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1
Najjar, Sumaya Ali. "Metaphors in translation : an investigation of a sample of Quran metaphors with reference to three English versions of the Quran." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6184/.
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This study aims to investigate the challenges of translating metaphors of the Quran. It examines English speakers' understanding of a number of Quran metaphors which are selected from three well known English versions of the Quran translations. In addition, the study highlights the root causes which may be deemed to be a source of misunderstanding Quran metaphors. The study also aims to find out to what extant metaphors of the Quran can maintain their sense in today's context. Translation in today's globalised world is gaining relevance as a means to enhance communication among multicultural nations. Translation studies have contributed significantly in bridging the linguistic and the cultural gap among languages. However, the key literature of this study suggests that, translating metaphors and translating metaphors of the Quran in particular have been under researched as they are very often overlooked in translation studies. The conclusion that can be drawn from the predominant literature related to translation studies is that the on-going debates over the faithful, loyal approaches of translating vs. the free and dynamic methods have generated in parts insightful explanations and interesting and useful, but they have fallen short of providing a general consensus. This study takes the view that there is no master plan for translating and that a word for word approach often leads to stilted translation particularly when dealing with metaphors. Given the nature of the topic under consideration, this study combines both qualitative and quantitative methods. The advantage of the use of both methods for collecting data is highly considered and recommended. Utilization of this combination enhances the trustworthiness of findings as well as reduces limitations. The qualitative method in this study represents scholars' interpretations and views and a questionnaire as a data collection instrument is adopted to enhance the result of this study. The findings suggest that the three selected English versions of the Quran have fallen short of conveying the meaning of Quran metaphors. The findings also indicate that the meaning is often mistranslated or misleading or misunderstood by English readers.
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Al, Jarba Mohammed A. H. "Commercial arbitration in Islamic jurisprudence : a study of its role in the Saudi Arabia context." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/d8d3926d-724f-442c-89bc-4a576605aee8.
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This thesis is an extensive analysis of commercial arbitration within Islamic Jurisprudence, clarifying its rules starting with the fundamentals of its origins which are based on the Quran, Sunna, Consensus and Analogy. The opinions of scholars from various schools of Islamic Jurisprudence are discussed so that the most appropriate ones can be used in support of the thesis in relation to the current epoch. These opinions will be linked to modem arbitration legislation, both international and local, in an attempt to discover the similarities and differences between them and the extent to which international and local legislation is related to the acceptance of arbitration from the perspective of Islamic Jurisprudence. The thesis will also analyse the legal aspects of the 1983 Saudi Arbitration Law and its 1985 Implementation Rules so as to discover the extent of the role of Islamic Commercial Arbitration in the Saudi Arabian context. It will also show the need for further ratification in this sphere in order to develop the Saudi Arbitration Law so as to encourage more foreign investment and achieve more efficiency and harmony within international commercial arbitration. Chapter one will deal with the definition of arbitration and its legality within Islamic Jurisprudence. Chapter two will discuss the pillars of the arbitration contract and endeavour to answer the question of women's role in arbitration and also to what extent non-Muslims can be arbitrators in various situations. Chapter three will focus on Islamic arbitration proceedings. Chapter four will deal with arbitral awards, their definitions, interpretations, components and corrections. It will also clarify some misunderstood points and concepts about Islamic Jurisprudence. Chapter five will explain the system of challenging arbitral awards and the extent to which they can be examined within Islamic Jurisprudence. It will also focus on challenges in Saudi Arbitration Law. Chapter six will explain the recognition and enforcement of national and foreign arbitral awards as they pertain to Islamic Jurisprudence and Saudi Arbitration Law. Suggestions resulting from this analysis will be outlined in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Völker, Katharina [Verfasser]. "Quran and Reform : Rahman, Arkoun, Abu Zayd / Katharina Völker." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/112342098X/34.
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Alasfour, Alaa Mohammed. "Translating Women in the Quran: A Corpus-Based Analysis." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1619165912215171.
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Hassen, Rim. "English translations of the Quran by women : different or derived?" Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55511/.
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The study of gender as an analytical tool in Translation Studies has highlighted women's position as translators and creators of meaning and has opened the way for questioning established realities, "truths" and norms created by the dominant male voice. The aim of this research is to study four English translations of the Quran by women: The Quran, Arabic text with Corresponding English Meaning (1995) by Umm Muhammad, The Light of Dawn (1999) by Camille Adams Helminski, The Holy Quran: Translation with Commentary (2006) by Taheereh Saffarzadeh and The Sublime Quran (2007) by Laleh Bakhtiar, in order to determing whether these women translators are challenging or reproducing patriarchal gender hierarchies through their renditions of the Sacred Text of Islam. An important second thread is to investigate the assumption that a translator's feminine gender automatically results or leads in/to a woman-centred or feminist reading of the source text. Considering that scholars working on gender and translation have focused on various elements of the translation process, in this study, my research questions revolve around four main areas, namely (1) the role of paratexts, (2) the extent of interventions in the Sacred Text (3) linguistic choices, and finally (4) interpretation of gender-related terms. In order to address these questions, I will adopt a critical and comparative analysis between the four individual English translations of the Quran by women, the original Arabic text, and, occasionally, other English versions translated by men. The main findings reveal that there is a deep divide between translations produced by women translators living in Muslim majority countries and those living in the United States. Finally, this research suggests that the study of women's role as translators of religious texts in different cultural, social and religious settings could help produce a more nuanced and critical view of the impact of the translator's gender on his/her work.
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Oudeh, Nabil Omar. "The concept of Jihad in the Quran a systematic study /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1991. http://www.tren.com.
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Macharia, Fred Maina [Verfasser]. "Tracing Jesus in the Bible and the Quran / Fred Maina Macharia." Munich : GRIN Verlag, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1082041025/34.
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Sjödin, Louise. "Nytolkning av sura 4:34 : En undersökning om receptionen av Laleh Balhtiars The Sublime Quran." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för genus, kultur och historia, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3580.
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This study looks at Laleh Bakhtiar´s ambitions when it comes to The Sublime Quran, her English translation of the Quran. It also contains a look at how it was received in English and American media, and how Bakhtiar and her like-minded defend her interpretation and translation against critics, focusing on verse 4:34.
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Alqahtani, O. A. M. "Investigating the translation of euphemism in the Quran from Arabic into English." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7995/.
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This study investigated the accuracy and quality across five different translations of the Quran from Arabic into English, focusing on euphemism. It evaluated the degree of faithfulness or deviation in meaning from the original and corroborated whether this is due to the translating approach or inadequate understanding of the meaning of Quranic text. It assessed the main features of euphemistic expressions in the Quran, how euphemistic expressions have been translated, and provided recommendations on how to improve the translation of euphemistic expressions in the Quran. Throughout its long history, translation and translation studies have never been free from conflicting views. Translation is one of the most researched topics and no other issue has preoccupied theorists and practitioners as much as the translation debate which has brought about a split of views, specifically into those who claim that translation is an art and those who believe that translation is a science. Each camp puts forward unrealistic expectations of what translation is and what it can achieve. Despite the boom in translation studies over the last decades which has provided interesting and fresh insights, it remains an area which has little theoretical base and very few research landmarks. Translation has rarely managed to rise above mere comparative analysis of language pairs, examining their cross linguistic and cultural differences. Translation approaches, procedures and techniques are not one size fits all. They may work well for Indo-European languages but may not for Semitic languages, for instance. They are often prescriptive, abstract and lack practical implications. Highly expressive and colourful components of any language are often deliberately substituted by euphemistic expressions. Euphemism is thus a purposeful act of softening existing terms or expressions with neutral, courteous and ‘clean’ words. Euphemism is said to be a form of deception. This study examined the translation of euphemism in the Quran focusing on the English versions of the Quran by Abdel Haleem, Khan and Al-Hilali, Yusuf Ali, Arberry, and Pickthall. It was found that translators often underestimate the complexity of translation, particularly the translation of euphemism in the Quran Based on the nature of the problem and the research questions, the method adopted in this study used a qualitative approach starting with text based analysis of a broad sample of euphemistic expressions from the five selected versions of translations of the Quran. This was supported by semi-structured interviews with professional translators to gauge their views and perceptions regarding the meanings of euphemism in the Quran. The key findings suggest that there is no single method which will address all of the challenges faced by the translators of euphemisms of the Quran. Moreover, many Islamic concepts and cultural bound items are untranslatable, thus loss of some meaning is inevitable. Findings revealed that straightforward and mechanical transfer of euphemisms from the Quran produces meaningless or clumsy utterances because there is no direct correspondence between Arabic and English euphemistic expressions. Therefore, translating euphemism in the Quran goes beyond mere linguistic transfer. This study has several practical implications. Firstly, it will benefit translators of the Quran by providing fresh insights into dealing with some of the challenges of translating euphemism from the Quran. Secondly, it will provide a platform for further research on translating euphemism as it has expanded the existing literature on translating euphemistic expressions from the Quran to benefit future researchers.
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Wahyu, Awaludin. "The role of the holy book of al quran in protecting environment." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/9958.
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Barton, Mukti. "Scripture as empowerment for liberation and justice : the experience of Christian and Muslim women in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389125.
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Al-Tarawneh, Alalddin T. "Towards a new methodology for translating the Quran into English : a hybrid model." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.705637.
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The belief that the Quran is the literal word of God (Allah) in Arabic is fundamental to every Muslim. It is also a frightening notion that haunts many Quran translators. It often drives them to translate the Quran literally, in a way, thinking that this is the best way to maintain faithfulness to the sacred text, despite the fact that they are aware that the translation itself is not sacred. As a result, many of the Quran translations are stained by this excessive literalness to a degree that they are quoted and effectively used against Islam and Muslims. Consequently, this research project is concerned with developing a new methodology for undertaking Quran translation that brings together a variety of techniques to represent the Quran in a way that may be considered more communicative and favourably received by the target readers. First, two factors are introduced to guide the process of translation: the need to set a target - skopos - that shapes the output of the overall process, and the need to consult existing Quran exegesis for interpretation so as to limit, as far as possible, individual translator influence. The methodology used to translate the Quran is presented in a hybrid model whose ultimate aim is to convey the meaning of the source text (ST) as it is generated within its context - that is, not in terms of its surface semantics - and to provide a target text (TT) that serves native speakers of English, regardless of their faith backgrounds. 1 chose one chapter of the Quran - “Mary” - as a sample translation. A reception study that supplied positive feedback from the intended audience of this research confirmed the validity and reliability of the model. The research has also confirmed that the translation is more informative than the original text to its proposed target readership. The research is indeed prescriptive in that it seeks to propose a translation through a systematic and organised treatment of the very special text that is the original. The ultimate concern is that the language of the translated text be domesticated according to target language norms, at the same time leaving intact the distinct foreign elements located in the ST because their distinctiveness is crucial to its identity.
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Elias, Amira. "The comparative textual study of the "Abraham story" in the Bible and the Quran." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ47787.pdf.
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Hj, Ab Rahman Asyraf. "The concept of social justice as found in Sayyid QutbÂ’s Fi zilal al-Quran." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490065.
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Saleh, Elimam Ahmed Abdelmoneim. "Clause-level foregrounding in the translation of the Quran into English : Patterns and motivations." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.500506.
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This study examines word order variation in the Qurän, the Holy Book of Islam, and ten of its translations into English, produced between 1920 and 2004. Word order in Arabic is flexible and is used as a linguistic resource for realising several discursive functions. Arabic literature on baläghah (Arabic art of eloquence) details a number of such functions, which can be realised by foregrounding an element (e. g. predicate, object, adjunct, adverbial) to or towards clause-initial position. The Arabic data consists of äyahs identified in tafslrs (commentaries on the Qurän), specifically those identified by al-Baydäwi, a renowned commentator, as examples of foregrounding in the Qurän. Al-Baydäwi and other commentators also identify the functions realised by each instance of foregrounding. A corpus of (68) äyahs, some of which feature 2 instances of foregrounding, thus constitutes the Arabic corpus. According to the commentators consulted in this study, the Qurän uses foregrounding to fulfil the functions of specification, restriction, emphasis, glorification/amplifrcation and denial. The literature also identifies a number of äyahs which fulfil more than one of these functions simultaneously. Ten English translations of the Qurän constitute the English corpus used in this study. These are carried out by individual or team translators with different ideological orientations (sunni, shi`i, sufi, Qadryänl, orientalist) and demonstrate different levels of competence in the source and target languages (some are native speakers of Arabic, some are native speakers of English, some are not native speakers of either language, while the team translators consist of a native speaker of each language). Strategies used across the ten translations to render the relevant instances of foregrounding are identified and repeated patterns of choice described. The translators featured in the corpus generally remain close to the. word order of the äyahs, often opting for non-canonical word order in English. Some have a preference for cleft structures, which allow them to foreground different elements of the clause. Translators also use lexical strategies (especially the addition of restrictive items such as alone and only) as well as punctuation devices (such as rendering a clause as an independent sentence/question or placing a punctuation mark such as a dash before an element or elements in a clause) in order to reproduce, make up for or strengthen the force of the foregrounding in the source text. The study then selects a sub-corpus of three translations for closer examination of the cumulative effect of the translators' preferred choices on their respective style. The selected translations are examined to identify how frequently individual translators (or a team of translators) use each strategy to render the foregrounding featured in the äyahs which constitute the Arabic corpus. Translators' choices are then explained against a backdrop of their stated aims (where these are made clear in a translator's introduction or preface), available reviews of the translations and interviews with the translators, as well as documented information about their background and the context in which they produced their respective translations.
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Alkroud, Eman. "Renarrating the Berbers in three Amazigh translations of the Holy Quran : paratextual and framing strategies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/renarrating-the-berbers-in-three-amazigh-translations-of-the-holy-quran-paratextual-and-framing-strategies(5f711541-691d-4530-ad2c-31b4c93a3dac).html.
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In the aftermath of the independence of Morocco and Algeria in the second half of the twentieth century, each sought to create one homogeneous nation-state, defining themselves as Arab, declaring Arabic language as the only official language and embarking on Arabisation campaign that attempted to eliminate any ethnic, cultural and linguistic diversity. The Berber community which comprised 40% of the Moroccan population (Madani 2003, Silverstein and Crawford 2004, Maddy-Weitzman 2006) and 25% of the Algerian population (Ennaji 2009) appeared to be relegated to an inferior position and pushed back to the peripheries. This situation gave rise to what is generally referred to as âthe Berber questionâ; the Berbers became increasingly aware of their minority status and began to demand certain linguistic and cultural rights. Translation, most importantly the translation of the Holy Quran, became an important means of asserting these rights and the identity of the Berber as a distinct nation. Drawing on paratext theory as proposed by Genette (1997) and framing theory as put forward by Goffman (1974) and elaborated by others (e.g. Entman 1993, Snow and Benford 1988, 2000 and Asimakoulas 2009), the study investigated the role that three Berber translations of the Holy Quran have played in renegotiating the political landscape of Berber communities in the past eighteen years (1999-2017). Analysis of the three translations have shown that the translators, while being faithful to the text, managed to signal their difference, foreground their language and culture and question, challenge and even undermine widespread official claims, through subtle, counter-hegemonic moves, using framing strategies and a toolbox of paratextual devices.
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Wester, Emelie. "Between Allah and me : God is the judge." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-322742.
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The purpose of this research was to look into the issues one might encounter as a gay and lesbian Muslim with especial focus on the individual experience. I was interested in analyzing the dynamics of one's sexual identity interconnecting with one's religious identity with the assistance of identity theory, personality and culture concepts. I interviewed three different individuals who are all practicing Muslims and live openly as gay in their community, and gathered secondary resources to gain insights from gay, lesbian and transgender Muslims from other communities. The research disclosed individuals’ perceptions on the legitimacy of homosexuality in Islam and their lived experiences regarding their sexuality and the role their culture has played.Presentationen skedde genom Skype där lärarna satt i Uppsala och jag själv vid datorn hemma, boende i Paris, Frankrike.
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Sellin, Maxime. "Le Coran de Bellús : étude introductive et édition des notes interlinéaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NANU2014.
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Le Coran de Bellús (Munich, BSB, cod.arab 7) est un manuscrit coranique copié en 1518 par des Mudéjars de la région de Valence, aujourd’hui conservé à la Bibliothèque de l’État de Bavière à Munich. Il est particulièrement notable pour ses annotations interlinéaires et marginales, rédigées par des évangélistes cherchant à convaincre les musulmans d’Aragon de se convertir au christianisme. Après avoir été en possession du cardinal Gilles de Viterbe, ce document a été transmis à son élève Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter. À une époque où la guerre entre les empires Habsbourg et Ottoman battait son plein, ce manuscrit témoigne à la fois de l’importance du Coran pour les derniers musulmans d’Espagne et de l’intérêt que les évangélistes aragonais et les humanistes du XVIe siècle portaient à l’étude du texte coranique. Ce manuscrit constitue l’un des derniers exemplaires du Coran en arabe, daté et localisé près de Valence. L’étude codicologique révèle la méthode employée par les copistes pour retranscrire le texte sacré de l’islam, offrant un aperçu de la tradition coranique des Mudéjars. En le comparant à d’autres textes obtenus par Gilles de Viterbe et Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter, nous pouvons reconstituer le parcours de ce manuscrit, depuis le Royaume d’Aragon jusqu’aux États pontificaux, et finalement de Rome à Munich. L’analyse des annotations marginales et interlinéaires permet de mieux comprendre la rhétorique évangélique utilisée par les annotateurs ainsi que leur travail approfondi sur la langue arabe. Ce Coran, tout comme d’autres manuscrits coraniques, était un document prestigieux, jouant un rôle clé dans les dynamiques d’influence entre catholiques et protestants à la veille de la Réforme catholiqueThe Bellús Quran (Munich, BSB, cod.arab 7) is a Quranic manuscript copied in 1518 by Mudejars from the region of Valencia, currently preserved at the Bavarian State Library in Munich. It is particularly notable for its interlinear and marginal annotations, written by evangelists attempting to persuade the Muslims of Aragon to convert to Christianity. After being in the possession of Cardinal Egidio of Viterbo, this document was later passed on to his pupil Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter. At a time when the war between the Habsburg and Ottoman Empires was at its height, this manuscript reflects both the importance of the Quran for the last Muslims of Spain and the interest that Aragonese evangelists and 16th-century humanists had in the study of the Quranic text. This manuscript is one of the last dated and localized copies of the Quran in Arabic from near Valencia. The codicological study reveals the method used by the scribes to transcribe the sacred Islamic text, providing insight into the Quranic tradition of the Mudejars. By comparing it to other texts acquired by Giles of Viterbo and Johann Albrecht Widmanstetter, we can trace the manuscript's journey from the Kingdom of Aragon to the Papal States, and ultimately from Rome to Munich. The analysis of the marginal and interlinear annotations offers a deeper understanding of the evangelical rhetoric employed by the annotators, as well as their in-depth work on the Arabic language. This Quran, like other Quranic manuscripts, was a prestigious document, playing a key role in the dynamics of influence between Catholics and Protestants on the eve of the Catholic Reformation
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Herrag, EL Hassane. "The ideological factor in the translation of sensitive issues from the Quran into English, Spanish and Catalan." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/123359.
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Los objetivos de esta tesis doctoral se basan en investigar cómo se
traducen algunos temas coránicos al inglés, al castellano y al catalán con énfasis sobre
la intervención del factor ideológico en dicha traducción teniendo en cuenta la
influencia de la ideología de cada traductor sobre el texto original en su versión meta.
Asimismo los objetivos planteados nos llevan a establecer cuatro hipótesis que se
demuestran a través de un marco teórico relacionado con las contribuciones de varios
teóricos en el campo de traductología sobre todo las teorías del descriptivismo en
relación con traducción y ideología tal como la escuela de la manipulación que permite
comprender cómo un texto se manipula cuando se traduce a otro lengua y cúales son
los factores que intervienen en su manipulación. En cuanto a la parte práctica de la
tesis, se escogen ejemplos divididos según el tema coránico que les corresponde y se
analizan basándose en el modelo descriptivo y comparativo que permite estudiar estos
ejemplos tal como parecen en sus versiones meta y no cómo deben ser traducidos sino
el estudio llevado a cabo será prescriptivo en vez de descriptivo. Por consiguiente, se
observa que los ejemplos estudiados y analizados se han afectado negativamente en
varias ocasiones y han cambiado el significado de versículos coránicos mediante el
empleo de diferentes técnicas de traduccione sobre todo la traducción literal, la
omisión, la amplificación explicativa, etc. Por otro lado se concluye que los traductores
musulmanes han prestado más atención a la traducción de sentidos para evitar
manipulaciones y distorsiones de los mensajes verdaderos. Además, se entiende que el
factor ideológico se nota no solamente en el empleo de técnicas de traducción sino
también en la influencia religiosa de cada traductor, su intención de tras de su
traducción y las referencias académicas y exegéticas empleadas por cada traductor. En
ese sentido se observa que los traductores musulmanes se basan únicamente en
referencias del Islam Sunita ya que están subvencionados por un país Sunita que es
Arabia Saudita. En contrario, los traductores no-musulmanes diversifican sus
referencias cuando reflejan opiniones de diferentes doctrinas islámicas y de orient los
alistas.The purposes of this thesis are principally about investigating how some Quranic issues are translated into English, Spanish and Catalan with focus on the intervention of the ideological factor in this translation taking into account the influence of the ideology of each of the selected translators on the original text in its taget version. Additionally, the planned purposes help to establish four hypotheses which are confirmed through a theoretical approach related to the contributions of some eminent scholars in the field of translation studies, especially the theories that are about descriptivism and ideolgy as in the case of the manipulation school whcih permits to understand how a source text is manipulated in its target version and also how other factors interven in its manipulation. As for the practicle part of this thesis, there are examples that are divided into issues that touch upon different Quranic topics and they are studied on the basis of the descriptive and the comparative model which allows to analyse them as they are in their taget versions and not as they must be otherwise the study becomes prescriptive instead of descriptive. Consequently, it is observed that these examples are affected negatively and they change the original meaning of Quranic verses and messages through the use of translation procedures, notably omission, literal translation and amplification. On the other side, it is concluded that Muslim translators pay more attention to the translation of meanings so as to make their translation meaning-oriented and to avoid manipulation and distortion. Morover, it is understood that the ideological factor is not only noticed in the use of translation procedures, but also in the religious influence of each translator and his intention beyond his translation as well as the academic and the exegetical references employed in each translation. In this respect it is observed that Muslim translators exclusively rely on Quranic exegesis of Suni scholars as they are sponsored by Saudi Arabia. On the contrary, non-Muslim translators diversify their references by relying on Suni and Shii exegesis in additon to the opinions of Orientalists and all that is reflected in their translations.
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El-Magazy, Rowaa. "An analytical study of translating the Quran : comparative analysis of nine English translations of Surah al-Anam." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.416202.
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Al, Ghamdi Saleh A. S. "Critical and comparative evaluation of the English translations of the near-synonymous Divine Names in the Quran." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9592/.
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Despite the fact that many problematic areas in the English translations of the Qurān have been thoroughly investigated, no substantial work has so far been devoted to critically evaluating the translation of the Divine Names, which pose paramount challenges for all translators. Critical and evaluative studies of Qurān translations seem to avoid investigating and assessing the Divine Names, which are the most sensitive and delicate Qurānic terms. This study critically and comparatively investigates how accurate and consistent are the English renderings of these Divine Names; al-Asmā al-Ḥusnā, The Most Beautiful Names (MBNs) which are recurring terms in the Qurānic text. The complexity of meanings and morphological features of these Divine Names is evidently reflected in so many cases of inaccuracy as well as inconsistency in their English translations, particularly in the renderings of the near-synonymous root-sharing Names. Translators of the Qurān have unjustifiably used different corresponding terms for the very same Divine Name when it appears on more than one occasion, and sometimes in similar Qurānic contexts. Most Qurān translators have also inaccurately used the very same English corresponding terms to translate two, if not three, near-synonymous Divine Names, whether they share the same linguistic root or otherwise. For the purpose of this evaluative study, hundreds of occurrences of the root-sharing Divine Names in five well-known English translations, namely Pickthall (1930), A.Y. Ali (1936/1986), Arberry (1955), Hilali-Khan (1985) and Abdel-Haleem (2004), have been collected, analysed and critically and comparatively evaluated. The comparative evaluation of the English renderings of the Divine Names has revealed that all the five translations not only fall short in their attempts to distinguish between the near-synonymous Names, particularly the root-sharing ones, but prove unsuccessful in rendering them accurately and consistently. The study has also revealed that the translation of Arberry shows much better quality, in terms of accuracy and consistency, in rendering the root-sharing Divine Names than other translations do. In addition to critically revealing shortcomings, inaccuracies and inconsistencies of the renderings of the Divine Names, the study suggests the use of translation technology solutions (or computer-assisted tools), such as translation memory and bilingual concordances, to improve the quality and consistency of future Qurān translations in general, and the renderings of the recurring Divine Names in particular.
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Bergh, Ylva. "Gymnasieelever med bakgrund i koranskolan : Ett engelsklärarperspektiv." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120042.
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Figures show that Sweden received 40 000 refugees in the autumn of 2015, who all were in the age range to attend junior high, and high school. The majority of these students originated from countries where Islam is the main religion. Hence, some of these students are likely to have their educational background in a qur’anic school. The purpose of this study is therefore to provide information about these students’ educational background. The study has been conducted with a special focus on how the Swedish school system differs in comparison to the qur’anic school system. An additional research aim was to investigate what some English teachers knew about these students’ educational backgrounds. In addition to these aims, the study also focused on whether the teachers tend to adapt their lessons in order to benefit these students. The research method that has been applied in order to answer these questions are qualitative interviews conducted with four teachers of English. The results of this study indicate that the qur’anic school is vastly different from the Swedish school system. Furthermore, the teachers that participated in this study did share some knowledge about the qur’anic school system, even though it was somewhat limited among two of the interviewees. The same varying results were shown regarding the teachers’ wills to adapt their lessons, on behalf of these students. Moreover, two out of four teachers in this study lack basic knowledge about the qur’anic school.
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Eweida, Sara. "The realization of time metaphors and the cultural implications : An analysis of the Quran and English Quranic translations." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6853.
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The aims of this paper were to contrast English usages of 'time' metaphors with Quranic Arabic realizations and their representations in three English Quranic translations. Three noted translations of the Quran were used, namely, those done by, Pickthall, Yusuf Ali and Asad ('Quran Search,' 2007). Using the cognitive theory of metaphor as a framework (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980), these translations were examined and contrasted, in order to distinguish the version that corresponded the most accurately with the conceptual metaphors found in both languages. If the examined conceptual metaphor was not realized in either language, changes to the meaning of the Quran were taken into consideration. Finally, historical, social and religious aspects were examined in order to determine the cause of certain conceptual metaphor realizations in both or one of the languages.
Materials taken from Lakoff & Johnson (1980b), Lakoff (1994), Kövecses (2002), and Kövecses (2006) gave insight into the social-historical reasons behind the metaphor realizations in English while Quranic references and hadiths, or Prophetic narrations, were considered when examining the Quran.
Two conceptual metaphors were tentatively concluded to be universal and two other metaphors were realized differently on the basis of differing cultural values. Culture in this context referred to the 'mental representations' of certain phenomena of a culture through the language (Kövecses, 2006, p.135).
The translations done by Yusuf Ali and Pickthall were considered to be more literal and thus more accurate renderings of metaphors in the Quran, within the cognitive theory of metaphor framework, while Asad's translations were considered to be less accurate, containing, on the whole, more paraphrasing and individual interpretation. It was pointed out, however, that this is a sample study that cannot entirely represent the complete works of the authors mentioned. It was suggested that more studies need to be conducted in order to conclusively establish these findings.
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Ibrahim, Omneya Nabil Muhammad. "Divine love in the Moroccan Sufi tradition : Ibn ‘Ajība (d. 1224/1809) and his oceanic exegesis of the Qur’ān." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33784.
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Aḥmad Ibn ‘Ajība (d. 1224/1809) is one of the prominent Sufi mystics who lived in Morocco during the 13th/ 17th century. His importance in Sufi scholarship is a reflection of the fact that he is one of the original Sufi scholars who contributed immensely to elucidating ambiguous Sufi concepts that were, by their very nature, enigmatic and only accessible through Sufi adepts. He also stood out as an intellectual theoretician in the science of Qur’ānic esoteric hermeneutics because he was one of the few scholars who managed to convey theoretical concepts and esoteric theories of Qur’ānic interpretation in a language that could be accessed by those with an average level of intellect. One of these theories is the concept of divine love. In this thesis, I propose to address the concept of divine love in Aḥmad Ibn ‘Ajība’s famous exegesis of the Qurān al-Baḥr al-madīd fī tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-majīd (Oceanic Exegesis of the Qurān). Over the course of this thesis, I endeavor to show how Ibn ‘Ajība combined what has been extensively written on the subject of divine love by different Sufi saints and mystics with the mystical exegesis of the Qur’ān. Ibn ‘Ajība is one of the early Sufis who connected theoretical works on the concept of divine love and practically applied them to the Qur’ān’s verses on love. This unique combination was an important breakthrough in the Sufi literature which other Sufi scholars then built upon in offering an exegesis of the Qur’ān - Shaykh Aḥmad Ibn Muṣṭafā al-‘Alawī (d.1934) was particularly important in this respect. Explaining the concept of divine love through his mystical interpretation of the love verses in the Qur’ān ultimately aspire to connect the purpose of creation (which was due to the Creator’s love for His creation), to the turning point (the return of the creation to the Creator). This symphony of love that is an essential component of the story of creation is well-defined, clearly stated and deeply analyzed in Ibn ‘Ajība’s work. He also met the challenge of overcoming the elliptical mystical language of exposition that was used by earlier Sufis; accordingly, he successfully simplified the ambiguous style of writing and decoded their enigmatic mystical doctrines. I hope that an analysis of Ibn ‘Ajība’s concept of divine love will stimulate the appetite of academic researchers to investigate the scholarly works of this luminary, and thus highlight his significance in the wider Sufi tradition. Ibn ‘Ajība's works have in general not received sufficient attention and deserve deeper and more sustained analysis.
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Al-Jabari, A. R. Y. "Reasons for the possible incomprehensibility of some verses of three translations of the meaning of the Holy Quran into English." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14918/.
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Translations of the meaning of the Quran in English are becoming amongst the most read books in the world. Unfortunately, almost all the existing renditions fail to transfer the original clearly into the target language. They suffer from serious shortcomings that cause incomprehensibility in parts of the text. These renditions contain some elements that make the target reader struggle to understand the meaning. This research aims to contribute to overcoming the shortcomings of existing translations. It discusses the reasons why the English target reader of the Quran struggles to follow and comprehend the meaning of some of its verses, and attempts to find a workable methodology for translating the meaning of the Quran. It tries to find new methods to help tackle the weaknesses in the translations of the meaning of the Quran and provides suggestions for improving them. It is hoped this methodology will lead to producing a more accurate and comprehensible translation of the meaning of the Quran in which the meaning is transferred clearly in a natural-sounding targetlanguage text, and that will improve comprehensibility for both Muslim and non- Muslim native speakers of English. This research also studies the role and importance of the translator in achieving a good translation, and tries to establish a set of criteria for the attributes and conditions of the translator of the Quran.
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Muhamad, Fuad bin Abdullah Muhamad Fuad bin. "The influence of Islam upon classical Arabic scientific writings : an examination of the extent of their reference to Quran, Hadith and related texts." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=124305.
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Science and Islam. Interest in this subject by mainly Muslim contemporary writers, is evident from the amount of literature seeking to link scientific phenomena to Islam. While the trend to relate scientific facts to Quran, Hadith and related Islamic texts is confirmed by the amount of literature cited, whether or not there has been such an approach by scientists in the history of Muslim civilisation is the question this thesis seeks to answer. Historical contribution to science by scientists within the domain of Muslim civilisation is well recognised. Although the vital role played by Muslim civilisation in the transmission of ancient science, especially that of the Greek, to mediaeval Europe is generally acknowledged, the exact role of Islam as a religion in this scientific development is not clear. This thesis explores an aspect of the history of Muslim civilisation which may contribute to elucidate the role of Islam in Muslim science.
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Salim, Huda Yaseen Ali. "Collocation and other lexical relationships in translations of the Quran : a corpus based application of lexical priming theory to a unique theological text." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.632426.
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Khan, Omar Mahomed. "An investigation into the establishment of an Islamic banking enterprise in the Tshwane and surrounding areas / Omar Mahomed Khan." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10167.
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Muslims in South Africa live within the framework of a Western economy in which the notion of interest plays a pivotal role. This system does not seem to comply with the strict interpretation of Islamic law, since the Quran prohibits any dealings on the basis of interest and strongly condemns those who continue to deal in interest-based transactions, warning them of a “notice of war from Allah and His Apostle”. Muslims are therefore faced with the dilemma of either participating in the current prevailing economic system and thereby violating the Quranic injunctions prohibiting interest or Riba, or completely withdrawing from participation in this system and conducting their business transactions in accordance with Islamic injunctions. This study is an attempt to examine whether an Islamic banking enterprise within the greater Tshwane area could survive and even flourish in the long term if it were operating within the parameters of Islamic law, thus in the absence of the interest factor. The research methodology employed was that of qualitative research, and the study consists of both a literature and an empirical study. It became evident from the literature review that a bank’s survival within the Western economic order depends on the confidence that its depositors have in it. In an Islamic economic system the ethical and legal components distinguish it from other systems. The most striking feature of the Islamic banking environment is the so-called profit and loss sharing system (PLS). The literature study was complemented by an empirical study. Respondents were interviewed in three categories: Muslim businessmen, Islamic bankers and Islamic religious leaders. An analysis of data from the respondents revealed that they were of the opinion that there was a need for an Islamic bank in order to avoid any interest-based dealings and to operate strictly in accordance with Islamic law and principles. Based on the literature and field study a simple model of an Islamic banking enterprise was constructed which could function within the greater Tshwane area and within the South African economic context, but which would be based on Islamic Shariah principles. In constructing this model due cognisance was taken of the fact that it would prove to be a very difficult task to amend existing banking laws to provide for the easy entry and functioning of an Islamic bank. Based on the literature and empirical study it was concluded that to provide for the easy entry and functioning of an Islamic banking enterprise, it should not be structured or named as a bank but rather as a finance company which would then be able to offer most of the services that are offered by traditional banks but without having to comply with the strict regulations as applicable to traditional banks. The dissertation’s final conclusion and recommendation was thus that an Islamic bank should operate not as a bank but as a finance company, thereby accomplishing its pivotal role to enable Muslims to use these indispensable services successfully while complying wholly with Islamic Shariah law.PhD (Business Management), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013
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Amad, S. "Socio-political and cultural correlates of Sufism in a Jordanian setting, Dar al-Quran al-Karim Sufi Zawiyah, and its two politically active adepts." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273398.
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Medar, Abdul Samad. "Arabic as educational Muslim content in South African context: A pedagogical survey and evaluation with special reference to Secondary Schools." University of the Western Cape, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8201.
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Magister Educationis - MEdThe aim of this study is to investigate ·and outline the importance and significance of Arabic in the South African context. The study investigates inter alia the part played by the early Muslim settlers, political exiles and the pioneers who made possible the preservation of Islamic faith and culture. This study demonstrates that the period from 1652 to date had been a period of considerable development, expansion and _enlightenment of Arabic. The study revealed inter alia that only Indian schools under the Department of Indian Affairs (now Department of Education and Culture) offered Arabic which fully satisfied the Muslim Community's demands. 1975 marks the beginning of Arabic as a language in Indian secondary schools. The Muslim pupil is given the basic grounding in the understanding of both the Quran and the Hadith. Some suggestions regarding aspects of an effective didactic approach concludes this presentation.
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El, Mallah Fuzi. "Arabic-English translational crossover viewed from a linguistic/cultural perspective : with special reference to the major principles involved in translating the metaphorical language of the Quran." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27976.
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This work provides an analytical critique of some selected English translations of the Original Quran. This research tries to demonstrate (1) whether the cultural convergence of English and Arabic, due to globalisation, is leading to any further linguistic intermingling and (2) whether the cultural backgrounds of translators, in terms of their native languages, religion and place of origin/residence have any influence on the quality of their translational works. The first chapter builds up a theoretical base, by reviewing thematically the available literature upon which translational strategies are established. The second chapter discusses the differences between the two cultures concerned and the translation of the main features of culture. This chapter concentrates on cultural factors from an Arabic/English translational perspective, i.e. their impact on the rendition of cultural features such as the ecological, religious, social, political, and material aspects. Chapter three is concerned with the literal linguistic differences. More specifically, literal language will be looked at on a grammatical basis. The fourth chapter will cover the figurative level of linguistic differences, as it is more cultural based. It will view the most important traditional tropes but will concentrate on the figures of speech that are most commonly used in the Quran and those than are stylistically useful and effective. Metaphor will be dealt with separately in chapter five. The analysis of chapter seven will be linguistically based on text patterns by examining and tracing chronologically the figurative language of the Quran through metaphorical discourse and to find out whether cultural convergence through temporal constraints has an effect on the way translators treat the Quran. Chapter eight focuses culturally on the profiles and cultural backgrounds of the translators of the Quran and their intentions in terms of whether they see the Quran as the word of God or whether they deal with it as a literary text.
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Alharbi, Tahani Ateeqallah A. "A socio-pragmatic study of forms of address and terms of reference in Classical Arabic as represented in the Chapter of Joseph in the Holy Quran." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11127/.
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In a sociolinguistic-pragmatic framework, the Classical Arabic terms of address and forms of reference used by the members of the society of the story of the Prophet Joseph as presented in the Holy Quran are analysed. The addressing as well as the referring terms (nominal and pronominal) are, first, extracted from the Quranic text in order to explore their linguistic features with regard to number, case, and gender. They are, then, not interpreted in isolation, but in contexts to be tested against the common sociolinguistic variables (age, gender, setting and status). In addition, the collected data are discussed contextually as well as theoretically in relation to contemporary views, such as Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, Brown and Gilman's (1960) theory of power/solidarity and Brown and Ford's (1961) theory of intimacy/ status. It is found that the choice of these addressing and referring terms by Classical Arabic speakers is determined by the above sociolinguistic factors particularly gender, setting, and status. Also, although Classical Arabic addressing and referring systems do not have the pronominal T and V distinctions suggested by Brown and Gilman's (1960), the theory of power/solidarity is found applicable to many aspects of Classical Arabic addressing and referring behaviours. In addition, the analysis of the data supports the views proposed in Brown and Ford's (1961) theory of intimacy/ status. Positive and negative politeness, as classified by Brown and Levinson (1987), are reported by the present study data in many aspects of addressing and referring behaviours.
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Ali, Shadan. "Den muslimskt feministiska utmaningen : En analys av kvinnors framställning i koranen ur ett muslimskt feministiskt perspektiv." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-42884.
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The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the depiction of women in Quran from an Islamic feminist perspective. The questions that my study is based on are: How is the woman accounted in the Quran according to Islamic feminists? How do Muslim feminists argue and what do they base their reasoning on? My study is based on analyzes of the feminists’ works and statements. The results were analyzed with the help of different theories including Miriam Cookes “multiple critique”, Jan Hjärpes “The Islamic basket”, Jonathan Potters “methodological relativism” and Luckman & Bergers “social construction of reality”. The main result of this study is that it highlights how different Islamic feminists interpret the Quran in relation to the present and how their interpretations have created debates internationally. I also discuss the importance of new interpretations and the globalization for Muslim women.
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Mohamed, Farouq. "Capitalism in moral perspective - an Islamic alternative." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/2605.
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Magister Artium - MAOur time has been called the age of economics; the social philosopher Edmund Burke first used this term to characterize the eighteenth century, which was his own century and also the century of Adam Smith, but this expression has since become even more appropriate. While in the middle ages the beliefs that divide society and set large blocks of people at war with each other were theological in nature, in our time the great ominous divide between peoples is based on differing philosophies of economics (Lux, 1990:1). Economists are now key advisors to governments, presidents, prime ministers, and even autocrats and dictators, in addition to their obvious and expected place in the world of business, banking, and finance. The celebrated twentieth-century economist John Maynard Keynes gives an apt description of the influence of economics in our time: “The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong, are more powerful than is commonly understood.” (Lux, 1990:1). The analysis presented in this study spreads over four chapters followed by a concluding chapter and the bibliography. For the full understanding of the need of this analysis and where it comes from; the methods that are followed; the literature used; the normative framework for evaluating the different systems, a brief survey is presented in the first chapter. The second chapter argues the need for an economic system that functions economically and morally; one that satisfies the criteria set by the widely accepted theory on justice by John Rawls. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages, but especially the moral and practical shortcomings, of the current dominating global system, Capitalism, based on short-term human vision and planning, and a preliminary critical moral assessment thereof, is given in chapter three. The fourth chapter briefly presents the Islamic economic system as a possible alternative, more reliable, economic system, claiming to depend on divine knowledge. The strengths of this system are pitted over against the shortcomings identified in Capitalism and the possible viability of the Islamic system is tested against the criteria of John Rawls’ theory of justice. The concluding fifth chapter summarises the outcomes of the investigation and presents some recommendations for a viable economic philosophy and system for the future.
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Eléhn, Christophe, and Sabina Kraup. "Crazy priest versus terrorist people : Den mediala framställningen av muslimer kring utspelet med pastor Terry Jones plan att bränna Koranen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Akademin för humaniora, utbildning och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-13120.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the medial depiction of Muslims in the case of Pastor Terry Jones' intention to burn the Quran. Our study is based on theoretical framework regarding an alleged clash of civilizations, how that leads to global conflicts and controls the world politics. It’s also based on the western way of characterize Muslims as violent, irrational human beings, and how mass media have a tendency to depict Muslims as “the others”. The questions we aim to seek answers to are: How were Muslims portrayed in CNN's and Al-Jazeera's reporting regarding Terry Jones plan to burn the Quran? Which discourses exist about Muslims in each news channel and what are the main differences between them? The qualitative method used is a critical discourse analysis on empirical data consistently of twelve articles. A profound thematic and schematic analysis of each article is applied in order to make interpretations and relate the result to our theoretical framework. The result of the study shows that Muslims are, to a high level, portrayed as violent or dangerous with a strong connection to terrorism. A slight difference existed in the themes and discourses between each news channel. CNN objectified Muslims, as a whole, as a safety threat to the western community when Al-Jazeera, on the other hand, had the similar portraytion, but with an explanatory approach.
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Larsson, Alfred, and Anton Lindskog. "Yttrandefrihet eller hets mot folkgrupp? : En kvalitativ analys av traditionella kontra alternativa nyhetsmediers gestaltning av koranbränningarna i Malmö 2020." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100171.
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The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to examine how traditional news media vis-à- vis alternative news media in Sweden portrayed the Quran burnings and the riots which followed during august in the summer of 2020. With the basis in framing theory and intermedia agenda setting we examined these research questions: How do the news papers frame the Quran burnings? What discourses are reproduced? How do the traditional news papers and the alternative news papers framing of the Quran burnings differ from each other? The qualitative methods used in this bachelor thesis were Robert Entmans framing theory combined with Rens Vliegenthart & Stefaan Walgraves intermedia agenda setting theory. Also, we used different theories regarding populism, clash of civilizations and freedom of speech in order to find various themes in the reporting. For instance, the study applies Mikhail Bakhtin’s theory of the carnivalesque to examine how the alternative news paper Samnytt framed the Quran burnings. Through examining news articles, we discovered several preexisting frames and some additional ones. The results showed that the traditional news papers framed the Quran burnings in a laconic way as an intolerant act against Muslims, while the alternative news papers framed the Quran burnings as a clash of civilizations and simultaneously as an act of freedom of speech. In relation to the alternative news papers overly dramatic and sensationalistic discourse, the traditional news papers discourse was more moderate. In this way the populist discourse in the alternative news media and their focus on the “man on the street” is an example of how the alternative news media defines itself as an opposition to the hegemonic “elite” news media institutions. In the alternative news papers, we also found one specific frame concerning anti-Semitism in Malmö, which was not given the same amount of attention by the traditional news papers. The result of this study shows differences in framing, in line with previous research regarding alternative news media and populism, that could be an example of how the alternative news media is born and defines itself as an alternative to a narrative they deem wrong or lacking in traditional news media. This is primarily an effect of the fact that the traditional news papers lacked diversity in their interviewees since they mostly relied on authority sources, or in one case their own opinion piece writer, to tell the story. The results of this study highlights processes and effects that lies at the core of several phenomenon in this sphere, therefore it should be used to further the research on framing, alternative news media and populism.En kvalitativ analys av traditionella kontra alternativa nyhetsmediers gestaltning av koranbränningarna i Malmö 2020.
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Bergenfalk, Edvin. "ʾillā i svensk översättning : Undantag och växlande polaritet i Koranen översatt från arabiskan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för mellanösternstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190619.
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This study examines how the word ʾillā is treated in the Swedish Qur’ān translation from 1917 by Karl Vilhelm Zetterstéen. The analysis is based on Swedish and Arabic grammar and translation theory, and considers the fact that this Qur’ān translation is considered to be quite faithful to the source text. The study finds that the textual equivalent of ʾillā varies greatly in the target text, and further that it is not limited to exclusive conjunctions nor exceptives; rather, it often consists of a restrictive adverb in an affirmative clause, when ʾillā in the source text is in a negative clause. This points to a unique problematic of translation where ʾillā is concerned, which warrants further examination in future studies.
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Alva, Vilca Alexa Antoinette, Ochoa Gino Alexander Cano, Silva Angelo Johao Murillo, Alarcón Jeymi Milagritos Pérez, and Sotelo Luz Belén Ramos. "QURA." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656967.
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El presente trabajo de investigación se centra en Qura, el cual consiste en brindar un aplicativo, que contenga el servicio de delivery especializado en boticas y farmacias, teleconsultas con médicos especializados, comparador de precios de diversas boticas y farmacias dentro del radio de la ubicación, recordatorio para la ingesta de medicinas, entre otros. El servicio está dirigido a hombres y mujeres del NSE A, B y C entre las edades de 18 a 50 años que residan en Lima Metropolitana, Lima Centro y Callao y que se encuentren interesadas en hacer uso del servicio.
Los experimentos desarrollados a lo largo del trabajo nos permitieron validar el interés de compra de nuestros posibles consumidores, ya que ellos manifiestan que es un servicio nuevo que les va a ayudar a reducir el tiempo de compra y espera de boticas y farmacias. Ante ello, se pudieron realizar ventas por medio de las redes sociales de Qura, Facebook e instagram, donde se pudo comprobar que el servicio tiene la aceptación del público.
El contenido del trabajo se divide en la descripción del modelo de negocio, la validación de los diversos cuadrantes el Business Model Canvas, la validación de la intención de compra y el plan financiero. Gracias a todo ello, se pudo verificar la viabilidad del proyecto.This research work focuses on Qura, which consists of providing an application that contains a delivery service specialized in drugstores and pharmacies, teleconsultations with specialized doctors, price comparator of various drugstores and pharmacies within the radius of the location, reminder for the intake of medicines, among others. The service is aimed at men and women of NSE A, B and C between the ages of 18 and 50 who reside in Metropolitan Lima, Central Lima and Callao and who are interested in using the service. The experiments carried out throughout the study allowed us to validate the interest of our potential consumers in buying the service, since they stated that it is a new service that will help them reduce the time spent shopping and waiting in drugstores and pharmacies. In view of this, sales could be made through Qura's social networks, Facebook and Instagram, where it was possible to verify that the service is accepted by the public. The content of the work is divided into the description of the business model, the validation of the various quadrants of the Business Model Canvas, the validation of the purchase intention and the financial plan. Thanks to all this, it was possible to verify the feasibility of the project.
Trabajo de investigación
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Zielinski, William J. "Winning the strategic narrative in the Israeli-Palestinian protracted conflict." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/29615.
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The purpose of this thesis is to identify the reasons for Israeli and Palestinian religious objections to peaceful co-existence in a two-state solution to the conflict over the land between the Jordan River and Mediterranean Sea. Developing an understanding of the basic religious requirements and precedents, while consistently considering religious impact in politics, may help to open dialogue between Jewish Gush Emunim and Muslim Palestinian Hamas, strong opponents to land compromise.
Arguments by Gush Emunim and Hamas from the two major religious works, the Jewish Tanakh and the Muslim Qur’an, and associated commentaries, the Jewish Talmud and Muslim Hadith, are compared and evaluated for religious insights into the disputed areas. Contemporary interpretations of each major writing and political objections based on religious argumentation create a strong context for modern conflict. The requirements and precedents for peace that come from religious texts also promote open dialogue. This thesis suggests ways to open dialogue between the Israeli and Palestinian cultures, comparing religious texts, interpretations, and concepts, in an effort to promote peaceful co-existence and build an effective strategic narrative.
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Neuenkirchen, Paul. "La fin du monde dans le Coran : une étude comparative du discours eschatologique coranique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP060.
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L’eschatologie, ou le discours sur la Fin, est sans nul doute la thématique centrale du Coran, allant des descriptions saisissantes des bouleversements cosmiques et terrestres qui auront lieu aux jours derniers, aux scènes du Jugement terrible pour les impies, en passant par les scènes imagées de la Résurrection. Paradoxalement, cet important discours coranique sur la Fin a été très peu abordé par la recherche universitaire, voir même occulté par certains travaux. Pourtant, de l’avis de certains chercheurs tels que Paul Casanova (m. 1926), Tor Andrae (m. 1947) ou plus récemment, Stephen Shoemaker, l’eschatologie constituerait la partie primitive du Coran, une partie qui aurait été altérée par les éditeurs de la version finale du corpus à la mort de Muhammad lorsque la Fin n’était pas venue. L’objet de ma thèse est de remettre ce discours eschatologique au premier plan en le replaçant dans son contexte historique (celui de l’Antiquité Tardive) et littéraire (celui des écrits religieux de tradition « biblique »). Ce faisant je souhaite d’une part amener un regard sur le texte coranique qui ne repose pas entièrement sur les sources traditionnelles musulmanes postérieures qui le lisent à la lumière d’évènements liés à la vie de Muhammad qui sont le plus souvent mythifiés, et d’autre part je cherche à l’inscrire dans la continuité des textes religieux antérieurs qui décrivent la Fin du monde. Depuis longtemps, nombreux sont les chercheurs occidentaux à avoir noté les similitudes entre certains récits bibliques (tirés des livres ‘canoniques’ de l’Ancien et du Nouveau Testaments) et le Coran, remarquant dans le même temps la présence d’écarts considérables entre les deux versions. Ces disparités ont souvent été mises sur le compte d’erreurs de compréhension due à Muhammad ou à son entourage. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, je voudrais suggérer que le texte du Coran n’est pas « influencé » par ces écrits bibliques comme cela a souvent été avancé, mais plutôt qu’à la manière des homélistes chrétiens, ses auteurs ont composé un texte original rimé et rythmé en prenant comme sous-texte un ou plusieurs verset(s) biblique(s). Comme Gabriel Said Reynolds l’a constaté, l’homéliste livre essentiellement son exhortation par le biais du discours eschatologique. Ainsi, je propose de lire les nombreux versets coraniques traitant de la Fin à la lumière d’un petit corpus d’homélies eschatologiques composées un peu plus d’un siècle avant le Coran par Narsaï (m. ca. 502) et Jacques de Saroug (m. 521), deux auteurs chrétiens de langue syriaque. Ce faisant je voudrais apporter un éclairage à la fois sur les techniques rhétoriques communes employées par ces auteurs et ceux du Coran, ainsi que sur de nombreuses zones d’ombre liées au vocabulaire et aux images employées dans le discours eschatologique coraniqueEschatology, or the discourse on the End, is arguably the Qur’an’s predominant thematic, giving vivid descriptions of cosmic and earthly cataclysms that will take place during the last days, depicting the Judgment as a horrific day for the sinners or portraying the final Resurrection in highly evocative terms. Paradoxically, this central qur’anic discourse regarding the End has little been discussed by modern scholars and has even been undervalued or even all together dismissed by a number of studies. Yet, according to scholars such as Paul Casanova (d. 1926), Tor Andrae (d. 1947) or more recently Stephen Shoemaker, eschatology should be regarded as the oldest strata of the Qur’an. This primitive layer would have been altered by the editors of the final version of this corpus after Muhammad’s death, when the End had not come. The object of my dissertation is to bring this eschatological discourse back in the spotlight by studying it in its historical context (i.e. that of Late Antiquity) as well as in its literary context (i.e. that of religious writings from the “Biblical” tradition). By doing so, I wish on the one hand to study the qur’anic text in itself, without its later traditional Muslim interpretations which always read the Qur’an in light of a mythified life of Muhammad. On the other hand I seek to understand the Qur’an in the continuity of previous religious eschatological texts. Many Western scholars have long noticed the similarities between certain biblical narratives (from the ‘canonical’ books of the Old and New Testaments) and the Qur’an, at the same time insisting on discrepancies between the two versions. These differences have often been said to be the result of Muhammad’s or someone else’s mistake. With the present study, I wish to show that the Qur’an is not “influenced” by biblical narratives as has often been thought. Rather, I believe that its authors have composed a novel writing in rhymed and rhythmic speech, based on one or more biblical subtext(s), very much like what Christian homilists did. As Gabriel Said Reynolds has argued, the fundamental medium of exhortation in their homilies is the use of eschatology. I therefore suggest to read the numerous verses of the Qur’an that deal with the End in light of a small corpus of eschatological homilies written a little more than a century before the Qur’an by Narsai (d. ca. 502) and Jacob of Serugh (d. 521), two Christian authors who wrote in Syriac. It is my hope to shed a light both on shared rhetorical techniques used by these authors and those of the Qur’an as well as on some ambiguous or problematic aspects of the qur’anic eschatological discourse
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Andersson, Karolina. "Att sätta muslimska kvinnors rättigheter på kartan : En studie av fem feministiska teoretikersperspektiv på islam och feminism." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444015.
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Muslim women’s rights, and gender equality in the Muslim world, are commonly discussed subjects within the academic world. Feminism, as a term, is often connected to this topic of discussion. This thesis aims to analyze two different perspectives concerning how these rights should be achieved: Islamic feminism, using internal resources, and Muslim feminism, using external resources. Islamic feminism, as a strategy, proposes that by interpreting the Quran, the ultimate revelation of God, Islam could provide the central and egalitarian meaning of the Quran. There is disagreement within the academic community whether Islamic feminism would enable these rights. Muslim feminism, as a counterpoint to Islamic feminism, proposes that the state must become secularized. Rendering Islam and the state as separate entities. This thesis will utilize the theoretical perspective on Islam and feminism from five feministic academics. They all have different backgrounds, standpoints, and approaches towards the development of Muslim women’s rights, as well as what strategies they suggest to improve them. These strategies encounter different kinds of difficulties. The Islamic feminism, which uses the Quran, runs the risk of being too heavily associated with already established interpretations of the Quran. It may be seen as intertwined with existing fundamentalist views. On the opposite side of the spectrum, Muslim feminism may create a divide between Islam and women’s rights. This thesis aims to present the potential of different theoretical perspectives on Islam and feminism as well as the limitations on suggested strategies for improvement of Muslim women’s rights.
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Asker, Marija. "I gränslandet mellan islamisk ideologi och liberal demokrati : - en studie av islamsprinciper i en nutida kontext." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tros- och livsåskådningsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323776.
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The main purpose of the thesis is to investigate the possibility of bridging the dichotomy between Islam and the criteria of modern society by means of reinterpreting the principles (foundations) of Islam. The reformists Abdolkarim Soroush, Sedigheh Vasmaghi and Tariq Ramadan seek to prove that the methods keeping strictly within the boundaries of tradition interpreting the Quran along the lines of previous generations is not necessarily the sole means of coming to an understanding of the Quran’s message. The thesis discusses these reinterpreters’ critique of tradition and their arguments for the possibility of uniting the principles of Islam with the prerequisites of modern society. In conjunction with this, the question whether modern society presupposes a strict division between the private and the public sphere is problematized from a point of departure in Jeffrey Stout’s Democracy and Tradition. The thesis attempts to show potential conceptions of a modern society based on the principles of Islam.
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Bhutta, Sohaib Saeed. "Intraquranic hermeneutics : theories and methods in Tafsir of the Qur'an through the Qur'an." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2018. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/30286/.
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Islamic hermeneutical works commonly state that "the Qur'an explains itself", and scholars inside and outside the tradition have tended to note and/or adopt this intratextual approach to interpretation. Most famously articulated by Ibn Taymiyya, the principle remains in need of interrogation and elaboration. More broadly, the study of Quranic hermeneutics (usul al-tafsir) is receiving fresh attention both in Western academia and in Muslim confessional scholarship. This study is designed to contribute to these developments and the wider concerns of Tafsir Studies. The research examines the extent to which the process of "tafsir of the Qur'an through the Qur'an" (TQQ) has been elaborated in theory and how it has manifested in exegetical practice. The latter is achieved through an extensive case study which compares the approaches and conclusions of a range of exegetes, particularly those whose projects were based solely or primarily upon TQQ. Following these descriptive chapters, the remainder of the thesis works towards a constructive account of TQQ of benefit to any interpreter of the Qur'an, drawn mainly from 'ulum al-Qur'an literature. The theoretical underpinnings of the endeavour are explored in the light of four 'principles', along with classical theories (such as contextual revelation, abrogation) which could present a challenge to the very possibility of intraquranic exegesis. The final chapter draws upon broader genres of literature on the Qur'an which shed light on TQQ processes and practices. Throughout these explorations of theory, method and practical application, a number of core issues and tensions come to light - such as objectivity vs. subjectivity, reductionism vs. pluralism, and the relative authority and value of this form of exegesis in the broader field of tafsir.
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Conway, Barry John. "The Thanksgiving Hymns from Qumran." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321962.
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El-Awa, Salwa Mohamed Selim. "Textual relations in the Qur'an." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29556/.
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This is a study of textual relations in the Qur'an which explores the possibility of looking differently at the relations holding between the variety of topics that are usually encountered in the long Qur'anic suras. It adopts principles from linguistic and pragmatic theory, and attempts to explain textual relations in accordance with those principles. The main argument of the thesis is that the study of textual relations may be based on a search not necessarily for unity of theme, but rather for whatever types of relations do exist, how they work, and what linguistic tools can be used in directing the reader towards understanding them. The study is divided into an introduction and five chapters. In the first chapter I discuss the development of the view of textual relations in the field of Qur'anic studies and suggest the need for a new methodology that is more systematic and more theoretically guided. In the second chapter I explain the theoretical framework adopted and its implications for the study of the Qur'an, with particular focus on the role of context in understanding text and textual relations. The third and fourth chapters are devoted to analyzing two sample suras from the Qur'an and discussion of their problematic textual relations in the light of the linguistics and pragmatics of their texts. The discussion of the two sample suras covers many aspects of textual relations that are encountered elsewhere in the Qur'an, and the findings of the analysis are used to propose a generalized solution of the problem and a methodology and guiding mechanisms for further applications. The fifth and final chapter draws conclusions from the study and considers the implications of this research for tafsir in general and in understanding the structure of information and textual relations in the Qur'an in particular.
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Moulana, Sultana Jesmine. "SYNERGY: GAME DESIGN + QUR'AN MEMORIZATION." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5199.
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The rise of digital technology has transformed nearly every part of our daily lives, including the way we learn and memorize. Such transformations raise interesting questions for one of the most long-standing and demanding memorization tasks in the world: the memorization of the Islamic holy book, The Qur’an. For Muslims, The Qur’an is a timeless, sacred text, cradling within its covers many profound images, stories, and parables. Despite rigorous research in the fields of game design and memorization techniques, very little work has been done in combining these two areas of research to create a game-based memorization experience of The Quran. This thesis synthesizes game design elements with existing memorization techniques to foster a more engaging, enriching, and inspiring Qur’an memorization experience.
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Black, Kevin P. "Interactive Machine Assistance: A Case Study in Linking Corpora and Dictionaries." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2015. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5620.
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Machine learning can provide assistance to humans in making decisions, including linguistic decisions such as determining the part of speech of a word. Supervised machine learning methods derive patterns indicative of possible labels (decisions) from annotated example data. For many problems, including most language analysis problems, acquiring annotated data requires human annotators who are trained to understand the problem and to disambiguate among multiple possible labels. Hence, the availability of experts can limit the scope and quantity of annotated data. Machine-learned pre-annotation assistance, which suggests probable labels for unannotated items, can enable expert annotators to work more quickly and thus to produce broader and larger annotated resources more cost-efficiently. Yet, because annotated data is required to build the pre-annotation model, bootstrapping is an obstacle to utilizing pre-annotation assistance, especially for low-resource problems where little or no annotated data exists. Interactive pre-annotation assistance can mitigate bootstrapping costs, even for low-resource problems, by continually refining the pre-annotation model with new annotated examples as the annotators work. In practice, continually refining models has seldom been done except for the simplest of models which can be trained quickly. As a case study in developing sophisticated, interactive, machine-assisted annotation, this work employs the task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL), which is to link each word token in a corpus to its correct dictionary entry. CDL resources, such as machine-readable dictionaries and concordances, are essential aids in many tasks including language learning and corpus studies. We employ a pipeline model to provide CDL pre-annotations, with one model per CDL sub-task. We evaluate different models for lemmatization, the most significant CDL sub-task since many dictionary entry headwords are usually lemmas. The best performing lemmatization model is a hybrid which uses a maximum entropy Markov model (MEMM) to handle unknown (novel) word tokens and other component models to handle known word tokens. We extend the hybrid model design to the other CDL sub-tasks in the pipeline. We develop an incremental training algorithm for the MEMM which avoids wasting previous computation as would be done by simply retraining from scratch. The incremental training algorithm facilitates the addition of new dictionary entries over time (i.e., new labels) and also facilitates learning from partially annotated sentences which allows annotators to annotate words in any order. We validate that the hybrid model attains high accuracy and can be trained sufficiently quickly to provide interactive pre-annotation assistance by simulating CDL annotation on Quranic Arabic and classical Syriac data.
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Fagerberg, Filip. "Muhammed Ibn Abd al-Wahhab och de islamska feministerna : Ett möte om kvinnans roll i äktenskapet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionshistoria, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230754.
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The religious school of thought that is involved in the control of Saudi Arabia is called Wahhabism and is a form of Islam that is usually accused by outsiders of being misogynist. This paper will deal with the founder of this alignment of Islam, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, and his view of women in marriage. Another movement which in turn goes to work to lift the women's rights is Islamic feminists. Two branches of Islam who belief that Islam is the only right path to take for issues surrounding gender and life. In this essay, I will compare their respective interpretations of three points which concern the role of women in marriage; men's right to polygamy, men's higher status than the woman and the men's right to beat his wife. The purpose of this paper is to ask two different interpretations of the same issues, with the same verses in the Quran against each other to see how they resemble or differ from each other to try to contribute for a greater understanding of the interpretative pluralism in Islam. The paper concludes that these two movements are looking at the three points with different eyes and in different ways as they are originated from two different contexts and have different purposes when their interpreting the verses from the Quran.
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Sesanti, Andiswa Theodora. "Translating the Arabic Qur’an into isiXhosa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80138.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the feasibility of translating the Arabic Qur’an into isiXhosa. The Qur’an has not yet been translated into isiXhosa and Xhosa-speaking Muslims who are unable to read and understand Arabic are facing a void in practising their faith. Xhosa-speaking Muslims also pray in a language that they do not understand and this robs them of close contact with the Almighty and as a result, the number of Muslims who speak isiXhosa does not increase. Through literature reviews and interviews it has been found that there is a great need for Muslims, who are target language speakers, to be able to communicate with Allah in their mother tongue, isiXhosa. Furthermore the study indicated that isiXhosa-speaking Muslims who, years ago, have converted to Islam are still struggling with the Arabic language. This study also investigates the view that the Arabic Qur’an cannot be translated into other languages because the Qur’an is the word of God delivered in Arabic to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This view is not based upon the assumption that an Arabic Qur’an is untranslatable, but rather on the views of some Arabic scholars. There are also fears that meaning will be lost when the Qur’an is translated. However, the study showed that when translating the Qur’an, one is not seeking to translate only the meaning but also the message of the Qur’an. A conclusion was reached that all human beings, thus all nations and languages, are created by Allah. Therefore, it is acceptable for human beings to communicate and listen to Allah’s message in their own language. This study suggests that culture and language are inseparable and that both must be taken into consideration when translating. The Qur’an has already been translated into other languages and the translations are used without any problems, for example into English and KiSwahili. The Qur’an is available in other African languages as well. Therefore, this study suggests that the Qur’an can be translated into isiXhosa. The linguistic challenges can be addressed in the target language by a body consisting of translators of laypersons, translation experts and linguists specialising in both Xhosa and Arabic. However, the study shows that the title of the Xhosa Qur’an should indicate that the Qur’an is a translated text.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie ondersoek die vertaling van die Arabiese Koran na Xhosa. Die Koran is nie tans in Xhosa beskikbaar nie en Xhosa-sprekende Moslems wat nie Arabies magtig is nie, ervaar dit as ’n struikelblok in die beoefening van hul geloof. Xhosa-sprekende Moslems bid ook in Arabies, selfs al verstaan hulle nie die taal nie. Dit beroof hulle van noue kontak met die Almagtige en veroorsaak dat die Moslem-geloof nie by Xhosa-sprekers in townships inslag vind nie. Aan die hand van ’n literatuurstudie en onderhoude is bevind dat daar ’n groot behoefte onder Xhosa-sprekende Moslems is om in hul moedertaal met Allah te kommunikeer. Die studie het ook getoon dat Xhosa-sprekende Moslems wat hulle reeds jare gelede tot die Islam bekeer het, steeds met die Arabiese taal worstel. Die studie ondersoek ook die siening dat die Koran nie vertaal mag word nie, omdat die Woord van God in Arabies aan die profeet Mohammed (mag vrede oor hom heers) geopenbaar is. Dié siening berus nie op die aanname dat die Koran onvertaalbaar is nie, maar eerder op die uitsprake van Arabiese geleerdes. Daar word ook gevrees dat die Koran se betekenis verlore sal gaan tydens die vertaalproses. Die studie toon egter dat die vertaling van die Koran sal fokus op die oordrag van die boodskap en nie net die betekenis van woorde nie. Die gevolgtrekking van die ondersoek is dat alle mense, en dus alle volke en tale, deur Allah geskep is. Dit is dus aanvaarbaar vir mense om Allah se boodskap in hul eie taal te kommunikeer en aan te hoor. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat taal en kultuur onskeidbaar is en dat albei in ag geneem moet word tydens die vertaalproses. Die Koran is reeds in ander tale vertaal en word sonder enige probleme gebruik, byvoorbeeld in Engels en Swahili. Die Koran is ook in ander Afrika-tale beskikbaar. Die studie bevind dus dat die Koran ook in Xhosa vertaal kan word. Die taalkundige uitdagings kan in die doeltaal hanteer word deur ’n vertaalspan wat bestaan uit leke, opgeleide vertalers en taalkundiges wat spesialiseer in Xhosa en Arabies. Die studie toon egter dat die titel van die Xhosa Koran moet aandui dat dit ’n vertaalde teks is.
I-ABSTRAKTHI: Olu phando luphande ukuba nako kokuguqulelwa esiXhoseni kweKurani yesi-Arabhu. Uphando lubangelwe kukuba kungekho Kurani iguqulelwe esiXhoseni okwangoku kwaye kuqwalaseleke ukuba aMaslamsi athetha isiXhosa, angayiqondiyo nangaluvayo ulwimi lwesi-Arabhu, nokuba afundile okanye awafundanga, ajongene nomngeni wokuba nokungoneliseki kwinkolo yabo. Inyaniso yokuba kufuneka athandaze ngolwimi angaluqondiyo, ibenza bangakwazi ukufikelela kuQamata kwaye ngenxa yoko, inani laMaslamsi alandi kwiilokishi apho aMaslamsi athetha isiXhosa. Uphando, ngokuphonononga iincwadi nangokubamba udliwano-ndlebe, lufumanise ukuba kukhona isikhalo esikhulu esisuka kuMaslamsi athetha ulwimi okujoliswe kulo ukuze akwazi ukunxibelelana noQamata ngolwimi aluqonda ngcono, olusisiXhosa. Uphando lubonise ukuba aMaslamsi athetha isiXhosa awaguqukelanga kwinkolo ye-Islamu kutsha nje kwaye umzabalazo wolwimi kudala uqhubeka. Uphando luxoxe ngoluvo lokuba iKurani yolwimi lwesi-Arabhu ayinakuze iguqulelwe kwezinye iilwimi njengoko iKurani ililizwi likaQamata eladluliswa ngolwimi lwesi-Arabhu kuMprofeti uMuhammada (uxolo malube naye). Uphando lungqine ukuba uluvo lokuba iKurani yolwimi lwesi-Arabhu ayinakuguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi alusekelwanga ekungaguqulweni kombhalo kodwa kwizimvo zezifundiswa zama-Arabhu. Uphando kananjalo luxoxe ngomba wokuba uloyiko lokuguqulela iKurani yolwimi lwesi-Arabhu kwezinye iilwimi lubangelwa yinyaniso yokuba xa kuguqulelwa, kuye kubekho ukulahleka nokulahlekwa kwentsingiselo pha naphaya. Uphando slubonise ukuba xa kuguqulelwa iKurani, ubani akasobe efuna ukuguqulela intsingiselo kodwa umyalezo weKurani. Uphando lufikelele kwisigqibo sokuba abantu bazizidalwa zikaQamata kwaye badalwe bazizizwe ngezizwe nokuba bathethe iilwimi ngeelwimi. Ngoko ke, kwamkelekile ukuba abantu banxibelelane ze bamamele umyalelo kaQamata kulwimi olulolwabo. Uphando lufikelela esigqibeni sokuba inkcubeko nolwimi azohlukani kwaye ngexesha lokuguqulela, zombini (inkcubeko nolwimi) kufuneka zibe ziyaqwalaselwa. Uphando lubonise ukuba iKurani yaguqulelwa kwezinye iilwimi kwaye iinguqulelo zisetyenziswa ngaphandle kwengxaki. Imizekelo yeenguqulelo ziiKurani kwisiNgesi nakwisiSwahili. Uphando lubonise kananjalo ukuba zikhona ezinye iinguqulelo zeKurani kwiilwimi zase-Afrika. Ngoko ke, uphando lufikelele kwisigqibo sokuba iKurani ingaguqulelwa kulwmi lwesiXhosa kwaye nayiphina imingeni yenzululwazi yolwimi engathi ivele ingasonjululwa kulwimi ekujoliswe kulo luphando, ukuba kunokuthi umntu ongathi aguqulele ingabi nguye nawuphi na umntu ontetho isisiXhosa owazi ulwimi lwesi-Arabhu kwaye eliSlamsi, koko ibe yibhodi yokuguqulela eya kuthi ibe nabantu abohlukeneyo ngokwamanqanaba abo, ukusuka kulowo ungafundanga, iincutshe zokuguqulela, iingcali zolwimi kwiilwimi zombini. Nangona kunjalo, kuphando kuye kwaqwalaselwa ukuba iKurani eguqulelweyo ayinakubizwa ngokuba yiKurani kodwa mayibizwe ngegama elibonisa nelicebisa ukuba umbhalo lowo yinguqulelo.
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De-Looijer, Gwynned Antonia Maria. "The Qumran Paradigm : a critical evaluation of some foundational hypotheses in the construction of the 'Qumran Sect'." Thesis, Durham University, 2013. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7727/.
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This thesis is a critical study of some of the foundational hypotheses of the Qumran Paradigm. This Paradigm connects the archaeological site of Khirbet Qumran to, on the one hand, the manuscripts from the eleven caves in its vicinity and, on the other hand, the descriptions of the Essenes by Philo, Josephus and Pliny the Elder. Thus, the Qumran Paradigm hypothesises that the Qumran manuscripts reflect the ‘sectarian’ library of a radical minority group (or ‘sect’), which was closely connected to the Essenes and resided at Khirbet Qumran. Part of this group’s ideology is thought to be their self-identification as ‘the chosen righteous ones’, awaiting the eschaton. Their exclusivist self-understanding is perceived to be demonstrated by modes of separatism and dualistic thinking in the manuscripts of the group’s ‘library’. This thesis discusses several of the hypotheses that have formed the foundations of this prevalent Qumran Paradigm: the idea of a ‘ sectarian library’; literary and socio-historical models of textual classification; the use and accurateness of certain terminology to describe particular textual peculiarities (such as ‘dualism’); and finally, the implications of conclusions drawn from the perception of ideological coherence in the Qumran texts. First, this study evaluates the notions of a ‘sectarian’ library and a ‘sectarian’ group, and how these notions have influenced scholarly classifications of the Qumran texts. These classifications have constructed chronological models of 'sectarian' development, in the attempt to identify a correlation between text-ideology and social history. The validity of such mirror readings is discussed with regard to a crucially important, yet difficult to categorise, Qumran text, 4QMMT. The second part of this study focuses on the construction of social reality through the perception of ideological coherence, particularly with regard to the concept of ‘dualism’. We evaluate the expansion of its definition into ten types of ‘Qumran’-specific dualism. Subsequently, the concept of ‘dualism’ is discussed with regard to the Treatise of the Two Spirits (1QS iii 13 – iv 26), as its dualistically perceived ideas are analysed and compared to similar ideas in other texts. This study wants to critically evaluate those elements in the foundations of the Qumran Paradigm that prevent scholarship from theorising about possible social realities beyond the scholarly construct of the Qumran 'library' and 'sect'. Hence, it wishes to advocate a more revisionist approach that more fundamentally questions the foundations of the Paradigm, specifically for those texts that do not seem to ‘fit’ within the Qumran Paradigm and that allow us to consider whether the texts found at Qumran represent a wider range of social backgrounds and a fuller engagement with the diverse forms of Second Temple Judaism than is normally envisaged.