Journal articles on the topic 'R.C. Pro Am'

The oribatid genus Neochthonius Karppinen in Golosova & Karppinen, 1984 was erected for a single species of Heterochthoniidae, Neochthonius latisetosus Golosova & Karppinen, 1984, from Sakhalin Island, Russian Far East (Golosova & Karppinen 1984). As noted by Judson (1995), this name is preoccupied by the pseudoscorpion genus Neochthonius Chamberlin, 1929. Although sometimes treated as a synonym of Kewochthonius Chamberlin, 1929 [now a junior synonym of Chthonius C. L. Koch, 1843] in the past, Neochthonius Chamberlin is currently considered to be a valid genus, containing four species from California, U.S.A. (Judson 1990; Muchmore 1996). Despite repeated letters to Dr Karppinen (the first sent in 1991), advising him that Neochthonius Karppinen was preoccupied, no replacement name has been published and I am informed that he has now given up all zoological activity (R. Penttinen, in litt.). In order to remove this homonymy, Neochthonius Karppinen, 1984 is here replaced with Neovochthonius nom. nov. (etymology: Latin prefix ne-, meaning ‘not’, added to the name of the related genus Ovochthonius; gender masculine). Neochthonius latisetosus Golosova & Karppinen, 1984 therefore becomes Neovochthonius latisetosus (Golosova & Karppinen, 1984) comb. nov. No other species have been assigned to this genus.

Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) are important economic pathogens in tomato fields. Rhizoglomus irregulare is a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus that provides nutrients to host plants. To understand the effect of R. irregulare on the infection by TBSV/ToMV in tomato plants, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, including uninfected control plants without AM fungi (C), uninfected control plants with AM fungi (M) TBSV/ToMV-infected plants without AM fungi (V), TBSV/ToMV-infected plants before mycorrhiza (VM) inoculation, and inoculated plants with mycorrhiza before TBSV/ToMV infection (MV), were studied. Factors including viral RNA accumulation and expression of Pathogenesis Related proteins (PR) coding genes including PR1, PR2, and PR3 in the young leaves were measured. For TBSV, a lower level of virus accumulation and a higher expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed compared to V and VM plants. In contrast, for ToMV, a higher level of virus accumulation and a lower expression of PR genes in MV plants were observed as compared to V and VM plants. These results indicated that mycorrhizal symbiosis reduces or increases the viral accumulation possibly via the regulation of PR genes in tomato plants.

2516 Ca++ mobilization leading to apoptosis has been observed following rituximab biding to CD20 in lymphoma cells. Extending rituximab (R) exposure (e.g. as via R maintenance regimens) could potentially accelerate the emergence of resistance to rituximab. To define the molecular basis for rituximab resistance we developed several RRCL and demonstrated changes in CD20 expression/structure and membrane reorganization following rituximab therapy. Specifically, changes in the N-terminal and the C-terminal region of the internal domain of CD20 were observed in RRCL as determined by Western blotting using various antibodies recognizing epitopes located in the internal (GST77 and 1439) and external domain (B1) of CD20. In our current work we evaluated the effects that CD20 structure/expression changes have upon Ca++ mobilization. Extracellular and intracellular Ca++ mobilization was measured by flow cytometric analysis using FLUO-3 AM (acetoxymethyl ester). Optimization of the Ca++ indicator and calibration curves were performed for each cell line. Raji and RRCL were labeled under optimal conditions with FLUO-3 AM/Pluronic Acid F-127. Subsequently, cells were then re-suspended in HANKS media with or without Ca++ and exposed to rituximab or isotype (10μg/ml) ± human serum (25%). Surface CD20 expression was similar between Raji cells and RRCL. Expression of pro- or anti-apoptotic proteins and Ca++ regulatory proteins SERCA3, SERCA2 and Calreticulin was also determined by western blotting. In vitro exposure of Raji cells to rituximab + HS resulted in Ca++ mobilization even in Ca++ depleted media. Notably, Ca++ mobilization was impaired in RRCL when compared to Raji parental cells. In addition, down-regulation of Bax/Bak and up-regulation of SERCA3 was demonstrated in RRCL. Our data suggest that the acquirement of rituximab resistance is associated with changes in the intracellular domain of CD20 and in Ca++ regulator/pro-apoptotic proteins (SERCA3 and Bax/Bak) resulting in a decrease in the intracellular mobilization of Ca++. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo determinar quais variáveis dimensionais da folha são mais adequadas para utilização na estimativa da área foliar do antúrio (Anthurium andraeanum), cv. "Apalai", por meio de equação de regressão linear, e comparar o desempenho de diferentes funções de regressão obtidas com o uso de aprendizado de máquina (AM). A variável que melhor estimou a área foliar foi o produto das dimensões lineares (comprimento e largura), CxL, sendo a equação proposta Af = 0.9672 *C x L, com coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,99. Verificou-se, também, com o uso de AM, que as funções lineares são mais adequadas para a estimação da área foliar dessa espécie vegetal.

Estudo fenológico de cinco espécies de Sapotaceae, na Reserva Ducke, no período de 1970 a 1990. Procedeu-se análises multi variadas entre as fases de plena floração, frutos maduros e folhas novas e variáveis climáticas (umidade relativa do ar, precipitação, insolação, evaporação e temperatura média). A plena floração das espécies ocorreu na estação seca, entre os meses de julho e novembro; A periodicidade da floração de Pouteria guianensis Aubl. foi bianual; Radlkoferella macrocarpa(Hubr.) Aubr., padrão anual; Chrysophyllwn oppositum (Ducke) Ducke, anual irregular; Rogala ucuquirana-branca (Aubr. & Pellegr.) W. Rodr., anual alternado; e Rogala ulei (Krause) Aubr., padrão irregular (floresceu em apenas 5 anos). A frutificação das espécies ocorreu na estação chuvosa, entre os meses de dezembro e abril. A periodicidade da frutificação de p. guiaiiensis foi irregular; C. oppositum e R. macrocarpa, annual irregular; R. ucuquirana-branca, anual alternado e R. ulei foi muito irregular, tendo fruti ficado em apenas 2 anos. A irregularidade na frutificação, possivelmente, pode ser explicada pela predação dos frutos por animais, uma vez que são todos camosos e comestíveis. As espécies são perenifólias, com exceção de R. macrocarpa com tendência a ser semi-caducifólia durante a floração. A análise dos componentes principais demonstrou que as variáveis precipitação, umidade relativa e frutos maduros estão referidas à estação chuvosa, em oposição às variáveis insolação, evaporação e temperatura média que definiram a estação seca, onde se situaram a plena floração e folhas novas. E mostrada a Matriz de Correlações Lineares para as variáveis fenológicas e climáticas, e a análise fátorial de correspondência simples indicou que a precipitação teve a maior contribuição (40% da variação total), seguida da insolação (25%), plena floração (13%), folhas no-vas(9%), frutos maduros (8%), evaporação (5%), temperatura média (0%) e umidade relativa (0%).

Introducción: Colombia está expuesta simultáneamente a las enfermedades transmitidas por vectores como la Enfermedad de Chagas (ECHA), así como a la carga creciente de la enfermedad cardiovascular de origen aterosclerótico (ECV). Objetivo: Estudiar a través del ensamblaje de un estudio de cohorte de adultos jóvenes de Bucaramanga, el desarrollo de la ECHA y la ECV. Metodología: Se diseñó un estudio a partir de donantes de sangre con tamización serológica para T. cruzi. Se construyó una base de datos de donantes consecutivos con estatus positivo (T[+]) apareada (en relación 1:4, estratificada por banco y mes de donación) con donantes T[-]. Los participantes fueron clasificados por estado serológico y electrocardiograma y evaluados clínicamente (realizando pruebas adicionales de función cardiovascular a los T[+] y a una muestra aleatoria de T[-]). En los siguientes años se iniciaron ensayos clínicos en los participantes T[+] y mediciones repetidas en los T[-] para estudios de riesgo de ECV. Resultados: De 6,228 donantes (18 a 50 años de edad) registrados en la base (1997-2003), 2,130 donantes de sangre (edad media 36.4 [DE 8.4] años, 64.0% hombres, 73.4% residentes en los estratos 1-3, 486 T[+]) consintieron participar. El protocolo de contacto, seguimiento y recuperación de participantes ha logrado que se obtengan mediciones repetidas en al menos el 80% de los participantes. Conclusiones: CHICAMOCHA constituye un activo de valor social que aumenta las capacidades locales de investigación. Se requieren esfuerzos continuados para ensanchar sus posibilidades de formación de investigadores, g e n e r a c i ó n d e p r o d u c t o s d e c o n o c i m i e n t o y recomendaciones para el sistema de salud.[Villar JC, Herrera VM, Cháves-Neira AM, Martínez-Contreras LX, Villar-Centeno LA, Ardila E, Marcell-Vásquez S, Vásquez SM. “Cardiovascular Health Investigation and Collaboration to Assess the Markers and Outcomes of Chagas disease” (CHICAMOCHA): Concepto, métodos y características de una cohorte de donantes de sangre en Bucaramanga, Colombia. MedUNAB 2015; 18 (1): 14-26]

Zusammenfassung Tafeltrauben sind aus den Supermärkten bei uns nicht mehr wegzudenken. Zum Ende des Winters und Frühlingsbeginn – zu einer Zeit, in der noch keine frischen heimischen Früchte zur Verfügung stehen, ist Indien der Hauptlieferant. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, den Weg dieser Tafeltrauben aus Indien nach Bonn zurückzuverfolgen und seinen ökologischen CO2-Fußabdruck im Vergleich zu südafrikanischen Trauben zu ermitteln sowie Ansätze zu ihrer Minderung aufzuzeigen. Nach Herunterkühlen, Verpacken in PET Schalen und Transport der Tafeltrauben aus dem Hauptanbaugebiet Maharashtra in Mittelindien über 400 km nach Mumbai werden sie per Reefer-Containerschiff bei 0 °C über ca. 11.700 km (6317 Seemeilen) durch den Suezkanal nach Antwerpen verschifft, von dort per Kühl-Lkw ca. 235 km über das jeweilige Verteilungszentrum zum LEH gefahren, wo der Konsument sie mit seinem PKW erwirbt. Den größten Anteil am CO2-Fußabdruck vom Feld bis zum Verbraucher (B2C) von ca. 333 (297–379) g CO2eq/500 g-Schale Trauben hatte der Schiffstransport mit 108 (89–131) g CO2, gefolgt von der PET-Schale mit Deckel (mit Anlieferung innerhalb Indiens) mit ca. 66 g CO2eq/Schale und der Einkaufsfahrt des deutschen Verbrauchers (20 kg, 5 km) und damit Mitverantwortung des Konsumenten von ebenfalls ca. 66 g CO2eq/500 g Trauben, einem Einsparpotenzial neben der Verwendung von R‑PET Schalen, Folienbeuteln statt PET Schalen oder Kartons. Aufgrund des vergleichbaren Seewegs lag der CO2-Fußabdruck von Tafeltrauben aus Indien mit 333 g CO2eq in der gleichen Größenordnung wie Tafeltrauben aus Südafrika mit ca. 11.400 km (6155 Seemeilen) auf dem Reefer-Containerschiff und 309 (260–340) g CO2eq pro 500 g Schale.

<p>Presentación de los avances de investigación del proyecto <em>Exp</em><em>e</em><em>riencias d</em><em>e </em>comun'cccíón y <em>d</em><em>e</em><em>sa</em><em>r</em><em>r</em><em>o</em><em>ll</em><em>o sob</em><em>r</em><em>e med</em><em>i</em><em>o am</em><em>b</em><em>iente </em>en la <em>región An</em><em>d</em><em>i</em><em>na d</em><em>e </em><em>C</em><em>o</em><em>lombia </em>realizado por tres universidades colombianas "desde el análisis realizado a los estudios de caso que evidencian la incidencia de las comunidades en las políticas públicas locales y regionales y que son movilizadas desde los medios de comunicación.</p>

O processo urbano acelerado ao longo dos anos dentro da cidade de Manaus - AM acabou ocasionando substituição parcial da cobertura vegetal por ocupações irregulares. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar o tipo de cobertura vegetal presente no alto curso da bacia hidrográfica do igarapé do Mindu, localizado entre a zona norte e leste da área urbana de Manaus - Amazonas. A metodologia do trabalho baseou-se em três etapas: pré-campo realizada mediante técnicas de geoprocessamento para identificação da área de estudo via Qgis, monitoramento do trabalho de campo registrada por fotografias com auxílio do GPS (Global Position System), uso de VANT para adquirir imagens aéreas de alta resolução espacial, e o pós-campo resultando no processamentos das imagens e análise dos dados. Os resultados encontrados demostram concentração de espécies concentradas ao norte da bacia procurando identificar a distribuição e caracterização das espécies vegetais do tipo: Unidade de Conservação, Áreas Verdes, Fragmento Florestal, Área de Proteção Permanente (APP), Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) e Corredor Ecológico.Characterization of Vegetation Coverage in the Upper Course of the Igarapé do Mindu Basin - Manaus (AM)A B S T R A C TThe accelerated urban process over the years within the city of Manaus - AM eventually led to partial replacement of vegetation cover by irregular occupations. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyze the type of vegetation cover present in the upper reaches of the Mindu stream, located between the north and east of the urban area of Manaus - Amazonas. The methodology of the work was based on three steps: pre-field carried out by geoprocessing techniques to identify the study area via Qgis, fieldwork monitoring recorded by photographs with the aid of GPS (Global Position System), use of UAV for acquire high spatial resolution aerial images, and the postfield resulting in image processing and data analysis. The results show a concentration of species concentrated to the north of the basin, seeking to identify the distribution and characterization of plant species such as: Conservation Unit, Green Areas, Forest Fragment, Permanent Protection Area (APP), Environmental Protection Area (APA) and Ecological corridor.Keywords: radiation, net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, Caatinga, dry.

<p><span lang="EN-US">The<span> aim</span> <span>o</span>f this pap<span>e</span>r is to <span>i</span>ntrodu<span>c</span>esome<span> a</span>ppl<span>ic</span><span>a</span>t<span>i</span>ons on si<span>m</span>i<span>l</span><span>a</span>rities <span>a</span>nd dis<span>s</span>i<span>m</span>i<span>l</span><span>a</span>rities. Usingof asi<span>m</span>pl<span>i</span>fi<span>e</span>d d<span>i</span><span>a</span><span>g</span><span>r</span><span>a</span>m andtabl<span>e</span>s to present the information about thes<span>i</span>m<span>i</span>la<span>r</span>i<span>t</span>ies <span>a</span>nd dis<span>s</span>i<span>m</span>i<span>l</span><span>a</span>rities <span>acc</span>ount pro<span>ce</span>ss and o<span>r</span>g<span>a</span>ni<span>z</span><span>a</span>t<span>i</span>on <span>a</span><span>r</span>e<span> a</span>lso e<span>a</span><span>s</span>y<span>a</span>nd we<span>ca</span>lcu<span>l</span><span>a</span>ted thetopo<span>l</span>o<span>g</span>y b<span>a</span>s<span>e</span>d on the simi<span>l</span><span>a</span>ri<span>t</span>y<span>a</span>nd topo<span>l</span>o<span>g</span>yvie<span>w</span>s of thed<span>i</span>ss<span>i</span>m<span>i</span>la<span>r</span>i<span>t</span><span>y</span>.<span>F</span>orinfo<span>r</span><span>m</span><span>a</span>t<span>i</span>on <span>s</span><span>y</span>stem whose v<span>a</span>lues <span>a</span><span>r</span>enume<span>r</span>ic,am<span>e</span>thod of <span>c</span>lassifi<span>ca</span>t<span>i</span>on is sug<span>g</span><span>e</span>sted.This <span>m</span><span>e</span>thod <span>i</span>s bas<span>e</span>d on <span>c</span>onstru<span>c</span>t<span>i</span>ng<span>n</span><span>e</span><span>i</span><span>g</span>hbor<span>h</span><span>o</span>od r<span>e</span>lation on <span>t</span>heunive<span>r</span><span>s</span>eof the<span>r</span><span>e</span>sul<span>t</span><span>e</span>d <span>c</span>lassifi<span>c</span><span>a</span>t<span>i</span>on not <span>g</span><span>e</span><span>n</span><span>e</span>r<span>a</span>l<span>l</span>ya p<span>a</span>rtit<span>i</span>on f<span>o</span>r theunive<span>r</span>s<span>e</span>.</span></p>

Listado Póster Niveles séricos de 25 hidroxivitamina D en una cohorte de gestantes con y sin preeclampsia de la ciudad de Bogotá. Yessica Agudelo Zapata, Luis Miguel Maldonado Acosta, Héctor Fabio Sandoval Alzate, Natalia Elvira Poveda, María Fernanda Garcés, Jonathan Alexander Cortés Vásquez, Andrés Felipe Linares Vaca, Carlos Alejandro Mancera Rodríguez, Shahar Alexandra Perea Ariza, Karen Yuliana Ramírez Iriarte, Camilo Andrés Castro Saldarriaga, Juan Manuel Arteaga Díaz, Roberto Franco Vega, Edith Ángel Müller, Arturo José Parada Baños y Jorge E. Caminos. Póster Determinantes hormonales y biquímicos de la densidad mineral ósea en hombres no diabéticos. Romero MC, Martínez LA, Pulido JC, Rincón JD, Roncancio JS, Alzate JP, Arteaga JM, Franco R, Maldonado LM, Caminos JE. Póster Utilidad del FRaX® de población colombiana dentro del algoritmo de diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteoporosis en el II Consenso Colombiano de osteoporosis. Medina, Rosero O, Rueda Plata P, Sánchez Escobar F, Chalem Choueka M, González MA,. Román A, Terront A, Páez A, Rueda C, Builes CA, Pérez C, Fernández Ávila DG Vásquez, D, González D, Pinilla E, Reina E, Vásquez EM, Vargas F, Linares F, Altamar G, Molina GA, Pineda GA, Arenas HM, Vélez JA, Molina JF, Jaller JJ, Londoño R, Clark P, Angulo O, Molina CF. Póster Vitamina D y dislipidemias en mujeres mayores de 50 años en los municipios de Baranoa y Sabanalarga, Atlántico. Becerra JE, Sarmiento Rubiano L, Rebolledo Cobos R, Suárez Dávila H, Sánchez L. Póster Estudio retrospectivo-prospectivo observacional en la vida real del tratamiento con denosumab en pacientes mexicanas (base de datos ROSEMARY). Cons M. Fidencio Jasqui Salomón, Salinas Carlos, Macias Amador, Zarain Alfonso, Reza Albarrán AA, Peña Hugo, Morales Jorge, Balcázar José Luis, Elizondo Jaime, De la Peña Pilar. Póster Relevancia de la nacionalidad para la determinación del riesgo de fracturas según FRaX®. Jasqui Bucay A, Jasqui Bucay A, Jasqui Romano S. Póster Vitamin D status and effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25oHD) serum levels on the risk of fractures in the teriparatide versus risedronate vero clinical trial. Minisola S, Marin F, Kendler DL, Geusens P, Zerbini C, Russo L, Greenspan SL, Casado E, Fahrleitner- Pammer A, Stepan JJ, Lespessailles E, Moericke R, Bagur A, Lakatos P, López-Romero P, Body JJ. Póster Study design and baseline characteristics of the population enrolled in a multinational, observational study of teriparatide (alafos). Chen CH, Alsalmawy A, Ish-Shalom S, Lim SJ, Al- Ali N, Cunha Borges JL, Yang H, Casas N, Altan L, Moll T, Gurbuz S, Brnabic AJM, Marin F Póster Manejo subóptimo de fracturas por fragilidad en servicio de traumatología del Hospital Regional de antofagasta 2015-2016. Zapata Pizarro A, Alvarado Villarroel J, Leppes Jenkis F. Póster Cultivos primarios, una aproximación experimental para el estudio del desarrollo osteogénico. Soria AM, Pustovrh MC, Salazar L, Ortiz M, Valencia C. Póster Composición corporal, densidad mineral ósea y fuerza muscular en transgénero mujer y hombre previo al tratamiento cruzado (THC). Abdala R; *Nagelberg A; Zanchetta MB; Silveira F. Póster Calcificación de arterias coronarias en una paciente con hiperparatiroidismo secundario y falla renal crónica. Castellanos R, Vesga B, Isaza JR, Hoyos K.

Zusammenfassung Ziel In der vorliegenden Studie sollte unter-sucht werden, ob telemedizinische Anwen-dungen in die Therapie von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas einbezogen werden können. Patienten und Methoden Insgesamt 124 Kinder und Jugendliche (Alter 13,5 ±2,8 Jahre, BMI 31,3 ±5,2 kg/m2, BMI-SDS 2,50 ±0,5), die zur Teilnahme an einem strukturierten Be-handlungs- und Schulungsprogramm (SBSP) zur Gewichtsreduktion eingewiesen worden waren, wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Die körperliche Aktivität, Ruhe und das Essen wurden mit mobilen Erfassungssystemen (MoSeBo/DiaTrace) aufgenommen. Ergebnisse Während der Teilnahme am SBSP erzielten die Kinder und Jugendlichen eine Gewichtsreduktion um 7,1 ±3,0 kg. Der BMI/ BMI-SDS sank von 31,3 ±5,2 kg/m2 /2,50 ±0,50 auf 28,7 ±4,9 kg/m2 (p<0,001) /2,15 ±0,57 (p<0,001). Über einen Zeitraum von 1 bis 4 Tagen pro Patient wurden die Intensität (14,1 ±6,4 activity units) und die Dauer körperlicher Aktivität (290,4 ±92,6 min/d) mittels MoSeBo/DiaTrace analysiert. Gehen umfasste einen Zeitraum von 45,5 (2,5–206,5) min/d, Laufen 8,0 (0–39,5) min/d, Fahrradfahren 27,7 (0–72,5) min/d und Auto-fahren 23,7 (0–83,0) min/d. Im Vergleich zur subjektiven Selbsteinschätzung ergaben sich hier erhebliche Abweichungen (Selbsteinschät-zung: Gehen 292,9, Laufen 84,8 min/d, p<0,001). Im Allgemeinen schätzten die Kinder und Jugendlichen ihre körperliche Aktivität we-sentlich länger und intensiver ein, als sie objektiv gemessen wurde. Im Vergleich nahmen die Kinder/Jugendlichen mehr Kalorien zu sich, als gemäß des SBSP vorgegeben waren (p=0,085). In der multivariaten Analyse zeigten folgende Parameter die wichtigsten Assoziationen zur Gewichtsreduktion (R-square=0,751): Körper-gewicht zu Beginn der Studie (β=-0,952, p<0,001), C-reaktives Protein (β=0,147, p=0,065), körperliche Aktivität, die objektiv mittels MoSeBo/DiaTrace bestimmt worden war (β=-0,181, p=0,044) und Stressmanagement – soziale Unterstützung (β=0,164, p=0,055). Schlussfolgerungen Teletechnologie, bestehend aus einem System zur objektiven Bewe-gungserfassung wird von Kindern und Jugend-lichen mit Übergewicht und Adipositas sehr gut akzeptiert. Eine Therapie zur Gewichtsreduktion und –Stabilisation kann so sinnvoll unter-stützt werden.

An action (γ, α) of a locally compact group G on a Hilbert pro-C∗-bimodule (X, A) induces an action γ × α of G on A ×X Z the crossed product of A by X. We show that if (γ, α) is an inverse limit action, then the crossed product of A ×α G by X ×γ G respectively of A ×α,r G by X ×γ,r G is isomorphic to the full crossed product of A ×X Z by γ × α respectively the reduced crossed product of A ×X Z by γ × α.

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción y necesidades de la población usuaria de los servicios de la Secretaría de Salud en 7 municipios de la región de la Montaña del estado mexicano de Guerrer o (Alcozauc a de Guerrer o, Acatepec , Malinaltepec , Olinalá, Tlacoapa, Tlapa de Comonf ort y Xochihuehuetlán) . Material y Métodos : Se realizó una investigación cualitativa bajo un mues treo no probalística por cuotas ( 50 familias) de acuerdo a la clasificación económica de las clases sociales . En cada uno de los 7 municipios , se seleccionaron 35 familias de bajo nivel económico , 10 de mediano nivel y 5 de alto nivel económico. De las 50 familias selec cionadas , 45 fuer on de la c abec er a m unic ipal y 5 de alguna de las pr inc ipales c o m unidades del municipio. La recolección de la inf o r m ac ión s e r ealizó durante los m e s e s de oc tubr e a dic iem br e del 2002 m ediante la aplic ac ión de un c ues tionar io y la r ealizac ión de 49 s es iones con grupos f ocales ( un total de 376 participantes con un prom edio de 7 grupos en cada municipio) . Resultados: Los us uar ios de los s er vic ios de s alud r epor tan de m aner a r eiter ada un tr ato no adec uado hac ia ellos por par te del per s onal de los Hos pitales Com unitar ios ( HC) , as í c om o pos ibles negligenc ias c o m e tidas en s u s per s onas o s u s f a m iliar e s . Los us uar ios reportan que hacen f alta m dicamentos y personal espec ializado; asimismo se detec tó que los us uar ios des conoc en en s u m ayor í a los s er vic ios que pr es ta el HC, no c onoc en a los pr es tador es del s er vic io. T am bién, que en un por c entaj e im por tante no s on c ons c ientes de la autor r es pons abilidad en el c uidado de s u s alud; ni s aben c óm o ayudar a m ej or ar el s er vic io, a no s er pr otes tando y dem andando ante las autor idades m unic ipales . Por par te de des, en las cuales se sienten devaluados y distanciados de sus familias. La mayoría de los habitantes están enfrentándose constantemente a situaciones estresantes que los predispone a reaccionar de manera agresiva o apática ante cualquier eventualidad; asimismo la deficiente socialización y la falta de habilidades para expresar emociones de manera sana, condiciona en ellos un carácter “duro”, que es fortalecido por las deficientes condiciones económicas, educativas y en salud. En este “ambiente humano” es fácil explicar la existencia de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias e intestinales, así como parasitosis, intoxicación por picadura de alacrán, traumatismos y envenenamientos, neumonías y bronconeumonías con tasas elevadas de desnutrición y de mortalidad infantil y materna. Este es el usuario que se resiste a asistir al hospital, el cual no tolera un “mal trato”, que ante la más pequeña falta de atención sienten que le están faltando al respeto, no tolera esperar un minuto para que se le atienda, ni quiere hacerse responsable de su salud. En fin, es quien demanda, desea sancionar, cuestiona y casi nunca propone, y cuando propone, no sabe la manera de comprometerse de manera responsable para participar en la solución de la problemática, a la cual él mismo contribuye con sus actos cotidianos. La mayoría de los prestadores reaccionan de manera emocional, no asertiva ante las exigencias de los usuarios, incrementándose la brecha de comunicación y falta de respeto entre ellos. Las carencias de instrumental, medicamentos que han tenido los HC, así como la inconformidad por la vida y los problemas de relaciones interpersonales hacen que los prestadores del servicio, no posean la tolerancia, el respeto adecuado, o la habilidad para atender de manera eficiente y con calidez a los usuarios. Conclusiones: Es necesario no sólo volver atractivo el servicio de los HC, y lograr que los usuarios hagan uso de él, sino que también se deben de mejorar sus características psicosociales mediante actividades que ya no refuercen la inmadurez y la dependencia de los usuarios, sino que aumenten su responsabilidad por la conservación de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad para que aumente el nivel de autorresponsabilidad por el cuidado de su salud. Asimismo los prestadores del servicio necesitan mejorar sus habilidades para establecer una empatía adecuada con los usuarios, esto, mediante el aprendizaje o mejoramiento de herramientas adecuadas, incluyendo mejores niveles de autoestima, y la puesta en práctica de las condiciones mínimas de convivencia sana entre el personal de salud y con los usuarios.

Objetivo: Conocer la percepción y necesidades de la población usuaria de los servicios de la Secretaría de Salud en 7 municipios de la región de la Montaña del estado mexicano de Guerrer o (Alcozauc a de Guerrer o, Acatepec , Malinaltepec , Olinalá, Tlacoapa, Tlapa de Comonf ort y Xochihuehuetlán) . Material y Métodos : Se realizó una investigación cualitativa bajo un mues treo no probalística por cuotas ( 50 familias) de acuerdo a la clasificación económica de las clases sociales . En cada uno de los 7 municipios , se seleccionaron 35 familias de bajo nivel económico , 10 de mediano nivel y 5 de alto nivel económico. De las 50 familias selec cionadas , 45 fuer on de la c abec er a m unic ipal y 5 de alguna de las pr inc ipales c o m unidades del municipio. La recolección de la inf o r m ac ión s e r ealizó durante los m e s e s de oc tubr e a dic iem br e del 2002 m ediante la aplic ac ión de un c ues tionar io y la r ealizac ión de 49 s es iones con grupos f ocales ( un total de 376 participantes con un prom edio de 7 grupos en cada municipio) . Resultados: Los us uar ios de los s er vic ios de s alud r epor tan de m aner a r eiter ada un tr ato no adec uado hac ia ellos por par te del per s onal de los Hos pitales Com unitar ios ( HC) , as í c om o pos ibles negligenc ias c o m e tidas en s u s per s onas o s u s f a m iliar e s . Los us uar ios reportan que hacen f alta m dicamentos y personal espec ializado; asimismo se detec tó que los us uar ios des conoc en en s u m ayor í a los s er vic ios que pr es ta el HC, no c onoc en a los pr es tador es del s er vic io. T am bién, que en un por c entaj e im por tante no s on c ons c ientes de la autor r es pons abilidad en el c uidado de s u s alud; ni s aben c óm o ayudar a m ej or ar el s er vic io, a no s er pr otes tando y dem andando ante las autor idades m unic ipales . Por par te de des, en las cuales se sienten devaluados y distanciados de sus familias. La mayoría de los habitantes están enfrentándose constantemente a situaciones estresantes que los predispone a reaccionar de manera agresiva o apática ante cualquier eventualidad; asimismo la deficiente socialización y la falta de habilidades para expresar emociones de manera sana, condiciona en ellos un carácter “duro”, que es fortalecido por las deficientes condiciones económicas, educativas y en salud. En este “ambiente humano” es fácil explicar la existencia de enfermedades infecciosas respiratorias e intestinales, así como parasitosis, intoxicación por picadura de alacrán, traumatismos y envenenamientos, neumonías y bronconeumonías con tasas elevadas de desnutrición y de mortalidad infantil y materna. Este es el usuario que se resiste a asistir al hospital, el cual no tolera un “mal trato”, que ante la más pequeña falta de atención sienten que le están faltando al respeto, no tolera esperar un minuto para que se le atienda, ni quiere hacerse responsable de su salud. En fin, es quien demanda, desea sancionar, cuestiona y casi nunca propone, y cuando propone, no sabe la manera de comprometerse de manera responsable para participar en la solución de la problemática, a la cual él mismo contribuye con sus actos cotidianos. La mayoría de los prestadores reaccionan de manera emocional, no asertiva ante las exigencias de los usuarios, incrementándose la brecha de comunicación y falta de respeto entre ellos. Las carencias de instrumental, medicamentos que han tenido los HC, así como la inconformidad por la vida y los problemas de relaciones interpersonales hacen que los prestadores del servicio, no posean la tolerancia, el respeto adecuado, o la habilidad para atender de manera eficiente y con calidez a los usuarios. Conclusiones: Es necesario no sólo volver atractivo el servicio de los HC, y lograr que los usuarios hagan uso de él, sino que también se deben de mejorar sus características psicosociales mediante actividades que ya no refuercen la inmadurez y la dependencia de los usuarios, sino que aumenten su responsabilidad por la conservación de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad para que aumente el nivel de autorresponsabilidad por el cuidado de su salud. Asimismo los prestadores del servicio necesitan mejorar sus habilidades para establecer una empatía adecuada con los usuarios, esto, mediante el aprendizaje o mejoramiento de herramientas adecuadas, incluyendo mejores niveles de autoestima, y la puesta en práctica de las condiciones mínimas de convivencia sana entre el personal de salud y con los usuarios.

Listado Apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein C-III-defined HDL Subspecies differ in their lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase and cholesterol-ester transfer protein content and activity. Amaya-Montoya M, Pinzón-Cortés JA, Silva-Bermúdez LS, Ruiz-Manco D, Pérez-Matos MC, Mendivil CO Efecto del uso de metformina sobre el perfil tiroideo en pacientes con síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. Cano RA, Agostini MI, Corzo GA, Cano C, Figueroa L. Características epidemiológicas y clínicas de una cohorte de adultos con cetoacidosis diabética atendidos en un hospital universitario de Colombia. Estudio CAD-EPI. MANIPURA Diagnóstico prenatal de inversión pericéntrica del cromosoma 9 y su asociación con enfermedades metabólicas. Usta C, Torres C, Gómez M, Lynett D, Fernández I, Celis LG. Estrategias para el control del sobrepeso y prevención de la obesidad en la población escolar: una revisión narrativa. Amador E., Montealegre L. Asociación entre variantes en el gen del receptor 1 de adiponectina (ADIPOR1) con diabetes e hipertrigliceridemia en adultos del caribe colombiano. Ruiz Díaz MS, Mora García GJ, Espitia F, Flórez D, Gómez Camargo DE Control glucémico en pacientes hospitalizados en sala general con hiperglucemia en tratamiento con insulinoterapia: situación actual de una clínica de cuarto nivel de atención en el oriente colombiano. Hernández BM, Sánchez ML, Parra GA Estudio de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas, factores de riesgo cardiovascular en escolares. Abordaje desde la medicina traslacional. Celis LG, Russi A, Mendieta Zerón H, Ayala J, Giratá V y Almonacid C. Factores de riesgo para hipertensión arterial en el área rural de Quingeo, Ecuador, 2016. Rina Ortiz, Maritza Torres, Susana Peña, Roberto Añez, Valmore Bermúdez Hemoglobina glucosilada no contribuye al diagnóstico de DM2 y prediabetes en la población colombiana. DIOGENES DE SINOPE II Consenso Latinoamericano de Obesidad. 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Manejo de hiperglucemia inducida por esteroides con esquema de insulina NPH en pacientes diabéticos hospitalizados en una unidad de hemato-oncología: resultados de una cohorte prospectiva. Parra GA, Velandia CA, Rodríguez, JD, Ojeda JD, Pérez YT, Osma OO. Prevalencia y factores asociados a la obesidad en el área rural de Cumbe, Ecuador, 2016. Torres M., Ortiz R., Añez R., Delgado F., Bermúdez V., Peña Susana Proyecto PREDICOL: programa de atención en salud comunitaria para la prevención de diabetes tipo 2 y otros factores de riesgo en personas adultas desde atención primaria en los distritos de Barranquilla y Bogotá, 2017-2019. Acosta T., Aschner P., Acosta J., Carvajal L., Navarro E. Proteoma de tejido adiposo subcutáneo en individuos con obesidad, antes y después de cirugía bariátrica. Moreno N.R, Vázquez-Martínez R. y Malagón M.M. Puede ayudar la actividad física al control de la diabetes mellitus: revisión de la evidencia. Lara G. Reducción de la variabilidad glucémica (VG) a las 12 de semanas de tratamiento con insulina Degludec (IDeg) en individuos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) y tipo 2 (DM2) con hipoglucemia medida por monitoreo continuo de glucosa (MCG) retrospectivo. Henao D, Gómez AM, Muñoz O, Rondón M, Colon C, Chica L, Rubio C, León F. Respuesta cardiopulmonar y glucémica en pacientes diabéticos en posquirúrgico cardiovascular luego de un programa de entrenamiento aeróbico interválico. JP Aspectos demográficos de una muestra de pacientes colombianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Diana Clobeth Sarrazola Yepes, Natalia Gómez-Lopera, Jorge García, María Victoria Lopera, Martín Toro, Alejandra Vélez, Juan Manuel Alfaro y Nicolás Pineda-Trujillo Síndrome metabólico en pacientes en posquirúrgico cardiovascular. Pereira JE; Pereira R; Boada L; Peñaranda D. Diferencias en las relaciones entre las masas mineral, magra y grasa del cuerpo entero en 600 hombres y mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas colombianas de hábitos urbanos o rurales. Cure Cure C MD, Ferretti J L, Cure P, López Jaramillo JP, Nocciolino L, Luscher S, Capozza R. Una variante en el gen RNASEH1 interactúa con tagSNPs de HLA en familias colombianas con diabetes mellitus tipo 1. Gómez-Lopera N., Sarrazola Yepes D., Toro M., Lopera M., Alfaro J-M., Pineda-Trujillo N. Variabilidad glucémica asociada a lipohipertrofia en paciente con uso de bomba de infusión de insulina con suspensión automática en hipoglucemia. Reporte de caso. Parra GA, Aristizábal SM

La actividad agrícola en la región de Piura, es una actividad fundamental para su desarrollo, la implementación de pronósticos es una herramienta útil para los agentes económicos para una planificación y toma de decisiones acertadas. En el estudio interesan dos resultados, el primero identificar, estimar y validar un modelo ajustado para pronosticar la producción de plátano y el segundo realizar el pronóstico de la producción de plátano para el periodo de octubre de 2020 hasta octubre de 2022. Para concretizar los objetivos se realizó el análisis univariante con la metodología de Box y Jenkins. Los datos provienen del Banco Central de Reserva del Perú, se consideraron datos mensuales desde julio de 2000 hasta septiembre de 2020. Luego del cumplimiento de los supuestos, el mejor modelo ajustado para representar la producción del plátano y realizar pronósticos es un modelo autorregresivo integrado de promedio móvil o ARIMA. 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Listado Póster Déficit de vitamina B12 en pacientes con uso crónico de metformina. Prevalencia y factores asociados. Alvarez M, Rincón O. Póster Síndrome glucagonoma: reporte de un caso. Álvarez M, Almánzar A, Sanabria F, Zárate L, Meneses G, Velásquez L. Póster Factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de hipoglucemia en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Gómez AM, Pérez-Cely JA, Muñoz-Velandia OM, Fuentes-Castillo OE , Rendón-García NA, Sanko- Posada AA, Robledo-Gómez MA. Póster Subestimación de la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en el Caribe colombiano. ¿La “regla de las dos mitades” en diabetes mellitus es aún válida? Miranda Machado P., Salcedo Mejía F., Alvis Guzmán N., De la Hoz Restrepo F. Póster Caracterización de pacientes de 6-16 años con riesgo de obesidad y sobrepeso en una consulta de endocrinología pediátrica en la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Mirey Siuffi Póster Alteración de conductas alimentarias asociadas con obesidad y parámetros bioquímicos en estudiantes universitarios. Guzmán Flores JM, Ramírez De los Santos S, López Pulido EI, Gonzáles Sánchez GD, Castellanos Gallegos LG, Barajas Pérez LP, Becerra Hurtado J, Rivas Delgado ME. Póster Espectro clínico y radiológico del síndrome de corea-balismo asociado a hiperglucemia: Revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Gómez Ochoa SA, Espín Chico BB, Téllez Mosquera LE. Póster Hormona luteinizante, obesidad y alteraciones bioquímicas y hormonales en el síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Cruz J, García L, Cabrera M, Monteagudo G, Yanes M, González T. Póster Uso de la tasa metabólica en reposo en la consulta externa de endocrinología en Colombia. Rosero O, F. Póster Factores pronósticos de evolución en la cetoacidosis diabética. González TM, Cruz J, Conesa AI Póster Prevalencia y resultados del embarazo de diabetes gestacional en Cuba, 2008-2016. Cruz J, Lang J, Hernández P, Conesa AI, Padilla L, Márquez A. Póster Complicaciones vasculares y neuropáticas en la prediabetes. Conesa AI, González TM, Cruz J. Póster Factores de riesgo cardiovascular y su relación con los niveles séricos de lecitín colesterol acil transferasa en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Rebolledo Cobos R, Becerra Enríquez J, Suárez Rodríguez A y Sarmiento Rubiano L. Póster Atención preconcepcional y resultados del embarazo de diabetes pregestacional en Cuba, 2008-2016. Cruz J, Lang J, Hernández P, Conesa AI, Iglesias I, Márquez A. Póster El consumo del agraz colombiano vaccinium meridionale Swartz tiene un efecto positivo en marcadores del síndrome metabólico en mujeres sin dislipidemia aterogénica. Espinosa J, Marín C, Galvis Y, Aristizábal JC, Núñez V, Ciro G, Barona J. Póster Niveles saludables de fuerza muscular se asocian con menor riesgo cardiometabólico en universitarios con sobrepeso, pero no en sus contrapartes con obesidad moderada y/o severa. Ramírez Vélez R, Correa Bautista JE, García Hermoso A, Izquierdo M Póster Impacto del ejercicio de alto rendimiento y la ingesta calórica sobre la composición corporal y crecimiento en infantes. Jaramillo AM, Rosero RJ, Cossio I, Palacio JI. Póster Tasa metabólica basal en una población de mujeres con obesidad y/o sobrepeso que asisten a consulta de endocrinología en Villavicencio. Francisco Rosero O, Pantoja D. Póster Sobrepeso, obesidad y resistencia a la insulina en un grupo de mujeres posmenopáusicas del Departamento del atlántico. Sarmiento-Rubiano L, Becerra- J. E, Rebolledo-Cobos R, Angarita J, Suárez-Marenco M. Póster Prevalencia y nivel de correlación entre la neuropatía diabética periférica y sus factores de riesgo en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 del Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz. Erazo LN, Martínez JE, Meneses A. Póster Reporte de caso: resistencia a la insulina tipo B. Gómez A, Gómez C, Imitola A, Leguizamón G Frecuencia de síndrome metabólico en mujeres posmenopáusicas de cuatro municipios del departamento del atlántico, Colombia. Suárez Marenco M, Rebolledo-Cobos R, Becerra Enríquez J y Sarmiento Rubiano L. Póster Intentos para perder peso en una población con sobrepeso y obesidad referida a un centro de endocrinología en Colombia. Marín Carrillo LF, Ardila MA, Serrano-Gómez SE, Wandurraga EA Póster Niveles de IGF-1, variables hormonales y metabólicas en hombres obesos con síndrome metabólico comparados con obesos sin síndrome metabólico y hombres sanos con peso normal. Bernal MA, Romero MC, Alzate JP, Caminos E, Franco R. Póster Fenotipo clínico cintura hipertensión y su relación con otros factores cardiometabólicos. Cabrera-Rode E, del Carmen Borja A, Montes de Oca Somoano R, Cubas-Dueñas I, Rodríguez Acosta J, Arnold Domínguez Y, Hernández Rodríguez J, Díaz Díaz D. Póster Correlación entre el índice de masa corporal y densidad mineral ósea en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Jasqui Bucay A, Jasqui Romano S. Póster Factores que inciden en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de pacientes con diabetes mellitus. Amador E, Navarro G, Parody A y Montealegre L. Póster Determinación de niveles de glucemia y su asociación con obesidad como factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en niños del Colegio Policarpa Salavarrieta (IED) en Bogotá. Moscoso JM, Méndez WA, Sierra LV, Tello KA. Póster Factores sociodemográficos y estilos de vida relacionados con el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 en población adulta del barrio Las Flores, Barranquilla, Colombia. Rodríguez M, Mendoza MD. Póster Efectos del consumo del agraz colombiano (vaccinium meridionale swartz) en el perímetro abdominal y la resistencia a la insulina entre hombres y mujeres con síndrome metabólico. Galvis Y, Núñez V, Aristizábal J, Fernández ML, Barona J. Póster Efectos del agraz en inflamación y obesidad abdominal entre hombres y mujeres con síndrome metabólico. Galvis Y, Aristizábal J, Núñez V, Fernández ML, Barona J, Marín Echeverri C. Póster Análisis retrospectivo de datos reales de pacientes colombianos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 tratados con exenatida. Romero ME, Buendía R, Navarrera A, Huérfano LM, Molano M, Romero Y, Vargas M. Póster Comparación de un modelo matemático con el simulador UVa/Padova en relación con el comportamiento de la glucemia en pacientes con DM1. Ramírez Rincón A. Rivadeneira PS, González A. Builes CE. Pizza Restrepo MJ. Póster Caracterización nutricional y antropométrica en una población en edad escolar de un centro educativo de Bogotá. Celis LG, Russi A, Munar LA, Lynett D Póster Caracterización genética de una familia colombiana que presenta obesidad mórbida. Yupanqui H, Yupanqui ME , Álvarez M , Restrepo C, Medina E, García A, Giraldo A , Arias A, Torres C y Celis LG. Póster Hemicorea–hemibalismo secundario a cetoacidosis diabética como presentación inicial de diabetes mellitus. García C.A., Ramírez R. Póster Variables psicológicas asociadas a cronicidad y complicaciones en pacientes con diabetes mellitus 2. Quiñones AT, Ugarte CA, Chávez CC y Mañalich JJ. Póster Caracterización de individuos con riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2 en la ciudad de Puyo, Ecuador. Espin BB, Mora E Póster Corea de larga duración asociada a hiperglucemia no cetósica en una paciente de etnia indígena. Espín BB, Altamirano A, Proaño SA. Póster Modelo semifísico de base fenomenológica del papel del intestino delgado en la homeostasis de la glucosa en humanos. Lema L, Builes CE, García JF, Ramírez A, Álvarez H. Póster Comparación de la infección urinaria en diabéticos, con otro tipo de infección urinaria complicada, en un hospital de tercer nivel en la ciudad de Barranquilla. Guevara E., González M., Maldonado N., Beltrán C., Osorio E., Patiño J. Póster Espectro clínico y radiológico del síndrome de corea-balismo asociado a hiperglucemia: revisión sistemática y metanálisis. Gómez Ochoa SA, Espín Chico BB, Pinilla Monsalve GD, Téllez Mosquera LE. Póster Interacción génica entre IRX3 y FTO asociada a exceso de peso y alteraciones metabólicas en adultos del Caribe colombiano. Mena Yi D, Ruiz Díaz MS, Gómez Camargo D, Mora García G. Póster Predictores de hipoglucemia en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e historia de hipoglucemia. Gómez AM, Henao DC, Parra DA, Robledo MA, Rebolledo M, Muñoz OM, Rondón M, García- Jaramillo M y León-Vargas F. Póster Prevalencia de obesidad abdominal en una población colombiana. Bolívar A, Rodríguez K, Vesga BE, Vera LM. Póster Implementación práctica de un modelo matemático de predicción de glucemia pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en terapia funcional de insulina. Ramírez Rincón A. Rivadeneira PS, González A, Builes CE y Pizza Restrepo MJ. Póster Factores asociados con alta variabilidad glucémica definida por coeficiente de variación en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y alto riesgo de hipoglucemia. Gómez AM, Henao DC, Rondón M, Muñoz OM, Taboada L, Sanko A, García-Jaramillo M y León- Vargas F. Póster Experiencia en el manejo de pacientes con insulinoma: una serie de casos. Guzmán GE, Victoria AM, Candelo KD, Arguello P, Feriz KM, Casas LA, Arango LG, López A y Martínez V. Póster Correlación de la tasa de filtración glomerular medida versus calculada en obesos. Buenaventura DC, Martínez V, Durán CE, Escalante M, Martínez MF, Maldonado A, Pacheco R, Guzmán GE. Póster Aplicación del “modelo para el estudio de hipersensibilidad a medicamentos basado en bucilamina y el alelo HLa-DRB1*08:02 en poblaciones amerindias colombianas” para demostrar la relación entre la expresión de alelos HLa específicos y la hipersensibilidad a la insulinoterapia. Botero AC, Parga CH, Peñaranda N, Santodomingo NE.

Background: Stress and depression are known to contribute to coronary artery disease (CAD) with catecholamines (CA), altering the balance to a pro- and anti-inflammatory stetting and potentially playing a key role in the underlying pathophysiology. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of social stress on the CA system and inflammation markers in patients suffering from CAD and depression. Methods: 93 subjects were exposed to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). Based on the results of the depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, German Version) and the presence/absence of CAD, they were divided into four groups. A total of 21 patients suffered from CAD and depression (+D+CAD), 26 suffered from CAD alone (−D+CAD), and 23 suffered from depression only (+D−CAD); another 23 subjects served as healthy controls (−D−CAD). Subjects were registered at 09:00 AM at the laboratory. A peripheral venous catheter was inserted, and after a 60-min-resting period, the TSST was applied. Prior to and 5, 15, 30, and 60 min after the stress test, plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine concentrations (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)) were measured together with the inflammation markers interleukin-6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1). High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)) was measured prior to TSST. Results: (+D−CAD) and (+D+CAD) patients showed significantly lower epinephrine and dopamine levels compared to the (−D+CAD) and (−D−CAD) participants at baseline (prior to TSST). Over the whole measurement period after the TSST, no inter-group difference was detected. Partial correlation (controlling for age, gender and Body Mass Index (BMI)) revealed a significant direct relation between MCP-1 and norepinephrine (r = 0.47, p = 0.03) and MCP-1 and epinephrine (r = 0.46, p = 0.04) in patients with −D+CAD at rest. Conclusions: The stress response of the CA system was not affected by depression or CAD, whereas at baseline we detected a depression-related reduction of epinephrine and dopamine release independent of CAD comorbidity. Reduced norepinephrine and dopamine secretion in the central nervous system in depression, known as ‘CA-deficit hypothesis’, are targets of antidepressant drugs. Our results point towards a CA-deficit in the peripheral nervous system in line with CA-deficit of the central nervous system and CA exhaustion in depression. This might explain somatic symptoms such as constipation, stomach pain, diarrhoea, sweating, tremor, and the influence of depression on the outcome of somatic illness such as CAD.

Listado Póster Volumen tiroideo en embarazadas sanas del municipio Plaza, La Habana, Cuba, 2015-2017. Leal Curí L, Jequín Savariego ME, Turcios Tristá SE, Domínguez Alonso E, Hernández Solarte L, Bina Konaré D, Robles Torres E. Póster Tiroiditis de Riedel: reporte de dos casos. Guzmán GE, Blanco VM, Páez CA, Arango LG, Arrunátegui AM, Escobar J. Martínez V, Victoria AM. Póster Coma mixedematoso como causa de alteración multisistémica. Hernández Celis A, Santamaría Alza Y. Póster Debut de hipertiroidismo con parálisis periódica hipopotasiémica, una presentación poco convencional. Hoyos K, Arenas LD, Jerez KA. Póster Manejo definitivo de tiroiditis subaguda no dolorosa recurrente en paciente masculino. Gómez CM, Kattah L, Taboada L. Póster Resistencia a hormonas tiroideas: a propósito de un caso. Cárdenas O, Mendoza P, Herrera C. Póster Autoinmunidad tiroidea en individuos eutiroideos. Rodríguez Y, Monsalve DM, Pacheco Y, Acosta Y, Rojas M, Molano N, Ramírez C, Anaya JM. Póster Enfrentamiento clínico ante reporte citológico de nódulo tiroideo Bethesda III. Rivera SR, Aguilera CE, Bravo TJ, Jobet E, Alarcón MV, Capetillo M, Rojas MF, Gabler F, Vargas J, Manriquez M, Rivera M, Díaz I. Póster Guía ATA 2015 de nódulo tiroideo: ¿Los estudiantes de último año las utilizan correctamente? Sanabria A. Póster Bacteriemia por Klebsiella pneumoniae BLEA, en paciente con agranulocitosis inducida por metimazol. Fuentes C, Cuervo M, Mora J, López V. Oviedo P. Póster Experiencia en manejo expectante de cáncer de tiroides. Cohorte individual. Sanabria A. Póster Relación entre agranulocitosis secundaria a metimazol y HLA. Castellanos R, Rincón B, Herrera G, Hoyos K. Póster Coma mixedematoso: diagnóstico infrecuente de alteración del sensorio. Reporte de caso. Borre Naranjo DP, Rodríguez Yánez T, Dueñas Castell CR. Póster Características operativas de la biopsia por congelación en neoplasia folicular de tiroides. Revisión sistemática. Grisales J, Sanabria A. Póster Caracterización epidemiológica, demográfica, clínica e histopatológica de pacientes con cáncer de tiroides en el hospital Eugenio Espejo, Quito, Ecuador 2015-2017. Salazar Vega JL, Solís Pazmiño AP, Acosta W. Póster Hipertiroidismo: experiencias en un centro de referencia del sur de Colombia. Ramírez Ramos CF; Salamanca Montilla JF; Losada Ramos MM; Rivera Marín JD; Peralta Agudelo M; Galindo Dávila JD; Pinzón Tovar A. Póster Importancia pronóstica de las márgenes microscópicas en cáncer de tiroides. Revisión sistemática. Sanabria A, Rojas A, Arévalo J, Kowalski L. Póster ¿Se debe usar reposición rutinaria de calcio + calcitriol en el posoperatorio de tiroidectomía total? Revisión sistemática. Sanabria A, Rojas A, Arévalo J. Póster Plasmaféresis como terapia puente a tiroidectomía de urgencia en tormenta tiroidea refractaria al manejo médico. Bolívar A, Rodríguez K, García J, Urrego JC, Castellanos R. Póster Factores asociados a histopatología final benigna en pacientes sometidos a tiroidectomía con biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina con resultado Bethesda en IV-V-VI en Hospital de San José. Rivera MC, Mejía G, Bonilla J, Melo, Rojas W. Póster Relación de los niveles preoperatorios de hormona estimulante del tiroides y el carcinoma papilar de tiroides. Adalberto Luis Infante Amorós Póster Eficacia y seguridad de ablación por radiofrecuencia (RF) para nódulos tiroideos benignos: estudio en Instituto Endocare, primeros hallazgos. Hernandez Triana Eric, Forero Cuellar Mauricio, Ayala Bernal Diana, Melendrez Vásquez Daniela, Hernández Santamaría Valentina. Póster Síndrome de Marine-Lenhart. Moreno Pallares E, Borre Naranjo DP. Póster Pseudomalabsorción y carga oral de levotiroxina. Cardenas OP, Mendoza P.

Abstract Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a multisystemic disorder resulting from an underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Elevated serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is considered as one of the most powerful prognostic markers in AL. Angiogenesis is a crucial step for disease progression in several malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM). Osteopontin (OPN) is a glycophosphoprotein cytokine, which has significant role in cell adhesion, prevention of apoptosis, invasion, migration and tumor cell growth. OPN also participates in neo-angiogenesis process in malignancies, as in MM. Renal involvement is common in AL, resulting in renal impairment in a significant proportion of patients. Cystatin-C (Cys-C) is a cysteine-proteinase inhibitor, which is considered as a reliable endogenous marker of GFR. Furthermore, our group has shown that Cys-C is an independent prognostic factor in MM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of OPN, Cys-C and angiogenesis cytokines in AL, explore possible correlations with clinical characteristics and known prognostic factors, as NT-proBNP, and compare the results with those of MM. Serum levels of angiopoietin-1 and -2 (Ang-1, Ang-2), VEGF, angiogenin, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and OPN were evaluated using ELISA methodology (R&D, Minneapolis, MN, USA, for all, except of OPN: IBL GmbH D, Hamburg, Gemany). Serum Cys-C was determined by particle enhanced immunonephelometry (Dade Behring, Liederbach, Germany), while serum NT-proBNP was evaluated using an electrochemiluminescensce immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Serum samples were collected from 82 previously untreated AL patients (39M/43F), 35 age- and gender-matched healthy controls and 35 newly diagnosed, untreated, MM patients of similar age and gender. The median age of AL patients was 63 years (range: 39–86 years), and the median number of involved organs was 2 (range: 1–4). Heart was involved in 45 (56%) patients, kidney in 61 (76%) and liver in 11 (14%) patients. Serum levels of OPN (&lt;0.01), VEGF (p&lt;0.001), bFGF (&lt;0.001), angiogenin (p&lt;0.001) and Ang-2 (p&lt;0.001) were significantly higher in AL patients than in controls; however Ang-1 levels did not differ between AL patients and controls (p=0.321), thus the ang1/ang2 ratio was lower in AL patients (p=0.036). Compared to MM patients, AL patients had significantly higher VEGF (p&lt;0.001), angiogenin (p&lt;0.001), and Ang-1 (p=0.001) levels but lower levels of Ang-2 (0.001) resulting in a significantly higher Ang-1/2 ratio (p&lt;0.001). OPN levels did not differ between AL and myeloma patients (p=0.169). OPN correlated with NT-proBNP levels in AL (r=0.342, p=0.004). Ang-2 levels were significantly higher in AL patients with heart involvement (p=0.008) resulting in lower Ang-1/2 ratio (p=0.03). Cys-C levels were higher in AL patients compared to both controls and MM patients (p&lt;0.0001). The eGFR estimated with the MDRD equation and 3 different equations that included Cys-C only; Cys-C and age; and Cys-C, creatinine and age (Stevens et al, Am J Kidney Dis2008;51:396–406) were 65, 44, 41 and 45 ml/min/1.73m2, respectively (p&lt;0.001). All eGFR evaluations were associated with the probability of renal response to therapy. However, in multivariate analysis, only the equation that included Cys-C, creatinine and age predicted indepedently for renal response to therapy (HR 8.8, 95% CI 1.2– 67, p=0.033). The median survival of this cohort of patients has not been reached yet; the 24-month survival rate was 66%. In univariate analysis high NT-proBNP levels (p&lt;0.001), heart involvement (p&lt;0.01), ejection fraction &lt;55% (p&lt;0.01), high serum OPN (p=0.01), performance status ≥2 (p=0.011), ≥2 involved organs (p=0.02), no organ response to therapy (p=0.023), urine albumin (&gt;3500 mg/24h; p=0.031), and no hematologic response to therapy (p=0.034) predicted for poor survival. However, NT-proBNP and OPN were both independently associated with survival in a multivariate model. This study suggests that angiogenesis cytokines are increased in AL, even compared to MM. More importantly, high OPN levels predicts for inferior survival, while eGFR based on Cys-C, creatinine and age predicts for renal response to therapy. NTproBNP remains a valuable predictive factor for survival in AL.

En este trabajo se presenta una comparación de los tiempos de respuesta, optimización de la ruta y complejidad del grafo en métodos de planificación de trayectoria para robots móviles autónomos. Se contrastan los desarrollos de Voronoi, Campos potenciales, Roadmap probabilístico y Descomposición en celdas para la navegación en un mismo entorno y validándolos para un número variable de obstáculos. Las evaluaciones demuestran que el método de generación de trayectoria por Campos Potenciales, mejora la navegación respecto de la menor ruta obtenida, el método Rapidly Random Tree genera los grafos de menor complejidad y el método Descomposición en celdas, se desempeña con menor tiempo de respuesta y menor coste computacional. Palabras Clave: optimización, trayectoria, métodos de planificación, robots móviles. Referencias [1]H. Ajeil, K. Ibraheem, A. Sahib y J. Humaidi, “Multi-objective path planning of an autonomous mobile robot using hybrid PSO-MFB optimization algorithm, ” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 89, April 2020. [2]K.Patle, G. Babu, A. Pandey, D.R.K. Parhi y A. Jagadeesh, “A review: On path planning strategies for navigation of mobile robot,” Defence Technology, vol. 15, pp. 582-606, August 2019. [3]T. Mack, C. Copot, D. Trung y R. De Keyser, “Heuristic approaches in robot path planning: A survey,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 86, pp. 13-28, December 2016. [4]L. Zhang, Z. Lin, J. Wang y B. He, “Rapidly-exploring Random Trees multi-robot map exploration under optimization framework,” Robotics and Autonomous Systems, vol. 131, 2020. [5]S. Khan y M. K. Ahmmed, "Where am I? Autonomous navigation system of a mobile robot in an unknown environment," 2016 5th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision (ICIEV), pp. 56-61, December 2016. [6]V. Castro, J. P. Neira, C. L. Rueda, J. C. Villamizar y L. Angel, "Autonomous Navigation Strategies for Mobile Robots using a Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)," IECON 2007 - 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 2795-2800, Taipei, 2007. [7]Y. Li, W. Wei, Y. Gao, D. Wang y C. Fan, “PQ-RRT*: An improved path planning algorithm for mobile robots,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 152, August 2020. [8]A. Muñoz, “Generación global de trayectorias para robots móviles, basada en curvas betaspline,” Dep. Ingeniería de Sistemas y Automática Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Universidad de Sevilla, 2014. [9]H. Montiel, E. Jacinto y H. Martínez, “Generación de Ruta Óptima para Robots Móviles a Partir de Segmentación de Imágenes,” Información Tecnológica, vol. 26, 2015. [10] C. Expósito, “Los diagramas de Vornooi, la forma matemática de dividir el mundo,” Dialnet, Diciembre 2016.

Os traumas de face ocorrem por forças externas lesionando o corpo, podendo eles ser locais, gerais ou concomitantes. A etiologia do traumatismo orbitário é diversificada como: quedas, queimaduras e agressões, sendo considerada uma das principais causas de morte no mundo de acordo com Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS). As fraturas faciais podem se dividir em fraturas dos terço superior, terço médio e terço inferior. As fraturas do tipo Blow-outmantêm as margens orbitais integra, envolvendo apenas parede orbital inferior e ou média. Diplopia e enoftalmia são complicações bem características de traumas orbitais. O objetivo do artigo é identificar as principais lesões ocasionadas por fraturas orbitárias e apontar o diagnóstico e tratamento das lesões. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura do tipo descritiva, com os dados colhidos nas bases de dados PubMed, SciElo, Lilacs, Google Acadêmico, selecionando artigos entre o ano de 2008 – 2018, de língua inglesa, portuguesa e espanhola, disponíveis para download nas bases de dados citadas. Os exames de imagem como a Tomografia Computadorizada é de suma importância para o diagnóstico devido seu detalhamento. Alguns sinais clínicos são: diplopia, enoftalmia, hipoftalmia ou mobilidade muscular ocular prejudicada. O tratamento ainda varia muito entre os cirurgiões.Descritores: Diplopia; Fraturas Ósseas; Órbita; Traumatismo do Nervo Abducente; Nervo Óptico.ReferênciasRamos JC, Almeida MLD, Alencar YCG, de Sousa Filho LF, Figueiredo CHMC, Almeida MSC. Estudo epidemiológico do trauma bucomaxilofacial em um hospital de referência da Paraíba. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2018;45(6):e1978.Affonso PRA, Cavalcanti MA, Groisman S, Gandelman I. Etiologia de trauma e lesões faciais no atendimento pré – hospitalar no Rio de Janeiro. Rev UNINGÁ. 2010;23(1):23-34.Scolari N, Heitz C. Protocolo de tratamento em fraturas orbitárias. RFO UPF. 2012;17(3):365-69.Polligkeit J, Grimm M, Peters JP, Cetindis M, Krimmel M, Reinert S. Assessment of indications and clinical outcome for the endoscopy-assisted combined subciliary/transantral approach in treatment of complex orbital floor fractures. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2013;41(8):797-802.Mendonça JCG, Freitas GP, Lopes HB, Nascimento VS. Tratamento de fraturas complexas do terço médio da face: relato de caso. Rev Bras Cir Craniomaxilofac 2011;14(4):221-24.Jung H, Byun JY, Kim HJ, Min JH, Park GM, Kim HY, Kim YK, Cha J, Kim ST. Prognostic CT findings of diplopia after surgical repair of pure orbital blowout fracture. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2016;44(9):1479-84.Ellis E 3rd, Perez D. An algorithm for the treatment of isolated zygomatico-orbital fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(10):1975-83.Nilsson J, Nysjö J, Carlsson AP, Thor A. Comparison analysis of orbital shape and volume in unilateral fractured orbits. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2018;46(3):381-87. Yu DY, Chen CH, Tsay PK, Leow AM, Pan CH, Chen CT. Surgical Timing and Fracture Type on the Outcome of Diplopia After Orbital Fracture Repair. Ann Plast Surg. 2016;76 Suppl 1:S91-5.Morotomi T, Iuchi T, Hashimoto T, Sueyoshi Y, Nagasao T, Isogai N. Image analysis of the inferior rectus muscle in orbital floor fracture using cine mode magnetic resonance imaging. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2015;43(10):2066-70.He Y, Zhang Y, An JG. Correlation of types of orbital fracture and occurrence of enophthalmos. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(4):1050-53. Roth FS, Koshy JC, Goldberg JS, Soparkar CN. Pearls of orbital trauma management. Semin Plast Surg. 2010;24(4):398-410. Palmieri CF Jr, Ghali GE. Late correction of orbital deformities. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2012;24(4):649-63. Tavares SSS, Tavares GR, Oka SC, Cavalcante JR, Paiva MAF. Fraturas orbitárias: revisão de literatura e relato de caso. Rev Cir Traumatol Buco-Maxilo-Fac. 2011;11(2):35-42.Long JA, Gutta R. Orbital, periorbital, and ocular reconstruction. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013;25(2):151-66.Wolff J, Sándor GK, Pyysalo M, Miettinen A, Koivumäki AV, Kainulainen VT. Late reconstruction of orbital and naso-orbital deformities. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2013;25(4):683-95. Dean A, Heredero S. Alamillos F.J, García-García B. Aplicación clínica de la planificación virtual y la navegación en el tratamiento de las fracturas del suelo de la órbita. Rev Esp Cir Oral Maxilofac. 2015; 37(4):220-28.Damasceno NAP, Damasceno EF. raumatic orbital fracture with intact ocular globe displacement into the maxillary sinus. Rev bras oftalmol. 2010;69(1):52-4.

Two forms of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci cause wildfire (Tox+) and angular leaf spot (Tox-) diseases of tobacco in Zimbabwe. Two races of the pathogen (races 0 and 1) occur in Zimbabwe (4). Two groups of cultivars are available: one with resistance to race 0 only, tbe second with resistance to races 0 and 1 (4). P. syringae pv. tabaci was first observed on cultivars with resistance to races 0 and 1 in 1993, and infection on these cultivars is now widespread. The bacteria isolated from the infected plants were gram-negative rods and produced fluorescent pigment on King's medium B. Levan-oxidase-potato rot-arginine dihydrolase-tobacco hypersensitivity (LOPAT) tests indicated that the pathogen was a Group 1a pseudomonad (2). Pathogenicity and race designation for 58 isolates of the pathogen were determined on 8-week-old, greenhouse-raised tobacco plants. Inoculated plants were kept in controlled environment units (13/11 h photoperiod, 30 ± 2°C, relative humidity >75%) for 10 days. Pathogenicity was determined on cv. Kutsaga E1, which has no known resistance to any races of P. syringae pv. tabaci (4), and isolates from typical wildfire and angular leaf spot lesions were used for race designation by inoculating six plants of each indicator tobacco genotype. Genotypes included Nicotiana tabacum cv. Kutsaga E1 (susceptible to races 0, 1, and 2), which was used as the indicator genotype for race 0, N. longiflora (race 0 resistance) (1), N. tabacum cv. Kutsaga Mammoth 10 (resistance to race 0 derived from N. longiflora), N. rustica var. brasilea (resistance to races 0 and 1) (3,4), a breeding line, WZ 3-2-1-1, and cv. Kutsaga 35 (both resistant to races 0 and 1 with resistance derived from N. rustica var. brasilea). Six spots, three on either side of the midrib, were inoculated with an artist's airbrush (Aero-pro 251) operated at 250 kPa. The inoculum, (approximately 1 × 106 CFU/ml) suspended in a quarter-strength Ringer's solution was applied to one side of the midrib and Ringer's solution only to the other side, which served as control. Thirty-eight Tox+ isolates and 20 Tox- isolates were tested in a series of experiments in randomized complete blocks with four replications per treatment. Resistance to wildfire was characterized by localized chlorosis or whitish-tan hypersensitive lesions and susceptibility by necrotic lesions (>2 mm) surrounded by large chlorotic halos. Resistance to angular leaf spot was characterized by hypersensitive lesions or absence of symptoms and susceptibility by presence of symptoms (4). Sixty-six percent of the Tox+ isolates and 70% of the Tox- isolates successfully infected cultivars with known resistance to races 0 and 1, and were therefore designated race 2 (1). All other isolates were race 1. This is the first report of P. syringae pv. tabaci Tox+ and Tox- race 2 in Zimbabwe. References: (1) K. K. Knoche et al. Phytopathology 77:1364, 1987. (2). R. A. Lelliott and D. E. Stead. Methods in Plant Pathology. Vol. 2. 1987. (3). J. R. Stavely and H. A. Skoog. Proc. Am. Phytopathol. Soc. 3:231 (Abstr.), 1976. (4). J. J. Woodend and E. Mudzengerere. Euphytica 64:149, 1992.

Education promotes progress and economic and social growth, improves the quality of life of the population. The first objective of the study was to identify people's income according to the years of schooling, the second was to estimate the income gap according to gender, residence and working conditions, the third was to identify the return of education, work experience towards the income of the Peruvian inhabitants. Parametric tests and the two-stage Heckman model were used to obtain the results. The data come from the National Household Survey. Income differs according to schooling. There are gaps in earned income. For one more year of education, the monetary return amounts to 12,46%, if it is a woman, it is 13,23%, if it is a man, it is 11,51%, if it resides in an urban area it amounts to 10,62%, if it is a resident in rural areas it amounts to 9,83%. Keywords: Labor income, returns to education, Mincer equation, Heckman methodology. References [1]J. Mincer, “Schooling, Experience, and Earnings,” Natl. Bur. Econ. Res., 1974, [Online]. Available: https://www.nber.org/books-and-chapters/schooling-experience-and-earnings. [2]T. W. Schultz, “Investment in Human capital,” Am. Econ. Rev., vol. Vil. (1)2, 1961. [3]J. Freire and M. Teijeiro, “Las ecuaciones de Mincer y las tasas de rendimiento de la educación en Galicia,” Investig. Econ. la Educ. 5 - Univ. A Coruña, 2010. [4]K. Ogundari and A. Abdulai, “Determinants of Household’s Education and Healthcare Spending in Nigeria: Evidence from Survey Data,” African Dev. Rev., vol. Vol. 26, N, pp. 1–14, 2014. [5]C. Montenegro and H. Patrinos, “Comparable estimates of returns to schooling around the world,” Policy Res. Work. Pap. Ser. 7020, World Bank., 2014. [6]G. Fink and E. Peet, “Returns to Education in Low and Middle-Income Countries: Evidence from the Living Standards and Measurement Surveys,” Progr. Glob. Demogr. Aging Harvard Univ., vol. PGDA Worki, 2014, [Online]. Available: https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/1288/2015/06/PGDA_WP_120_Fink.pdf. [7]L. Godínez, E. Figueroa, and F. Pérez, “Rentabilidad privada de la educación en el Estado de México,” Papeles Poblac. - Univ. Auton. Mex., vol. Vol. 22 N°, 2016. [8]M. Diaz, “Brecha Salarial por Género en Colombia.,” Econ. y Finanz. Int. - Univ. la Sabana - Colomb., 2014. [9]M. Urroz and M. Salgado, “La relación entre educación e ingresos: estimación de las diferencias salariales por nivel educativo alcanzado,” Fund. Zamora Terán, 2014. [10]E. Tarupi, “El capital humano y los retornos a la educación en Ecuador,” Gest. - Rev. Int. Adm., 2015, [Online]. Available: https://revistas.uasb.edu.ec/index.php/eg/article/view/571. [11]R. Arpi and L. Arpi, “Retornos Heterogeneos a La Educación En el Mercado Laboral Peruano, 2015,” Rev. Investig. Altoandina, vol. Vol. 18, 2016. [12]R. Paz and J. C. Quilla, “Retornos a la Educación de los Jefes de Hogar en la Región de Puno, 2011 – 2015,” Rev. Investig. Altoandina, vol. V. 18, 2016. [13]INEI, “Instituto Nacional de Estadistica e Informatica - Evolucion de la Pobreza Monetaria 2008 - 2019,” 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/cifras_de_pobreza/informe_pobreza2019.pdf. [14]A. Smith, An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Londres: Londres - Reino Unido, 1776. [15]G. Becker, “A Theory of the Allocation of Time,” Econ. J., vol. Vol. 75 N°, p. pp.493-517, 1964. [16]R. Hernández, C. Fernández, and M. del P. Baptista, Metodologia de la Investigación, vol. 6ta Ed. 2014. [17]W. Mendoza, Cómo Investigan los Economistas, 1ra Ed. Lima - Perú, 2014. [18]D. Alfaro and E. Guerrero, “Brechas de genero en el ingreso: Una mirada mas alla de la media en el sector agropecuario,” Consorc. Investig. Econ. y Soc. - CIES, 2013, [Online]. Available: http://cies.org.pe/sites/default/files/investigaciones/1_informe_final_pb19_-_alfaro_y_guerrero_final.pdf. [19]J. Wooldridge, Introduccion a la Econometria. Un enfoque moderno, 4ta Ed. Mexico, D.F., 2009. [20]D. Gujarati and D. Porter, Econometría. 2010.

EFEITO DO ARMAZENAMENTO DAS AMOSTRAS PARA DETERMINAÇÃO DO POTENCIAL DA ÁGUA NA FOLHA PELA CÂMARA DE PRESSÃO Ralini Ferreira de Melo; Yanê Borges Garcia Gruber; Rubens Duarte CoelhoDepartamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, ralini@esalq.usp.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tempo de armazenamento das amostras de folhas de Citrus sp. na quantificação dos diferentes níveis de estresse hídrico, após as mesmas terem sido removidas das plantas, visando analisar a possibilidade de se fazer as medidas com a câmara de pressão (Scholander et al., 1964) na citricultura em condições de laboratório, e não imediatamente após a coleta das folhas. A amostragem constituiu-se em dez plantas para cada nível de estresse hídrico, com retirada de 5 folhas por planta e por coleta. Foram observadas as variações horárias dos valores nos tratamentos, com intervalos medidos de 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 24; 48, 72 e 120 horas, sendo a primeira leitura às 6:00 horas do potencial total da água da folha. A determinação do potencial total da água nas plantas (yf) foi feita no pré-amanhecer e correlacionou-se o yf com o intervalo de tempo em que a medida foi feita após a coleta dessa amostra, resultando nas seguintes observações: a) com o passar do tempo de armazenamento das folhas cítricas ocorreu diminuição do potencial total da água, tornando-se mais negativo; b) com o aumento do nível de estresse hídrico, existiu uma menor interferência do tempo de leitura no potencial da água na folha para os menores níveis de estresse hídrico e c) o valor máximo de armazenamento recomendado é de seis horas. UNITERMOS: câmara de pressão, deficiência hídrica, irrigação MELO, R. F. de; GRUBER, Y. B. G.; COELHO, R. D. EFFECT OF SAMPLE STORAGE FOR DETERMINATION OF LEAF WATER POTENTIAL USING A PRESSURE CHAMBER 2 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the storage time influence on the water potential of leaves (WPL) removed from citrus trees, and kept under no light and at low temperature conditions, prior to its determination using a Scholander´s chamber. Samples were taken from 10 trees of each water stress level (treatments), by removing 5 leaves at once. The variation of the water potential of leaves was observed for 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 24; 48, 72 and 120 hours after the initial measurement realized at 6:00 AM local time (predawn). The Scholander´s chamber determinations were correlated with the initial readings (predawn), resulting in the following observations: a) as storage time increased, there was a decrease of total leaf water potential, which became more negative; b) with increase of water stress, there was a lower interference of storage time on leaf water potential; and c) under low levels of water stress the recommended maximum value for storage time is 6 hours. KEYWORDS: pressure chamber, water drought, irrigation

A avaliação da pro#ciência é uma questão importante na interpretação dos resultadosdas investigações sobre a aprendizagem de língua segunda. Dados contraditóriosentre os estudos podem decorrer dos diferentes procedimentos empreguespara avaliar os aprendentes. De modo geral, são consideradas informações institucionais,estimativas baseadas no per#l linguístico e, mais raramente, são utilizadosresultados de testes independentes. No presente estudo, foi desenvolvida uma versãoportuguesa do C-test, um teste de preenchimento simples utilizado para medira pro#ciência geral. Elevados coe#cientes de Cronbach Alfa e Omega revelaram a#abilidade do teste. A classi#cação da pro#ciência dos aprendentes baseada na pontuaçãodo teste demonstrou uma correlação forte com a avaliação pelos professores(r = 0.74), mostrando que o teste é e#ciente para avaliar a pro#ciência geral. Paraalém disso, outros parâmetros, nomeadamente nível da turma e autoavaliação dosaprendentes também mostraram uma correlação forte com a avaliação por professores(r = 0.79 e 0.77). A utilização futura do teste é discutida.

(francuski) Parmi les nombreuses cellules du monast?re de Chilandar ? Kary?s et dans ses environs ? il en restait pr?s de trente au d?but du XX?me si?cle ? la cellule de la Dormition de la Vierge a conserv? la plus ancienne ?glise datant de l'?poque de la domination turque dont le toit en plomb est ? l'origine de l'appellation de cet ?tablissement. Ce petit ?difice trinconque a ?t? d?cor? de peintures murales de style cr?tois qui sont l'oeuvre de peintres appartenant au cercle du ma?tre Th?ophane. Nous sommes renseign?s sur l'?rection et la d?coration de cette ?glise par une inscription peinte appos?e au-dessus de l'entr?e sud, aujourd'hui mur?e, dont le texte, mutil? aux extr?mit?s, a ?galement perdu sa partie finale, qui comptait une, voir deux derni?res lignes. On peut n?anmoins y lire l'ann?e, 7045 (1536/7), une date, 22 octobre, et plusieurs indications chronologiques (indiction, cercle du Soleil, cercle de la Lune, epakt et autres). Ces ?l?ments chronologiques ne correspondent pas, toutefois, ? l'ann?e 7045, mais plut?t 7050. Ceci avait d?j? ?t? remarqu? par Lj. Stojanovic qui est le premier ? avoir publi? cette inscription, en proposant les deux ann?es; malgr? tout, c'est l'ann?e 1536 ou 1537 qui appara?t le plus souvent dans les textes sp?cialis?s pour la datation de l'?rection et de la d?coration de cette ?glise, et ce n'est que ces derniers temps que l'ann?e 1541 a de nouveau ?t? prise en ligne de compte. L'observation du contenu de cette inscription s'est en fait toujours limit?e ? la partie conserv?e du texte. L'incertitude concernant l'ann?e ne peut toutefois ?tre r?solue que si l'on prend ?galement en compte ses parties perdues. En ce sens, la reconstitution de l'inscription dans son int?gralit?, qui est ici propos?e sous forme de dessin, montre qu'?tait tout d'abord mentionn?e l'ann?e 7045 (1536/7), et ensuite la date de la fin des travaux de d?coration murale, le 22 octobre 1541. La partie conserv?e de l'inscription fait ?tat des deux personnages ayant veill? ? l'?rection et la d?coration de l'?glise ? le moine Makarije dont il ne subsiste du nom la?c que la premi?re lettre M..., et Dmitar Janje..., dont la fin du nom est d?truite. Dmitar, comme il appara?t, n'?tait pas un moine mais un la?c, dont Eponyme a ?t? avec raison compris comme un origo ? Janjevac. On a suppos? que Makarije pourrait ne faire qu'un avec l'imprimeur bien connu du m?me nom, qui a ?dit? sa premi?re oeuvre ? Cetinje en 1493, et a plus tard travaill? en Valachie et m?me, le suppose-t-on, ?t? dans les ann?es trente du XVI?me si?cle higoum?ne de Chilandar. L'identification de ce Makarije avec le moine du m?me nom de la Molybokkl?sia impliquerait que l'on peut suivre son activit? au cours de pr?s de six d?cennies. A rencontre de cette supposition on note toutefois l'absence dans l'inscription, comme cela ?t? l'usage, de toute mention de Makarije en tant qu'ancien higoum?ne (pro higoum?ne). D'autre part, on n'a pas relev? jusqu'? pr?sent la possibilit? de reconna?tre devant le nom de Makarije la fin du mot pisac, ce qui signifie qu'il ?tait scribe, copiste. De feit, si nous y ajoutons une note appos?e dans un livre recopi? par Dmitar Janjevac (Dmitar de Janjevo) (Giljferding n' 9) mentionnant ce dernier comme un ?bon scribe?, il est d?j? permis d'en conclure que la cellule de Molybokkl?sia dans laquelle vivaient Makarije et Dmitar ?tait un scriptorium. L'activit? de ces deux scribes ressort ?galement de l'aspect m?me de l'inscription. On y rel?ve en effet des formes pal?ographiques caract?ristiques des manuscrits ? en l'occurrence n'apparaissant pas sur les fresques et les ic?nes. De m?me, les ?l?ments chronologiques mentionn?s (cercle du Soleil, cercle de la Lune, etc.) figurent ? cette ?poque dans les inscriptions indiquant la fin d'un travail sur des manuscrits, mais non sur des fresques. Il va de soi que c'est l'un des deux kelli?tes, Makarije ou Dmitar, et peut-?tre tous les deux, qui ont r?dig? ce texte et d'autres accompagnant sur les fresques, compte tenu que celles-ci ont ?t? ex?cut?es par des ma?tres grecs, cr?tois, qui ignoraient le slave. S'agissant de Dmitar, il a acquis sa formation de scribe ? Janjevo, c?l?bre centre d'exploitation mini?re et march? o? ?tait perp?tu?e l'activit? de copiste. Les inscriptions en slave n'?taient une chose rare dans les cellules du monast?re de Chilandar sises ? Kary?s. Non loin du Pr?taton, dans la cellule Flaska sont conserv?s des restes de la peinture contenant une liste de donateurs, inscrite (cca 1526) dans une r?daction serbo-slave, o? ? c?t? des noms des moines, figurent d'autres noms, et ce non seulement d'hommes mais aussi de femmes, et ce tant monacaux que la?cs. On suppose que ces personnes, ? qui revenait le m?rite de la d?coration de l'ancien ?difice, ?taient originaires de Kratovo, alors le plus important centre d'exploitation mini?re dans les Balkans. A l'?poque o? ?tait ?rig?e et d?cor?e la Molybokkl?sia, nous savons que quelques personnages dot?s d'une remarquable ?rudition vivaient ? Kary?s. Parmi ceux-ci se distinguait tout particuli?rement l'hi?romoine Gavrilo de la cellule de Kaproul?, homme faisant montre d'un vaste champ d'int?r?t et entretenant de nombreux liens tant avec les milieux spirituels du monde orthodoxe qu'avec les cours des pays voisins. Nous sommes assez pr?cis?ment inform?s sur ses origines par une fresque ornant la chapelle de Saint-Jean le Pr?curseur am?nag?e au-dessus du narthex du Pr?taton, ? savoir la repr?sentation de quatre archev?ques li?s ? l'?glise d'Ochrid dans l'espace exigu du sanctuaire. Connu comme un excellent traducteur de textes grecs ?en lanque serbe?, Gavrilo ?tait donc assur?ment originaire du milieu slave. Parall?lement, durant quasiment toute la premi?re moiti? du XVI?me si?cle, l'administration du Pr?taton eut ?galement ? sa t?te l'hi?romoine Serafim. Lui-aussi r?sidait dans une des anciennes cellules, tou K?phou ? Kary?s, o? lui-m?me s'adonnait ? un travail d'?criture. Il a ?crit et recopi? les vies des personnalit?s de son milieu, qu'il connaissait personnellement, instaur? leur culte et fait don au Pr?taton d'ouvrages dans lesquels il a parfois appos? des notes parall?lement en grec et en slave. Quelque peu plus r?cente, la cellule des Trois-Saints, ?galement rattach?e ? Chilandar, vient confirmer l'existence d'un besoin non n?gligeable en traductions et copies r?dig?es en slave ? Kary?s. De son katastichon, conserv? dans un legs de 1575/6, nous apprenons que cet ?tablissement poss?dait quarante deux ouvrages en slave. Il va de soi qu'un r?le particulier en ce sens revenait ? l'ermitage de Saint-Sabbas o?, d?j? au XIII?me si?cle, avait ?t? r?alis?e une importante activit? d'?criture, et o? l'activit? de recopie de manuscrit se poursuivit encore par la suite durant des si?cles. Dans un tel milieu, il va de soi que la Molybokkl?sia se voyait tout naturellement conf?rer un prestige particulier en tant que scriptorium, avec le moine Makarije et Dmitar Janjevac. .

Levels of expression of adrenomedullin (AM) in the uterus have been reported to vary with the reproductive cycle. This study examines the relationships among uterine AM mRNA, the stage of the estrous cycle, and circulating estradiol and progesterone in cycling rats and in ovariectomized (OVX) rats without or with estrogen replacement (ER). Strong AM mRNA, AM immunoreactivity, and pro-AM NH2-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) immunoreactivity were observed in endometrial stroma by use of in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. Endometrial expression was particularly intense at proestrus and estrus, with weaker expression in the myometrium. By RNase protection assay, significant differences in AM mRNA between the stages of the estrous cycle could not be established. However, levels of AM mRNA were positively correlated with plasma estradiol in cycling rats ( r = 0.56, P < 0.005) and in OVX and ER rats ( r = 0.92, P < 0.001) and were not correlated with plasma progesterone. Levels of AM mRNA were significantly reduced after OVX compared with cycling rats, and ER restored AM mRNA to levels equivalent to those seen at the peak of the cycle (proestrus). In conclusion, although AM expression in the uterus varies throughout the estrous cycle, it is more closely correlated with circulating estradiol levels than with the stage of the cycle itself.

The occurrence of potentially pathogenic fungal strains in the 7 lakes of the Struga Siedmiu Jezior and in three lobelia lakes situated in the central part of the "Bory Tucholskie" National Park was investigated. Ten fungal species belonging to 4 genera: <i>Candida (C. humicola, C. famala, C. guilliermondii), Cryptococcus (C. neoformans, C. laurentii, C. albidus, C. unigutndalus), Rhodotoorula (R. rubra</i> and <i>R. glutinis</i>), and <i>Trichosporon (T. cutaneum)</i>, were recorded and analysed in the summers of 2001 and 2002

BackgroundIn recent years, the FDA has approved engineered autologous T cell therapies with remarkable efficacy against hematological cancers. In addition, non-engineered tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapies have shown unprecedented benefit against solid tumors in early clinical trials. Despite their success, TIL products have limitations including the need for specialized surgery to obtain sterile tumor for T cells, low neoantigen breadth, and the potential for T cells that may be pro-tumor, exhausted, or not tumor-specific. These limitations may hinder efficacy and accessibility for certain patients. We have developed an autologous, peripheral blood-derived non-engineered T cell therapy, GEN-011, that embraces the advantages of TIL while improving on their limitations by targeting true tumor-specific neoantigens identified by the ATLASTM bioassay and avoiding potentially pro-tumor InhibigensTM.1MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells and a tumor biopsy are collected from each subject; tumor DNA is sequenced by WES. The ATLAS bioassay is used to individually screen each tumor mutation with the patient‘s own T cells to identify neoantigen targets of pre-existing CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cell responses. The robust clinical scale manufacturing process, PLANETTM, expands the patient‘s peripheral blood T cells on ATLAS-identified stimulatory neoantigens.ResultsThe PLANET process produces GEN-011 drug products (DP) containing billions of antigen-specific, cytolytic T cells. Development and engineering runs using peripheral blood T cells from cancer patients and healthy donors resulted in DPs containing >97% T cells, >90% of which were central and effector memory phenotypes. A median 534-fold increase in antigen-specific T cells was observed in GEN-011 DPs over their starting frequency in peripheral blood with up to 67% of cells upregulating activation markers upon antigen recognition. Additionally, DP T cells secrete up to 50,000 pg/mL of IFN-gamma in response to antigen stimulation. In cancer patient samples, DPs respond to up to 89% of intended neoantigen targets compared to <10% reported recently for TIL products.2 3ConclusionsGEN-011 is an autologous, neoantigen-specific T cell product, with key advantages over TIL therapy. First, GEN-011 has an unparalleled breadth of neoantigen coverage, targeting up to 30 relevant neoantigens with non-exhausted CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells to overcome non-tumor specific ‘passenger’ T cells. Second, GEN-011 avoids pro-tumor Inhibigens that may be detrimental to clinical responses. Third, GEN-011 does not require extra surgery or viable tumor for manufacturing. In conclusion, GEN-011 is a first-in-class transformational T cell therapy candidate with characteristics that should improve accessibility and efficacy for patients with solid tumors.Ethics ApprovalInformed consent was obtained from all individuals providing samples for this study.ReferencesDeVault V, Starobinets H, Adhikari S, Singh S, Rinaldi S, Classon B, Flechtner J, Lam H. Inhibigens, personal neoantigens that drive suppressive T cell responses, abrogate protection of therapeutic anti-tumor vaccines. J. Immunol. 2020; 204(1 Supplement):91.15.Fraser H, Pike R, Thirkell S, Arshad A, Jide-Banwo S, Bartley H, Rologi E, Pruchniak M, Patel S, Mootien J, Robertson J, Craig A, Salm M, Newton K, Goodsell L, Chan F, Wilson G, Frenk S, Ali I, Peggs K, Lowdell MW, Del Rosio L, Hayes A, Turajlic S, Islam F, Lawrence D, Jamal-Hanjani M, Forster MD, Samuel E. The development of a personalized autologous clonal neoantigen T cell therapy for the treatment of solid cancer using the VELOS™ manufacturing platform generates highly potent and reactive CD8+ and CD4+ T cells for clinical use [abstract]. Virtual Annual Meeting II of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2020 Jun 22–24.Creelan B, Wang C, Teer J, Toloza E, Mullinax J, Yao J, Koomen J, Kim S, Chiappori A, Saller J, Tanvetyanon T, Landin AM, Fang B, Yu X, Saltos A, Thompson Z, Noyes D, Conejo-Garcia J, Chen T-D, Haura E, Antonia S. Durable complete responses to adoptive cell transfer using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): a phase I trial [abstract]. Virtual Annual Meeting II of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2020 Jun 22–24.

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Correlación entre los valores de la glucemia basal y la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG) en niños con sobrepeso Awadalla Shokery Prevalencia y factores asociados a la resistencia a la insulina en adultos mayores de 20 años en Barranquilla, 2013 Alvarez, L. Angarita, C. Arjona, D. Cabarcas, C. Molina, L. Navarro, E. Mejoría de los niveles de HDL y triglicéridos en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria sometidos a ejercicio físico Ávila JC; Betancourt-Peña J. Tamizaje poblacional para la detección de trastornos del metabolismo de la glucosa en los afiliados de la EPS Mutual Ser Barengo, NC, Tamayo, DC, Jerez Arias, M, Olivo de Arco, O, Mercado Arias, G, Vega, D, Paz, J, Tono T La actividad física grupal impacta positivamente la calidad de vida en las personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 Barrera AE, Pérez NB, López EC, Rico AF Comportamiento de la diabetes mellitus en Centros de Medicina Familiar Barreto Quintana Helen María, Kim Kyung Hwa, Sáenz Castro Víctor Alexander Frecuencia de dislipidemia y relación con enfermedad tiroidea en agricultores. Quindío, Colombia Bayona A, Restrepo B, Landázuri P, Londoño AL, Sánchez JF, Moreno P, Cubillos J, Martínez AD. Correlación entre niveles de colesterol LDL medido, comparado con el colesterol LDL calculado por la fórmula de Friedewald en una población de Medellín Builes-Montaño CE, Londoño MP, Aristizábal N, RománGonzáles A, Echavarría E, Posada S, Henao A, Toro JM Caracterización clínica-bioquímica de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población joven de Cartagena Cabarcas O, Pulgar M, Alvear C Encuesta sobre los patrones de práctica clínica en el manejo del paciente diabético en hospitales de tercer nivel en Medellín, Colombia Daguer S, Hincapié J, Ramírez-Rincón A, Palacio A, Botero JF. Perfil epidemiológico de la población que asiste al programa de riesgo cardiovascular de Redsalud ESE, Armenia, Quindío, 2013-2014 Duque JL, Orozco P, Lasso JP, Escobar L, Borja A. Síndrome metabólico en pacientes adultos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 asistentes al programa de control en tres hospitales públicos de Colombia Forero Y, Rodríguez S, Romero J. Impacto clínico en expectativa de vida y complicaciones crónicas de pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 usuarios de terapia con bomba de insulina integrada a sistema de monitoreo continuo de glucosa Gómez AM, Mora E, Colon C, Fonseca C. Terapia con bomba de insulina integrada a monitoreo continuo de glucosa en el tratamiento de pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su impacto sobre la hipoglucemia Ana María Gómez Embolización de metástasis hepáticas en insulinoma maligno: de la hipoglucemia a la hiperglucemia. Reporte de un caso González A.M., Vallejo S., López A., Rojas L.J. Fierro L.F. Quintana J.L. y Cuéllar A.A. Coaching en diabetes: exploración de resultados clínicos Hincapié J, Laiton E, Bedoya J, Hincapié L, Galeano M, Hincapié G, Botero JF, Palacio A. Actividad enzimática de paraoxonasa 1 en trabajadores del sector agrícola del departamento del Quindío Landazuri P., Ojeda J.A. La atención integral especializada reduce notablemente los costos directos de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) López E.C, Blanco C S, Barrera AE., Rico A.F. Comportamiento de la prediabetes en pacientes masculinos con riesgo de diabetes mellitus atendidos en el INEM Irasel Martínez Montenegro MD, Msc La circunferencia de la cintura es un parámetro clínico útil para identificar alteraciones en el metabolismo de los carbohidratos Irasel Martínez Plasmaféresis para hipertrigliceridemia severa en el embarazo Navarro EP, Zapata D, Feriz KM, Guzmán GE, Adams CD Metaloproteinasas y leptina en conductores de vehículos de servicio público con síndrome metabólico en Armenia, Quindío Nieto-Cárdenas OA Grado de control glucémico en pacientes diabéticos con historia de infarto que no han presentado un segundo evento cardiovascular Pérez, M, Rivera F., Prieto A., Duque R. Resultados de hipoglucemias severas a un año en pacientes con infusión subcutánea continua de insulina y monitoreo de glucosa en tiempo real Ramírez-Rincón A, Hincapié J, Aristizábal N, Monsalve C, Delgado R, Zapata E, Hincapie G, Castillo E, Mesa P, Vázquez M, Palacio A, Botero JF Prevalencia y factores asociados de obesidad y sobrepeso en estudiantes y docentes de la Universidad del Cauca, 2014 Ramos OA, Arango C., Orozco P., Idrobo L., Pantoja L., Narváez D., López G. Diabetes mellitus en Colombia en el último quinquenio: tasas de reporte en las fuentes oficiales de información Tamayo, DC., Barengo, NC.

The loss of hydrogen from the C-21 position of 5β-pregnane-3α,21-diol-20-one (tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, THDOC) during reductive removal of the 21-hydroxy group by the anaerobic bacterium Eubacteriumlentum has been shown to be selective for the pro-S position by the use of THDOC labelled with deuterium at the C-21 pro-S and C-21 pro-R positions. The labelled substrates were obtained by using the bacterium Clostridiumparaputrificum to reduce chemically prepared C-21 labelled samples of pregn-4-en-21-ol-3,20-dione (deoxycorticosterone, DOC) at C-3 and C-4 (5). The stereochemistry of deuterium label introduced by chemical means at C-21 of DOC was determined by comparison with a sample of 21-(R)-DOC-21-d1 produced by reduction of the corresponding aldehyde pregn-4-en-21-al-3,20-dione, 21-d by the enzyme 21-hydroxysteroid NAD oxidoreductase from beef liver. Keywords: Eubacterium, Clostridium, steroids, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosteroids.

Background: This study involves the investigation of spontaneous and induced secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the anti-inflammatory chemokine C-C motif chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) by monocytes isolated from blood of patients with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both with or without foot ulcers. Methods: A total of 121 patients with T2DM (79 without diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) and 42 patients with DFS) were included. Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14+) monocytes were isolated from patients’ blood and stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory monocyte activation, respectively. The concentrations of TNF-α and CCL18 in the culture medium were measured using ELISA on day 1 and day 6 after cell stimulation. Results: We found a correlation between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and stimulated secretion levels of TNF-α (r = 0.726, p = 0.027) and CCL18 (r = –0.949, p = 0.051) in patients with DFS. There was an increase of pro- and anti-inflammatory activation of monocytes in all patients with different durations of DFS (p < 0.05). However, no stimulation of anti-inflammatory activation was detected in patients with DFS lasting more than 6 months (p = 0.033). Conclusions: Our study showed an increase in pro-inflammatory secretion and a decrease in anti-inflammatory secretion by monocytes isolated from blood of patients with T2DM depending on HbA1c levels and duration of the inflammatory process. These findings allow us to assume that monocytes isolated from T2DM patients are characterized by a biased ability to respond towards pro-inflammatory stimulation, contributing to the chronic wound process.

Zusammenfassung: Gegenstand und Ziel: In den letzten Jahren hat die Bedeutung von Carnitin, insbesondere als Nahrungsmittelzusatz, neben dem Einsatz zur Therapie bestimmter Erkrankungen hauptsächlich in Bezug auf eine leistungssteigernde Wirkung für den Menschen, aber auch beim Tier an Bedeutung gewonnen. Ziel der Arbeit war, Unterschiede im endogenen Carnitingehalt von Blutplasma und Blutlymphozyten von Muttersauen ohne zusätzliche Carnitinversorgung zu beschreiben und deren Einfluss auf die Fruchtbarkeits- und Aufzuchtleistung zu ermitteln. Material und Methoden: Bei 22 Sauen wurde der Gehalt von Blutplasma und Blutlymphozyten an gesamtem und freiem Carnitin bestimmt sowie die Menge an Acylcarnitin berechnet. Ergebnisse: Zwischen dem Acylcarnitingehalt im Plasma und der Sauenlebendmasse am 2. Laktationstag (r = 0,44), den Saugferkelverlusten (r = –0,45), der Wurfzunahme (r = 0,53) sowie der Zahl der abgesetzten Ferkel pro Wurf (r = 0,47) ergaben sich signifikante mittlere Korrelationen. Die Zahl der gesamt geborenen Ferkel pro Wurf war sowohl mit dem Gehalt des gesamten Carnitins (r = 0,47) als auch mit dem freien Carnitin im Plasma (r = 0,45) positiv korreliert, während für die lebend geborenen Ferkel pro Wurf nur eine Beziehung zum Gesamtcarnitingehalt (r = 0,44) statistisch abgesichert werden konnte. Ein signifikanter Einfluss auf die Saugferkelverluste und auf die Wurfzunahme in einer vierwöchigen Säugezeit ließ sich jedoch nur für das endogene Acylcarnitin im Blutplasma nachweisen. Hierbei bewirkte eine Veränderung des Acylcarnitingehalts um 1 μmol eine Reduktion der Saugferkelverluste um 2,1% und eine Erhöhung der Wurfzunahme in einer vierwöchigen Säugezeit um 4,3 kg. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Aus den Daten wird geschlussfolgert, dass Acylcarnitin im Blutplasma in engem Zusammenhang mit der Aufzuchtleistung und der Energiebereitstellung von Muttersauen steht.

Background:Up to 88% of cocaine is tainted with levamisole, anthelmintic withdrawn from the market due to toxicity. Since 2010 LACIV patients, characterized by retiform purpura, ear necrosis, multisystemic compromise and positivity for multiple autoantibodies, have been reported. Renal involvement is the most serious and heterogeneous clinical manifestation.Objectives:To describe the renal involvement of patients with LACIV.Methods:We describe the renal manifestations of a 51 case series with LACIV admitted in four high complexity institutions in Colombia from December 2010 to December 2019.Results:All patients were mestizos, with median age of 32.5 years (SD 7.8), the male:female ratio was 4.7:1, and the time from symptoms to diagnosis 12 months (IR 32). Nephritis was found in 60.8%, with creatinine elevation in 61%, median 2.0 mg/dl (IR 3), 87% had proteinuria, median 3184 mg/day (IR 5735), 43% in nephrotic-range; 93% had hematuria and 48% pyuria and cilindruria. Biopsy was performed in 21 patients (64%), with immune complex mediated extracapillary glomerulonephritis (35%), immune complex mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (20%) pauci-immune proliferative glomerulonephritis (20%), membranous glomerulonephritis (15%), focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (5%) and C3 mediated extracapillary glomerulonephritis (5%). Six patients (19%) developed end-stage kidney disease. Patients with nephritis had more ear necrosis, retiform purpura, leukopenia, lymphopenia, anemia, hypocomplementemia, anti-PR3 and anti-MPO antibodies, compared to patients without nephritis.Conclusion:Due to the higher abuse of cocaine and its contamination with levamisole, LACIV is an increasingly reported disease. Although skin manifestations are the most characteristic and prevalent, renal involvement is frequent, clinically and histologically heterogeneous, and potentially serious. Cytopenias, hypocomplementemia and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies could identify patients at risk of nephritisReferences:[1]Collister D, Sathianathan C, Ryz K, Karpinski M, Bernstein K, Gibson IW. ANCA Associated Vasculitis Secondary to Levamisole-Adultered Cocaine with Associated Membranous Nephropathy: A Case Series. Am J Nephrol. 2017;45(3):209–16.[2]Carlson AQ, Tuot DS, Jen K-Y, Butcher B, Graf J, Sam R, et al. Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis in individuals with disease associated with levamisole-adulterated cocaine: a series of 4 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014 Oct;93(17):290–7.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

The reactions ofN,N′-bis(phosphinomethyl)dihydroperimidine pro-ligands H₂C(NCH₂PR₂)₂C₁₀H₆-1,8 (R = Ph1a, R = Cy1b) with iridium(i) substrates have been investigated and shown to readily result in chelate-assisted C–H activation processes.

Abstract The zirconium-in-rutile thermometer enjoys widespread use, but confidence in its accuracy is limited because experiments were conducted at higher temperatures than many rutile-bearing rocks and calibration uncertainties have not been quantitatively assessed. Refined calibrations were developed using bootstrap regression to minimize residuals in the natural logarithm of the equilibrium constant, based on experiments only (n = 32) and on a combined compilation of experiments and natural data (n = 94, total). Rearranging the regression to solve for T, and expressing Zr concentration (C) in parts per million (μg/g), the calibrations in the α-quartz stability field are: Experimental data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 68740 + 0 . 441 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 . Combined data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 71360 + 0 . 378 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 130 . 66 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 1 . Thermodynamics of the quartz-coesite transition as applied to the calibration for α-quartz yields calibrations for the coesite stability field: Experimental data set T ( C ∘ ) = 71290 + 0 . 310 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 114 · C ( ppm ) 128 . 76 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15 . Combined data set: T ( C ∘ ) = 73910 + 0 . 247 · P ( bars ) - 0 . 130 · C ( ppm ) 129 . 65 - R · ln [ C ( ppm ) ] - 273 . 15. Propagated temperature uncertainties are ±20–30 °C (2σ) for the experimental data set calibration, and ±10–15 °C (2σ) for the combined data set. Compared to previous experimental calibrations, the refined thermometer predicts temperatures up to 40 °C lower for T ≤ 550 °C, and systematically higher temperatures for T &gt; 800 °C. With careful attention to distributions of Zr in rutile grains, precisions of ±5 °C and accuracies ~±15 °C may be possible, although a poor understanding of how to select compositions for thermometry will typically lead to larger uncertainties. The ZiR calibration promises continued high-precision and accurate thermometry, and possibly improved thermodynamic properties, but the sources of compositional variability in rutile warrant further scrutiny.

The eminent British architect, designer and educator Charles Robert Ashbee (1863–1942) lived and worked in Jerusalem from 1918 to 1922, as Civic Adviser to the City of Jerusalem and principal officer of the Pro-Jerusalem Society. This proved to be a busy and fruitful period in his late career. Back in England sixteen years later, following a final visit to Palestine, Ashbee compiled his Jerusalem Collection, assembling and classifying all the research and planning material he had collected and developed during his Jerusalem years. Edited by Ashbee in his old age and never published in its entirety — and therefore remaining virtually unknown — the collection contains not only textual material but also hundreds of original drawings, plans and watercolour perspectives, together with photographs, the illustrated material bearing autograph annotations throughout.

Enantiopure epoxides are versatile synthetic intermediates for producing optically active pharmaceuticals. In an effort to provide more options for the preparation of enantiopure epoxides, a variant of the epoxide hydrolase (vEH-Am) gene from a marine microorganism Agromyces mediolanus was synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombiant vEH-Am displayed a molecular weight of 43 kDa and showed high stability with a half-life of 51.1 h at 30 °C. The purified vEH-Am exhibited high enantioselectivity towards styrene oxide (SO) and benzyl glycidyl ether (BGE). The vEH-Am preferentially converted (S)-SO, leaving (R)-SO with the enantiomeric excess (ee) >99%. However, (R)-BGE was preferentially hydrolyzed by vEH-Am, resulting in (S)-BGE with >99% ee. To investigate the origin of regioselectivity, the interactions between vEH-Am and enantiomers of SO and BGE were analyzed by molecular docking simulation. In addition, it was observed that the yields of (R)-SO and (S)-BGE decreased with the increase of substrate concentrations. The yield of (R)-SO was significantly increased by adding 2% (v/v) Tween-20 or intermittent supplementation of the substrate. To our knowledge, vEH-Am displayed the highest enantioselectivity for the kinetic resolution of racemic BGE among the known EHs, suggesting promising applications of vEH-Am in the preparation of optically active BGE.

Highly enantioselective desymmetrization of σ-symmetric 3′-substituted 2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2,6-diyl diacetate derivatives to the corresponding monoacetates was effected by using Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) and porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), despite the remoteness of the C(3′) substituent from the acetate groups. ROL promoted hydrolysis of the pro-S acetates, irrespective of the type of C(3′) substituent, whereas PPL promoted hydrolysis of the pro-R acetates, and selectivity was only attainable when the C(3′) substituent was a polar group.

Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou investigar percepções de estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao medo e à ansiedade em relação ao manejo de pacientes e ao risco de infecção por COVID-19. Materiais e métodos: Esse estudo transversal envolveu todos os alunos regularmente matriculados em Odontologia, no primeiro semestre de 2020, da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Um questionário foi aplicado, coletando dados demográficos, nível de formação e perguntas relacionadas ao medo e ansiedade frente à pandemia de COVID-19. Quatro comparações de acordo com a fase da graduação (fase pré-clínica ou clínica), nível de graduação e pós-graduação e de acordo com os sexos foram feitas. Análises independentes para as comparações entre os sexos foram realizadas para os alunos de graduação e de pós-graduação (α<5%). Resultados: Foram incluídos 408 estudantes. Na graduação, mulheres relataram sentirem-se mais ansiosas ao realizar tratamento em pacientes com suspeita de COVID-19 (54%) e sentem mais medo ao ouvir que a infecção tem causado mortes (92,4%), na pós-graduação, responderam ser mais nervosas para conversar com pacientes em ambientes fechados em comparações com homens (P<0,05). Alunos em fase pré-clínica possuem significativamente menor receio (65,5%), ansiedade (32,3%) e nervosismo (28,3%) do contágio do COVID-19 quando comparados com aqueles na fase clínica. Conclusões: Mulheres e alunos na fase clínica apresentam maior ansiedade e nervosismo. Descritores: Ansiedade; Estudantes de Odontologia; Medo; Infecções por Coronavírus. Referências Chang J, Yuan Y, Wang D. [Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020;40(2):171-176. World Health Organization. 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Transmission routes of 2019-nCoV and controls in dental practice. Int J Oral Sci. 2020;12(1):9. Machado RA, Bonan PRF, Perez DEDC, Martelli Júnior H. COVID-19 pandemic and the impact on dental education: discussing current and future perspectives. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e083. Ataş O, Talo Yildirim T. Evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and clinical education of dental students about COVID-19 pandemic. PeerJ. 2020;8:e9575. Deery C. The COVID-19 pandemic: implications for dental education. Evid Based Dent. 2020;21(2):46-47. Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. Int J Med Educ. 2017;8:179-186. Elani HW, Allison PJ, Kumar RA, Mancini L, Lambrou A, Bedos C. A systematic review of stress in dental students. J Dent Educ. 2014; 78(2):226-42. Sahu P. Closure of Universities Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Impact on Education and Mental Health of Students and Academic Staff. Cureus. 2020;12(4):e7541. Ahmed MA, Jouhar R, Ahmed N, Adnan S, Aftab M, Zafar MS, Khurshid Z. Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(8):2821. Talevi D, Socci V, Carai M, Carnaghi G, Faleri S, Trebbi E, di Bernardo A, Capelli F, Pacitti F. Mental health outcomes of the CoViD-19 pandemic. Riv Psichiatr. 2020;55(3):137-44. Mijiritsky E, Hamama-Raz Y, Liu F, Datarkar AN, Mangani L, Caplan J, Shacham A, Kolerman R, Mijiritsky O, Ben-Ezra M, Shacham M. Subjective Overload and Psychological Distress among Dentists during COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5074. Rymarowicz J, Stefura T, Major P, Szeliga J, Wallner G, Nowakowski M, Pędziwiatr M. General surgeons' attitudes towards COVID-19: A national survey during the SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak. Eur Surg. 2020;1-6. Adams JG, Walls RM. Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic. JAMA. 2020;323(15):1439-40. Naz N, Iqbal S, Mahmood A. Stress, anxiety and depression among the dental students of university college of medicine and dentistry Lahore; Pakistan. Pak J Med Health Sci. 2017;11(4):1277-81. Waqas A, Iftikhar A, Malik Z, Aedma KK, Meraj H, Naveed S. Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study. Global Psychiatry. 2019;2(2):211-20. Wang Y, Di Y, Ye J, Wei W. Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China. Psychol Health Med. 2020;1-10. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, Chen-Li D, Iacobucci M, Ho R, Majeed A, McIntyre RS. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020;277:55-64. Liu N, Zhang F, Wei C, Jia Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Wu L, Sun Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Liu W. Prevalence and predictors of PTSS during COVID-19 outbreak in China hardest-hit areas: Gender differences matter. Psychiatry Res. 2020;287;112921. Terán E, Mayta-Tovalino F. Risk Factors, Self-perceived Stress, and Clinical Training among Dentistry Students in Peru: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2019;20(5):561-5. Uraz A, Tocak YS, Yozgatligil C, Cetiner S, Bal B. Psychological well-being, health, and stress sources in Turkish dental students. J Dent Educ. 2013:77(10):1345-55. Agius AM, Gatt G, Vento Zahra E, Busuttil A, Gainza-Cirauqui ML, Cortes ARG et al. Self-reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12409. Hu J, Zou H, Dai Y, Feng Z. How to keep students engaged in oral health education during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Dent Educ. 2020. doi: 10.1002/jdd.12420. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e17-8. Maia BR, Dias PC. Anxiety, depression and stress in university students: the impact of COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas). 2020;37:e200067.

A higiene bucal, parte integrante dos cuidados corporais, é realizada com o auxílio de dispositivos, em especial, a escova dental. Com a evolução tecnológica, as escovas dentais passaram a ser fabricadas com diferentes materiais. Objetivou-se investigar as marcas e modelos de escovas dentárias disponíveis no mercado brasileiro; analisar a legislação vigente sobre a produção e verificar as informações fornecidas pelo fabricante ao consumidor final. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, qualitativo, de análise documental. Foi realizado levantamento nas páginas eletrônicas da Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e do Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia sobre a legislação vigente, que estabelece as características exigidas para produção e comercialização de escovas dentárias. Foram pesquisadas marcas e modelos disponíveis no mercado brasileiro, nas páginas eletrônicas das empresas, fabricantes ou importadoras e em pontos de vendas para o consumidor final para verificar as informações disponíveis nas embalagens. A Resolução N° 54/17 da Diretoria Colegiada da ANVISA, estabelece algumas características físicas, tais como: largura máxima da cabeça e comprimento mínimo da escova dentária. Foram incluídos nesta pesquisa 20 marcas comerciais, as quais distribuem 108 modelos no mercado brasileiro. Apenas 2 modelos (1,85%) apresentaram todas as informações exigidas pela resolução da ANVISA, sendo a “supervisão do adulto” e “orientação do dentista” os itens menos contemplados. Não apresentaram indicação para uso adulto ou infantil 44,4% do total. Conclui-se, que existem muitas marcas e modelos no mercado brasileiro, porém faltam informações importantes para o profissional realizar a indicação apropriada e o paciente, a aquisição consciente. Descritores: Escovação Dentária; Higiene Bucal; Saúde Bucal. Referências Jardim JJ, Alves LS, Maltz M. The history and global market of oral home-care products. Braz Oral Res. 2009;23(Suppl 1):17-22. Fischman SL. The history of oral hygiene products: how far have we come in 6000 years? Periodontol 2000. 1997;15:7-14. Borghi WMMC, Moimaz SAS, Saliba NA. Métodos alternativos para higienização bucal e terapêutica odontológica. Rev Inst Ciênc Saúde. 2005;23(4):309-14. McCauley HB. Toothbrushes, toothbrush materials and design. J Am Dent Assoc. 1946;33(5):283-93. Garfin LA. Tooth picks and tooth brushes. Dent Survery. 1964;40:102-8. Garbin CAS, Rovida TAS, Garbin AJÍ, Arcieri RM. Saúde bucal e educação infantil: avaliação do desgaste e do acondicionamento de escovas dentárias utilizadas por pré-escolares. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2012;41:148. Conforti NJ, Cordero RE, Liebman J, Bowman JP, Putt MS, Kuebler DS, et al. An investigation into the effect of three months’ clinical wear on toothbrush efficacy: results from two independent studies. J Clin Dent. 2003;14(2):29-33. Kaiser E, Meyners M, Markgraf D, Stoerkel U, von Koppenfels R, Adam R, et al. Brush head composition, wear profile, and cleaning efficacy: an assessment of three electric brush heads using in vitro methods. J Clin Dent. 2014;25(2):19–25. R aiyani CM, Arora R, Bhayya DP, Dogra S, Katageri AA, Singh V. Assessment of microbial contamination on twice a day used toothbrush head after 1-month and 3 months: an in vitro study. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2015;6(Suppl 1):S44-8. Hamal JD, Hensley DM, Maller SC, Palazzolo DJ, Vandewalle KS. An in vitro comparison of antimicrobial toothbrushes. Gen Dent. 2014;62(6):e24-7. Slot DE, Wiggelinkhuizen L, Rosema NA, Van der Weijden GA. The efficacy of manual toothbrushes following a brushing exercise: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2012;10(3):187–97. Niazi F, Naseem M, Khurshid Z, Zafar MS, Almas K. Role of Salvadora persica chewing stick (miswak): A natural toothbrush for holistic oral health. Eur J Dent. 2016;10(2):301-8. Ministério da Saúde. Resolução - RDC nº 142, de 17 de março de 2017. Dispõe sobre a regularização de produtos de higiene pessoal descartáveis destinados ao asseio corporal, que compreendem escovas e hastes para higiene bucal, fios e fitas dentais, absorventes higiênicos descartáveis, coletores menstruais e hastes flexíveis. Diário Oficial União. 2017 mar20. Ministério da Saúde. Portaria no 97, de 26 de junho de 1996. Dispõe sobre as Normas e Requisitos Técnicos, a que ficam sujeitos as escovas dentais, com ou sem pigmentos ou corantes nas cerdas. Diário Oficial União. 1996 jun 27. International Organization for Standardization. ISO 8627:1987: dentistry: stiffness of the tufted area of tooth-brushes. Disponível em: https://www.iso.org/standard/15961.html. Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior. Programa de análise de produtos: relatório da análise em escovas dentais para uso adulto e infantil. Disponível em: http://estaticog1.globo.com/2013/06/10/rel_escovas_dentais_final.pdf. Pontes TE, Costa TF, Marum ABRF, Brasil ALD, Taddei JAAC. Orientação nutricional de crianças e adolescentes e os novos padrões de consumo: propagandas, embalagens e rótulos. Rev Paul Pediatr. 2009;27(1):99-105. Associação Brasileira de Embalagem. Valor do design. Disponível em: http://www.abre.org.br/comitesdetrabalho/design/valor-do-design/ Bottan ER, Campos L, Odebrecht CMLR, Silveira EG, Schmitt P, Araújo SM. Critérios adotados para a escolha da escova dental: estudo com consumidores de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina (Brasil). RSBO Rev Sul-Bras Odontol. 2010;7(2):173-81. Yaacob M, Worthington HV, Deacon SA, Deery C, Walmsley AD, Robinson PG, et al. Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(6):CD002281. Vorwerk L, Ghassemi A, Hooper W, Patel V, Milleman J, Milleman K. Comparative plaque removal efficacy of a new powered toothbrush and a manual toothbrush. J Clin Dent. 2016;27(3):76–9. Li Z, He T, Li C, Sun L, Chang J, He Y, et al. A randomized 3-month clinical comparison of a power toothbrush to a manual toothbrush in the reduction of gingivitis. Am J Dent. 2016;29(4):193–6 Costa CC, Costa Filho LC, Sória ML, Mainardi APR. Plaque removal by manual and electric toothbrushing among children. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2001;15(4):296–301. Oliveira LB, Zardetto CGDC, Rocha RO, Rodrigues CRMD, Wanderley MT. Eficácia da escova dental convencional e de cabeça tripla na remoção do biofilme dental em crianças. RGO, Rev Gaúch Odontol. 2011;59(2):259–63. Kalf‐Scholte SM, Van der Weijden GA, Bakker EWP, Slot DE. Plaque removal with triple-headed vs single-headed manual toothbrushes: a systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg. 2018;16(1):13-23 Aass AM, Gjermo P. Comparison of oral hygiene efficacy of one manual and two electric toothbrushes. Acta Odontol Scand. 2000;58(4):166-70. Laher A, Kroon J, Booyens SJ. Effectiveness of four manual toothbrushes in a cohort of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in an academic training hospital. SADJ. 2003;58(6):231-37. Gomes LK, Sarmento CF, Seabra FRG, Santos PBD, Pinheiro FHSL. Randomized clinical controlled trial on the effectiveness of conventional and orthodontic manual toothbrushes. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26(4):360-65. Hogan LME, Daly CG, Curtis BH. Comparison of new and 3-month-old brush heads in the removal of plaque using a powered toothbrush. J Clin Periodontol. 2007;34(2):130-36. Rosema NA, Hennequin-Hoenderdos NL, Versteeg PA, van Palenstein Helderman WH, van der Velden U, et al. Plaque-removing efficacy of new and used manual toothbrushes: a professional brushing study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2013;11(4):237-43.

This article surveys the development of the theory of compact groups and pro-Lie groups, contextualizing the major achievements over 125 years and focusing on some progress in the last quarter century. It begins with developments in the 18th and 19th centuries. Next is from Hilbert’s Fifth Problem in 1900 to its solution in 1952 by Montgomery, Zippin, and Gleason and Yamabe’s important structure theorem on almost connected locally compact groups. This half century included profound contributions by Weyl and Peter, Haar, Pontryagin, van Kampen, Weil, and Iwasawa. The focus in the last quarter century has been structure theory, largely resulting from extending Lie Theory to compact groups and then to pro-Lie groups, which are projective limits of finite-dimensional Lie groups. The category of pro-Lie groups is the smallest complete category containing Lie groups and includes all compact groups, locally compact abelian groups, and connected locally compact groups. Amongst the structure theorems is that each almost connected pro-Lie group G is homeomorphic to RI×C for a suitable set I and some compact subgroup C. Finally, there is a perfect generalization to compact groups G of the age-old natural duality of the group algebra R[G] of a finite group G to its representation algebra R(G,R), via the natural duality of the topological vector space RI to the vector space R(I), for any set I, thus opening a new approach to the Hochschild-Tannaka duality of compact groups.

The structures of 2-(9-anthryl)-1-(9-anthrylmethyl)ethyl 2-(9 anthryl )ethyl succinate (A2A) and 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl acetate (AM) have been determined by X-ray diffraction, and the molecular fluorescence of the crystals has been established. The A2A crystal is triclinic while the AM crystal is monoclinic. A2A: Pī , a 18.514(5), b 11.802(3), c 10.836(3) Ǻ; α 99.63(2), β 85.75(2), γ 79.67(2)°, R 0.053 for 3547 observed reflections. AM: P21/c, a 12.566(2), b 12.991(2), c 8.805(2) Ǻ, β 97.84(1)°, R 0.040 for 1519 observed reflections. For the A2A molecule as for the previously studied A2PHEN and A2SC (see Part II), the bisanthracene moiety and a large part of the ester chain show similar conformations. The crystal cohesion is due to numerous van der Waals interactions in both compounds and to π intermolecular overlap between the anthracene moieties of neighbouring molecules of AM. The fluorescence emission of the AM crystal is of excimer type and correlates with the intermolecular stacking of the anthracene rings. In contrast, the emission from the A2A crystal was found to be very weak and with some similarity with the emission of the dilute solution. This is probably due to defects, not accounted for by the X-ray determination, permitting intramolecular interactions in the solid.

Abstract Data for stable C and N isotope natural abundances of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are currently sparse, as fungal material is difficult to access for analysis. So far, isotope analyses have been limited to lipid compounds associated with fungal membranes or storage structures (biomarkers), fungal spores and soil hyphae. However, it remains unclear whether any of these components are an ideal substitute for intraradical AM hyphae as the functional nutrient trading organ. Thus, we isolated intraradical hyphae of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis from roots of the grass Festuca ovina and the legume Medicago sativa via an enzymatic and a mechanical approach. In addition, extraradical hyphae were isolated from a sand-soil mix associated with each plant. All three approaches revealed comparable isotope signatures of R. irregularis hyphae. The hyphae were 13C- and 15N-enriched relative to leaves and roots irrespective of the plant partner, while they were enriched only in 15N compared with soil. The 13C enrichment of AM hyphae implies a plant carbohydrate source, whereby the enrichment was likely reduced by an additional plant lipid source. The 15N enrichment indicates the potential of AM fungi to gain nitrogen from an organic source. Our isotope signatures of the investigated AM fungus support recent findings for mycoheterotrophic plants which are suggested to mirror the associated AM fungi isotope composition. Stable isotope natural abundances of intraradical AM hyphae as the functional trading organ for bi-directional carbon-for-mineral nutrient exchanges complement data on spores and membrane biomarkers.

Introdução: A candidemia é uma das infecções nasocomiais mais frequentes a nível mundial e apresenta diferentes espécies de Candida envolvidas com o desenvolvimento dessa patologia. Objetivo: Este estudo analisou os aspectos epidemiológicos e as diferentes espécies de Candida associadas à candidemia. Material e Métodos: Uma revisão de literatura foi realizada, através da leitura de artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados Pubmed e Scielo nos últimos cinco anos. Utilizou-se as seguintes combinações de descritores: Candidemia, Candidemia e Prevalência, Candidemia e Incidência, Candidemia e Candida. Resultados: A candidemia é a infecção fúngica mais hostil atualmente encontrada e prevalente nas populações estudadas. A população mais afetada são os recém-nascidos. Apresenta altas taxas de mortalidade e disseminação em várias partes do mundo. A nutrição parenteral, a administração de antibióticos de amplo espectro, hospitalização prolongada, cirurgia prévia e colonização por Candida sp são os principais fatores de risco relatados na literatura. Múltiplas espécies fúngicas estão associadas a essa condição, porém C. albicans é a mais predominante, seguida por C. parapsilosis e C. tropicalis. Conclusões: A Candidemia é uma patologia prevalente e apresenta alta incidência e morbimortalidade nas populações estudadas das diferentes partes do mundo. C. albicans é a espécie mais associada, seguida por C. parapsilosis e C. tropicalis. Descritores: Candidemia; Prevalência; Incidência; Candida. Referências Treviño-Rangel RJ, Peña-López CD, Hernández-Rodríguez PA, Beltrán-Santiago D, González GM. Association between Candida biofilm-forming bloodstream isolates and the clinical evolution in patients with candidemia: An observational nine-year single center study in Mexico. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2018;35(1):11-16. Kaur H, Chakrabarti A. Strategies to Reduce Mortality in Adult and Neonatal Candidemia in Developing Countries. J Fungi (Basel). 2017;3(3):41. Wu PF, Liu WL, Hsieh MH, Hii IM, Lee YL, Lin YT et al. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of candidemia isolates of non-albicans Candida species from cancer patients. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017;6(10):e87. Vasilyeva NV, Raush ER, Rudneva MV, Bogomolova TS, Taraskina AE, Fang Y et al. Etiology of invasive candidosis agents in Russia: a multicenter epidemiological survey. Front Med. 2018;12(1):84-91. Barchiesi F, Orsetti E, Osimani P, Catassi C, Santelli F, Manso E. Factors related to outcome of bloodstream infections due to Candida parapsilosis complex. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:387. Barchiesi F, Orsetti E, Mazzanti S, Trave F, Salvi A, Nitti C, Manso E. Candidemia in the elderly: What does it change? PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0176576. Benedict K, Roy M, Kabbani S, Anderson EJ, Farley MM, Harb S et al. Neonatal and pediatric candidemia: results from population-based active laboratory surveillance in four US locations, 2009-2015. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2018;7(3):e78-e85. Bhattacharjee P. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of Candida species in a tertiary care hospital, Kolkata, India. Curr Med Mycol. 2016;2(2):20-7. Breda GL, Tuon FF, Meis JF, Herkert PF, Hagen F, de Oliveira LZ, Dias VC, da Cunha CA, Queiroz-Telles F. Breakthrough candidemia after the introduction of broad spectrum antifungal agents: A 5-year retrospective study. Med Mycol. 2018;56(4):406-15 Caggiano G, Lovero G, De Giglio O, Barbuti G, Montagna O, Laforgia N et al. Candidemia in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a retrospective, observational survey and analysis of literature Data. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:7901763. Fu J, Ding Y, Wei B, Wang L, Xu S, Qin P, Wei L, Jiang L. Epidemiology of Candida albicans and non-C.albicans of neonatal candidemia at a tertiary care hospital in western China. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):329. Guzzetti LB, Vescina CM, Gil MF, Gatti BM. Candidemias en pediatría: distribución de especies y sensibilidad a los antifúngicos [Candidemia in Pediatrics: Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility]. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2017;49(4):320-22. Kofteridis DP, Valachis A, Dimopoulou D, Andrianaki AM, Christidou A, Maraki S, Spernovasilis NA, Samonis G. Factors Influencing Non-albicans Candidemia: A Case-Case-Control Study. 2017; 182(7-8):665-72. Kubiak DW, Farmakiotis D, Arons V, Hollins RM, Rostas SE, Weiser LM et al. Utility of in-house fluconazole disk diffusion susceptibility testing in the treatment of candidemia. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2016;84(3):223-26. Li D, Zhang W, Zheng S, Ma Z, Zhang P, Liu Z. Surveillance study of candidemia in cancer patients in North China. Med Mycol. 2013;51(4):378-84. Li D, Xia R, Zhang Q, Bai C, Li Z, Zhang P. Evaluation of candidemia in epidemiology and risk factors among cancer patients in a cancer center of China: an 8-year case-control study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):536. Lortholary O, Renaudat C, Sitbon K, Desnos-Ollivier M, Bretagne S, Dromer F; French Mycoses Study Group. The risk and clinical outcome of candidemia depending on underlying Intensive Care Med. 2017; 43(5):652-62. Lovero G, De Giglio O, Montagna O, Diella G, Divenuto F, Lopuzzo M, Rutigliano S, Laforgia N, Caggiano G, Montagna MT. Epidemiology of candidemia in neonatal intensive care units: a persistent public health problem. Ann Ig. 2016;28(4):282-87. Márquez F, Iturrieta I, Calvo M, Urrutia M, Godoy-Martínez P. Epidemiología y susceptibilidad antifúngica de especies causantes de candidemia en la ciudad de Valdivia, Chile [Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility of species producing candidemia in Valdivia, Chile]. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2017;34(5):441-46. Pinhati HM, Casulari LA, Souza AC, Siqueira RA, Damasceno CM, Colombo AL. Outbreak of candidemia caused by fluconazole resistant Candida parapsilosis strains in an intensive care unit. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):433. Siri L, Legarraga P, García P, González T, Rabagliati R. Cambios clínicos y epidemiológicos de candidemias en pacientes adultos desde 2000 a 2013. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2017;34(1):19-26. Spiers R, Smyth B, Lamagni T, Rooney P, Dorgan E, Wyatt T et al. The epidemiology and management of candidemia in Northern Ireland during 2002-2011, including a 12-month enhanced case review. Med Mycol. 2019;57(1):23-9. Tiraboschi IN, Pozzi NC, Farías L, García S, Fernández NB. Epidemiología, especies, resistencia antifúngica y evolución de las candidemias en un hospital universitario de Buenos Aires, Argentina, durante 16 años [Epidemiology, species, antifungal resistance and outcome of candidemia in a university hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina for 16 years]. Rev Chilena Infectol. 2017;34(5):431-40. Vena A, Bouza E, Valerio M, Padilla B, Paño-Pardo JR, Fernández-Ruiz M et al. Candidemia in non-ICU surgical wards: comparison with medical wards. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185339. Kelly MS, Benjamin DK Jr, Smith PB. The epidemiology and diagnosis of invasive candidiasis among premature infants. Clin Perinatol. 2015;42(1):105-17, viii-ix. Wu JQ, Zhu LP, Ou XT, Xu B, Hu XP, Wang X et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for non-Candida albicans candidemia in non-neutropenic patients at a Chinese teaching hospital. Med Mycol. 2011;49(5):552-55. Navalkele BD, Revankar S, Chandrasekar P. Candida auris: a worrisome, globally emerging pathogen. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2017;15(9):819-27. Spivak ES, Hanson KE. Candida auris: an Emerging Fungal Pathogen. J Clin Microbiol. 2018;56(2):e01588-17. Colombo AL, Guimarães T, Sukienik T, Pasqualotto AC, Andreotti R, Queiroz-Telles F et al. Prognostic factors and historical trends in the epidemiology of candidemia in critically ill patients: an analysis of five multicenter studies sequentially conducted over a 9-year period Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(10):1489-98. Gehring GM, Carrilho CMM, Pelisson M, Perugini M, Tano ZN. Candidemia: Revisão Bibliográfica. J Infect Control. 2015;4(4):1-19. Lepak A, Andes D. Fungal sepsis: optimizing antifungal therapy in the critical care setting. Crit Care Clin. 2011;27(1):123-47. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes DR, Clancy CJ, Marr KA, Ostrosky-Zeichner L et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Candidiasis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(4):e1-50. Wisplinghoff H, Ebbers J, Geurtz L, Stefanik D, Major Y, Edmond MB et al. Nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Candida spp. in the USA: species distribution, clinical features and antifungal susceptibilities. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014;43(1):78-81.

SummaryIn eighteen patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), ingrade III or IV coma, both protein C antigen and activity weresignificantly decreased (0.35 ± 0.03 u/ml and 0.35 ± 0.03 u/ml respectively). There was a significant correlation between pro-tein C antigen and activity (r = 0.61, p <0.01). Protein C antigenlevels were inversely correlated with prothrombin time (r =−0.57, p <0.05) as were protein C activity levels (r = —0.57, p<0.05). There was also significant correlations between fibrinogen and protein C antigen (r = 0.69, p <0.01) and protein Cactivity (r = 0.61, p <0.01). These results demonstrate that thenaturally occurring inhibitor of coagulation, protein C, is presentat low levels in FHF and this is probably due to the lack ofsynthesis of the protein in the damaged liver. The low levels ofprotein C may make these patients more susceptible to thedisseminated intravascular coagulation which is known to occur inFHF and this in turn will lead to a further reduction in protein Clevels.