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Kullberg, Daniel, and Erik Gustafsson. "Designing for B(r)ands." Thesis, Umeå University, Informatics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1746.
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The following thesis aim to describe the design process when creating a music video. How does it differ from designing other digital artefacts? And what are the similarities. Our focus has been to work with the band and their song as a brand with a specific market. The conclusion is that the design process is not as regulated when working with a band compared to a company. This made it possible to create a more artistic design. The effects of the video depends on how the fans will react on it. A well-produced video is not necessarily equal to a successful one. In this aspect it does not differ from making a commercial for a brand.
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Gélinas, Marc Paul. "Kinematic comparison of same and opposite-field hitting in baseball." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61873.
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Jürgens, Bernd Sebastian. "B. R. Ambedkar : Religionsphilosophie eines Unberührbaren /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb401847633.
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Coupiat, Pierre. "B-e-r-g-e-r-a-c,. . . Archipel pavillonnaire." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21605.
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La petite ville s'est transformée au point que seuls les anciens s'en souviennent encore et narrent une ville qui désormais a disparu. Le plus remarquable est la séparation du politique et du système d'intégration à la ville désormais ouvert au système marchand. L'unité de la ville s'efface alors au profit de la qualité de séparation. Dans ce contexte, l'habitant en tant que statut disparaît au profit de l'habitant qualité qui s'acquiert. La petite ville n'est plus qu'un "habit vide" et les relations entre les individus s'effectuent ailleurs. Plus précisément, à partir d'un "archipel pavillonnaire" et donc dans des îlots séparés et différenciés socialement. Nous argumentons donc pour une séparation des univers sociaux à l'instar des territoires urbains et plus précisément des villes américaines. Les habitants vivent dans des groupes sociaux inclusifs organisés sur une base spatiale. L'archipel pavillonnaire est alors un monde de la complexité dans lequel l'individualisation et la séparation en formulent l'expérience. En définitive, dans l'archipel pavillonnaire, la qualité de séparation, la faiblesse des liens et l'évitement des conflits constituent un ordre moral singulier : le minimalisme moralThe little town has changed so much that only the elderly can remember it and tell the story of bygone days. What is worth noting is the separation between politics, and the town system of integration now open to free trade. The town unity is replaced by the quality of separation. In these circumstances, the inhabitant as status steps aside in favor of the inhabitant as quality, which can be acquired. The small town is merely an empty garment and the relationships between inhabitant are elsewhere, more precisely from a residential area in socially separate places. We therefore advocate for a separation of social universes following the example of urban territories and more precisely American cities. The inhabitant live in inclusive social groups organized on a spatial basis. The suburban area is then a world of complexity in which individualization and separation express this experience. In other words, in the suburban area, the quality of separation, the weak ties and the avoidance of conflicts compose a peculiar moral order : the moral minimalism
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Mayot, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude cristallographique et magnétique de composés intermétalliques R–Co–B et R–Fe–B (R ≡ élément de terres rares)." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00399675.
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Nous nous sommes attaché à étudier les liens entre propriétés cristallographiques et magnétiques de phases intermétalliques R M-B où R est un élément de terres rares, l'yttrium ou le thorium et M un métal de transition 3d. La présence de bore dans l'environnement atomique des sites de métaux de transition, notamment, agit fortement sur les propriétés magnétiques tant à l'échelle macroscopique que microscopique.Nous apportons une contribution à l'étude des propriétés magnétiques particulières du composé YCo4B, composé modèle et de référence de la famille Rn+mCo3n+5mB2n. L'anisotropie magnétocristalline originale de ce composé est caractérisée à la fois par une réorientation de spin et un processus d'aimantation du premier ordre. Elle s'avère également fort sensible à la pression comme l'ont montré nos mesures magnétiques. La substitution du fer au cobalt dans les composés RCo4B est possible et donne lieu à un schéma préférentiel comme l'illustre nos mesures de diffraction des neutrons. En combinant ces résultats à des mesures magnétiques diverses et de spectroscopie Mössbauer, les propriétés magnétiques de chaque site cristallographique de métaux de transition 3d ont pu être particularisées.
Nous avons étudié la solution solide Y1-xThxCo4B et montré l'existence d'une substitution préférentielle du thorium à l'yttrium sur un site cristallographique. Ces deux éléments R non magnétiques ont des effets différents sur les propriétés magnétique des composés. Par comparaison à des études magnétiques sous pression, il a été possible de montrer que ces différences sont principalement dues aux différences de configuration électronique entre le thorium et l'yttrium et peu aux évolutions structurales induites par la substitution.
De nouveaux composés de la famille structurale Rn+mCo3n+5mB2n ont été mis à jour récemment. Nous présentons des études des conditions de synthèses et des structures magnétiques de quelques phases R3Co13B2 et R5Co19B6. Le composé Pr5Co19B6 présente notamment des anomalies magnétiques interprétables comme une réorientation de spin à basse température.
Nous présentons des résultats d'absorption des rayons X réalisés sur plusieurs compositions de la solution solide CeCo12-xFexB6. Dans cette structure, le cérium présente un état de valence intermédiaire qui évolue notablement en fonction de la teneur en fer.
Enfin, nous avons précisé les conditions de synthèse de phases métastables Nd2Fe23B3 et Y3Fe62B14, très riches en fer. Ces structures originales présentent de nombreux types d'environnements atomiques du fer ce qui en fait des composés aux propriétés magnétiques intéressantes. Nous avons notamment montré les évolutions inhabituelles de ces propriétés magnétiques entre les états amorphe et cristallisé de ces alliages.
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al-Kharusi, Kahlan. "Āthār al-Rabīʿ b. Ḥabīb : edition and study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400648.
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Mello, Érik Luca de. "Ultradarwinismo em K. R. Popper e B. F. Skinner." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5987.
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The theory of natural selection as one of the causal processes of Darwin s theory of evolution has impacted on fields of knowledge far beyond natural sciences. This extension the employment of the logic of selection in psychology and philosophy, as can be found in Popper and Skinner is usually defined as ultra-Darwinism. Darwin s ideas and their impact following the publication of The Origin of Species were approached through Ernst Mayr interpretation. The objectives of this study were: (1) to show Darwin s influence on the works of Popper and Skinner; and (2) to present a brief comparison between Popper and Skinner s points of view concerning with the fate of societies. The method employed was an aporetic one. The main results were: (1) The logic of selection makes it possible to find common epistemological features in the works of Popper and Skinner; (2) both authors hold that scientific knowledge is a means for the investigation of culture and cultural planning; (3) both authors agree that essentialistic theoretical beliefs are an obstacle for technological advances and cause of delay in the development of civilization; (4) they are contemporary with events of worldwide impact brought about by mankind throughout the twentieth century that had a great impact on their works.
A teoria da seleção natural como um dos processos causais da teoria da evolução de Darwin atingiu áreas de conhecimento bem além das ciências naturais. Essa expansão o emprego da lógica selecionista na psicologia e na filosofia, que encontramos em autores como Popper e Skinner é o que usualmente se define como ultradarwinismo. As idéias de Darwin, assim como seus efeitos após a publicação de A Origem das Espécies, foram abordadas a partir da interpretação fornecida por Ernst Mayr. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos: (1) Demonstrar a influência do autor inglês nos textos de Popper e Skinner, e (2) Apresentar breves comparações do que produziu Popper com a visão de Skinner como autores preocupados com o destino das sociedades. O método utilizado foi o aporético. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: (1) a lógica selecionista permite evidenciar elementos epistemológicos comuns nos trabalhos de Popper e de Skinner; (2) ambos os autores apontam o conhecimento científico como via de investigação e planejamento cultural; (3) ambos entendem que posições teóricas essencialistas funcionam como obstáculo para o avanço tecnológico e como causa de atraso no desenvolvimento das civilizações; (4) eles são contemporâneos de eventos de impacto mundial promovidos pelo homem no séc. XX, os quais influenciaram as teorias produzidas por ambos.
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Anderson, Jason Allen. "The life and works of Peter R. Hallock (b. 1924) /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11448.
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Taylor, Sean Patrick. "The R Manuscript of Piers Plowman B : a critical fascimile /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9482.
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Kinsey, John Robert. "B. R. Ambedkar, Karl Marx, and the Neo-Buddhist revival." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1458438.
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STADLER, MICHAEL. "Proteines de la structure r b c c et transcription." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA077260.
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Les proteines r b c c sont caracterisees par la presence, de l'aminoterminus au carboxyterminus, des trois motifs ring, boite b et coiled coil. Le doigt de zinc du type ring (c 3hc 4) fait partie des interactions intermoleculaires dans des complexes multiproteiques et pourrait jouer un role dans leur assemblage ou stabilisation. Il est aussi responsable, en collaboration avec la boite b, de la localisation compartementalisee subcellulaire des proteines. Le doigt de zinc du type boite b (chc 3 - 4h 2) est implique dans des interactions proteine-proteines, par exemple dans la liaison de pml a rb1. Le domaine de dimerisation par helices hydrophobes (coiled coil) est une super-helice des helices et participe a la dimerisation, ensemble avec la boite b : le coiled coil comme surface d'interaction, la boite b peut-etre comme stabilisateur de l'orientation du coiled coil. Les trois domaines constituent le motif tripartie qui semble jouer un role fondamental dans l'adressage ou l'assemblage des macromolecules. Les membres les mieux etudies de cette famille multiproteique sont pml et les tif1. Pml est une proteine avec des capacites multiples de regulation : elle fait partie des complexes transcriptionnellement actifs, elle reprime (a travers l'apoptose) la croissance et la transformation, et elle controle des fonctions immunitaires, sous influence de l'acide retinoique et des interferons. Nous avons pu eclaircir le mecanisme moleculaire de l'induction transcriptionnelle de pml par les interferons avec l'identification d'elements fonctionnels de reponse aux interferons dans le promoteur de pml. Pml est fusionne au recepteur de l'acide retinoique, rar dans la translocation t(15 ; 17) specifiquement rencontree dans la vaste majorite
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Sheridan, Heather P. "Normative authority in elite male tennis : a philosophical analysis." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2002. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/5935/.
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Tennis, like any other practice, undergoes challenges and revisions to its nature. A number of technical and technological innovations have recently been implemented and/or suggested by a variety of interested parties including the introduction of shorter sets and tie-breaker sets, and a revised tennis seeding structure. These innovations, if adopted, will represent a new instantiation of the game. Thus, determining how decisions concerning the future development of the game ought to be made and who ought to make those decisions is of great importance in terms of how fair the decision-making process is and whether the decisions are good for the game itself. In response to these problems we develop a normative account of "fair play" from Macintyre's (1985) nee-Aristotelian position, emphasising the importance of the internal goods, practices, and traditions of tennis, and that decisions ought to be made by those who have relevant experience or knowledge of the practice of elite male tennis. This account, however, fails to provide a decision-making method and is vulnerable to the criticism that it is inherently conservative. We consider three theses that might fill this lacunae and from which a rational decision-making method to evaluate technical and technological innovations in elite male tennis could be developed. First, we consider Rawls's (1971) method of "reflective equilibrium" which allows us to clarify issues, and is both systematic and democratic, but it is too far removed from actual sporting practices, their ethos, histories and traditions to have any normative force. Secondly, we consider Rawls's (1987) "overlapping consensus" model which is conscious of the political situatedness of decision-making but it is inadequate since the consensuses which it reaches might be based on criteria external to the norms of sporting practices. In order to ensure that the consensus reached is based on a critical consensus of the internal norms of sporting practices, we consider Walzer's (1983) thesis that cultural spheres have internal norms which must be respected and which are the basis for normative judgements about justice or goodness within that practice. This thesis is sympathetic to, yet critical of, the internal goods, practice, and traditions of elite male tennis, and that decisions ought to be made by those who have experience or knowledge of the practice of elite male tennis. We conclude the thesis by presenting a tradition-practice bound decision-making model that can be used to evaluate technical and technological innovations in elite male tennis which is transparent, democratic, and respectful of the traditions and internal norms of tennis.
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Purswani, Sudha. "Characterising hepatic B cell subsets in human chronic liver disease." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7590/.
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B cells have been proven to have a significant role in liver fibrosis. We postulate that enrichment of B cell subsets in hepatic diseases may implicate this population in liver pathogenesis. When comparing total B cells from human immune and non-immune-mediated liver disease explants, we found an enrichment of CD20+ B cells in PBC. Furthermore, phenotypic characterization of 11 B cell subsets in matched liver and blood highlighted an enriched naïve peripheral population, and activated B cell subsets in livers. Newly identified CD19+CD24-CD38- and CD19+CD24-CD38int B cells were also augmented in livers compared to matched blood. Furthermore, CD24-CD38- B cells were elevated in PBC and formed aggregates in tissues, whereas CD24-CD38int B cells localized around bile ducts and along fibrotic tracts in PBC. CD24-CD38int B cells secreted pro-inflammatory (IL-6, IFN-γ) and immunosuppressive (IL-10) cytokines following stimulation with CpG compared to other B cell subsets, implying that CD24- B cells may play a role in liver disease pathogenesis. Our findings suggest that B cells may be influential in hepatic disease progression and pathogenesis. Elucidating their role further could provide possible therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Bansal, Raj Rani. "B cell help provided by human γδ T cells." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/36649/.
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Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are a minor subset of T cells in human blood that differ from all other lymphocytes by their specific responsiveness to (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP), a metabolite produced by a large range of microbial pathogens. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be skewed towards distinct effector functions, in analogy to, and beyond, the emerging plasticity of CD4+ T cells. Depending on the microenvironment, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can assume features reminiscent of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells as well as professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). The main focus of this PhD was to investigate the role of the follicular B helper T (Tfh) cell derived cytokine IL-21 in enhancing the ability of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in providing B cell help. In order to try to mimic the physiological conditions in the GC, an in vitro system of autologous Vγ9Vδ2 T cells and B cells from tonsils or blood, the microbial metabolite HMB-PP and IL-21 was used. HMB-PP induced up-regulation of IL-21 receptor on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In return, IL-21 played a co-stimulatory role in the expression of the B cell-attracting chemokine CXCL13, the CXCL13 receptor CXCR5, the co-stimulatory molecules inducible co-stimulator (ICOS), OX40 and CD70 by activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. IL-21 also enhanced the ability of activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells to support antibody production by B cells. Furthermore, Vγ9Vδ2 T cells not only themselves became highly activated APC marker expressing cells but also modified activation and APC marker expression on B cells. Findings presented in this thesis provide evidence that IL-21 contributes to the acquisition of B cell helper functions by human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. In secondary lymphoid tissues, the interaction between HMB-PP-responsive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, IL-21-producing Tfh cells and B cells is likely to impact on the generation of high affinity, class-switched antibodies in microbial infections
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Camargo, Da Rosa Larissa. "Regulatory B cells in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100517/.
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Regulatory B cells, producing IL-10, have been studied in many autoimmune diseases. However, less is known about these cells in Type 1 diabetes (T1D), a disease characterized by the destruction of beta-cells by the immune system, leading to deficient production of insulin. Although B cells play a role in development of T1D, most previous investigations have focused on their pathogenic involvement. B cell depletion has been shown to be protective against diabetes development. To examine regulatory B cells in T1D, we used Non-Obese Diabetic (NOD) mice and non-diabetes-prone B6g7 mice as controls. We compared both strains for the production of cytokines and expression of putative regulatory phenotypes in spleen B cells cultured with various stimulants, at different ages. We observed that NOD mice that were > 35 weeks old and naturally protected against T1D had more IL-10-producing B cells than B6g7 and diabetic NOD mice, and this number increased even more on stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. When LPS-stimulated B cells from protected mice were cultured in vitro with CD8 T cells and DCs, their potential for suppression of T cell cytotoxic activity was higher than unstimulated B cells and B cells from diabetic mice. This inhibitory effect was associated with higher levels of IL-10. Lastly, we carried out an investigation where B cells were transiently depleted in transgenic NOD mice expressing human CD20, to enable depletion using a human anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. We evaluated the effect of depletion and repopulation on regulatory B cells, testing whether the protection afforded by B cell depletion was due to a change in regulatory B cell number or function. B cells with putative regulatory phenotypes were susceptible to depletion and, although the treatment with anti-CD20 reduced the incidence and delayed the onset of diabetes, there was no difference in the IL-10 producing B cell population by the time of full repopulation of B cells. Thus, this protective effect of B cell depletion was unlikely to be due to IL-10-producing B cells. In conclusion, for the first time, regulatory B cells were extensively studied in NOD mice and we demonstrated that protected NOD mice had higher frequencies of spleen B cells producing IL-10 than diabetic NOD mice. Further investigation is warranted to understand how these IL-10-producing B cells contribute to protection against type 1 diabetes.
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Powell, William. "Development of a silicon tracker and front-end electronics for R³B." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003116/.
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A highly segmented silicon tracking detector has been constructed at the University of Liverpool that will form an integral part of the future R3B (Reactions with Relativistic Radioactive Beams) experimental setup at FAIR (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research). The requirements and design of the tracking detector are explained as well as the tracker's functionality in relation to the other R3B detectors. The tracking detector will provide high resolution position measurements and vertex capabilities that will significantly enhance the wide ranging physics programme that is anticipated for R3B. Individual detectors have been constructed by combining several silicon sensors with a double-sided stereoangle strip geometry. All sensors have a strip pitch of 50 μm to ensure high granularity. The tracker is formed of two types of detector which have a total of 4096 or 3072 independent strips. All silicon sensors used for detector construction have been subjected to a quality assurance process at the University of Liverpool. The different stages of the quality assurance process are described and the results for all accepted sensors are presented. The process by which detectors are produced is outlined and the final test data for each completed detector is presented. The detector readout relies on an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), which has been designed, at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, specifically for the silicon tracker. A detailed description of the R3B ASIC architecture is given and ideal operational amplifier calculations have been performed for the different pulse processing stages. A bare ASIC test setup has been assembled at STFC Daresbury, to develop an understanding of the performance of the pre-production ASIC (version two). An analysis of the results has identified issues which have been corrected for the final production ASIC (version three). The results of pre-production ASIC testing have been compared with the specifications and a discussion of the measurements of several key performance criteria is presented, along with theoretical calculations for comparison and verification.
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Pitra, Michal. "Adaptivní regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217708.
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The diploma thesis is focused on an adaptive control, especially in a self-tuning controller area. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with identification methods of the adaptive control. The recursive least squares algorithm and the neural network method are the most popular identification methods. These methods are contrasted and the identification quality evaluation is done. The second part compares various types of the adaptive controllers with a non-adjustable PSD controller. The adaptive controllers are investigated from the various identification method point of view. The user graphic interface was realized for the identification and regulatory part. The time behavior of system responses after incoming disturbance and dynamic process changes during simulation systems control is compared with a physical model connected to B&R PLC. The comparison is done with the application of Matlab/Simulink program.
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Matys, Libor. "Prediktivní regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217557.
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Master’s thesis deals with problems of predictive control especially Model (Based) Predictive Control (MBPC or MPC). Identifications methods are compared in the first part. Recursive least mean squares algorithm is compared with identification methods based on neural networks. Next parts deal with predictive control. There is described creation MPC with summing element and adaptive MPC. There is also compared fixed setting PSD controller with MPC. Responses on disturbance and changes of parameters of controlled plant are compared. Comparing is made on simulation models in MATLAB/Simulink and on physical model connected to PLC B&R.
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Chacon, Carillo Cyril. "Synthèse, étude cristallographique et caractérisation magnétique de composés intermétalliques R-M-B à base d'éléments de terre rare (R), de métaux de transition 3d (M) et de bore (B)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10228.
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Les composes a base d'element de terre rare (r), de metaux de transition et de bore sont des materiaux de choix pour l'etude des liens entre les proprietes cristallographiques et magnetiques des intermetalliques. La serie des composes r n + 1co 3 n + 5b 2 n presente un interet tout particulier en raison de la grande variete de ses structures cristallines et de ses proprietes magnetiques. Apres avoir mis a jour les diagrammes de phases magnetiques de ces materiaux, nous avons montre que la presence de bore dans l'environnement des atomes de cobalt conduit a la chute du moment magnetique du cobalt via les hybridations 2p (b) - 3d (co). La presence d'atomes de bore modifie egalement la contribution des deux sous-reseaux magnetiques a l'anisotropie magnetocristalline, conduisant pour yco 4b, a l'existence d'une reorientation de spin. Grace a la diffraction neutronique, nous avons montre que la substitution du fer au cobalt s'effectue preferentiellement dans le site 2c de la structure rco 4b induisant la disparition de la reorientation de spin. Pour les composes y(co, ni) 4b, nous avons observe l'existence d'une structure cristallographique complexe. Des mesures de diffraction anomale des rayons x ont permis de proposer que la presence d'atomes de nickel dans le site de bore est a l'origine de cette surstructure. Les mesures de dichroisme circulaire magnetique des rayons x (xmcd) au seuil k du cobalt montrent la sensibilite de cette technique a l'environnement atomique de l'absorbeur. La comparaison entre les signaux dichroiques experimentaux et les calculs de diffusion multiple montre une contribution importante des atomes d'elements de terre rare magnetique au signal xmcd. L'etude des composes du type nd 2fe 1 4b montre que l'affinite du gallium et du silicium pour le neodyme est a l'origine d'une substitution preferentielle de ces elements sur certains sites de fer. Ces substitutions modifient sensiblement les proprietes magnetiques et le schema d'insertion de l'hydrogene.
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Coughlan, Ruth Elizabeth. "Regulation of B cell responses during Salmonella Typhimurium infection." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3546/.
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Immunity to Salmonella infection requires an integrated immune response, encompassing Th1 cell-mediated and humoral immunity at discrete stages of infection. Primary infection of mice with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) drives an atypical B cell response, characterised by a rapid expansion of extrafollicular (EF) plasma cells which precedes germinal centre (GC) formation. This thesis examines elements of the GC and EF antibody response, and their regulation. We show that the signalling, adhesion receptor CD31, the cytokines IL4, IL13 and IL6, and the transcription factor T-bet, have selective roles in regulating facets of the B cell response to STm. Antibody responses are severely impaired in CD31-/- mice during primary infection, as is protective immunity after subunit immunisation. The Th2-associated cytokines IL4, IL13 and IL6 promote optimal GC formation during STm infection, however only total loss of IL6 leads to defective class-switched antibody production. We further identify a B cell-intrinsic role for T-bet in IgG2a class-switching during STm infection, whilst T cell-intrinsic T-bet is completely dispensable for this response. In addition, a selective role for T-bet in GC responses to Th2 antigens is shown. These data identify some similarities and differences between the regulation of B cell responses to Th1 and Th2 antigens.
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Drunkenmölle, Tomas Rodolfo. "O significado das metáforas segundo Searle e Davidson / Tomas Rodolfo Drunkenmölle ; orientador, Kleber B. B. Candiotto." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2011. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/pergamum/biblioteca/img.php?arquivo=/000051/0000513d.pdf.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, 2011Bibliografia: f. 108-110
As abordagens da metáfora de Donald Davidson e John Searle são consistentes com as respectivas teorias do significado nas quais estão baseadas. Enquanto ambos os filósofos concordam que a falsidade patente geralmente se evidencia nos casos em que a metáf
Donald Davidson's and John Searle's approach to metaphor is consistent with their respective theory of meaning on which it is based. While both philosophers agree that patent falsity is the usual case with metaphor in their literal interpretation, they di
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Chang, Lieh-Jeng. "Neutron diffraction studies of the magnetic structures of R-Ni-B-C compounds." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245934.
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Wu, Raymond Phyo. "Modulators of signaling and apoptosis induced by didemnin B and viral protein R." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1707554021&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Kaltani, Arian. "Traitement de la fraction fine des résidus du broyage d'automobiles (R. B. A. )." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1994_KALTANI_A.pdf.
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Aujourd’hui, sur le poids total d'un véhicule, on sait recycler 70% sous forme de ferrailles et 5% sous forme de métaux non ferreux. L’enjeu porte donc sur les 25% restant (RBA), actuellement mis en décharge et principalement représentés par des matières plastiques, caoutchoucs, verres, bois, mousse, etc. La tache est énorme puisque le parc annuel des voitures à recycler compte plus que 1,8 million d'unités. Le traitement des RBA et en particulier de la partie fine (< 15 mm), généralement non-traitée et qui représente une grande partie de la mise en décharge, est le but primordial de la présente recherche. Afin de réduire leur volume et de récupérer toutes les fractions métalliques, des nouvelles techniques ont été mises en œuvre en laboratoire, ainsi qu'aux échelles semi-industrielle et industrielle. Il est proposé un criblage à sec, à 4 mm, des fines 0-15 mm. Ensuite la fraction 4-15 mm est traitée par lavage, magnétisme et courants de Foucault. La fraction 0-4 mm est traitée à sec par magnétisme et tablage pneumatique. Sur la fraction 0-15 mm, on récupère environ 13% en poids sous forme de produit magnétique, 5% sous forme de métaux non ferreux et 37% sous forme d'un stérile faiblement combustible
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Mrázek, Michal. "Adaptivní optimální regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217556.
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Master’s thesis describes adaptive optimal controller design which change parameters of algorithm based on the system information regard for optimal criterion. Generally, the optimal controller solves the problem of minimum states vector. Problems of desired value and steady-state error are solved by variation in optimization algorithm.
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Samek, Martin. "Adaptivní optimální regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218211.
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Master’s thesis describes adaptive optimal controller design and it’s settings. Identification with principles of artificial intelligence and recursive least squares identification with exponential and directional forgetting are compared separately and as part of controller. Adaptive optimal controller is tested on physical model and compared with solidly adjusted PSD controller. Possibilities of implementation of adaptive optimal controller into programmable logic controller B&R are show and tested.
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Burlak, Vladimír. "Adaptivní optimální regulátory s principy umělé inteligence v prostředí MATLAB - B&R." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218358.
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This master's thesis considers adaptive optimal controllers. It shows principles of optimal controllers, recursive identification using least-mean squares method and identification based on neural network.
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Salus, Olivia Carol. "Four martyr icons of R. B. Kitaj : an analysis of their pictorial narratives /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487672631597316.
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Benkebil, Mehdi. "L'etude de la violation de cp dans le canal b o d + d a l'aide du detecteur b ab a r. La mesure des performances du detecteur cerenkov dirc de b ab a r : prototype-ii et detecteur final." Paris 7, 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006622.
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Les travaux presentes dans cette these comportent deux parties : l'analyse du mode de desintegration b 0 d + d et l'etude des performances d'un nouveau type de detecteur d'identification de particules a effet cernkov : le diric. L'analyse de la desintegration b 0 d + d a ete effectuee avec les donnees issues, d'une part, du programme de simulation rapide et, d'autre part, d'une version preliminaire du programme de reconstruction. Le rapport d'embranchement de ce mode est predit a 4,5 10 4. L'incertitude obtenue dans la mesure de sin 2 dans ce mode, pour une luminosite integree de 30 fb 1, est de : (sin 2) = 0,19 (simulation rapide) (sin 2) = 0,32 (version preliminaire du programme de reconstruction) la comparaison du resultat obtenu dans ce mode avec celui du mode b 0 j/k 0 s est riche d'enseignements theoriques. L'etude des performances du detecteur dirc a ete effectuee sur le prototype-ii et le detecteur final. Les resultats des tests sur faisceau du prototype-ii ont permis d'obtenir une resolution sur l'angle c et un nombre de photons cerenkov donnes par les valeurs suivantes : ( c) = 10,2 0,1 mrad par photon ( c) = 3,2 0,2 mrad par trace n = 15,7 0,1 a d i p = 20\ et aucune transmission dans la barre l'analyse des premieres donnees cosmiques du detecteur b ab a r a permis d'etudier le dirc dans sa configuration finale. Parmi tous les resultats obtenus, nous donnerons les resultats suivants : ( c) = 10,09 0,06 mrad par photon ( c) = 4,71 0,14 mrad par trace n = 35,2 3,8 a d i p = 20\ et aucune transmission dans la barre l'extrapolation de l'ensemble de ces resultats aux conditions reelles de b ab a r indique que le dirc aura des le demarrage des performances tres proches des valeurs nominales. Une etude detaillee du bruit de fond montre que celui-ci, bien que non negligeable, ne posera pas de problemes importants pour le dirc dans b ab a r.
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Wu, Qinghua 1977. "Self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) triblock copolymers in solution." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98522.
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The self-assembly behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-polystyrene- b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEO-b-PS-b-PAA) triblock copolymers in solution is the focus of this thesis. The triblock copolymers were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The compositions of the block copolymers were determined by 1H NMR. The synthesized block copolymers have relatively low polydispersity indexes (PDI < 1.3) as proved by GPC. The influence of several factors on the ATRP of styrene or t-BA, such as temperature, catalyst and polymerization time, was also explored. The effects of several parameters on the self-assembly behavior of this triblock copolymer were investigated, including the nature and composition of the common solvent, PAA block length, pH, water content, and initial copolymer concentration. Multiple morphologies, such as spheres, vesicles, lamellae and rods have been prepared by varying the above parameters. In particular, vesicles with either PEO or PAA outside have been successfully prepared in dioxane/water. These vesicles may serve as carriers for potential encapsulation applications. The average size and corona chain composition of the triblock copolymer vesicles can be controlled by varying factors such as the PAA block length and pH. The polymer chains may have different arrangements in the vesicle wall, resulting in different corona chain compositions. The vesicles with PAA outside are stable in water, while the vesicles with PEO outside tend to flocculate. Nevertheless, the sediment can be redispersed under vigorous stirring.
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Sayegh, Camil E. "The role of the B cell receptor complex in avian B cell development dissected by retroviruses /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37621.
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During embryogenesis, B cell precursors that have undergone productive Ig V(D)J rearrangement are selected to expand in oligoclonal follicles of the bursa of Fabricius. Because Ig V(D)J recombination in chickens results in minimal diversity, diversity being generated instead by gene conversion in the follicles of the bursa of Fabricius, B cell precursors express a limited range of Ig specificities prior to colonization of the bursa. It has been proposed that recognition of endogenous ligands by this 'pre-diversified' B cell receptor is critical to the progression of normal B cell development. To test this hypothesis, we constructed a truncated IgM receptor (Tmu) lacking the V and Cmu1 domain, which does not associate with Ig L chain proteins nor does it require IgL chains for surface expression, and used a retroviral gene transfer system to introduce it in developing chick embryos. In these embryos, Tmu+ B cell precursors productively colonized bursal follicles as efficiently as B cell precursors expressing endogenous sIg. Furthermore, we detected low but significant levels of IgL VJ rearrangements in Tmu + bursal cells. The analysis of these VJ junctions revealed no selection for in-frame products as these cells are maintained by the Tmu receptor. Interestingly, we showed that the rearranged VL segments derived from Tmu+ bursal cells underwent gene conversion indistinguishably from rearranged VL segments derived from bursal cells expressing endogenous sIg. Taken together, we have ruled out a role for V(D)J encoded determinants in the normal development of B cells in avian embryos. Sequence analysis of 80 IgL VJ segments derived from Tmu+ bursal allowed the unique opportunity to assess the efficiency of gene conversion in vivo, in the absence of selection. Using this system, we demonstrated that >97% of gene conversion events maintain the sequence in-frame. Following hatching, the bursa undergoes morphological changes initiated by the migration of bursal cells ba
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TOMINEZ, EMMANUELLE. "Etude de borocarbures quaternaires supraconducteurs du type r-m-b-c (r = y, terre rare et m = metal de transition)." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112107.
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Les borocarbures quaternaires supraconducteurs de type r-m-b-c (r = y, terre rare et m = metal d) presentent des temperatures critiques t c relativement hautes pour des intermetalliques atteignant 23 k pour l'alliage multiphase ypd 5b 3c 0. 3 5 et 16,6 k pour le compose monophase luni 2b 2c. Les composes rni 2b 2c a base de terre rare magnetique donnent lieu a une interessante competition entre le magnetisme et la supraconductivite. En particulier, honi 2b 2c presente un comportement dit de double re-entrance (disparition puis reapparition de la supraconductivite a plus basse temperature). Au cours de ce travail de these, nous avons identifie et caracterise la phase supraconductrice a 23 k du systeme y-pd-b-c. Cette derniere possede une composition tres proche de ypd 2b 2c et une maille elementaire similaire a celle du supraconducteur luni 2b 2c. Nous avons egalement mis en evidence la metastabilite de la phase supraconductrice a 23 k car nos echantillons de composition nominale ypd 2b 2c ou proche de ypd 2b 2c sont polyphases et contiennent tres peu ou pas du tout de phase supraconductrice. D'autre part, nous avons etudie la competition entre la supraconductivite et le magnetisme dans le compose honi 2b 2c en fonction de parametres tels que le traitement thermique de recuit ou l'ecart a la stoechiometrie en carbone. Nos resultats montrent que la supraconductivite de honi 2b 2c est tres sensible au taux de defauts (substitutions, lacunes) introduits dans l'echantillon lors de sa preparation. Ainsi, lorsque l'on diminue la temperature de recuit ou que l'on s'ecarte de la stoechiometrie en carbone, la phase honi 2b 2c devient moins homogene et ses proprietes supraconductrices s'en trouvent affaiblies (augmentation du comportement de double re-entrance).
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Chirimuuta, Fungai Natalie Winnie. "The exploitation of neuronal survival factors in Burkitt’s lymphoma and germinal centre B cells." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2010. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/930/.
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Neurotrophins are neuromodulatory proteins utilised within neuronal networks for development and survival. Based on previous evidence revealing the expression of neurotrophin components in immune cells, the present study investigates neurotrophin component expression within Burkitt’s Lymphoma B cells. Different latency stages within Burkitt’s Lymphoma B cells are observed due to the expression of resident EBV latency genes. These B cells are said to display germinal centre B cell markers and interact with other cells within a germinal centre environment, such as Follicular Dendritic Cells (FDCs) and T cells. EBV latency phenotypes were characterised for the lines used here; these lines were then screened for the expression of neurotrophin ligands and their receptors: the selective high affinity Tropomyosin receptor kinases TrkA, TrkB and TrkC and the (common) low affinity, tumour necrosis factor receptor member, p75NTR. FDC-like cell lines were also analysed for neurotrophin component expression. This was to question FDCs as potential providers of paracrine neurotrophin signalling to Burkitt’s lymphoma B cells. Neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor expression was detected by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real time PCR methods. Cell lines with the full complement of EBV latency genes expressed were positive for the neurotrophin, Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and all neurotrophin receptors in question. Burkitt’s lymphoma cells expressing limited EBV latency genes revealed more restricted expression of neurotrophin components. FDC-like lines also express neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptors, thus paracrine signalling between Burkitt’s lymphoma cells and FDCs may occur via this axis, perhaps to enhance B cell survival.
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Zhou, Jiang-Feng 1964. "PCR tests for the A- and B-alleles of k-casein and b-lactoglobulin in Holstein cattle." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56817.
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Methodologies have been devised to genotype the $ kappa$-casein ($ kappa$-CN) and $ beta$-lactoglobulin ($ beta$-LG) loci using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) analysis. A fragment of 432 base pair from the $ kappa$-CN gene which contains the nucleotide substitutions diagnostic of the A- and B-alleles of $ kappa$-CN was amplified. DNA amplified from the A-variant contained a unique HinfI restriction site, whereas DNA amplified from the B-variant contained a unique TaqI site. Thus, the genotype of the animal could be determined by restriction enzyme analysis. A region extending from exon IV to V of the $ beta$-LG gene was also amplified using PCR. In this region, the B-allele contains 2 HaeIII restriction sites which are not present in DNA amplified from the A-allele. The digestion of the PCR product with HaeIII thus allowed discrimination between the A- and B-alleles. Analysis of bulls (n = 68) used by artificial insemination (AI) centres after 1980, bulls (n = 27) used before 1960, a random sample of male calves (n = 102) and cows (n = 123) revealed a frequency of the B allele of $ kappa$-CN as 0.13, 0.37, 0.22 and 0.19 in these populations, respectively. In the populations of bulls (n = 69) used by AI centres after 1980, bulls (n = 27) used before 1960, a random sample of male calves (n = 99), and cows (n = 129), the B-allele of $ beta$-LG was present at frequencies of 0.60, 0.52, 0.67, and 0.65, respectively. Statistical analysis of these data shows the frequency of the B-allele of $ kappa$-CN was significantly higher in sires (n = 27) which were used by the AI centre before 1960 compared to more modern proven sires (n = 68) (P $<$ 0.01).
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Li, Hong-Shuo. "Propriétés cristallographiques et magnétiques des composés R(2)Fe(14)B entre les terres rares (R), le fer et le bore." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10037.
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Etude des interactions d'echange entre les atomes de fer dans nd::(2)fe::(14)b. Effet d'une substitution de nd par un lanthanide, l'yttrium ou le thorium. Analyse des effets de champ cristallin sur les ions des lanthanides par spectrometrie moessbauer et mesures d'aimantation en champ intenses
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Johnston, Kelly Scott. "R. Joseph della Reina and his damnation in the fiction of I. B. Singer." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31115.
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The following thesis focuses on the medieval kabbalistic legend of R. Joseph della Reina who, using traditions of esoteric magic, conjured Satan in order to slaughter him in an unsuccessful bid to force the Redemption of Israel. A translation of a version from eighteenth century Amsterdam is presented. Influenced by the heretical ideas of Sabbatianism, this version carries two opposing significations: that of a cautionary tale on one hand, that of a tragic tale of mystical heroism on the other. Based on evidence from the fiction of Isaac Bashevis Singer, the case is made that the modern author, in line with his philosophy of political passivism and historical pessimism, makes full use of the Faustian fascination of R. Joseph della Reina's fearsome story while repeatedly presenting the legend in such a way as to purge it of traditional ambiguity, undermine its tragic character, and leave behind only the aspect of caution or warning.
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Hocking, Philippa J. (Philippa Jane). "Synthesis, characterization, and enzymatic degradation of poly[R,S)-b-hydroxybutyrate] of varied tacticities." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40137.
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Poly ((R)-$ beta$-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, is a naturally-occurring thermoplastic polyester of widespread interest due to its inherent biodegradability. A synthetic racemic analogue, poly ((R,S)-$ beta$-hydroxybutyrate), was prepared via the methylaluminoxane-catalyzed polymerization of (R,S)-$ beta$-butyrolactone, and fractionated to yield a range of tacticities, including new material primarily syndiotactic in nature. Each fraction was characterized, and the syndiotactic crystal structure was examined. An x-ray fibre diagram was recorded, the measured reflections were indexed, and a tetragonal unit cell was assigned.To supplement the initial characterization and probe the polymerization mechanism, high resolution $ sp{13}$C nmr spectra were obtained for the full tacticity range of the racemic PHB and interpreted with regard to several statistical models. A two-site model involving enantiomorphic and first-order Markovian sites was proposed, and the parameters describing each sample were derived. Average isotactic and syndiotactic block lengths were also calculated.
The connection between stereoregularity and crystalline morphology was probed through the precipitation of single crystals. Lamellar single crystals similar to those of bacterial PHB were obtained from isotactic racemic PHB even of low stereoregularity; syndiotactic PHB gave a non-diffracting precipitate of two morphologies apparently differing in tacticity. Cocrystallization of R and S repeat units was implied.
In recognition of the important of biodegradation to the interest in this material, the enzymatic degradability of the synthetic PHB was investigated, using extracellular PHB depolymerases of both bacterial and fungal origin. For solvent-cast films of PHB, the rates of weight loss decreased in the order bacterial PHB $>>$ synthetic atactic $>$ synthetic isotactic $>$ synthetic syndiotactic in both enzyme systems. The relative degradation rates of the synthetic samples changed significantly when the single crystals of natural and synthetic PHB were degraded. These observations were interpreted in terms of the opposing effects of crystallinity and stereochemistry, and the assumed normalization of crystallinity differenced in the single crystals of different tacticity. Differenced between the two enzyme systems, preferential enzymatic attack on the edge or fold surfaces of the single crystals, and the implications in terms of chain cleavage mechanism were also examined.
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Grimm, Silko [Verfasser], R. B. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wehrspohn, and U. [Akademischer Betreuer] Wagenknecht. "Funktionale Arrays komplexer Nano- und Mikrostäbe / Silko Grimm. Betreuer: R. B. Wehrspohn ; U. Wagenknecht." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1025133242/34.
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Grigoropoulos, Nicholas Francis. "The genetic basis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma refractory to R-CHOP chemotherapy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709082.
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Vavrík, Michal. "Návrh a implementace řídícího programu pro CNC obráběcí stroj prostřednictvím B&R Automation." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-416642.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is the robotization of a conventional milling machine to a CNC milling machine using a programmable logic controller. The theoretical part of the thesis contains a description of machine tools and industry 4.0, an overview of Optimum Maschinen and B&R Automation companies, including products, and a description of the G code programming language. At the beginning of the practical part, the selected hardware, its connection and tuning of motors are described. Furthermore, the practical part explains the method of motor control and processing of CNC programs in G code. The following chapters discuss the creation of industrial visualizations for machine control and digital twin for testing purposes. The conclusion describes the evaluation of the results and indicates the possibilities for future expansion of the machine and its implementation in an automated cell in the sense of industry 4.0.
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Xanthoudakis, Steven. "Regulation of the human interferon-b promoter." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74353.
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Human type I interferons offer a relevant system to examine cell-specific inducible gene expression. Interferon genes are transcriptionally activated in a variety of cell types following induction by synthetic double-stranded RNA (poly I:C) and viruses. A transient expression system was developed which permits regulated expression of different IFN-CAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) hybrid genes in human cells. Using this system in vivo competition assays identified positive and negative cellular factors interacting with the IFN-$ beta$ promoter. A factor that recognizes negative upstream regulatory sequences was also identified in uninduced myeloid cell extracts. Complementary studies demonstrated that transcription of the IFN-$ beta$ gene in vitro could be inhibited by a 44 bp synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to the interferon regulatory element (IRE). This element is comprised of two genetically distinct positive regulatory domains, PRDI and PRDII, that are essential for maximal induction by virus or poly I:C. Binding and competition analysis showed that the PRDI element interacts with a factor(s) present in uninduced and virus-induced Hela extracts. The DNA-binding specificity of the PRDI factor(s) is characteristic of proteins recently shown to be involved in IFN-stimulated gene transcription. The PRDII domain is unrelated to PRDI, but shares 80% nucleotide homology with the NF-$ kappa$B binding site in the immunoglobulin kappa enhancer. PRDII was found to interact with an NF-$ kappa$B-like activity in both lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell extracts. An HIV-1 enhancer oligonucleotide containing two repeated $ kappa$B elements was interchangeable with PRDII in the gel retardation assay. UV-crosslinking analysis further revealed that several distinct inducible and constitutive proteins bind specifically to PRDII in different cell types, and suggests that multiple factors may interact with this element to regulate IFN-$ beta$ transcription. Taken togeth
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Pavan, Carmen M. "Influenza B virus : segment 7 gene expression." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55673.
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Liu, Si. "B lymphocyte function in surgical anergic patients." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64094.
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Popovich, Bradley W. (Bradley Wayne). "Molecular characterization of an atypical B-thalassemia." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72818.
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Michaud, Stephanie. "Exploring cathepsin B selectivity using epoxysuccinyl inhibitors." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37782.
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There is accumulating evidence that cysteine proteinase activity plays an important role in cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Extracellular cysteine proteases, in particular cathepsin B, have been implicated in a variety of pathological processes involving tissue remodeling states, such as inflammation, parasite infection, and tumor metastasis, by degradation of extracellular matrix components. As such, increasing efforts are directed toward the development of inhibitors that are specific to the enzyme cathepsin B in order to both dissect out the role of the enzyme in these pathological processes and as potential therapeutic agents.Unlike other members of the papain superfamily of enzymes, cathepsin B has a unique 18-residue insertion loop termed the "occluding loop" which sits over the primed subsites of the enzyme. It has now been well established that this loop is responsible for cathepsin B's unique dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase activity due to the presence of two positively charged residues, His110 and His111, that anchor the C-terminus of peptide substrates and allow the enzyme to carry out its carboxypeptidase activity. It has been demonstrated that this loop is a flexible segment that can move up and out of the way in order to accommodate binding of larger molecules such as the propeptide. Close examination of the x-ray crystal structure of the mature enzyme indicates the presence of an electrostatic interaction between the side chain of the main chain residue Asp22 and the imidazole ring of the occluding loop residue His110. This salt bridge acts as latch between the loop "open" and loop "closed" conformations of the enzyme.
It has been postulated that the development of inhibitors which interact with the "occluding loop" might provide highly selective inhibitors for cathepsin B and in fact cathepsin B-specific epoxysuccinyl inhibitors have been made which exploit the interaction of between a negatively charged carboxylate at P2' and the two positively charged histidine residues of the occluding loop. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we have dissected out the individual contributions of the two occluding loop histidine residues (His110 and His111). The effect of pH on these interactions has also been evaluated and it has been shown that increasing pH results in increased loop flexibility and diminished inhibitor potency.
Further structure-activity relationships for epoxysuccinyl inhibitors were also established by varying our inhibitor design template both in the P1' and P2' positions using known substrate specificities in these positions. Extension of the inhibitor template into the unprimed subsite region yielded the most potent epoxysuccinyl inhibitor to cathepsin B reported to date (BzlNH-Phe-NH-(2 S,3S)-tEps-Leu-Pro-OH: k2/Ki 2 900 000 +/- 300 000 M-1s-1).
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Conigliaro, Paola. "Dissecting the contribution of B cells in an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6209/.
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Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterised by extensive synovitis resulting in cartilage and bone erosions. Both the innate and adaptive immune pathways contribute to the initiation and the maintenance of the disease. Understanding the role of these pathways is central to develop new therapeutics. We have developed a murine model of RA where ovalbumin (OVA) specific Th1 cells induced a breach of self-tolerance and a transient monoarthritis. This thesis aimed firstly to create a model of chronic autoimmune polyarthritis and then to investigate the contribution of B cells and innate inflammation to the induction of arthritis. Relapse of arthritis was associated with the nature of the antigen (OVA) employed and the route of administration. The analysis of collagen specific B cell response revealed that anti-type II collagen antibodies titres rise during the induction of the relapse of arthritis and that they were directed against the epitope U1. Although typical RA autoantibodies were detected in OVA-mediated arthritis, a mild arthritis could be elicited in absence of antigen presenting B cells and in complete absence of mature B cells. B cells were not necessary in the induction of pathology even though their presence was associated with a higher joint histology score. Finally, this thesis describes that an innate inflammatory stimulus, such as LPS, elicited joint pathology but was insufficient to breach B and T self-tolerance. On the contrary, antigen-specific T cell activation led to arthritis and the production of several autoantibodies typical of RA. The relapse and spread of arthritis developed in this thesis provides a useful tool to investigate the contribution of the innate and adaptive immune pathways in the development of autoreactive responses. A better understanding of these mechanisms will hopefully help to design new therapeutic intervention aiming to re-establish immunological tolerance.
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Ward, Carl Ross James. "Studying the role of B-Myb during somatic reprogramming and in iPSCS." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5997/.
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Somatic cell reprogramming towards a pluripotent stem cell-like state occurs in an organized way, with rapid changes in gene expression during the first days of induction. Little is known about the mechanisms that lead to DNA double strand breaks (DSB) and genome instability during reprogramming. Amongst genes upregulated during reprogramming is that encoding the transcription factor B-Myb. \(B\)-\(myb\) RNA levels increase gradually from day 2 of reprogramming, earlier than those encoding pluripotency factors such as \(Nanog\). Despite its possible function as a regulator of the pluripotent state, B-Myb has a general role in the regulation of proliferation, and genome stability throughout the animal kingdom, raising the possibility that the activity of this protein is linked to the DSBs observed during reprogramming. To explore this possibility, reprogramming studies were performed in which B-Myb expression was modified: B-\(myb\)-/- MEFs were incapable of reprogramming after transduction with OSKM lentivirus (Oct4/Sox2/Klf4/c-Myc). However, unexpectedly, co-expression of B-Myb together with OSK (OSKB lentivirus), severely impaired the efficiency of reprogramming. Interestingly, the iPSC colonies appeared more ESC-like and had less DSBs. My results show that both the level of the B-Myb expression is crucial during early stages of reprogramming, indicating that B-Myb is a gatekeeper for reprogramming.
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Paramithiotis, Eustache. "Life and death in chicken B cell development." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41740.
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The bursa of Fabricius is central to the establishment of the chicken B cell compartment. In juvenile chickens B cells emigrate from the bursa at a rate of about 1% of the peripheral blood and spleen B cell pools per hour. Three distinct B cell populations have been identified in the blood: population 1 is the largest, consisting of short lived cells that express the surface marker LT2 and emigrate directly from the bursal follicular cortex. Population 2, the next largest population, also consists of direct bursal emigrants that are longer lived cells, and lack surface LT2. Population 3 B cells are short lived, and are derived from a bursal-independent and rapidly dividing source, which is, however, ultimately dependant on the bursa for its establishment. Only 5% of the lymphocytes generated daily in the bursa emigrate to establish the peripheral B cell compartment. The remainder die in situ by apoptosis. Cell death in the bursa is preceded by loss of surface immunoglobulin, a threshold level of which appears essential for progression through the cell cycle and subsequent emigration.
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Millette, Roxanne. "The effect of chemokine CCL19 on B lymphocytes /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79051.
Full textAbstract:
B-T lymphocyte interaction within lymphoid tissues following antigen exposure is a crucial step in the generation of high affinity antibody. Due to its expression pattern and specificity for B lymphocytes, CC Chemokine Ligand 19 (CCL19) may help initiate the adaptive humoral immune response following antigen exposure. Here we show CCL 19 induced [Ca2+]i mobilization, chemotaxis and rescue from apoptosis in B lymphocytes. Because CCL19 is constitutively expressed, we studied the expression and signalling properties of its corresponding chemokine receptor, CC chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) in various B cell populations. We found that CCL19 responsive CCR7 + cells belonged to distinct B lymphocyte populations at particular stages of maturation and that BCR crosslinking alone was insufficient to modulate CCR7 expression and CCL19 responsiveness. CCL19 induced signal transduction events were Galphai dependent. We found that CCL19 stimulation could desensitize the CCR7 receptor to further CCL19 stimulation, but did not interfere with other key B cell activation signals such as BCR and PAF. Our results implicate CCL19 in B lymphocyte activation, migration, and survival.
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Pearce, Robert 1964. "Melting and crystallization in poly(b-hydroxyalkanoate) blends." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41808.
Full textAbstract:
Crystallization and melting are investigated in blends involving bacterial poly($ beta$-hydroxyalkanoates), PHA's. Two different blend systems are investigated. The first comprises bacterial, isotactic poly($ beta$-hydroxybutyrate), PHB, blended with synthetic, atactic PHB. The second is composed of bacterial poly($ beta$-hydroxyvalerate), PHV, blended with poly($ beta$-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate), P(HB-co-HV), and bacterial PHB.Crystallization kinetics are measured for isotactic/atactic PHB blends. The atactic component is shown to depress the spherulitic growth rate of the isotactic PHB. The Lauritzen-Hoffman model is used to analyze the crystallization data. A regime II $ to$ III transition is observed at a constant temperature of 140$ sp circ$C in the blends. The ratio of nucleation constants for the two regimes, K$ rm sb g sp{III}$/K$ rm sb g sp{II}$, is found to deviate from the theoretical value of 2.0 in the blend system. Equilibrium melting points are measured for the isotactic component and are found to be depressed by the atactic component. The Nishi-Wang equation is used to obtain an interaction parameter, $ chi sb{12}.$ Multiple melting of isotactic PHB is reported and analyzed. It is shown that a melt/recrystallization process is operative and a model is proposed to explain the melting behaviour in terms of recrystallization and annealing effects.
Crystallization kinetics of bacterial PHV are analyzed using the Lauritzen-Hoffman model. Crystallization is shown to occur in regime II. The equilibrium melting point of PHV is measured to be 130$ sp circ$C. A blend of PHV with P(HB-co-HV) of 77 mol% HV is shown to exhibit cocrystallization. The homopolymers PHB and PHV are shown to be phase-separated in the melt, thus precluding cocrystallization.