see text], and removing that suffix. The quotient of a regular language by any language is always regular, whereas the context-free languages and many of their subfamilies, such as the linear and the deterministic languages, are not closed under the quotient operation. This paper establishes the closure of the family of languages recognized by input-driven pushdown automata (IDPDA), also known as visibly pushdown automata, under the quotient operation. A construction of automata representing the result of the operation is given, and its state complexity with respect to nondeterministic IDPDA is shown to be exactly [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the numbers of states in the automata recognizing [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively.
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Tarmizi, Mahfuz, and Saman Abdurrahman. "GRUP FAKTOR YANG DIBANGUN DARI SUBGRUP NORMAL FUZZY." JURNAL MATEMATIKA MURNI DAN TERAPAN EPSILON 13, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/epsilon.v13i1.1240.
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A Quotient group is a set which contains coset members and satisfies group definition. These cosets are formed by group and its normal subgroup. A set which contains fuzzy coset members is also called a quotient group. These fuzzy cosets are formed by a group and its fuzzy normal subgroup. The purpose of this research is to explain quotient groups induced by fuzzy normal subgroups and isomorphic between them. This research construct sets which contain fuzzy coset members, define an operation between fuzzy cosets and prove these sets under an operation between fuzzy coset satisfy group definition, and prove theorems relating to qoutient groups and homomorphism. The results of this research are is a qoutient group induced by a fuzzy normal subgroup, where is a fuzzy normal subgroup of a group , is a fuzzy coset, and the binary operation is “” where for every . An epimorphism from a group to a group and a fuzzy normal subgroup of which is constant on cause quotient goup and are isomorphic.
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KAWACHI, Shoji, Takao YAMANOUE, Osafumi YUGE, and Michio MORIO. "The effects of glucose administration on resoiratory quotient during operation." JOURNAL OF JAPAN SOCIETY FOR CLINICAL ANESTHESIA 7, no. 2 (1987): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2199/jjsca.7.213.
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BAE, YONGJU, and SEONGJEONG KIM. "ON QUOTIENT STRUCTURE OF TAKASAKI QUANDLES." Journal of Knot Theory and Its Ramifications 22, no. 12 (October 2013): 1341001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218216513410010.
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A Takasaki quandle is defined by the binary operation a * b = 2b - a on an abelian group G. A Takasaki quandle depends on the algebraic properties of the underlying abelian group. In this paper, we will study the quotient structure of a Takasaki quandle in terms of its subquandle. If a subquandle X of a quandle Q is a subgroup of the underlying group Q, then we can define the quandle structure on the set {X * g | g ∈ Q}, which is called the quotient quandle of Q. Also we will study conditions for a subquandle X to be a subgroup of the underlying group when it contains the identity element.
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Zafrullah, Muhaamad. "The v-operation and intersections of quotient rings of integral domains." Communications in Algebra 13, no. 8 (January 1985): 1699–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00927878508823247.
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Yoon, Seonah, and Hyunjung Yang. "The Study on the Development and Validation of Brain Operation Quotient Test." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 10, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 1679–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.10.6.123.
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Dassow, Jürgen. "Further Remarks on the Operational Nonterminal Complexity." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 32, no. 05 (January 30, 2021): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054121410021.
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For a regular language [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the minimal number of nonterminals necessary to generate [Formula: see text] by right linear grammars. Moreover, for natural numbers [Formula: see text] and an [Formula: see text]-ary regularity preserving operation [Formula: see text], let the range [Formula: see text] be the set of all numbers [Formula: see text] such that there are regular languages [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We show that, for the circular shift operation [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is infinite for all [Formula: see text], and we completely determine the set [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we give a precise range for the left right quotient and a partial result for the left quotient. Furthermore, we add some values to the range for the operation intersection which improves the result of [ 2 ].
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El Baghdadi, Said, Marco Fontana, and Muhammad Zafrullah. "Intersections of quotient rings and Prüfer v-multiplication domains." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 15, no. 08 (July 24, 2016): 1650149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498816501498.
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Let [Formula: see text] be an integral domain with quotient field [Formula: see text]. Call an overring [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] a subring of [Formula: see text] containing [Formula: see text] as a subring. A family [Formula: see text] of overrings of [Formula: see text] is called a defining family of [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text]. Call an overring [Formula: see text] a sublocalization of [Formula: see text], if [Formula: see text] has a defining family consisting of rings of fractions of [Formula: see text]. Sublocalizations and their intersections exhibit interesting examples of semistar or star operations [D. D. Anderson, Star operations induced by overrings, Comm. Algebra 16 (1988) 2535–2553]. We show as a consequence of our work that domains that are locally finite intersections of Prüfer [Formula: see text]-multiplication (respectively, Mori) sublocalizations turn out to be Prüfer [Formula: see text]-multiplication domains (PvMDs) (respectively, Mori); in particular, for the Mori domain case, we reobtain a special case of Théorème 1 of [J. Querré, Intersections d’anneaux intègers, J. Algebra 43 (1976) 55–60] and Proposition 3.2 of [N. Dessagnes, Intersections d’anneaux de Mori — exemples, Port. Math. 44 (1987) 379–392]. We also show that, more than the finite character of the defining family, it is the finite character of the star operation induced by the defining family that causes the interesting results. As a particular case of this theory, we provide a purely algebraic approach for characterizing P vMDs as a subclass of the class of essential domains (see also Theorem 2.4 of [C. A. Finocchiaro and F. Tartarone, On a topological characterization of Prüfer [Formula: see text]-multiplication domains among essential domains, preprint (2014), arXiv:1410.4037]).
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Karyati, Karyati, and Rifki Chandra Utama. "FUZZY RINGS AND ITS PROPERTIES." Jurnal Sains Dasar 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v5i1.12662.
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Abstract One of algebraic structure that involves a binary operation is a group that is defined an un empty set (classical) with an associative binary operation, it has identity elements and each element has an inverse. In the structure of the group known as the term subgroup, normal subgroup, subgroup and factor group homomorphism and its properties. Classical algebraic structure is developed to algebraic structure fuzzy by the researchers as an example semi group fuzzy and fuzzy group after fuzzy sets is introduced by L. A. Zadeh at 1965. It is inspired of writing about semi group fuzzy and group of fuzzy, a research on the algebraic structure of the ring is held with reviewing ring fuzzy, ideal ring fuzzy, homomorphism ring fuzzy and quotient ring fuzzy with its properties. The results of this study are obtained fuzzy properties of the ring, ring ideal properties fuzzy, properties of fuzzy ring homomorphism and properties of fuzzy quotient ring by utilizing a subset of a subset level and strong level as well as image and pre-image homomorphism fuzzy ring. Keywords: fuzzy ring, subset level, homomorphism fuzzy ring, fuzzy quotient ring
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York, I. O. "The exponent of certain finite p-groups." Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society 33, no. 3 (October 1990): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0013091500004880.
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In this paper, for R a commutative ring, with identity, of characteristic p, we look at the group G(R) of formal power series with coefficients in R, of the formand the group operation being substitution. The results obtained give the exponent of the quotient groups Gn(R) of this group, n∈ℕ.
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Dhatrak, R. K., R. K. Nema, and D. M. Deshpande. "Microcontroller Based Flexible Modulation Scheme of MLI Operation for Selective Lower Levels: A Knowledge Based Approach." Journal of Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9206124.
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In today’s industrial world multilevel inverter (MLI) got a significant importance in medium voltage application and also a very potential topic for researchers. It is experienced that studying and comparing results of multilevel inverter (MLI) at distinct levels are a costlier and time consuming issue for any researcher if he fabricate different inverters for each level, as designing power modules simultaneously for different level is a cumbersome task. In this paper a flexible quotient has been proposed to recognize possible conversion of available MLI to few lower level inverters by appropriately changing microcontroller programming. This is an attempt to obtain such change in levels through simulation using MATLAB Simulink on inductive load which may also be applied to induction motor. Experimental results of pulse generation using dsPIC33EP256MC202 demonstrate the feasibility of proposed scheme. Proposed flexible quotient successfully demonstrates that a five-level inverter may be operated as three and two levels also. The paper focuses on odd levels only as common mode voltage (CMV) can be reduced to zero and performance of drives is better than even level. Simulated and experimental results are given in paper.
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Ibrahim, Hariwan Z., and Muwafaq M. Salih. "A New Type of Weakly Commutative Groups." Science Journal of University of Zakho 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.25271/2017.5.2.373.
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The aim of the present paper is to define and study a new class of groups, namely Wm-groups with a single binary operation based on axioms of semi commutativity, right identity and left inverse. Moreover, we introduce the notions of right cosets, quotient Wm-groups, homomorphisms, kernel and normal Wm-subgroups in terms of Wm-groups, and investigate some of their properties.
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Yacubian-Fernandes, Adriano, Aristides Palhares, Alcir Giglio, Roberto C. Gabarra, Silvio Zanini, Luis Portela, Mateus Violin Silva, Gimol Bezaquen Perosa, Dagma Abramides, and José Píndaro P. Plese. "Apert syndrome: factors involved in the cognitive development." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 63, no. 4 (December 2005): 963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2005000600011.
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Apert syndrome is characterized by craniosynostosis, symmetric syndactyly and other systemic malformations, with mental retardation usually present. The objective of this study was to correlate brain malformations and timing for surgery with neuropsychological evaluation. We also tried to determine other relevant aspects involved in cognitive development of these patients such as social classification of families and parents’ education. Eighteen patients with Apert syndrome were studied, whose ages were between 14 and 322 months. Brain abnormalities were observed in 55.6% of them. The intelligence quotient or developmental quotient values observed were between 45 and 108. Mental development was related to the quality of family environment and parents’ education. Mental development was not correlated to brain malformation or age at time of operation. In conclusion, quality of family environment was the most significant factor directly involved in mental development of patients with Apert syndrome.
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Petráčková, Irena, Jiří Zach, Jiří Borský, Miloš Černý, Renata Hacklová, Miroslav Tvrdek, and Jan Janota. "Early and late operation of cleft lip and intelligence quotient and psychosocial development in 3–7years." Early Human Development 91, no. 2 (February 2015): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.015.
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CÂMPEANU, C., K. SALOMAA, and S. VÁGVÖLGYI. "SHUFFLE DECOMPOSITIONS OF REGULAR LANGUAGES." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 13, no. 06 (December 2002): 799–816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054102001461.
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We study the shuffle quotient operation and introduce equivalence relations it defines with respect to a (regular) language. Corresponding to an arbitrary shuffle decomposition we construct a normalized decomposition that is defined in terms of maximal languages. Using closure properties of the normalized decompositions we show that for certain subclasses of regular languages we can effectively decide whether or not the language has a non-trivial shuffle decomposition. We show that shuffle decomposition is undecidable for context-free languages.
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Suchowska-Kisielewicz, Monika, Aleksandra Sieciechowicz, and Zofia Sadecka. "The Efficiency of Nitrogen Compounds Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plant." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0031.
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Abstract In sewage treatment plants for removing nitrogen compounds are used biological processes of nitrification and denitrification. The parameters determining the efficiency of biological processes of nitrogen removal are organic carbon ratio (BOD5) to total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), temperature and pH. The impact of these parameters on the operation of the sewage treatment plant with an RLM of 45,000 based on operational data from the period 2011-2013 has been assessed. The efficiency of removing nitrogen compounds from sewage in the analysed treatment plant depended on the temperature of sewage and the quotient BOD5/TKN. Even at the optimal ranges of BOD5/TKN ratio temperature at 10°C nitrogen concentration in the treated wastewater was about 3 times higher than the limit value, and the removal efficiency of nitrogen varied between about 30 to 60%.
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Mehrshad, S., and N. Kouhestani. "On pseudo-valuations on BCK-algebras." Filomat 32, no. 12 (2018): 4319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1812319m.
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In this paper, we study some properties of pseudo-valuations and their induced quasi metrics. The continuity of operation of a BCK-algebra was studied with topology induced by a pseudo-valuation. Moreover, we show that product of finite number of this pseudo metric spaces is a pseudo metric space. Also, we prove that if a BCK-algebra X has a pseudo-valuation, then every quotient space of X has a pseudo metric. The completion of this spaces has been investigated in the present study.
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Fuiks, Kimball S., Allen R. Wyler, Bruce P. Hermann, and Grant Somes. "Seizure outcome from anterior and complete corpus callosotomy." Journal of Neurosurgery 74, no. 4 (April 1991): 573–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1991.74.4.0573.
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✓ Eighty patients underwent anterior corpus callosotomy for treatment of generalized seizures. The patients' mean age was 18.3 years (range 4 to 53 years); the mean age at seizure onset was 5.27 years (range 0.1 to 27 years). The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of 41 testable patients was 71.12 (range < 30 to 114). The seizure outcome was as follows: 13% were seizure-free, 65% were significantly improved, and 22% were unchanged. Ten patients subsequently underwent a second operation to complete the callosal sectioning which resulted in additional seizure improvement in only five of them. Five complications resulted from 90 operations: two epidural hematomas, one delayed subdural hematoma, one bone-flap infection, and one postcallosotomy disconnection syndrome; two patients died. A younger age at onset of seizures, a higher IQ, and generalized tonic-clonic, atonic, complex-partial, and mixed seizure types were associated with improved seizure outcome.
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Zhang, Lei, Chenxing Zheng, Yu Zheng, Haihong Huang, and Qingdi Ke. "Product evolutionary design driven by environmental performance." Concurrent Engineering 27, no. 1 (October 15, 2018): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x18805200.
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This article is in terms of product environmental performance demand and proposes four structure evolutionary operation modes which include combined evolutionary method, decomposition evolutionary method, replacement evolutionary method, and material-changing evolutionary method to express the structure evolutionary process of products. Through the quotient space theory and proposed method combined with probability statistics, probability mapping from environmental performance to product structure is established and the evolutionary individuals with outstanding environmental performance are listed. Through the analysis to the specific conditions of the evolutionary individuals, the design constraints are extracted, and the objective function of environmental performance is established. This article presents an interactive genetic algorithm as evolutionary algorithm and combines it with four structure evolutionary operation modes to conduct corresponding gene manipulation and generates evolutionary product. Finally, the proposed methodology is successfully applied to engine gear chamber and the environmental impact is found to be better than before evolution.
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Bin, Zhao. "Transient analysis on track circuits in crack state." MATEC Web of Conferences 173 (2018): 02046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817302046.
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The transient transformation of track circuit between the normal state and crack state is analyzed. Firstly, the model of crack state of track circuit in the complex frequency domain is established. According to the boundary conditions of crack state of track circuit, the expression of current traveling wave in the receiving end is obtained in complex frequency domain. Based on it, the numerical solution in the time domain is got by FFT&IFFT conjunction with quotient-difference (Q-D) algorithm. Then, the steady state of circuit in normal state is taken as state of zero moment of track circuit, the transient process from normal state transform into crack state is solved. Thirdly, the Electro-Magnetic Transient Program (EMTP) model of crack operation is established to prove that the transient analysis result is correct. It provides a power theoretical basis to distinguish the operation state of track circuit by transient analysis.
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Nongmanee, Anak, and Sorasak Leeratanavalee. "Ternary Menger Algebras: A Generalization of Ternary Semigroups." Mathematics 9, no. 5 (March 5, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9050553.
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Let n be a fixed natural number. Menger algebras of rank n, which was introduced by Menger, K., can be regarded as the suitable generalization of arbitrary semigroups. Based on this knowledge, an interesting question arises: what a generalization of ternary semigroups is. In this article, we first introduce the notion of ternary Menger algebras of rank n, which is a canonical generalization of arbitrary ternary semigroups, and discuss their related properties. In the second part, we establish the so-called a diagonal ternary semigroup which its operation is induced by the operation on ternary Menger algebras of rank n and then investigate their interesting properties. Moreover, we introduce the concept of homomorphism and congruences on ternary Menger algebras of rank n. These lead us to study the quotient ternary Menger algebras of rank n and to investigate the homomorphism theorem for ternary Menger algebra of rank n with respect to congruences. Furthermore, the characterization of reduction of ternary Menger algebra into Menger algebra is presented.
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Tchórzewska-Cieślak, Barbara, and Katarzyna Pietrucha-Urbanik. "Approaches to Methods of Risk Analysis and Assessment Regarding the Gas Supply to a City." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 3304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123304.
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Analysis and assessment of the reliability and safety of a gas-supply system is a key issue, given its status as critical infrastructure. A gas-supply system is characterised by continuous operation and a consequent need to achieve a high level of operating reliability and safety. Such a system has its unique aspects, with particular elements having their different functions while also simultaneously interacting in the context of the integral whole. In such circumstances, risk analysis can prove useful in planning activity to prevent damage, and also in the devising of rescue scenarios. Thus, the purpose of the analysis presented here has been to supply the information that is necessary in decision-making relating to risk reduction. One of the most comprehensive assessment methods is based on the expected value of gas shortage. Basic formulae with which to determine a generalised indicator of system reliability are also presented, with risk viewed as synonymous with the unreliability of gas supply. This paper then proposes a method by which an indicator of the expected efficiency of operation may also be determined as the quotient of chance and absolute risk. The thinking in this article has been developed on the basis of data from a real gas-supply system, while the computational methods deployed allowed applications to draw conclusions regarding possible modification of the expected gas shortages method.
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ELLIOTT, JESSE. "PRESENTATIONS AND MODULE BASES OF INTEGER-VALUED POLYNOMIAL RINGS." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 12, no. 01 (December 13, 2012): 1250137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021949881250137x.
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Let D be an integral domain with quotient field K. For any set X, the ring Int (DX) of integer-valued polynomials onDX is the set of all polynomials f ∈ K[X] such that f(DX) ⊆ D. Using the t-closure operation on fractional ideals, we find for any set X a D-algebra presentation of Int (DX) by generators and relations for a large class of domains D, including any unique factorization domain D, and more generally any Krull domain D such that Int (D) has a regular basis, that is, a D-module basis consisting of exactly one polynomial of each degree. As a corollary we find for all such domains D an intrinsic characterization of the D-algebras that are isomorphic to a quotient of Int (DX) for some set X. We also generalize the well-known result that a Krull domain D has a regular basis if and only if the Pólya–Ostrowski group of D (that is, the subgroup of the class group of D generated by the images of the factorial ideals of D) is trivial, if and only if the product of the height one prime ideals of finite norm q is principal for every q.
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Fulp, Ronald. "Infinite Dimensional DeWitt Supergroups and their Bodies." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 57, no. 2 (June 14, 2014): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2013-025-6.
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AbstractFor Dewitt super groups G modeled via an underlying finitely generated Grassmann algebra it is well known that when there exists a body group BG compatible with the group operation on G, then, generically, the kernel K of the body homomorphism is nilpotent. This is not true when the underlying Grassmann algebra is infinitely generated. We show that it is quasi-nilpotent in the sense that as a Banach Lie group its Lie algebra κ has the property that for each a ∊ κ ada has a zero spectrum. We also show that the exponential mapping from κ to K is surjective and that K is a quotient manifold of the Banach space κ via a lattice in κ.
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Liu, Shi-Yong, Ning An, Xiang Fang, Prabhdeep Singh, Joseph Oommen, Qing Yin, Mei-Hua Yang, et al. "Surgical Treatment of Patients with Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome Phenotype." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/614263.
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Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a devastating and refractory generalized epilepsy affecting children and adolescents. In this study we report the results of resective surgery in 18 patients with LGS phenotype who underwent single-lobe/lesionectomy or multilobe resection plus multiple subpial transection and/or callosotomy. After surgery, seven patients became completely seizure-free (Engel Class I) and five almost seizure-free (Engel Class II). Additional four had significant seizure control (Engel Class III), and two had no change in seizure frequency (Engel Class IV). Of the 4 patients without any lesion on brain MRI, 2 ended with Engel Class II, 1 with III and the other with IV in Engels’ classification. Mean intelligence quotient (IQ) increased from 56.1 ± 8.1 (mean ± SD) before operation to 67.4 ± 8.2 (mean ± SD) after operation, a significant improvement (P=0.001). Results also indicated that the younger the patient at surgery, or the shorter the interval between onset of seizure and resective operation, the better the intellectual outcome. Our data suggest that resective epilepsy surgery can be successful in patients with LGS phenotype as long as the EEG shows dominance of discharges in one hemisphere and corresponding ipsilateral imaging findings, even with contralateral ictal discharges.
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Ji, Wen-Yu, Ning Cai, Ke-bai Tu, Yong-Xin Wang, Yan-Dong Fan, and DangmurenjiaFu Geng. "Effects of ETV and VPS on cognitive impairment in infants with congenital hydrocephalus: A retrospective study." European Journal of Inflammation 19 (January 2021): 205873921986609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058739219866095.
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This study aims to investigate the postoperative cognitive function changes of infants who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) or ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus. Data of 70 hydrocephalus infants and children were retrospectively analyzed. Among these patients, 20 patients underwent ETV, 27 patients underwent VPS, and 23 patients did not undergo any operation (controls). All patients were routinely cared after discharge. The Gecell Developmental Diagnostic Scale was filled for all patients at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 6 months after diagnosis. A total of 20 patients in the ETV group were followed up for 6 months. Among these patients, the clinical symptoms of 18 patients significantly improved. Results determined at 6 months after surgery in the ETV group was statistically significant, compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Results determined at 2 and 6 months after surgery in the VPS group were statistically significant, compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). Developmental quotient (DQ) values in these two operation groups increased after the operation ( P < 0.01), and the differences were statistically significant. ETV and VPS can improve the cognitive function of infants with hydrocephalus. Improvement of cognitive function by VPS is more significant for infants.
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Wang, Zhi Jie, San Ming Liu, Pan Xi, Ze Yang Pei, Xin Xia Su, and Li Juan Chen. "The Influence of Wind Power Grid to Power System Small Disturbance Stability Study." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.606.
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Setting up a practical power system containing wind farm small disturbance stability mathematical model, and the linearized equation of wind turbines and original equations of linear system, power system containing wind turbines augmented state formation matrix, turn the inverse iteration with PSASP software Rayleigh (Rayleigh quotient iterative algorithm and sparse matrix technique for large state matrix eigenvalues. In this paper, the Inner Mongolia power grid, wind power access to power system oscillation mode and the influence of the oscillation characteristics and meet the requirements of small disturbance stability of wind scale and operation control scheme. The influence of the wind farm is proposed for power system damping characteristics will not greater than the same capacity of synchronous generator's point of view.
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Hummel, S., P. Kirchner, and B. Kahle. "Quantifizierung des Effekts von Varizenoperationen auf die venöse Hämodynamik mittels des veno-arteriellen Flow-Index (VAFI)." Phlebologie 30, no. 01 (January 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1617261.
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Zusammenfassung Ziel: Quantifizierung des Effekts von Varizenoperationen auf die venöse Hämodynamik anhand des Quotienten der Stromzeitvolumina aus Vena und Arteria femoralis communis (VSV, ASV). Methode: 46 Patienten wurden in drei Kollektive eingeteilt. Von 22 Patienten mit kompletter Stammvarikosis der V. saphena magna erhielten 12 eine Krossektomie mit Stripping-Operation (Kollektiv 1) und 10 Patienten auf Wunsch eine Exhärese der Varikosis am Unterschenkel (Kollektiv 2). 24 Patienten mit inkompletter Stammvarikosis (Kollektiv 3) erhielten die selektive Exhärese ihrer Varizen. Bei allen Patienten wurde jeweils unter standardisierten Bedingungen VSV und ASV direkt präoperativ, 2 und 8 Wochen postoperativ duplexsonographisch gemessen und der Korrelationsindex (VAFI) als Quotient aus VSV und ASV berechnet. Verwendet wurde das Gerät Apogee 800 (Advanced Technologies Laboratories) mit 7,5-MHz- Linearschallkopf. Ergebnisse: Präoperativ war das mittlere VSV des Gesamtkollektivs 0,42 l/min, postoperativ nach 2 Wochen 0,30 l/min und 0,28 l/min nach 8 Wochen (p<0,001). ASV zeigte keine signifikante Änderung. Der VAFI des Gesamtkollektivs nahm signifikant von 1,19 auf 0,86 und 0,77 nach 8 Wochen ab (p<0,001). Die einzelnen Kollektive zeigten in der Höhe des VAFI deutliche Unterschiede. Kollektiv 1: 1,28 präoperativ, 0,83 und 0,73 postoperativ – Kollektiv 2: 1,34 präoperativ, 1,01 und 0,87 postoperativ, und Kollektiv 3: 1,02 präoperativ, 0,86 und 0,73 postoperativ. Schlussfolgerung: Varizenoperationen bewirken eine signifikante Abnahme von VSV und VAFI. Der bessere Parameter zur Quantifizierung des hämodynamischen Effekts ist der VAFI.
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Vasylyshyn, T. V. "Topology on the spectrum of the algebra of entire symmetric functions of bounded type on the complex $L_\infty$." Carpathian Mathematical Publications 9, no. 1 (June 19, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/cmp.9.1.22-27.
Full textAbstract:
It is known that the so-called elementary symmetric polynomials $R_n(x) = \int_{[0,1]}(x(t))^n\,dt$ form an algebraic basis in the algebra of all symmetric continuous polynomials on the complex Banach space $L_\infty,$ which is dense in the Fr\'{e}chet algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ of all entire symmetric functions of bounded type on $L_\infty.$ Consequently, every continuous homomorphism $\varphi: H_{bs}(L_\infty) \to \mathbb{C}$ is uniquely determined by the sequence $\{\varphi(R_n)\}_{n=1}^\infty.$ By the continuity of the homomorphism $\varphi,$ the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\varphi(R_n)|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded. On the other hand, for every sequence $\{\xi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty \subset \mathbb{C},$ such that the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\xi_n|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded, there exists $x_\xi \in L_\infty$ such that $R_n(x_\xi) = \xi_n$ for every $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Therefore, for the point-evaluation functional $\delta_{x_\xi}$ we have $\delta_{x_\xi}(R_n) = \xi_n$ for every $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ Thus, every continuous complex-valued homomorphism of $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ is a point-evaluation functional at some point of $L_\infty.$ Note that such a point is not unique. We can consider an equivalence relation on $L_\infty,$ defined by $x\sim y \Leftrightarrow \delta_x = \delta_y.$ The spectrum (the set of all continuous complex-valued homomorphisms) $M_{bs}$ of the algebra $H_{bs}(L_\infty)$ is one-to-one with the quotient set $L_\infty/_\sim.$ Consequently, $M_{bs}$ can be endowed with the quotient topology. On the other hand, it is naturally to identify $M_{bs}$ with the set of all sequences $\{\xi_n\}_{n=1}^\infty \subset \mathbb{C}$ such that the sequence $\{\sqrt[n]{|\xi_n|}\}_{n=1}^\infty$ is bounded.We show that the quotient topology is Hausdorffand that $M_{bs}$ with the operation of coordinate-wise addition of sequences forms an abelian topological group.
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Skyba, O., I. Domanov, and V. Kravchenko. "INVESTIGATION OF RISKS OF INFLUENCE OF THE RESULTS OF THE OPERATION DIVISION ON THE QUALITY OF PSEUDO-RANDOM VALUE GENERATORS EMBEDDED IN THE SOFTWARE." Наукові праці Державного науково-дослідного інституту випробувань і сертифікації озброєння та військової техніки, no. 8 (June 29, 2021): 126–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.8.2021.13.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to certain approaches that concerned a checking random values obtained from the generator of random (pseudorandom) values. The article provides the results of a practical research of the numbers which are obtained during the division operation.
The research was directed to find out the ratio of even and odd numbers in a quotients and remainders in the results of performing of the division operation. The analysis was carried out due to the fact that the remainder and quotient of division is widely used in various algorithms of software tools intended for generating random and pseudorandom values (numbers).
The results of the research, which are given in this scientific publication, confirm the existence of prerequisites for the outputting by the generator of pseudorandom values such values (numbers) which will not fully meet the criteria. First of all, it is a criterion which concerns parity and oddity of the numbers which can be outputted by generator of random and pseudorandom values.
The authors propose to explore parity and oddity using two methods. The first method is based on Pearson's squared test (chi-squared test). It allows you to find out the presence and admissibility of deviation of the sequence of values obtained empirically, with theoretical (predicted) values. In this case, the level of accuracy is chosen depending on the requirements for the software product as a whole and the generator of random (pseudorandom) values in particular.
The second method is based on the long series test (long sequences test), which determines the permissible number of even or odd values that follow each other. In this case, the number of allowed such sequences depends on the number of results obtained during a series of experiments.
The proposed approaches are recommended for software products planning and testing which is supposed to be used by the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.
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Renier, Dominique, Eric Arnaud, Giuseppe Cinalli, Guy Sebag, Michel Zerah, and Daniel Marchac. "Prognosis for mental function in Apert's syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery 85, no. 1 (July 1996): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1996.85.1.0066.
Full textAbstract:
✓ The factors involved in the mental development of patients with Apert's syndrome were studied by the authors, focusing on the age of the patient at operation, associated brain malformations, and the quality of the family environment. Overall, 32% of patients with significant follow-up review had an intelligence quotient (IQ) greater than 70. Age at operation appeared to be the main factor associated with changes in mental development: final IQ was greater than 70 in 50% of patients operated on before 1 year of age versus only 7.1% in patients operated on later in life (p = 0.01). Malformations of the corpus callosum and size of the ventricles played no role in the final IQ, whereas anomalies of the septum pellucidum had a significant effect, with the proportion of patients with an IQ over 70 increasing more than twofold in patients with a normal septum compared with patients with septal anomalies (p < 0.04). Quality of the family environment was the third factor involved in intellectual achievement: only 12.5% of institutionalized children reached a normal IQ level compared to 39.3% of children from a normal family background.
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Piasecki and Stasiak. "The Forex Trading System for Speculation with Constant Magnitude of Unit Return." Mathematics 7, no. 7 (July 12, 2019): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7070623.
Full textAbstract:
The main purpose of this article is to investigate a speculative trading system with a constant magnitude of return rate. We consider speculative operations related to the exchange rate given as the quotient of the base exchange medium by the quoted currency. An exchange medium is understood as any currency or any precious metal. The unit return is defined as the return expressed in the quoted currency by the amount of base exchange medium. All possible states of the exchange market form a finite elemental space. All knowledge about the dynamics of this market is presented as a prediction table describing the conditional probability distributions of incoming exchange rate changes. On the other hand, in the proposed trading system each speculative operation is concluded in such a way that the gross payment is determined by the given magnitude of unit return. The paper contains an analysis of the following evaluation criteria: annual number of transaction, success probability, expected unit payment, expected unit profit, risk index, unit risk premium, return rate, interest rate, and interest risk premium. Both of these indices can be used to select the effective trading systems. Effectiveness is considered in the local sense and in the global sense.
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Goodall, Colin R., and Kanti V. Mardia. "A geometrical derivation of the shape density." Advances in Applied Probability 23, no. 03 (September 1991): 496–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800023703.
Full textAbstract:
The density for the shapes of random configurations of N independent Gaussian-distributed landmarks in the plane with unequal means was first derived by Mardia and Dryden (1989a). Kendall (1984), (1989) describes a hierarchy of spaces for landmarks, including Euclidean figure space containing the original configuration, preform space (with location removed), preshape space (with location and scale removed), and shape space. We derive the joint density of the landmark points in each of these intermediate spaces, culminating in confirmation of the Mardia–Dryden result in shape space. This three-step derivation is an appealing alternative to the single-step original derivation, and also provides strong geometrical motivation and insight into Kendall's hierarchy. Preform space and preshape space are respectively Euclidean space with dimension 2(N–1) and the sphere in that space, and thus the first two steps are reasonably familiar. The third step, from preshape space to shape space, is more interesting. The quotient by the rotation group partitions the preshape sphere into equivalence classes of preshapes with the same shape. We introduce a canonical system of preshape coordinates that include 2(N–2) polar coordinates for shape and one coordinate for rotation. Integration over the rotation coordinate gives the Mardia–Dryden result. However, the usual geometrical intuition fails because the set of preshapes keeping the rotation coordinate (however chosen) fixed is not an integrable manifold. We characterize the geometry of the quotient operation through the relationships between distances in preshape space and distances among the corresponding shapes.
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Goodall, Colin R., and Kanti V. Mardia. "A geometrical derivation of the shape density." Advances in Applied Probability 23, no. 3 (September 1991): 496–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1427619.
Full textAbstract:
The density for the shapes of random configurations of N independent Gaussian-distributed landmarks in the plane with unequal means was first derived by Mardia and Dryden (1989a). Kendall (1984), (1989) describes a hierarchy of spaces for landmarks, including Euclidean figure space containing the original configuration, preform space (with location removed), preshape space (with location and scale removed), and shape space. We derive the joint density of the landmark points in each of these intermediate spaces, culminating in confirmation of the Mardia–Dryden result in shape space. This three-step derivation is an appealing alternative to the single-step original derivation, and also provides strong geometrical motivation and insight into Kendall's hierarchy. Preform space and preshape space are respectively Euclidean space with dimension 2(N–1) and the sphere in that space, and thus the first two steps are reasonably familiar. The third step, from preshape space to shape space, is more interesting. The quotient by the rotation group partitions the preshape sphere into equivalence classes of preshapes with the same shape. We introduce a canonical system of preshape coordinates that include 2(N–2) polar coordinates for shape and one coordinate for rotation. Integration over the rotation coordinate gives the Mardia–Dryden result. However, the usual geometrical intuition fails because the set of preshapes keeping the rotation coordinate (however chosen) fixed is not an integrable manifold. We characterize the geometry of the quotient operation through the relationships between distances in preshape space and distances among the corresponding shapes.
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Zhou, Xin, Ping Li, Florentin Smarandache, and Ahmed Mostafa Khalil. "New Results on Neutrosophic Extended Triplet Groups Equipped with a Partial Order." Symmetry 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2019): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11121514.
Full textAbstract:
Neutrosophic extended triplet group (NETG) is a novel algebra structure and it is different from the classical group. The major concern of this paper is to present the concept of a partially ordered neutrosophic extended triplet group (po-NETG), which is a NETG equipped with a partial order that relates to its multiplicative operation, and consider properties and structure features of po-NETGs. Firstly, in a po-NETG, we propose the concepts of the positive cone and negative cone, and investigate the structure features of them. Secondly, we study the specificity of the positive cone in a partially ordered weak commutative neutrosophic extended triplet group (po-WCNETG). Finally, we introduce the concept of a po-NETG homomorphism between two po-NETGs, construct a po-NETG on a quotient set by providing a multiplication and a partial order, then we discuss some fundamental properties of them.
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Meyer, Fredric B., W. Richard Marsh, Edward R. Laws, and Frank W. Sharbrough. "Temporal lobectomy in children with epilepsy." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 3 (March 1986): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.3.0371.
Full textAbstract:
✓ The results of temporal lobectomy for medically refractory seizures are analyzed in 29 boys and 21 girls with a mean age of 15.8 years. The average age at onset of seizures was 7.5 years, and the time between onset and surgery averaged 8.3 years. Postoperatively, 27 patients (54%) were seizure-free, 12 patients (24%) had only occasional auras without loss of consciousness, five patients (10%) had fewer seizures, and six (12%) were unchanged. Therefore, 78% were essentially seizure-free and 88% benefited significantly from the operation. There was no significant change in the Wechsler Intelligence Scale scores before and after surgery; however, the shorter the time between seizure onset and surgery, the greater the likelihood of improvement in verbal and perceptual intelligence quotient. Social outcome was significantly improved, and a large percentage of patients were either in school or actively employed. Early consideration of temporal lobectomy in children with medically refractory seizures is recommended.
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Stefanelli, Silvia, and Tracy Packiam Alloway. "Mathematical skills and working memory profile of children with borderline intellectual functioning." Journal of Intellectual Disabilities 24, no. 3 (December 28, 2018): 358–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744629518821251.
Full textAbstract:
Borderline intellectual functioning is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by an intelligence quotient (IQ) in the range of 70–85. The present study aimed to investigate the mathematical abilities and the working memory of students with borderline intellectual functioning (BIF). The sample group included 10 year-old students with BIF ( n = 85) and with average non-verbal IQ ( n = 45). The children were assessed in non-verbal intelligence, numerical ability and working memory. Our results showed an impairment of mathematical skills, especially in the operation tasks, and working memory in children with BIF, compared to typically developing peers. Generally, their skills seemed to be consistent with intelligence scores (WOND and AWMA scores ≥ 70). In some cases, children with BIF could have mathematical difficulties (WOND < 70). In general, they showed visuospatial short-term memory and central executive subsystem more damaged than non-verbal intelligence while the verbal short-term memory was similar to the IQ.
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ZAFFANELLA, ENEA, PATRICIA M. HILL, and ROBERTO BAGNARA. "Decomposing non-redundant sharing by complementation." Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 2, no. 2 (March 2002): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1471068401001351.
Full textAbstract:
Complementation, the inverse of the reduced product operation, is a technique for systematically finding minimal decompositions of abstract domains. Filé and Ranzato advanced the state of the art by introducing a simple method for computing a complement. As an application, they considered the extraction by complementation of the pair-sharing domain PS from the Jacobs and Langen's set-sharing domain SH. However, since the result of this operation was still SH, they concluded that PS was too abstract for this. Here, we show that the source of this result lies not with PS but with SH and, more precisely, with the redundant information contained in SH with respect to ground-dependencies and pair-sharing. In fact, a proper decomposition is obtained if the non-redundant version of SH, PSD, is substituted for SH. To establish the results for PSD, we define a general schema for subdomains of SH that includes PSD and Def as special cases. This sheds new light on the structure of PSD and exposes a natural though unexpected connection between Def and PSD. Moreover, we substantiate the claim that complementation alone is not sufficient to obtain truly minimal decompositions of domains. The right solution to this problem is to first remove redundancies by computing the quotient of the domain with respect to the observable behavior, and only then decompose it by complementation.
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Ergun, Gulfem, Ferhan Egilmez, Isil Cekic-Nagas, İnci Rana Karaca, and Suleyman Bozkaya. "Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on the Outcome of Early Loaded Dental Implants: A 3-Year Follow-up Study." Journal of Oral Implantology 39, S1 (May 1, 2013): 256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-11-00151.
Full textAbstract:
This study evaluated the effect of local application of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the outcome of early loaded implants. Two implants were placed in the posterior region or bilaterally symmetric to the median line of the maxilla. Then, PRP was either applied or not applied to the implant sockets. Outcome measures were prosthesis and implant success as well as biological and prosthetic complications. Stability of individual implants was assessed manually and with a resonance frequency analysis device. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) was recorded on the operation day, on postoperative day 4, and at postoperative week 1. At the end of the first postoperative week, implants with ISQ values >60 were early loaded on day 7 with metal-ceramic crowns. Measurements were repeated at postoperative weeks 2, 3, and 4 and at postoperative months 6, 12, 24, and 36. One of the 64 implants was dropped out after 3 months of loading. No prosthesis failed. There were no prosthetic complications. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between ISQ values of PRP and non-PRP implants on the operation day. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found between ISQ values of PRP and non-PRP implants in the follow-up periods (P > .05). No appreciable clinical effect was observed when using PRP in the maxilla.
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Shckorbatov, Yuriy, and Andrey Berezhnoy. "Similarities in protein amino acid composition in connection with principles of protein evolution." Open Life Sciences 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-008-0015-8.
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AbstractThe amino acid composition of human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was compared with alcohol dehydrogenases from different organisms and with other proteins. Similar amino acid sequences in human ADH (template protein) and in other proteins were determined by means of an original computer program. Analysis of amino acid motifs reveals that the ADHs from evolutionary more close organisms have more common amino acid sequences. The quantity measure of amino acid similarity was the number of similar motifs in analyzed protein per protein length. This value was measured for ADHs and for different proteins. For ADHs, this quotient was higher than for proteins with different functions; for vertebrates it correlated with evolutionary closeness. The similar operation of motif comparison was made with the help of program complex “MEME”. The analysis of ADHs revealed 4 motifs common to 6 of 10 tested organisms and no such motifs for proteins of different function. The conclusion is that general amino composition is more important for protein function than amino acid order and for enzymes of similar function it better correlates with evolutionary distance between organisms.
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Plouin-Gaudon, Isabelle, Jacques Jamart, Georges Lawson, and Marc Remacle. "Subtotal Carbon Dioxide Laser Arytenoidectomy for the Treatment of Bilateral Vocal Fold Immobility: Long-Term Results." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 2 (February 2005): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400206.
Full textAbstract:
Sixty-nine patients underwent subtotal carbon dioxide laser arytenoidectomy for treatment of bilateral vocal fold immobility between 1985 and 2000. The population included 69 patients whose mean age was 56 years (SD, 16 years; range, 11 to 82 years). The mean follow-up was 50 months (SD, 44 months; range, 1 to 181 months). The overall postoperative peak expiratory/peak inspiratory flow ratio (normal value, 1) significantly improved (closer to 1; p = .0036). Voice analyses were also undertaken for 27 patients, almost exclusively after operation, given the context of initial emergency. The maximum phonation time averaged 6.57 seconds (median, 6 seconds). The phonation quotient remained high, with a mean of 503 (median, 440), and the mean conversational voice intensity remained around 59 dB. The median frequency analysis type was 3. The advantage of subtotal arytenoidectomy lies in the fact that it maintains a certain degree of rigidity along the posterior limit of the arytenoid frame, preventing inward collapse of the mucosa and thus lowering the risk of aspiration.
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Wang, Haoli, Jun Hao, and Lizhen Zhang. "The Erdős–Burgess constant of the multiplicative semigroup of a factor ring of 𝔽q[x]." International Journal of Number Theory 15, no. 01 (February 2019): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793042119500015.
Full textAbstract:
Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative semigroup endowed with a binary associative operation [Formula: see text]. An element [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is said to be idempotent if [Formula: see text]. The Erdős–Burgess constant of [Formula: see text] is defined as the smallest [Formula: see text] such that any sequence [Formula: see text] of terms from [Formula: see text] and of length [Formula: see text] contains a nonempty subsequence, the sum of whose terms is idempotent. Let [Formula: see text] be a prime power, and let [Formula: see text] be the polynomial ring over the finite field [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a quotient ring of [Formula: see text] modulo any ideal [Formula: see text]. We gave a sharp lower bound of the Erdős–Burgess constant of the multiplicative semigroup of the ring [Formula: see text], in particular, we determined the Erdős–Burgess constant in the case when [Formula: see text] is the power of a prime ideal or a product of pairwise distinct prime ideals in [Formula: see text].
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Shen, Chao, Rong Xie, Xiaoyun Cao, Weimin Bao, Bojie Yang, Ying Mao, and Chao Gao. "Intelligence Deficits in Chinese Patients with Brain Tumor: The Impact of Tumor Resection." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/261236.
Full textAbstract:
Background. Intelligence is much important for brain tumor patients after their operation, while the reports about surgical related intelligence deficits are not frequent. It is not only theoretically important but also meaningful for clinical practice.Methods. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale was employed to evaluate the intelligence of 103 patients with intracranial tumor and to compare the intelligence quotient (IQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups.Results. Although preoperative intelligence deficits appeared in all subgroups, IQ, VIQ, and PIQ were not found to have any significant difference between the intracerebral and extracerebral subgroups, but with VIQ lower than PIQ in all the subgroups. An immediate postoperative follow-up demonstrated a decline of IQ and PIQ in the extracerebral subgroup, but an improvement of VIQ in the right intracerebral subgroup. Pituitary adenoma resection exerted no effect on intelligence. In addition, age, years of education, and tumor size were found to play important roles.Conclusions. Brain tumors will impair IQ, VIQ, and PIQ. The extracerebral tumor resection can deteriorate IQ and PIQ. However, right intracerebral tumor resection is beneficial to VIQ, and transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma resection performs no effect on intelligence.
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Eon, Jean-Guillaume. "Vertex-connectivity in periodic graphs and underlying nets of crystal structures." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 72, no. 3 (April 21, 2016): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273316003867.
Full textAbstract:
Periodic nets used to describe the combinatorial topology of crystal structures have been required to be 3-connected by some authors. A graph isn-connected when deletion of less thannvertices does not disconnect it.n-Connected graphs area fortiarin-coordinated but the converse is not true. This article presents an analysis of vertex-connectivity in periodic graphs characterized through their labelled quotient graph (LQG) and applied to a definition of underlying nets of crystal structures. It is shown that LQGs ofp-periodic graphs (p≥ 2) that are 1-connected or 2-connected, but not 3-connected, arecontractiblein the sense that they display, respectively, singletons or pairs of vertices separating dangling or linker components with zero net voltage over every cycle. The contraction operation that substitutes vertices and edges, respectively, for dangling components and linkers yields a 3-connected graph with the same periodicity. 1-Periodic graphs can be analysed in the same way through their LQGs but the result may not be 3-connected. It is claimed that long-range topological properties of periodic graphs are respected by contraction so that contracted graphs can represent topological classes of crystal structures, be they rods, layers or three-dimensional frameworks.
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PIN, JEAN-ERIC, and DENIS THÉRIEN. "THE BIDETERMINISTIC CONCATENATION PRODUCT." International Journal of Algebra and Computation 03, no. 04 (December 1993): 535–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218196793000305.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is devoted to the study of the bideterministic concatenation product, a variant of the concatenation product. We give an algebraic characterization of the varieties of languages closed under this product. More precisely, let V be a variety of monoids, [Formula: see text] the corresponding variety of languages and [Formula: see text] the smallest variety containing [Formula: see text] and the bideterministic products of two languages of [Formula: see text]. We give an algebraic description of the variety of monoids [Formula: see text] corresponding to [Formula: see text]. For instance, we compute [Formula: see text] when V is one of the following varieties: the variety of idempotent and commutative monoids, the variety of monoids which are semilattices of groups of a given variety of groups, the variety of ℛ-trivial and idemptotent monoids. In particular, we show that the smallest variety of languages closed under bideterministic product and containing the language {1}, corresponds to the variety of [Formula: see text]-trivial monoids with commuting idempotents. Similar results were known for the other variants of the concatenation product, but the corresponding algebraic operations on varieties of monoids were based on variants of the semidirect product and of the Malcev product. Here the operation [Formula: see text] makes use of a construction which associates to any finite monoid M an expansion [Formula: see text] with the following properties: (1) M is a quotient of [Formula: see text] (2) the morphism [Formula: see text] induces an isomorphism between the submonoids of [Formula: see text] and of M generated by the regular elements and (3) the inverse image under π of an idempotent of M is a 2-nilpotent semigroup.
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Tirosh, Dina, and Anna O. Graeber. "Evoking Cognitive Conflict to Explore Preservice Teachers' Thinking about Division." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 21, no. 2 (March 1990): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.21.2.0098.
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This study investigated conflict teaching as a means of probing the misconception held by many preservice elementary teachers that in a division problem the quotient must be less than the dividend. Individual interviews were held with 21 preservice teachers who were able to correctly compute quotients for division problems with decimal divisors less than one, but who agreed with an explicit statement that the quotient must be less than the dividend and who selected operations to solve word problems that reflected this misconception. The interviews illustrated how preservice teachers' reliance on information about the domain of whole numbers and their instrumental understanding of the division algorithm support their misconception. The authors also noted preservice teachers' lack of access to the measurement interpretation of division and their willingness to change procedural rules to preserve their misconception.
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Pokorski, Janusz, Andrzej Reński, and Hubert Sar. "System for investigation of friction properties of the road surface." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 10, no. 2 (June 25, 2015): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.16.
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Friction properties of the road surface have a great influence on the safety of automobile motion. These properties are characterized by the tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient, which is measured during the routine and acceptance investigations of roads. In the paper, the method of measurement of this coefficient is presented. For investigation of the tyre-to-road adhesion coefficient the special measurement system was developed. The main part of the system is dynamometer trailer, which makes it possible to measure the friction force between tyre and road surface. The adhesion coefficient as a quotient of the friction force and vertical load is a result of measurements. Additionally the system enables to determine the graph of the adhesion coefficient as a function of wheel slip ratio. In the paper a description of the measurement system and a principle of its operation are presented. Exemplary results of tyre-to-road adhesion coefficients measured on different roads are also presented. The results show many differences between these coefficients in dependence of road upper layer technology, degree of its wear, weather conditions, sliding velocity and others. The system originally designed for investigation of friction parameters of road surfaces can have much wider applications, for example in tyre investigations, for automotive experts, in the work of judgment witnesses and others.
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Jiang, Hongyang, Zhe Yu, Liping Chen, Tao Wang, Zhuo Liu, Jihong Liu, Shaogang Wang, and Zhangqun Ye. "Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy versus Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery for Upper Urinary Stones: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2035851.
Full textAbstract:
Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) are both alternatives for PCNL to treat renal calculi. This study is aimed at comparing the stone-free rate (SFR) and other surgery parameters of two approaches for treating upper urinary calculi. We performed this meta-analysis in September 2016 by searching studies about mini-PCNL and RIRS for treating upper urinary calculi in various databases, and RevMan v.5.3 was applied. Three randomized controlled trials and ten nonrandomized trials were included, involving a total of 1317 patients. Meta-analysis showed that mini-PCNL group led to a higher SFR [odds ratio: 1.96; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–2.64; P<0.00001] but brought a larger postoperative decrease in hemoglobin levels compared with RIRS. RIRS provided a shorter hospital time. There was no significant difference in operation time. Higher postoperative complications were detected in the mini-PCNL, but the difference was not significant. Grade I and III complications did not vary between two procedures, but grade II complications were of lower incidence in RIRS group. In the light of these results, compared with RIRS, mini-PCNL provided significantly higher SFR and efficiency quotient for managing calculi; however, it resulted in higher incidence of postoperative complications, larger hemoglobin drops, and longer hospital stay.