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Journal articles on the topic 'R-134a and R-600a refrigerants'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kim, M. S., W. J. Mulroy, and D. A. Didion. "Performance Evaluation of Two Azeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures of HFC-134a With R-290 (Propane) and R-600a (Isobutane)." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 116, no. 2 (1994): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906020.

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The reduction in chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) production and the scheduled phase-out of these ozone-depleting refrigerants require the development and determination of environmentally safe refrigerants for use in heat pumps, water chillers, air conditioners, and refrigerators. This paper presents a performance evaluation of a generic heat pump with two azeotropic refrigerant mixtures of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) with R-290 (propane) and R-600a (isobutane); R-290/134a (45/55 by mass percentage) and R-134a/600a (80/20 by mass percentage). The performance

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Memet, Feiza, and Daniela Elena Mitu. "A Study Initiated because of the Global Warming from R-134a." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.751.

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Vapour compression cycles are commonly used in household refrigerators and also in many commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. R-134a is a working fluid widespread in this kind of systems. A chlorine free refrigerant such as R-134a has a disadvantage in the sense of its relatively high Global Warming Potential (GWP), although the specific Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is null. International concern over the relatively high global warming potential of R-134a, and other refrigerants belonging to the same family, will lead in the near future to the stop of their production and use. Fo

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3

Mahdi, Loauy Abd Al-Azez, and Ahmed Yusef Lateif. "Prediction of Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in Wire Heat Exchanger Working with R-134a and R-600a." Journal of Engineering 25, no. 11 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2019.11.01.

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An experimental and theoretical works were carried out to model the wire condenser in the domestic refrigerator by calculating the heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop and finding the optimum performance. The two methods were used for calculation, zone method, and an integral method. The work was conducted by using two wire condensers with equal length but different in tube diameters, two refrigerants, R-134a and R-600a, and two different compressors matching the refrigerant type. In the experimental work, the optimum charge was found for the refrigerator according to ASHRAE recommendat

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4

Misra, R. S. "Appropriate Vapour Compression Refrigeration Technologies for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 2, no. 3 (2014): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.231411.

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This paper mainly focuses on CFCs and their alternatives to their use. The main critical issue in the field of green technologies is to develop the relationship between ODP and GWP and suggest new and alternative refrigerants which do not damage ozone layer and not to increase global warming. The first and second law thermodynamic analysis of vapor refrigeration system of 1.5 ton capacity for seven eco-friendly refrigerants such as ( R-134a, R-404a, R-407C, R-502, propane(R-290), isobutene(R-600a), butane (R-600)) have been carried out in terms of performance parameters such as COP, EDR, Exege

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5

Hsieh, Shou-Shing, and Tsung-Ying Yang. "Nucleate Pool Boiling From Coated and Spirally Wrapped Tubes in Saturated R-134a and R-600a at Low and Moderate Heat Flux." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 2 (2000): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1351818.

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Pool nucleate boiling heat transfer experiments from coated surfaces with porous copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo) and spirally wrapped with helical wire on copper surfaces with micro-roughness immersed in saturated R-134a and R-600a were conducted. The influence of coating thickness, porosity, wrapped helical angle, and wire pitch on heat transfer and boiling characteristics including bubble parameters were studied. The enhanced surface heat transfer coefficients with R-600a as refrigerant found are 2.4 times higher than those of the smooth surfaces. Photographs indicate that the average number

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6

Eltyshev, I. P., S. N. Kopylov, N. V. Golov, and I. R. Begishev. "On Potential Fire Hazard of Use of Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants in Refrigeration Equipment." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 2 (February 2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-2-24-29.

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Today, the most common domestic electric equipment is a household refrigerator. The use of flammable substances as refrigerants for refrigerators can lead to severe consequences. As the production of hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants for refrigeration equipment was restricted by the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, refrigeration technologies have been transferred from using hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants to natural refrigerants (propane, butane, isobutane). The replacement of hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants with natural refrigerants is already noticeable since in many c

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7

Ivana, Reza Taufiqi, Imron Musthofa, and Muhammad Rezki Fitri Putra. "ANALISA EFISIENSI LAJU PENDINGINAN REFRIGERAN R-32, R-134A, R410A, DAN LPG PADA SIMULATOR REFRIGERATOR." JTAM ROTARY 5, no. 2 (2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jtam_rotary.v5i1.8416.

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Efisiensi sistem refrigeran dengan fungsi sebagai fluida yang menyerap panas dalam sistem sehingga terjadi penurunan suhu melalui mekanisme evaporasi dan kondensasi. Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui refrigeran yang mempunyai dampak laju pendinginan terbaik dengan tingkat temperatur yang berbeda sehingga dapat diamati laju pendinginan dari refrigeran R-134a, R-32, R-410a, dan LPG. Dalam prakteknya menggunakan simulator pendingin sebagai media pembelajaran dalam menerapkan prinsip kerja mesin refrigerasi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan mengukur temperatur pada waktu 30 de

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Dhanasi, Sabari*1and Dr.Smt.G.Prasanthi2. "IMPROVEMENT IN COEFFICENT OF PERFORMANCE OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERARION WITH TWO REFRIGERANTS (R-134a AND R600a) USING R600a COMPRESSOR AND WRINKLE CONDENSER." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 11 (2017): 90–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1042084.

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Now-a-days, domestic refrigerator systems are important for industrial and domestic applications. Refrigerator mostly works on vapour compression refrigerator. The system consists of components like compressor, condenser expansion value and evaporator. The performance of the system depends upon allthe components of the systems. The main objective in this presents work is to verify the performance of a domestic refrigerator of capacity 165L,by using R-134a and R600a as refrigerants, hermetic sealed compressor(R-600a), and wrinkle shaped condenser having 6.4mm & length 8m and compared with t

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Anusha, T. "Analysis on Condenser with Different Refrigerants." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (2021): 2021–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36772.

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: This research considered the analysis of condensers by using refrigerants R-134A, R-22 and R-744. The optimal values were obtained by varying different performance parameters. The simulation can be done by using CFD ANSYS Software. Experiments were conducted in order to justify the performance of refrigerants on the fins in condensers and compare the performance of refrigerants on the condenser and fins and find which one has the best Eco-friendly results. The simulated Ansys results showed that R-744 has better and more Eco-friendly results than R-134A and R-22. The main drawback for R22 de

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Rosero, Cristhian R., P. Sebastián Espinel, and Pablo V. Tuza. "New Refrigerant Molecules from Structure Optimization." Processes 9, no. 6 (2021): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9060949.

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In the present work, various objective functions were formulated and optimized using the mixed integer nonlinear programming and the generalized reduced gradient nonlinear method from the solver tool of Microsoft® Excel 2016, respectively. The CH3FO2, C2H4F2O, CH2F2O2, CH2F2O, C3H4F2, and the C2H2F2O molecules were found to meet structural feasibility constraints and physical properties from refrigerant molecules and have not previously been reported in the literature. These new refrigerants present global warming potential values similar to that from the R-134a and Freon 12 refrigerants and n

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Mehdi, Qasim Saleh, and Baydaa Jaber Nabhan. "Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of the capillary tube using R-134a and R-600a." Journal of Engineering 18, no. 12 (2012): 1403–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2012.12.08.

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In this paper, isobutane (R-600a) is used as a suitable substitute for (R-134a) when changing the length of capillary tube. And the experimental data on capillary tube are obtained under different conditions such as (subcooling and ambient temperatures) on domestic refrigerator (9ft3 size), this data shows that (R-600a) a suitable substitute for (R134a) .The test presented a model for a steady state, two-phase flow in capillary tube for vapour compression system .The numerical model depends on conservation equations (mass, energy and momentum) as wall as the equation of state for refrigerant.

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Gebrehiwet Seyoum, Haile. "Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Hydrocarbon Based Domestic Refrigeration System." International Innovative Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32595/iirjet.org/v7i1.2021.150.

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The use of synthesized refrigerants has several environmental concerns. The most widely used substances like hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have either high global warming potential (GWP), high ozone depletion potential (ODP) or long atmospheric life time. With the growing demand of healthier atmosphere, the study of other alternative substances is very important. This paper presents theoretical thermodynamic performance analysis of hydrocarbon based domestic vapour compression refrigeration system. Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600

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Aderibigbe, A. A., A. D. Ogunsola, E. A. Fadiji, et al. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Single-Stage Vapour Compression Refrigeration System in Nigeria Using Natural Refrigerants." Asian Journal of Advanced Research and Reports 19, no. 1 (2025): 161–69. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajarr/2025/v19i1870.

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Refrigeration systems play a critical role in various sectors of Nigeria’s economy, particularly in food preservation, healthcare, and industrial processes. However, the use of conventional synthetic refrigerants, which contribute significantly to global warming and ozone depletion, poses environmental challenges. This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of single-stage vapor compression refrigeration systems in Nigeria, focusing on the use of natural refrigerants as eco-friendly alternatives to identify eco-friendly refrigerant alternatives for Nigeria’s climate. This study conducts a the

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14

Hung, Kuo-Shu, Kung-Yun Ho, Wei-Chung Hsiao, and Yean-Der Kuan. "The Characteristic of High-Speed Centrifugal Refrigeration Compressor with Different Refrigerants via CFD Simulation." Processes 10, no. 5 (2022): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050928.

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This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to simulate and analyze the working fluid in magnetic centrifugal refrigerant compressors using R-134a to mixed refrigerant: R-513A and HFO (Hydrofluoroolefins) Hydrofluoroolefin refrigerant: R-1234yf, and the impact on integrated part-load performance, Integrated Part Load Value (IPLV) and internal flow field. This study used a single-stage 280 USRT maglev centrifugal refrigerant compressor as a simulation model. Three different refrigerants were used: R-134a, R-513A, and R-1234yf, as presented in the National Institute of Standards and Techn

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15

Nugroho, Agung, Alfianto, and Tabah Priangkoso. "The effect of refrigerant filling pressure on split AC performance with variations in refrigerant R22, R134A, and R290." JTTM : Jurnal Terapan Teknik Mesin 5, no. 1 (2024): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37373/jttm.v5i1.638.

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R-22 refrigerant has been recognized as a major cause of climate change and ozone layer depletion, leading to increased interest in finding more environmentally friendly alternatives. Two alternatives being considered are R-134a and R-290. The main objective of this research is to compare the Coefficient of Performance (CoP) performance of split ACs using three types of refrigerants, namely R-22, R-134a, and R-290, taking into account the environmental impact and operational efficiency. The research method involved retrofitting a 1 PK split AC which initially used R-22 with three different typ

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Faraj, El-Sagier, and Ali Elhaj Umbarek Mohammed. "Exergy investigation of home air conditioner working with different environment friendly refrigerants." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.12.2.18383.

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In this paper, the performance of various alternative refrigerants were compared to find the replacement for R22, the widely used hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant in home air conditioning systems in most developing countries. This study include the environment friendly hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants such as R-134a, R-410A, R-407C and R- 404A. A steady state thermodynamic modelling and simulation of a home air conditioner as an actual vapor-compression system was developed. The model predicted the performance of the system with the mentioned alternative refrigerants in terms of

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Hindratmo, Dimas Bayu, Bagiyo Condro Purnomo, Akbar Satrio Wicaksono, and Ilham Habibi. "Komparasi Kinerja AC Kendaraan dengan Menggunakan Refrigeran R-134a, dan R-290." Borobudur Engineering Review 3, no. 1 (2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/benr.8898.

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The development of vapor compression refrigeration systems currently depends on the issue of environmental problems related to ozone layer depletion (ODP) and global warming potential (GWP). In addition to environmental issues, low energy use is also in the spotlight of researchers. To solve the problem of refrigeration development, natural refrigeration, especially hydrocarbons, is the focus of attention. Hydrocarbons are refrigerants that have excellent properties to be natural refrigerants. This study aims to compare the performance of refrigerant R-134a with R-290. The research used a stan

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Raja, Balakrishnan, Palanisamy Balachander, Dhasan Mohan Lal, and Rajagopal Saravanan. "A Comparative Study on Flow Boiling Heat-Transfer Coefficient of R-134a and R-134a/R-290/R-600a Refrigerant Mixture." Heat Transfer Research 40, no. 6 (2009): 571–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v40.i6.50.

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Misra, R. S. "Vapour Compression Refrigeration Technology for Sustainable Development." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 4 (2015): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.341517.

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This paper mainly focus on CFCs and their alternatives to their use. The main critical issue in the field of green technologies is to develop the relationship between ODP and GWP and suggest new and alternative refrigerants which do not damage ozone layer and not to increase global warming. The first and second law thermodynamic analysis of vapor refrigeration system of 1.5 ton capacity for five eco-friendly refrigerants such as (R-1234yf, R-1234ze, propane (R-290), isobutene (R-600a), butane (R-600)) have been carried out in terms of performance parameters such as COP, Exegetic efficiency, ra

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20

Alrwashdeh, Saad, Handri Ammari, Mahmoud Hammad, and Heening Markotter. "Experimental investigation of the effect of using different refrigerant gases on refrigerator performance." Jordan Journal of Energy 1, no. 1 (2022): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/jje.v1i1.2.

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An experimental study of the performance of a refrigerator using two refrigerants R-134a and R-410A has been conducted. The R-134a was the original design refrigerant, while the R-410A was the drop-in refrigerant. The study was performed on a small refrigerator charged with each refrigerant alone at nearly the same ambient conditions. Temperatures at various locations in the refrigeration system were measured using thermocouples during the running of the experiments, and the data collected were processed into performance refrigeration parameters. The results have indicated that both the refrig

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PASEK, ARI D., and ARYADI SUWONO. "APPLICATION OF HYDROCARBON BASED REFRIGERANTS FOR AIR CONDITIONING IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 19, no. 04 (2011): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201013251100065x.

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Electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems reaches 60% to 70% of the total electric energy consumption in buildings. Therefore, saving electrical energy consumption in air conditioning systems would have a significant impact on the national electrical energy consumption. Currently, the air conditioning sectors were having a dilemma on finding the alternative substitutes for CFC and HCFC refrigerants which are proven to cause destruction of the ozone layer and contribute to the effects of global warming. This paper will discuss the problems faced by an Article 5 country similar t

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Saha, Rahish Kumar. ""Advanced Materials in Refrigeration Systems: An In-depth Analysis of Novel Additives and Their Influence on Heat Transfer Efficiency and Energy Consumption"." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 1 (2024): 560–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58013.

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Abstract: This study explores the cutting-edge domain of nano refrigerants, aiming to boost the cooling performance of the widely used refrigerant R-134a by integrating a precisely balanced blend of CuO and SiO2 nanoparticles. The primary motivation for this research is the imperative to transform refrigeration systems, making them more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable. The research methodology involves systematically creating a nano refrigerant by dispersing varying concentrations of CuO and SiO2 nanoparticles in R-134a. Selected for their exceptional thermal conductivity and

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Sharma, Rawinder, Harpreet Singh, and Harpuneet Singh. "Exploratory Study of Thermodynamics Performance of R 134a, R 152a and R 1234yf in Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 7, no. 3 (2019): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.731917.

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The Study present in this article focuses on the research of alternate eco friendly refrigerants with remarkable coefficient of performance and reduced global warning potential and zero ozone depletion potential. Objective of this experimental investigation is to study the performance of R134a and R152a and R1234 yf refrigerant in vapor compression cycle and their comparison with various parameter. The result showed the alternative refrigerant R1234 yf investigated in the analysis have higher coefficient of performance than R152 a and lower than R134a. This experimental investigation is conduc

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Louay Abd Al-Azez Mahdi, Hasanain Adnan Abdul Wahhab, and Miqdam Tariq Chaichan. "The Change of Flow Pattern from Stratified to Stratified-Wavy for Condensation in Wire on Tube Heat Exchangers." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 117, no. 2 (2024): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.117.2.105115.

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Flow patterns inside wire-on-tube condensers with different refrigerant mass flow rates were studied in a theoretical study. In this study, tubes with diameters of 3.25 mm (3/16"), 4.83 mm (1/4") and 6.29 mm (5/16") were used. R-134a and R-600a cooling fluids were used at condensing temperatures of 54.4°C, 45°C, and 35°C. The results of this study were obtained using Equal Equation Solver (EES) software. The proposed model was able to predict the type of refrigerant flow pattern based on the limitations reported in previous studies. It was possible to distinguish four kinds of flow patterns: l

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Balakrishnan, Raja, Lal Dhasan, and Saravanan Rajagopal. "Flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of R-134a/R-290/R-600a mixture in a smooth horizontal tube." Thermal Science 12, no. 3 (2008): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0803033b.

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An investigation on in-tube flow boiling heat transfer of R-134a/R-290/R-600a (91%/4.068%/4.932% by mass) refrigerant mixture has been carried out in a varied heat flux condition using a tube-in-tube counter-flow test section. The boiling heat transfer coefficients at temperatures between -5 and 5?C for mass flow rates varying from 3 to 5 g/s were experimentally arrived. Acetone is used as hot fluid, which flows in the outer tube of diameter 28.57 mm, while the test fluid flows in the inner tube of diameter 9.52 mm. By regulating the acetone flow rate and its entry temperature, different heat

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Karageorgis, Andreas, George Hinopoulos, and Man-Hoe Kim. "A Comparative Study on the Condensation Heat Transfer of R-513A as an Alternative to R-134a." Machines 9, no. 6 (2021): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9060114.

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This paper presents the two-phase condensation heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R-513A as an alternative refrigerant to R-134a in a 9.52-mm OD horizontal microfin copper tube. The test facility had a straight, horizontal test section with an active length of 2.0 m and was cooled by cold water circulated in a surrounding annular space. The annular-side heat transfer coefficients were obtained using the Wilson plot method. The average heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop data are presented at the condensation temperature of 35 °C in the range of 100–440 kg·m−2·s−1 mass f

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Singh,, Mahesh Pratap. "Analysis of R410A and R404A in Domestic Refrigerator." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem28527.

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In this work, an experimental work was investigated on the R-410A and R-404A which are eco friendly refrigerants and have zero ozone depletion potential and low global warming potential than R-134a used in a domestic refrigerator without any system reconstruction. The refrigerator performance was then investigated using energy consumption test and freeze capacity test. The results indicatethat R-410A and R-404A work normally and safely in the refrigerator. The refrigerator performance was better than the pure R404A, thus R-410A refrigerant in domestic refrigerators is feasible and can replace

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Aderibigbe, A. A., A. D. Ogunsola, E. A. Fadiji, et al. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Two-stage Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems Using Eco-friendly Refrigerants." Journal of Energy Research and Reviews 16, no. 12 (2024): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.9734/jenrr/2024/v16i12387.

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As Nigeria continues to expand its industrial, commercial, and residential cooling needs, the demand for efficient and environmentally sustainable refrigeration systems is growing. However, the environmental impact of conventional refrigerants has raised concerns due to their high global warming potential and ozone depletion potential. This study presents a thermodynamic analysis of two-stage vapour compression refrigeration systems in Nigeria, utilizing eco-friendly refrigerants which offer low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. The refrigeration system comprises a h

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Zhang, Mingkan, Vishaldeep Sharma, and Praveen Cheekatamarla. "A Modeling-Based Flammable Risk Treatment of Refrigerant Leakage from a Commercial R-290 Refrigeration Machine." Inventions 9, no. 3 (2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions9030053.

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Because of serious concerns about global warming, manufacturers have started phasing out high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants in commercial refrigeration equipment (e.g., R-134a). As a potential replacement, propane (R-290) is an environmentally friendly refrigerant for commercial refrigeration equipment because its GWP is only three. However, propane is flammable and is therefore classified as a Class A3 refrigerant per ASHRAE Standards, so safety is a very important consideration when propane-based equipment is designed and deployed in buildings. In the event of a refrigerant lea

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Velkar, Rajendra B., Nagesh S. More, Vaibhav K. Dongare, Anirudha G. Mulgund, Vaibhav V. Gardi, and Dattatray D. Surve. "Experimental Investigation of Water Cooler System by Using Eco-Friendly Refrigerant (R-134a)." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 2, no. 3 (2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v2i3.350.

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With the recent government regulations, of banning the ozone depleting substances and Kyoto protocol later on curtaining to the use of substances which contribute to global warming, conventional refrigerants are to be replaced by the environment friendly refrigerants. Present day mankind depends heavily on refrigeration for his daily needs. This can be noticed by wide range of applications such as for home refrigeration, comfort cooling, preservation and transport, commercial and industrial air conditioning, hospitals, offices etc. These refrigeration system works on simple vapour compression

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Stegou-Sagia, A., and D. Katsanos. "On isentropic changes of alternative refrigerants (R-123, R-134a, R-500, R-503)." Energy 21, no. 12 (1996): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(96)00082-5.

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Ashfi Rayhan, Fajri, Amir Marasabessy, Wiwin Sulistyawati, Dea Zulpiana Putri, Anandita Fatihah, and Deva Natasya. "Thermodynamic Performance Comparison of Refrigeration Systems using R-134a, R-744, and R-32 for Indonesian Fishing Boats." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 128, no. 1 (2025): 19–31. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.128.1.1931.

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Indonesian fishermen are lagging behind in the global fishing Industry due to several reasons such as the absence of effective fish refrigeration storage facilities. This is observed from the fact that the fishing boats use conventional refrigerants, R-134a, considered capable of damaging the ozone and climate. Meanwhile, the boats in Europe are using carbon dioxide, R-744, which has been updated and believed to be better for nature. Therefore, this study aimed to compare and analyze the enthalpy, energy, and coefficient of performance (COP) in the cooling system of fishing boats varied at R-1

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Uwadiae, M. E., M. A. Akintunde, and T. I. Ogedengbe. "Experimental investigation of R-134a and R-600a refrigerant blend in domestic vapour compression refrigeration system." Nigerian Journal of Technology 36, no. 4 (2018): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i4.20.

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Hasheer, Sk Mohammad, and Kolla Srinivas. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Low GWP Refrigerant Mixtures in a Refrigerator as Replacement to R-134A." Strojnícky časopis - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 69, no. 4 (2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/scjme-2019-0049.

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AbstractChlorofluorocarbons and hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are replaced by hydroflourocarbons (HFCs) which is not harmful to the ozone layer. However, few of HFCs have a relatively high global warming potential (GWP) and are subject to further examination due to growing concerns about global climate change. The goal now is to find the next generation of environmentally sustainable work fluids with an insignificant direct environmental impact in terms of ozone depletion and global warming potential. This document introduces the mixture of low-GWP refrigerants like R440A, R430A, R1234ze (

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Hsieh, Shou-Shing, and Chun-Jen Weng. "Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of Distilled Water (H2O) and R-134a/Oil Mixtures From Rib-Roughened Surfaces." Journal of Heat Transfer 119, no. 1 (1997): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2824079.

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Measurements of pool-boiling heat transfer coefficients in distilled water and R-134a/oil mixtures with up to 10 percent (by weight) miscible EMKARATE RL refrigeration lubricant oil are extensively studied for a smooth tube and four rib-roughened tubes (rib pitch 39.4 mm, rib height 4 mm, rib width 15 mm, number of rib element 8, rib angle 30 deg–90 deg). Boiling data of pure refrigerants and oil mixtures, as well as the influences of heat flux level on heat transfer coefficient, are presented and discussed. A correlation is developed for predicting the heat transfer coefficient for both pure

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SPATZ, MARK, SAMUEL YANA MOTTA, CHRISTOPHER SEETON, and YONGMING NIU. "LOW GLOBAL WARMING REFRIGERANTS FOR RESIDENTIAL AIR CONDITIONING APPLICATIONS." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 02 (2014): 1440005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132514400057.

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Due to the growing global concerns around the use of refrigerants with relatively high global warming potential, new refrigerants with the positive attributes of both high thermal performance and low environmental impact are currently in development by Honeywell. These new refrigerants exhibit promising performance when compared with refrigerants currently used in stationary AC systems such as those that use R-410A, R-407C, and R-134a, for example. These new refrigerants also show significantly lower flammability characteristics than the much more flammable hydrocarbons. Replacements of common

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Bell, Ian H. "Mixture Models for Refrigerants R-1234yf/134a, R-1234yf/1234ze(E), and R-134a/1234ze(E) and Interim Models for R-125/1234yf, R-1234ze(E)/227ea, and R-1234yf/152a." Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 51, no. 1 (2022): 013103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086060.

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In this work, new thermodynamic models for refrigerant mixtures are provided for the binary pairs R-1234yf/134a, R-1234yf/1234ze(E), and R-134a/1234ze(E) based on new reference measurements of speed of sound, density, and bubble-point pressures. Fitting the very accurate liquid-phase speed of sound and density data reproduces the bubble-point pressures to within close to their uncertainty, yielding deviations in density less than 0.1% and speed of sound deviations less than 1% (and less than 0.1% for R-1234yf/134a). Models are also presented for the binary pairs R-125/1234yf, R-1234ze(E)/227ea

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Raja, Balakrishnan, Sekhar Santhappan, and Lal Dhasan. "Heat transfer correlation for a refrigerant mixture in a vertical helical coil evaporator." Thermal Science 13, no. 4 (2009): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0904197r.

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The flow boiling heat transfer study of R-134a/R-290/R-600a refrigerant mixture is carried out in a vertical helical evaporator test section. The test section is immersed in an agitated ethylene glycol-water bath maintained at constant temperature. An aluminum test section with a height of 0.22 m, tube inside diameter of 6.35 mm, outside diameter of 8 mm and coil length of 8 m is used. The influences of various operating parameters such as evaporating temperature, bath temperature, and refrigerant composition on the heat transfer coefficient are investigated experimentally. Using the same expe

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Al-Zahrani, Ahmed. "Energy and Exergy Analysis on Zeotropic Refrigerants R-455A and R-463A as Alternatives for R-744 in Automotive Air-Conditioning System (AACs)." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072127.

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The popularity of vehicles and the increased time spent in cars with air conditioning systems has led to regulations in many countries that require the use of environmentally friendly refrigerants with minimal global warming and zero ozone depletion potential (GWP and ODP). Cars need high-performance, eco-friendly air conditioning systems to reduce their impact on the environment, lower fuel consumption, and decrease carbon emissions. The aim of the current work was to propose CO2-based blend zeotropic refrigerants, R-455A (R-744/32/1234yf) and R-463A (R-744/32/125/1234yf/134a), to improve the

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Shafiq, Qadir Nawaz, Jane-Sunn Liaw, and Chi-Chuan Wang. "A Comprehensive Review on the Nucleate/Convective Boiling of Low-GWP Refrigerants: Alternatives to HFC Refrigerants." Processes 11, no. 2 (2023): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020468.

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This review presents the nucleate/convective boiling performance for a variety of important low global warming potential (LGWP) alternatives to commonly used high-global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants (such as R-134a, R404A, and R-410A, etc.). Efforts are stressed on the assessment of their evaporation pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) characteristics. These alternatives include R-1234ze(Z), R-1234ze(E), R-1233zd (E), R-1234ze(E), R-410A, R-1234yf, and R-513A. The authors investigated the thermo-fluid properties within and outside a tube, mini-channel, micro-fin tube, and

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Komarov, S. G., and S. V. Stankus. "Speed of sound in gas solution of R-134a / R-227ea refrigerants." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1105 (November 2018): 012148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1105/1/012148.

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Hamad, Ahmed J. "Experimental Investigation of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Performance Using Nano-Refrigerant." Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, no. 2 (2014): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/ejuow.vol2.iss2.26.

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Experimental investigation of vapor compression refrigeration system performance using Nano-refrigerant is presented in this work. Nano-refrigerant was prepared in current work by mixing 50 nanometers diameter of copper oxide CuO nanoparticles with Polyolester lubrication oil and added to the compressor of the refrigeration system to be mixed with pure refrigerant R-134a during its circulation through refrigeration system. Three concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.4%) of CuO-R134 a Nano-refrigerant are used to study the performance of the refrigeration system test rig and to investigate the eff

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Anaemeje, J. C., K. C. Owuama, O. C. Okafor, and K. E. Madu. "Determination of a Suitable Retrofit of R-134A Using Refrigerant Blends of R290 and R600 Aided by an Optimization Technique." Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 1 (2022): G1—G7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/jes.2022.9(1).g1.

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The effect of the hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants on the environment through the attack of its halogen contents-chlorine and fluorine, on the ozone layer and the toxic nature of such refrigerants, has paid the attention of researchers to work towards getting suitable alternatives using hydrocarbons (HC) or its blends with HFC refrigerants. This study was centered on getting a suitable retrofit of R-134A with a good coefficient of performance (COP) and low global warming potential (GWP) using the blends of R-290 and R-600 HCs for use in refrigeration syst

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Srinivasan, Kandadai. "CFC Alternatives — A Fresh Look." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 4 (1992): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900031465.

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This article examines, through a molecular perspective, the ‘ozone-friendly’ refrigerants R-134a and R-123 vis-à-vis R-12 and R-11, which are targeted to be phased out under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Final Act (1987). It appears that the molecular weight, size parameter, and dipole moment, of R-134a and R-123, may induce a pronounced effect on the chemical equilibrium of ice particles in the polar stratospheric clouds and subsequently influence the photochemical reactions therein.Non-polar, high-molecular-weight perfluoropropane (R-218), could be a bette

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Habib, Khairul, Mohammed Ahmed, Ahmed Qays Abdullah, Omer A. Alawi, Balaji Bakthavatchalam, and Omar A. Hussein. "Metallic Oxides for Innovative Refrigerant Thermo-Physical Properties: Mathematical Models." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 29, no. 1 (2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.29.1.1.

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Nano-refrigerant is announced to become an excellent refrigerant, which often improves heat transfer efficiency in the cooling systems. Different materials can be applied to be suspended in traditional coolants in the same way as nanoparticles. In this comprehensive research, mathematical modeling was used to investigate the effect of suspended nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, SiO2 and ZnO) on 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, R-134a. The thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, density and specific heat capacity of the nano-refrigerant in an evaporator pipe were investigated. Compared to conventional refr

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Misra, R. S. "Thermodynamic Performance Comparison Using HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze in the High Temperature Cascade Refrigeration Systems and Ecofriendly Refrigerants in Low Temperature Applications." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, no. 4 (2015): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.341514.

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The present paper relates to a cascade refrigeration system which circulates a HFO refrigerant in the high temperature circuit and HFC-134a in the low temperature (173K) circuit for cryogen applications .The thermodynamic analysis using entropy generation for finding exergy destruction ratio indicating that R1234ze (GWP=6) gives better performance than R-1234yf (GWP=4) in the high temperature circuit. The numerical computation has been carried out for 173 K evaporator temperature for ten ecofriendly refrigerants in the low temperature circuit and HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze, R152a and R717 in the h

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Nikbakht, Fatemeh, Amir A. Izadpanah, Farshad Varaminian, and Amir H. Mohammadi. "Thermodynamic modeling of hydrate dissociation conditions for refrigerants R-134a, R-141b and R-152a." International Journal of Refrigeration 35, no. 7 (2012): 1914–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2012.07.004.

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Singh, Sanjeev, and Rajeev Kukreja. "Experimental Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop during Condensation of R-134a and R-410A in Horizontal Micro-fin Tubes." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 26, no. 03 (2018): 1850022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132518500220.

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Condensation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops of HFC refrigerants R-134a and R-410A have been investigated experimentally in smooth and micro-fin tubes (helix angles 18[Formula: see text] and 15[Formula: see text]) of outer diameter 9.52[Formula: see text]mm at mass fluxes from 200 to 600[Formula: see text]kg/m[Formula: see text]s, vapor qualities between 0.1 and 0.9 and at saturation temperatures of 35[Formula: see text]C and 40[Formula: see text]C. Results showed that the heat transfer coefficients of R-134a and R-410A inside micro-fin tubes were 1.21–1.82 and 1.15–1.47 times hi

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Shon, Byung Hoon, Seung Won Jeon, Yongchan Kim, and Yong Tae Kang. "Review: Condensation and Evaporation Characteristics of Low GWP Refrigerants in Plate Heat Exchangers." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 24, no. 02 (2016): 1630004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132516300044.

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In this paper, condensation and evaporation characteristics of low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants such as R-1234yf and R-1234ze series are reviewed. This review focuses on heat transfer and pressure drop in plate heat exchangers. Mass flux is considered as an important factor while saturation temperature is not for condensation and evaporation process in plate heat exchangers. The dryout phenomenon occurs occasionally and gives greatly harmful impact on evaporation heat transfer. It is found that R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E) give slightly lower heat transfer performance than R-134a fo

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Čaja, Alexander, Nikola Čajová Kantová, Andrej Kapjor, and Martin Vantúch. "Comparison of Performance Parameters of Four Types of Refrigerants." MATEC Web of Conferences 369 (2022): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236904007.

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The use of refrigerants requires to meet ecology and legislation requirements. The aim of the legislation is also to reduce the global warming potential (GWP). Natural refrigerants such as carbon dioxide, ammonia, and hydrocarbons such as propane, isobutene, and propylene are used mainly because of their environmental benefits compared to synthetic refrigerants. This work compares two natural refrigerants: R-744 and R-290 and two synthetic refrigerants: R-134a and R-32. All these refrigerants are used mainly in heat pumps. In this work were calculated and compared the following performance par

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