Journal articles on the topic 'R. C. Srivastava'

Chemistry Group, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani-333 031, India Department of Biotechnology, University of Allahabad, Allahabad-211 002, India industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Lucknow, India <em>E-mail :</em> rcs@bits-pilani.ac.in&nbsp; &nbsp; Fax: 91-1596-24418 <em>Manuscript received 25 October 2002</em> The question, why body temperature of homeothermic animals during non-hybernation period is around 36&deg;C has been addressed to. Solubility of oxygen in blood has been determined at different temperatures and has been found to be maximum at 37&deg;C. This observation has been shown to be consistent with John Paul&#39;s conclusion derived from the minimum noticed by him in the specific heat of water around 36&deg;C.

In the early 20th century, the Haber-Bosch process emerged as a means to artificially synthesize NH3 from N2. Once converted to NH3, it becomes readily transformable into other reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds, proving instrumental to humanity as a chemical fertilizer and industrial feedstock. However, recent assessments concerning “planetary boundaries” have underscored the substantial release of Nr into the environment, precipitating environmental challenges such as global warming, air pollution, water contamination, eutrophication, and biodiversity depletion (W. Steffen, K. Richardson, J. Rockström, S. E. Cornell, I. Fetzer, E. M. Bennett, R. Biggs, S. R. Carpenter, W. de Vries, C. A. de Wit, C. Folke, D. Gerten, J. Heinke, G. M. Mace, L. M. Persson, V. Ramanathan, B. Reyers, S. Sörlin, Science 2015, 347, 1259855). As consciousness surrounding carbon neutrality burgeons, the imperative to address nitrogen neutrality also emerges as a pressing concern. When (NH4)2SO4 is administered as a fertilizer, it undergoes conversion into NO3 –, a form of Nr, facilitated by soil microorganisms. This NO3 – infiltrates groundwater and courses into the ocean via river systems, engendering pollution at various points along its trajectory. Presently, the predominant approach for NO3 – remediation entails microbial conversion of NO3 – into N2, employing a hydrogen donor as a reductive agent. However, this method generates N2 from NO3 – using a hydrogen donor, thereby perpetuating the need for NH3 synthesized via the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Hence, a preferable alternative involves the conversion of NO3 – into NH3 for subsequent reuse. In this study, we present the transformation of NO3 – into NH3 utilizing CH4, a reductive agent obtainable from renewable sources, and light, a sustainable energy source, catalyzed by an organorhenium complex (T. Matsumoto, G. Nakamura, Japanese Patent 2022-110214). CH4 can be derived from livestock waste via CH4 fermentation, with the production of CH4 from renewable sources already established as a practical technology in many parts of the world, primarily harnessed for CH4-based power generation (R. Singh, P. K. Mishra, N. Srivastava, A. Shrivastav and K. R. Srivastava, in Bioenergy Research: Evaluating Strategies for Commercialization and Sustainability, ed., N. Srivastava and M. Srivastava, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2021, pp. 245–254).

ABSTRACT Schwannomas or neurilemmomas are benign, encapsulated tumor arising from nerve sheath cells. Intracranial Schwannomas are most common with rare occurrence in the extracranial region. It rarely occurs in the floor of the mouth with very few cases reported. We present a rare case report of Schwannoma of the floor of the mouth, thereby highlighting the consideration of this rare entity as one of the differential diagnosis in cases who present to us with swelling of the floor of the mouth and also the importance of immunohistochemistry in coming to the diagnosis. How to cite this article Srivastava A, Mohan C, Bhardwaj P, Agrawal R. Intraoral Schwannoma: A Rare Case Report. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):20-22.

ABSTRACT Epidermoid cysts are common lesions, but malignant transformation of their epithelium is rare. There are few case reports in the literature concerning malignant transformation of an epidermal cyst into squamous cell carcinoma. Two epidermoid cysts occurring simultaneously in the neck is rare and not a single case report is available in the literature. One of the cysts transforming into squamous cell carcinoma and the other showing atypical changes is still the rarest and not reported till date. We present a case of two epidermal inclusion cysts in a patient out of which there were atypical changes in one cyst and other cyst showed squamous cell carcinoma. How to cite this article Mohan C, Srivastava A, Agrawal R, Bhardwaj P. A Rare Case of Epidermoid Cyst in Neck. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(1):15-17.

ABSTRACT Filariasis is endemic worldwide with the main focus in the tropical areas. Reported cases of filarial lymphadenopathy are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, which is limited to the groin, the femoral triangle, and axilla, causing lymphedema of lower and upper limbs, and is usually diagnosed clinically and by the presence of microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. We are reporting an unusual case of cervical lymphadenitis, which on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed microfilaria of a rare species, Brugia malayi. The purpose of this article is to make clinicians aware of this rare disease as one of the differential diagnoses of cervical lymphadenopathy in an endemic country like India. How to cite this article Srivastava A, Mohan C, Kumar S, Agarwal R. Brugia malayi in Cervical Lymph Node Aspirate: A Rare Case Report. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(2):79-80.

ABSTRACT Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the middle ear cleft. It is of two types: Mucosal and squamosal, and it can present with life-threatening complications. A surgery of very small structure, like inner and middle ear, is very difficult to do accurately with naked eyes and this led to the evolution of magnifying devices, like loupes, microscopes, and endoscopes. With time, electronic devices came into picture and a trained coordinated move of the hand under microscopeassisted eyes gave accurate and better surgery results. The use of microscopes has crossed the territory of otology and many other surgical specialties are also using like neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and ophthalmology. How to cite this article Singh R, Mohan C, Srivastava A. Glimpses of Evolution of Micro-ear Surgery. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016;1(3):119-122.

IntroductionOne of the most researched theories of personality is the Five Factor Model, frequently evaluated through the Big Five Inventory 44-item BFI. Although there is an Arabic version, its psychometrical properties in Kuwaiti population are yet unknown.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the BFI and its factorial structure in an Arabic non-clinical sample.MethodsThe participants were 685 first year undergraduate Kuwaitis: 305 males mean age = 22.77 ± 4.57 and 380 females; mean age = 19.61 ± 2.59). The Arabic version of BFI (John and Srivastava, 1999) was administered to participants. The internal consistency reliability, factor structure, and convergent validity of the BFI with PFQ-C (Barbaranelli, Caprara, Robasca, and Pastorelli, 2003) were assessed.ResultsInternal consistency was satisfactory for the Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness subscales respectively (Cronbach's alpha = 0.83, 0.82, 0.79, 0.82, 0.90) for males and (Cronbach's alpha = 0.74, 0.83, 0.85, 0.81, 0.92) for females. The results revealed significant gender differences where the males obtained a higher score than females on extraversion and conscientiousness, while females obtained a higher score than males on neuroticism. Principal component analyses (PCA) showed that a five-component solution explains 42.27% of the total variance for males and 41.47% for females. The convergent correlations in sample between the BFI and PFQ-C (mean r = 54) for validity coefficients.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the BFI is a brief measure of the Big Five personality traits and it provides satisfactory reliable and valid data.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been shown to produce profound results in the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies, however treatment of solid tumors with CAR T cells has not been as successful. Studies have suggested that T-cell exhaustion plays a role in limiting the ability of CAR T cells to eradicate solid tumors. Additionally, stem-like qualities of T cells have been associated with better outcomes in patients treated with cellular therapies, including CAR T cells. Therefore, maintaining stem-like qualities and overcoming T-cell exhaustion may be key to improving clinical efficacy of CAR T cells in patients with solid tumors. ROR1 is a cell surface antigen expressed in several solid tumor types and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ROR1 expression has been reported in 57% of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as well as 42% of adenocarcinoma and 12% of squamous cell carcinoma subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These expression data of ROR1 in TNBC and NSCLC provide support for anti-ROR1 agents as a therapeutic strategy for these cancers. LYL797 is a novel, ROR1-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product that incorporates genetic and epigenetic reprogramming technologies, Gen-R and Epi-R, to overcome barriers of CAR T-cell therapies in solid tumors. The ROR1-specific CAR contains a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from an R12 rabbit monoclonal antibody that recognizes and binds with high specificity to human ROR1. Gen-R is ex vivo genetic reprogramming technology that engineers CAR T cells to overexpress c-Jun. Dysregulation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) has been implicated in CAR T-cell exhaustion, and studies have demonstrated that overexpression of c-Jun renders CAR T cells less susceptible to exhaustion, enhancing both anti-tumor efficacy and persistence in preclinical models of hematologic and solid tumors. Epi-R is a proprietary optimized manufacturing process that results in maintenance of stem-like phenotype and function of T-cell products. In preclinical studies LYL797 cells reprogrammed with Gen-R and Epi-R led to improved functional activity in the presence of ROR1+ tumor cells compared to conventional ROR1 CAR T cells. Additional studies are underway to determine the mechanisms by which antitumor activity of LYL797 in ROR1-positive solid tumor xenograft models is enhanced. LYL797 is anticipated to enter into Phase 1 clinical trials for TNBC and NSCLC in 2022. Citation Format: Spencer Park, Courtney Simianer, Sydney Spadinger, Xiao Wang, Purnima Sundar, Shobha Potluri, Rachel Lynn, Bijan Boldajipour, Grace Wang, Neeraj Sharma, Hajime Hiraragi, Veena Krishnamoorthy, Suman Kumar Vodnala, E-Ching Ong, Chang-Chih Wu, Martin Wohlfahrt, Byoung Ryu, Lisa Song, Brian D. Weitzner, Howell Moffett, Marc Lajoie, Scott Boyken, Tamer Shabaneh, Shivani Srivastava, Tina Albertson, Blythe Sather. LYL797, a ROR1 CAR T-cell therapy with genetic and epigenetic reprogramming for solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2754.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Present study aims to analyze the arsenate bioaccumulation and antioxidant defense responses in fronds of terrestrial fern <em>Ampelopteris prolifera</em> (Retz.) Copel and an aquatic fern <em>Azolla pinnata</em> R. Br. Both the ferns were exposed to increased concentrations of sodium arsenate (As; 0, 20, 60, 100, and 160 mg L^-1) with Hoagland nutrient solution. Shoot dry weight reduced in both ferns at 160 mg As L^-1 with higher decline in <em>A. pinnata</em> than <em>A. prolifera</em>. Fronds accumulated considerably higher As than roots but, compared to <em>A. pinnata</em>, <em>A. prolifera</em> transferred greater amount of As aboveground. Proper coordination among antioxidant defense facilitated high As accumulation in both ferns, but they differed in mechanistic responses. Reduced activities of ascorbate (AsA)-glutathione (GSH) cycle enzymes and increased level of &gamma;-glutamyl transpeptidases (&gamma;-GT) resulted in significant decline in GSH and AsA redox in <em>A. pinnata</em> at 160 mg As L^-1. Contrastingly, powered by increased antioxidant defense capacity and reduced level of &gamma;-GT, <em>A. prolifera</em> prevented As-induced oxidative damage. As triggered oxidative damage in <em>A. pinnata</em> through membrane lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage at 160 mg As L^-1. This consequently inhibited plant growth and As accumulation potential of the aquatic fern. <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Ampeloptens prolifera, Azolla pinnata,</em> Aresenate, antioxidant, oxidative damage. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Beyer, W.F. and Fridovich, I. 1987. Assaying for superoxide dismutase activity: some large consequences of minor changes in condition. Anal. Biochem. 161: 559-566. Bradford, M.M. 1976. 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Introdução: Lesões endoperiodontais são lesões originadas de produtos inflamatórios encontrados tanto em periodonto quanto em polpa. Tais lesões podem se originar devido a uma infecção pulpar ou periodontal. Visando o prognóstico favorável, é imprescindível o conhecimento da etiologia, realização do correto diagnóstico e elaboração do plano de tratamento que envolve o tratamento endodôntico precedido do tratamento periodontal. Objetivo: O propósito do presente trabalho foi de relatar um caso clínico de lesão endoperiodontal e o tratamento realizado. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente gênero feminino, 51 anos, compareceu à clínica com uma fístula na região do dente 46, procedeu-se com exame radiográfico, rastreamento de fístula, testes endodônticos e avaliação periodontal. Foi diagnosticada lesão endoperiodontal. Executou-se, então, o tratamento endodôntico em sessões múltiplas, utilizando hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal e o tratamento periodontal concomitante; finalizou-se endodontia obturando-se os canais radiculares. Conclusão: Observou-se, no controle, que a associação de tratamentos foi eficaz e houve melhora significativa do quadro, constatando-se silêncio clínico e sucesso do tratamento. Realizar o tratamento conservador a despeito da exodontia foi a melhor escolha para a paciente.&#x0D; Descritores: Endodontia; Periodontia; Polpa Dentária; Periodonto.&#x0D; Referências&#x0D; &#x0D; Sunitha VR, Emmadi P, Namasivayam A, Thyegarajan R, Rajaraman V. The periodontal - endodontic continuum A review. J Conserv Dent. 2008;11(2):54-62.&#x0D; Betancourt P, Elgueta R, Fuentes R. Treatment of endo-periodontal lesion using leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin - a case report. Colomb Med. 2017;48(4):204-7.&#x0D; Lopes HP, Siqueira JF. Endodontia: Biologia e Técnica. 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Br Dent J. 2014;216(6):275-9.&#x0D; Schmidt JC, Walter C, Amato M, Weiger R. Treatment of periodontal-endodontic lesions--a systematic review. J Clin Periodontol. 2014; 41(8):779-90.&#x0D; Jivoinovici R, Suciu I, Dimitriu B, Perlea P, Bartok R, Malita M, Ionescu C. Endo-periodontal lesion--endodontic approach. J Med Life. 2014;7(4):542-44.&#x0D; Estrela C. Endodontia laboratorial e clínica, Série Abeno: Odontologia Essencial - Parte Clínica. São Paulo: Artes Médicas; 2013.&#x0D; Vera J, Siqueira JF Jr, Ricucci D, Loghin S, Fernández N, Flores B et al. One-versus two-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a histobacteriologic study. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1040-52.&#x0D; Mohammadi Z, Dummer PMH. Properties and applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics and dental traumatology. Inter Endod J. 2011;44(8):697-730.&#x0D; Batista VES, Olian DA, Mori GG. Diffusion of hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide and aloe vera pastes. Braz Dent J. 2014;25(3):212-16.&#x0D; Pereira TC, da Silva Munhoz Vasconcelos LR, Graeff MSZ, Ribeiro MCM, Duarte MAH, de Andrade FB. Intratubular decontamination ability and physicochemical properties of calcium hydroxidepastes. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1253-62.&#x0D; Andolfatto C, da Silva GF, Cornélio AL, Guerreiro-Tanomaru JM, Tanomaru-Filho M, Faria G, Bonetti-Filho I, Cerri PS. Biocompatibility of intracanal medications based on calcium hydroxide. ISRN Dent. 2012;2012:904963. &#x0D; Duque TM, Prado M, Herrera DR, Gomes BPFA. Periodontal and endodontic infectious/inflammatory profile in primary periodontal lesions with secondary endodontic involvement after a calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medication. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(1):53-63.&#x0D; Kim D, Kim E. Antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament in root canal treatment: a literature review - Part I. In vitro studies. Restor Dent Endod. 2014; 39(4):241-52.&#x0D; Adl A, Motamedifar M, Shams MS, Mirzaie A. Clinical investigation of the effect of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing on bacterial lipopolysaccharide reduction from infected root canals. Aust Endod J. 2015;41(1):12-6.&#x0D; Hilton TJ, Ferracane JL, Mancl L; Northwest Practice-based Research Collaborative in Evidence-based Dentistry (NWP). Comparison of CaOH with MTA for direct pulp capping: a PBRN randomized clinical trial. J Dent Res. 2013;92(7 Suppl):16S-22S.&#x0D; Labban N, Yassen GH, Windsor LJ, Platt JA. The direct cytotoxic effects of medicaments used in endodontic regeneration on human dental pulp cells. Dent Traumatol. 2014;30(6):429-34.&#x0D; McIntyre PW, Wu JL, Kolte R, Zhang R, Gregory RL, Bruzzaniti A, Yassen GH. The antimicrobial properties, cytotoxicity, and differentiation potential of double antibiotic intracanal medicaments loaded into hydrogel system. Clin Oral Investig. 2019;23(3):1051-59. &#x0D; Bergenholtz, G., Hasselgren, G. Endodontics and periodontics. In: Lindhe, K., Karring, T., Lang, N. Clinical periodontology and implant dentistry. Copenhagen:Munksgaard; 2015.&#x0D; Harrington GW, Steiner DR, Ammons WF. The periodontal-endodontic controversy. Periodontol 2000. 2002;30:123-30. &#x0D; Fernandes LA, Martins TM, Almeida JM, Nagata MJ, Theodoro LH, Garcia VG, Bosco AF. Experimental periodontal disease treatment by subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride in rats. J Appl Oral Sci. 2010;18(6):635-40. &#x0D; Storrer CM, Bordin GM, Pereira TT. How to diagnose and treat periodontal endodontic lesions? 2012;9(4):427-33.&#x0D; Verma PK, Srivastava R, Gupta KK, Srivastava A. Combined endodontic periodontal lesions: A clinical dilema. J Interdiscip Dent. 2011;1(2):119-24.&#x0D; Oh SL, Fouad AF, Park SH. Treatment strategy for guided tissue regeneration in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: case report and review. J Endod. 2009;35(10):1331-36.&#x0D; Malli R, Lele P, Vishakha. Guided tissue regeneration in communicating periodontal and endodontic lesions - a hope for the hopeless. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2011;15(4):410-13.&#x0D; Ghezzi C, Virzì M, Schupbach P, Broccaioli A, Simion M. Treatment of combined endodontic-periodontic lesions using guided tissue regeneration: clinical case and histology. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2012;32(4):433-9.&#x0D; Sun J, Liu Q. [Bio-Oss collagen bone grafting in the treatment of endodontic-periodontic lesion]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2009;29(9):1905-6. &#x0D; Sharma R, Hegde V, Siddharth M, Hegde R, Manchanda G, Agarwal P. Endodontic-periodontal microsurgery for combined endodontic-periodontal lesions: An overview. J Conserv Dent. 2014;17(6):510-16. &#x0D; Li Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zhou X, Xie K. [The clinical study on the use of diode laser irradiation in the treatment of periodontal-endodontic combined lesions]. 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Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, also known as MXenes, possess a unique blend of hydrophilic surfaces and excellent electrical conductivity,[1] characteristics seldom found in other 2D nanostructures like graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides. Particularly, titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) and its composites have garnered increasing attention across diversified fields such as catalysis,[2] energy conversion and storage,[3] membrane separation,[4] photothermal conversion,[5] and field-effect transistors.[6] Thus far, chemical etching of aluminium (Al) layers from titanium aluminium carbide (Ti3AlC2) remains the predominant method to synthesize Ti3C2Tx.[7] However, fluoride-based synthetic procedures remain a hindrance to the practical applications of these promising materials. Despite the identification of various etching conditions, current state-of-the-art strategies involve handling hazardous hydrofluoric acid or fluoride-based compounds such as LiF/HCl, NaHF2, KHF2 and NH4HF2, resulting in highly toxic liquid waste and surface functionalization of Ti3C2Tx with fluorine and oxygen-containing terminations.[8] Achieving selective removal of Al layers while preserving the 2D structure of Ti3C2Tx necessitates careful design of electrolytes. Hence, in this work, we present an efficient, fluoride-free sonochemical approach for the etching and delamination of Ti3AlC2 using aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAOH) solution. During the sonochemical exfoliation, ultrasound waves facilitate penetration of solvent ions through Ti3AlC2 to selectively etch out Al, forming few-layered Ti3C2Tx nanosheets. In this particular study, the effect of sonication time and effect of TMAOH concentration is explored. References: [1] P. Zhang, F. Wang, M. Yu, X. Zhuang, X. Feng, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7426-7451. [2] J. Ran, G. Gao, F. T. Li, T. Y. Ma, A. Du, S. Z. Qiao, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 13907. [3] H. Li, Y. Hou, F. Wang, M. R. Lohe, X. Zhuang, L. Niu, X. Feng, Adv. Energy Mater. 2017, 7, 1601847. [4] L. Ding, Y. Wei, Y. Wang, H. Chen, J. Caro, H. Wang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 1825-1829; Angew. Chem. 2017, 129, 1851-1855. [5] R. Li, L. Zhang, L. Shi, P. Wang, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 3752-3759. [6] B. Xu, M. Zhu, W. Zhang, X. Zhen, Z. Pei, Q. Xue, C. Zhi, P. Shi, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 3333-3339. [7] P. Srivastava, A. Mishra, H. Mizuseki, K. R. Lee, A. K. Singh, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2016, 8, 24256-24264. [8] Sheng Yang, Panpan Zhang, Faxing Wang, Antonio Gaetano Ricciardulli, Martin R. Lohe, Paul W. M. Blom, Xinliang Feng, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 15491-15495; Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 15717-15721.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> &nbsp; Kumaun is characterized by a rich diversity of ethno-medicinal plants as well as a rich heritage site in traditional medicine system in the western Himalayan region. Present study deals with the status, identification and to explore the traditional knowledge of plant species about their uses in local medicine by village people in Gahelna Van Panchayat of Kumaun region. All these data were collected during field survey participatory rural appraisal method. A total 28 ethno-medicinal plants species belonging to 18 families were reported. The average density of ethno-medicinal herbs, shrubs and trees ranged from 332000-457000, 80-480 and 100-310 ind ha^-1respectively in Gahelna Van Panchayat forest. We identified plant species and their parts that have been used by local people to cure various ailments through their traditional use system. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Bargali, K., Lodhiyal, N., Kapkoti, B. and Parihaar, R. S. 2013. Indigenous traditional knowledge on some medicinal plants from Kotabagh Block (Ramnagar), Nainital. IJBPAS. 2(1): 20-25. Dangwal, L. R., Sharma, A and Rana, C. S. 2010. Ethno- medicinal plants of the Garhwal Himalaya used to cure varies diseases. A case study. New York Science Journal Vol 3(12) pp28-31. Gangwar, K. K., Deepali and Gangwar, R. S. 2010. Ethnomedicinal Plant Diversity in Kmaun Himalaya of uttarakhand, India. Nature and Science. 8(5): 66-78. Kumari, P., Joshi, G. C. and Tewari, L. M. 2012. Indigenous uses of threatened Ethno-medicinal plants used to cure different diseases by Ethnic people of Almora District of Western Himalaya. International Journal of Ayurvedic &amp;amp; Herbal Medicine.2:4. Mathur, A. and Joshi, H. 2012. Traditional remedies in Tarai region of Kumaun, Uttarakhand. India Journal of Traditional Knowledge. Vol. 11(4) pp. 652-657. Misra, R. 1968. Ecology Work Book. Oxford and IBH Publ. Calcutta. Mukhergee, T. K. 2004. Protection of Indian Traditional knowledge: In Ethno medicinal Plants, edited by Trivedi, P.C. &amp;amp; Sharma, N.K. (Poiner Publishers, Jaipur). Pp.18-33. Raghupathy, L. 2001. Conservation and sustainable use of Medicinal plant: Current Issue, Himalaya Medicinal Plants: Potential and prospects (Edited by S. S. Samant) Samant, S. S., Dhar, U. and Palni, L.M.S. 1998. Medicinal plants f Himalaya, diversity, distribution and potential values. Gyonadaya Prakashan, Nainital. Saxena, A. K. and Singh, J. S. 1984. Tree population structure of certain Himalayan forest associations and implications concerning their future composition. Vegetatio, 58: 61-69. Saxena, A. K. and Singh, J. S. 1982. Quantitative profile structure of certain forest in the Kumaun Himalayan: Proceeding of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 91: 529-49.&nbsp; Sharma, J., Gaur, R. D. and Paiuli, R. M. 2011. Conservation status and diversity of some important plant in the Shiwalik Himalaya of Uttarakhand, India. Int. J. Med Aron Plants. Vol. 1 (1), No.2, pp 75- 82. Singh, M. P., Srivastava, J. L. and Pandey, S. N. 2007. Indigenous Medicinal Plants, Social Forestry And Tribals. &nbsp;Daya Publ. House. pp.2 Swe, T. and Win, S. 2005. Herbal gardens and cultivation of medicinal plants in Myanmar regional consultation on development of traditional medicine in the South East Asia region, Department of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Myanmar, Pyongyang, DPR Korea, 22-24 June 2005, World Health Organization (Regional office for South-East Asia). Vinatha Naini and Estari Mamidala. 2013. An Ethnobotanical Study Of Plants Used For The Treatment Of Diabetes In The Warangal District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Biolife, 1(1), 24-28..

ABSTRACT We have previously shown that rhesus macaques were partially protected against high-dose intravenous challenge with simian-human immunodeficiency virus SHIVSF162P4 following sequential immunization with alphavirus replicon particles (VRP) of a chimeric recombinant VEE/SIN alphavirus (derived from Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus [VEE] and the Sindbis virus [SIN]) encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1SF162 gp140ΔV2 envelope (Env) and trimeric Env protein in MF59 adjuvant (R. Xu, I. K. Srivastava, C. E. Greer, I. Zarkikh, Z. Kraft, L. Kuller, J. M. Polo, S. W. Barnett, and L. Stamatatos, AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 22:1022-1030, 2006). The protection did not require T-cell immune responses directed toward simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag. We extend those findings here to demonstrate antibody-mediated protection against mucosal challenge in macaques using prime-boost regimens incorporating both intramuscular and mucosal routes of delivery. The macaques in the vaccination groups were primed with VRP and then boosted with Env protein in MF59 adjuvant, or they were given VRP intramuscular immunizations alone and then challenged with SHIVSF162P4 (intrarectal challenge). The results demonstrated that these vaccines were able to effectively protect the macaques to different degrees against subsequent mucosal SHIV challenge, but most noteworthy, all macaques that received the intramuscular VRP prime plus Env protein boost were completely protected. A statistically significant association was observed between the titer of virus neutralizing and binding antibodies as well as the avidity of anti-Env antibodies measured prechallenge and protection from infection. These results highlight the merit of the alphavirus replicon vector prime plus Env protein boost vaccine approach for the induction of protective antibody responses and are of particular relevance to advancing our understanding of the potential correlates of immune protection against HIV infection at a relevant mucosal portal of entry.

Abstract Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) can induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in most normal cells, and is identified to be effective in various cancers, include myeloid leukemic cells[1]. Although some leukemia cell lines, K562 and KG-1, are sensitive to TRAIL, many showed certain degrees of resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis[2,3], and the mechanism remains largely unknown, which forced us to find out ways to solve the problem. In this study, we investigated whether thioridazine, a phenothiazine derivative, could overcome the TRAIL resistance in K562 and KG-1 cells. Recently, we showed that Compared to treatment with thioridazine or TRAIL alone, co-treatment with thioridazine and TRAIL-induced apoptosis in K562 and KG-1 cells synergistically. This combination led to activation of caspase-8 and Bid, the cytosolic cumulation of cytochrome c from mitochondria as well as caspase-3 activated downstream. Treatment with thioridazine induced down-regulation of PI3K-AKT-NF-κB pathway. meanwhile, thioridazine dropped the level of NF-κB-dependent Bcl-xL, leading caspase activated and Bid cleaved. the expression of TRAIL-receptors in both K562 and KG-1 cells underwentthe treatment of thioridazine investigated that thioridazine significantly up-regulated DR5 by up to 51.22%, but not other TRAIL-receptors such as DR4, decoy receptor 1, and DcR2. Therefore, our results indicate that the combination of TRAIL with thioridazine overturn TRAIL resistance through Up-regulating the expression of DR5 and down-regulation of AKT protein, and combination treatment with thioridazine and TRAIL may be a novel therapeutic strategy in leukemia. Reference: Srivastava R K. TRAIL/Apo-2L: mechanisms and clinical applications in cancer.[J]. Neoplasia, 2001, 3(6):535-546. Nimmanapalli R, Porosnicu M, Nguyen D, et al. Cotreatment with STI-571 enhances tumor necrosis factor alpha-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or apo-2L)-induced apoptosis of Bcr-Abl-positive human acute leukemia cells.[J]. Clinical Cancer Research An Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2001, 7(2):350-357. Yang T, Lan J, Huang Q, et al. Embelin sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to TRAIL through XIAP inhibition and NF-κB inactivation.[J]. Cell Biochemistry &amp; Biophysics, 2015, 71(1):291-297. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

In this paper, light propagation in an isotropic photonic crystal fiber as well in a silica-glass microcapillary infiltrated with a mesogenic azobenzene dye has been investigated. It appeared that light spectrum guided inside the photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with the investigated azobenzene dye depends on the illuminating wavelength of the absorption band and on linear polarization. Also, alignment of the mesogenic azobenzene dye molecules inside silica glass microcapillaries and photonic crystal fibers has been investigated. Results obtained may lead to a new design of optically tunable photonic devices. Full Text: PDF ReferencesP. Russell. St. J. "Photonic-Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 24, 4729 (2006). CrossRef T. Larsen, A. Bjarklev, D. Hermann, J. Broeng, "Optical devices based on liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibres", Opt. Exp. 11, 2589 (2003). CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, A. Asquini, E. E. Kriezis, A. d'Alessandro, R. Beccherelli, "Guided-wave liquid-crystal photonics", Lab Chip, 12, 3598 (2012). CrossRef F. Du, Y-Q. Lu, S-T. Wu, "Electrically tunable liquid-crystal photonic crystal fiber", Appl. Phys. Lett 85, 2181 (2004) CrossRef D. C. Zografopoulos, E. E. Kriezis, "Tunable Polarization Properties of Hybrid-Guiding Liquid-Crystal Photonic Crystal Fibers", J. Lightwave Technol. 27 (6), 773 (2009) CrossRef S. Ertman, M. Tefelska, M. Chychłowski, A. Rodriquez, D. Pysz, R. Buczyński, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, R. Dąbrowski, T. R. Woliński. "Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers for Practical Applications", J. Lightwave Technol. 30, 1208 (2012). CrossRef D. Noordegraaf, L. Scolari, J. Laegsgaard, L. Rindorf, T. T. Alkeskjold, "Electrically and mechanically induced long period gratings in liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Expr. 15, 7901 (2007) CrossRef M. M. Tefelska, M. S. Chychlowski, T. R. Wolinski, R. Dabrowski, W. Rejmer, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, P. Mergo, "Photonic Band Gap Fibers with Novel Chiral Nematic and Low-Birefringence Nematic Liquid Crystals", Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 558(1), 184 (2012). CrossRef S. Mathews, Y. Semenova, G. Farrell, "Electronic tunability of ferroelectric liquid crystal infiltrated photonic crystal fibre", Electronics Letters, 45(12), 617 (2009). CrossRef V. Chigrinov, H-S Kwok, H. Takada, H. Takatsu, "Photo-aligning by azo-dyes: Physics and applications", Liquid Crystals Today, 14:4, 1-15, (2005) CrossRef A. Siarkowska, M. Jóźwik, S. Ertman, T.R. Woliński, V.G. Chigrinov, "Photo-alignment of liquid crystals in micro capillaries with point-by-point irradiation", Opto-Electon. Rev. 22, 178 (2014); CrossRef D. Budaszewski, A. K. Srivastava, A. M. W. Tam, T. R. Woliński, V. G. Chigrinov, H-S. Kwok, "Photo-aligned ferroelectric liquid crystals in microchannels", Opt. Lett. 39, 16 (2014) CrossRef J-H Liou, T-H. Chang, T. Lin, Ch-P. Yu, "Reversible photo-induced long-period fiber gratings in photonic liquid crystal fibers", Opt. Expr. 19, (7), 6756, (2011) CrossRef T. T. Alkeskjold, J. Laegsgaard, A. Bjarklev, D. S. Hermann, J. Broeng, J. Li, S-T. Wu, "All-optical modulation in dye-doped nematic liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibers", Opt. Exp, 12 (24), 5857 (2004) CrossRef K. Ichimura, Y. Suzuki, T. Seki, A. Hosoki, K. Aoki, "Reversible change in alignment mode of nematic liquid crystals regulated photochemically by command surfaces modified with an azobenzene monolayer", Langmuir, 4, 1214 (1988) CrossRef http://www.beamco.com/Azobenzene-liquid-crystals DirectLink K. A. Rutkowska, K. Orzechowski, M. Sierakowski, "Wedge-cell technique as a simple and effective method for chromatic dispersion determination of liquid crystals", Phot. Lett, Poland, 8(2), 51 (2016). CrossRef L. Deng, H.-K. Liu, "Nonlinear optical limiting of the azo dye methyl-red doped nematic liquid crystalline films", Opt. Eng. 42, 2936-2941 (2003). CrossRef J. Si, J. Qiu, J. Guo, M. Wang, K. Hirao, "Photoinduced birefringence of azodye-doped materials by a femtosecond laser", Appl. Opt., 42, 7170-7173 (2008). CrossRef

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Life table of <em>Antilochus conqueberti </em>Fabr. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae), a potential predator of <em>Dysdercus cingulatus</em>was studied with the data being constructed and analysed under laboratory conditions. The study paved the way for comparing the nymphal mortality and adult longevity for three generations and the mean values were found which proved that the mortality rate in nymphal stage differed with the mortality in adult stage. The mortality rate was at its high during egg stage (9.23%)and III instar (4.95%) and the mortality rate dropped when the organism crossed IV instar (2.37%) and V instar (0.97%). It was also revealed that 77.2 % organisms survived until the attainment of sexual maturity and took part in reproduction. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> <strong>Ali, A</strong>, P.Q. Rizvi, 2009. Life table studies of <em>Menochilussexmaculatus</em>Fabr. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at varying temperature on <em>Lipaphiserysimi</em>Kalt. <em>World Applied Science Journal.</em> 7: 897-901. <strong>Ali, A</strong>, P.Q. Rizvi., 2007. Age specific survival and fecundity table of <em>Coccinellaseptempunctata</em> L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on different aphid species. <em>Annals of Plant Protection Sciences.</em> 15: 329-334. <strong>Ali, A, Rizvi</strong>, P.Q., 2008. Effect of varying temperature on the survival and fecundity of <em>Coccinellaseptempunctata</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on <em>Lipaphiserysimi</em>. Journal of Entomology. 5: 133-137. <strong>Birch, L. C</strong>., 1948. The Intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. <em>Journal of Animal Ecology</em>. 17:15&ndash;26. <strong>Carey J. R</strong>., 1993. Applied Demography for Biologists with Special Emphasis on Insect, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA. <strong>Carey J. R</strong>., 2001. Insect biodemography. <em>Annual Review of Entomology</em>. 46: 79&ndash;110. <strong>Dash M.C</strong>., 2005. Fundamentals of Ecology. 2nd Edn. Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. New Delhi.&nbsp; 256-260. <strong>Haghani M</strong>., Y. Fathipour, A. A. Talebi, and V. Baniameri., 2006. Comparative demography of <em>Liriomyzasativae</em> Blanchard (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on cucumber at seven constant temperatures. <em>Insect Science</em>. 13: 477&ndash;483. <strong>Howe, R. W</strong>., 1953, The rapid determination of intrinsic rate increase of an insect population. <em>Annals Appl. Biol</em>. 40: 134-155.\ <strong>Maia A. D. H. N, A</strong>. J. B. Luiz, C. Campanhola., 2000. Statistical inference on associated fertility life table parameters using jackknife technique: computational aspects. <em>Journal of Economic Entomology</em>.&nbsp; 93,2: 511&ndash;518. <strong>Pearl R., Parker S.L</strong>., 1921. Experimental studies on the duration of life: introductory discussion of the duration of life in Drosophila. <em>American Naturalist</em>. 55: 481-509. <strong>Ricklefs, R. E</strong>, G. L.Miller., 1999. Ecology, 4th ed.W. H. Freeman, New York. <strong>Robert K. D</strong>, Peterson, Ryan S. Davis, Leon G. Higley, Odair A. Fernandes., 2009. Mortality Risk in Insects. Environ. <em>Entomol</em>. 38(1): 2-10. <strong>Southwood T. R</strong>, P. A. Henderson, 2000. Ecological Methods, Blackwell Science, London, UK, 3rd edition. <strong>Srivastava, K and Upadhyay</strong><strong>, V.B</strong>. 2013. Effect Of Phytoecdysteroid On Fecundity Of Multivoltine Mulberry Silkworm <em>Bombyx Mori </em>Linn. Biolife, 1(2); 78-83. <strong>Togashi K</strong>., 1990, Life table for <em>Monochamusalternatus</em> (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) with in dead trees of <em>Pinusthunbergii</em>. <em>Japan Journal of Entomology</em>, 58 (2): 217-230. <strong>Vargas R. I</strong>., W. A. Walsh, D. Kanehisa, E. B. Jang, J. W., 2007.&nbsp; Armstrong. Demography of four Hawaiian fruit flies (diptera: tephritidae) reared at five constant temperatures. <em>Annals of the Entomological Society of America.</em> 90,2: 162&ndash;168.

This study explores the impact of transformational leadership on tacit and explicit knowledge sharing, with self-efficacy as a moderating variable. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees of private companies and civil servants (PNS) in Pekalongan City using Google Forms. The analysis method employed was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results indicate that transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on both tacit and explicit knowledge sharing. However, self-efficacy does not moderate the relationship between transformational leadership and tacit knowledge sharing. Conversely, self-efficacy significantly moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and explicit knowledge sharing. These findings provide new insights for leadership theory and practice, as well as knowledge management within organizations, particularly in enhancing the effectiveness of knowledge sharing through transformational leadership. REFERENSI Alavi, M. &amp; Leidner, D. E. 2001. Review: Knowledge Management and Knowledge Management Systems: Conceptual Fondations and Research Issues. MIS Quarterly, 25(1):107-136. Bartol, K. M. &amp; Srivastava, A. 2002. Encouraging Knowledge Sharing: The Role Of Organizational Rewards Systems. Journal of Leadership and Organization Studies, 9(1):64-76. Bechina, A. A. &amp; Bommen, T. 2006. Knowledge Sharing Practices: Analysis Of A Global Scandinavian Consulting Company. The Electronic Journal Of Knowledge Management, 4(2):109-116. Berman, S. L., Down, J. &amp; Hill, C. W. 2002. Tacit knowledge as a Source of Competitive Advantage in the National Basketball Association. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1):13-31. Bock, G.W. &amp; Kim. Y.G. 2002. 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The analytical expression for the group index in a degenerated three-level lambda-type atomic system is derived as a function of the parameters of laser fields and external magnetic field. The influence of the external magnetic field on the group index is investigated. It is shown that by changing the magnitude or sign of the external magnetic field, the transparency window with normal dispersion switches to enhanced absorption with anomalous dispersion at the line center and hence the light propagation can be converted between subluminal and superluminal modes. Full Text: PDF ReferencesR. W. Boyd, "Slow and fast light: fundamentals and applications", J. Mod. Opt. 56 (2009) 1908-1915 CrossRef K.J. Boller, A. Imamoglu, S.E. Harris, "Observation of electromagnetically induced transparency", Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2593. CrossRef A. Lezama, S. Barreiro, and A. M. Akulshin, "Electromagnetically induced absorption", Phys. Rev. A 59 (1999) 4732-4735. CrossRef L. V. Hau, S. E. Harris, Z. Dutton, C. H. Bejroozi, "Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas", Nature 397, 594 (1999) CrossRef L. J. Wang, A. Kuzmich, and A. Dogariu, "Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation", Nature 406 (6793), 277-279 (2000) CrossRef A. V. Turukhin, V. S. Sudarshanam, M. S. Shahriar, J. A. Musser, B. S. Ham, P. R. Hammer, "Observation of Ultraslow and Stored Light Pulses in a Solid", Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 023602 (2002). CrossRef K. Bencheikh, E. Baldit, S. Briaudeau, P. Monnier, J. A. Levenson, and G. Mélin, "Slow light propagation in a ring erbium-doped fiber", Opt. Express 18 (25), 25642-25648 (2010). CrossRef E. E. Mikhailov, V. A. Sautenkov, I. Novikova, G. R. Welch, "Large negative and positive delay of optical pulses in coherently prepared dense Rb vapor with buffer gas", Phys. Rev. A 69, 063808 (2004). CrossRef E. E. Mikhailov, V. A. Sautenkov, Y. V. Rostovtsev, G.R. Welch, "Absorption resonance and large negative delay in rubidium vapor with a buffer gas", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 21, 425 (2004). CrossRef A. M Akulshin and R. J McLean, "Fast light in atomic media", J. Opt. 12 (2010) 104001. CrossRef Vineet Bharti, Vasant Natarajan, "Sub- and super-luminal light propagation using a Rydberg state", Opt. Comm. 392 (2017) 180-184. CrossRef N.T. Anh, L.V. Doai, D.H. Son, and N.H. Bang, "Manipulating multi-frequency light in a five-level cascade EIT medium under Doppler broadening", Optik 171 (2018) 721-727. CrossRef N.T. Anh, L.V. Doai, and N.H. Bang, "Manipulating multi-frequency light in a five-level cascade-type atomic medium associated with giant self-Kerr nonlinearity", J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 35 (2018) 1233. CrossRef N.H. Bang, L.N.M. Anh, N.T. Dung and L.V. Doai, "Comparative Study of Light Manipulation in Three-Level Systems Via Spontaneously Generated Coherence and Relative Phase of Laser Fields*", Commun. Theor. Phys. 71 (2019) 947-954. CrossRef L.V. Doai, "The effect of giant Kerr nonlinearity on group velocity in a six-level inverted-Y atomic system", Physica Scripta 95 (2020) 035104 (7pp). CrossRef P. Kaur and A. Wasan, "Effect of magnetic field on the optical properties of an inhomogeneously broadened multilevel Λ-system in Rb vapor", Eur. Phys. J. D 71 (2017) 78. CrossRef H. Cheng, H. -M. Wang, S. -S. Zhang, P. -P. Xin, J. Luo and H. -P. Liu, "Electromagnetically induced transparency of 87Rb in a buffer gas cell with magnetic field", J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 50 (2017) 095401. CrossRef C. Mishra, A. Chakraborty, A. Srivastava, S. K. Tiwari, S. P. Ram, V. B. Tiwari and S. R. Mishr, "lectromagnetically induced transparency in Λ-systems of 87Rb atom in magnetic field", J. Mod. Opt. 65 (2018) 2269-2277. CrossRef S. H. Asadpour, H. R. Hamedi and H. R. Soleimani, "Slow light propagation and bistable switching in a graphene under an external magnetic field", Laser Phys. Lett. 12 (2015) 045202. CrossRef R. Karimi, S. H. Asadpour, S. Batebi and h. R. Soleimani, "Manipulation of pulse propagation in a four-level quantum system via an elliptically polarized light in the presence of external magnetic field", Mod. Phys. Lett. B 29 (2015) 1550185. CrossRef

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Biotic and abiotic stresses exert a considerable influence on the growth and physiology of plants. Water stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors. The study was carried out to elucidate the effect of drought stress on growth, physiology and antioxidant enzyme activity of <em>Cassia occidentalis </em>experiencing four water regimes with soil relative water content ranging from 65% to 12%. Plants were grown in pots and treated with three irrigation levels (100ml, 200ml and 300ml).The experiment was laid out in complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. Data on growth, physiological parameters and antioxidant enzyme activity were recorded and analyzed statistically. Physiological parameters like leaf area index, biomass accumulation, relative water content and membrane stability index decreased significantly with decrease in water level, but mild level of water treatment enhanced the growth. The plant exhibited an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity under stressed condition which proves its tolerance against drought. Thus it can be concluded that <em>Cassia occidentalis</em> plant is able to tolerate a limited water levels by enhancing its antioxidant defense but excessive drought markedly affected the enzyme activity and so depleted the plant growth. <strong>Key words </strong>: Relative water content, biomass, membrane stability index, leaf area index,&nbsp;antioxidant enzymes, stress. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Apel, K. and H. Hirt 2004. Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol.55:373-399. Arora, A., R.K. Sairam, and G.C. Srivastava 2002. Oxidative stresses and antioxidative system in plants. Curr. Sci. 82: 1227-1237. Asada, K. (2006). Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species in chloroplasts and their functions. Plant Physiol. 141: 391-396. Chance, B and A.C. Maehly, 1955. Assay of catalase and peroxidase. Methods in Enzymology 2:764-775. Cunhua, S., Wei, D., Xiangling, C.,Xinna, X., Yahong, X., Dong, S., and Jianjie, S. 2010. The effects of drought stress on the activity of acid phosphatase and its protective enzymes in pigweed leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 9(6), pp. 825-833. Dalal, M. and Khanna-chopra R. 2001. Differential response of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of necrotic wheat hybrids and their parents. Physiol. Plant., 111:297-304. Deblonde, P.M.K., Haverkort A.J. and Ledent, J.F. 1999. Responses of early and late potato cultivars to moderate drought conditions. Agronomic parameters and carbon isotope discrimination. Eur J Agron 11(2):91-105 Deshmuukh, P.S., Sairam, R.K. and Shukla, D.S. 1991. Measurement of ion leakage as a screening technique for drought resistance in wheat genotypes. Indian journal of plant physiology, 34:89-91 Giannopolites, C.N. and S.K. Ries, 1977. Superoxide Dismutase I. Occurrence in higher plants. 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Moussa, H.R. and Moustafa. S 2008. Comparative response of drought tolerant and drought sensitive maize genotypes to water stress<em> Australian Journal of Crop Science </em>Southern Cross Journals <em>1(1):31-36.</em> Parida, A.K., Dagaonkar, V.S., Phalak, M.S., Umalkar, G.V., Aurangabadkar 2007. Alterations in photosynthesis pigments, protein and osmotic components in cotton genotypes subjected to short-term drought stress followed by recovery. Plant Biotechnol. Rep., 1:37-48. Paritha bhanu and M. Deepak. The effect of Cadmium on antioxidant enzymes in the liver of fresh water fish<strong> </strong><em>Cyprius carpio </em><strong>(Linn).</strong> <em>Biolife</em> 2015;3(1); 50-53 Praba, M.L., Cairns, J.E., Babu, R.C., Lafitte, H.R. 2009. Identification of physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought tolerance in rice and wheat J Agron Crop Sci. 195: 30-46 Ramakrishna, N., Lacey, J. and Smith, J. E. 1991. 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<strong>Abstract</strong> Introduction:Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from fault in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. most effective treatment for type 2 diabetes is the control of postprandial hyperglycemia after a meal. stabilization of blood glucose is necessary for diabetic patients, because it prevents hyperglycemia and the complexity associated with diabetes. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the in silico activities of Costus igneusflavonoids on &alpha;-amylase. Methods: Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase (PDB ID-4GQR) was retrieved. The chemical structures of 1-Ethoxy-1-propene, 2-Pentadecanone, Epicatechin, Pentatriacontane, Squalene, and Undecanal flavonoids were retrieved from PubChem and ChemSpider database for molecular docking. The docking analysis of ligand with Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase was carried by autodock software using default parameters. The values were obtained in terms of energy (e-value) Kcal/mol. Results:Squalene, a flavonoid compound present in Costus igneus has good docking activity with the least e-value of &ndash;7.22 kcal/mol and the residues ASN:5, 481; PRO:4, 223, 332; ASP:402, ARG:10, 252, 398, 421; VAL:401, GLY:403, 9, 334; THR: 6, 11; GLN:8; PHE:222, 335 SER:3, 226; LEU:217 were might play important roles in binding with this compound. Lesser the E-value greater the acceptability of compound as a drug and so it is considered as an effective ligand in inhibiting Human Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase. Conclusion: The results are expected to be useful in conductingin vitro andin vivo screenings on animal model which may lead to the development of more effective and potent new chemical entities with anti-diabetic property. <strong>References:</strong> [1] Ameen, F., Mamidala, E., Davella, R., &amp; Vallala, S. (2021). Rilpivirine inhibits SARS-CoV-2 protein targets: A potential multi-target drug. 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Papaya has considerable economic importance to agriculture in India. Papaya leaf curl disease was first reported in 1939 by Thomas and Krishnaswamy (3). This disease is of moderate incidence and widely distributed in India. Recent observations of papaya fields in India indicated that there has been a continued increase in the incidence of papaya leaf curl disease (as shown by symptoms), resulting in severe economic losses. The disease is characterized by downward curling and cupping of leaves followed by vein clearing and thickening. Enations develop in the form of frills on green veins. The affected leaves become leathery and brittle and the petioles become twisted in a zig-zag manner. Diseased plants may bear a few small fruits, which are distorted in shape and tend to fall prematurely. The disease could be transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Genn. Therefore, possible involvement of a geminivirus was suspected. Three different cloned geminiviral DNAs, Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV) (2), tomato yellow leaf curl virus from Sardinia (TYLCV Sar), and tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV), were used as probes (with radioactive labeling) to detect the presence of geminiviral DNA from infected papaya tissue in both slot-blot and Southern blot hybridization studies with high stringency washes. These DNA probes gave strong signals with DNA isolated from infected papaya tissue whereas they did not give any signals with DNA from healthy tissue. Further, successful polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplification of fragments from both DNA-A and DNA-B components with geminivirus degenerate primers (1) was accomplished only from the DNA of infected papaya plants. The PCR-amplified DNA fragments gave positive signals in Southern blot hybridization with the three geminiviral DNA probes. These results suggest that the causal agent of papaya leaf curl disease is a bipartite geminivirus that may be provisionally called papaya leaf curl virus (PLCV). References: (1) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (2) K. M. Srivastava et al. J. Virol. Methods 51:297, 1995. (3) K. M. Thomas and C. S. Krishnaswamy. Curr. Sci. 8:316, 1939.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> A four new cell lines viz., Bm-1, Bm-12 Bm-16, Bm-17 and Bm -5 is a worldwide used cell line are tested for BmNPV (<em>Bombyx mori</em> nuclepolyhdedrovirus) susceptibility and its replication The BmNPV was serially passaged in the Bm-12, Bm-1, Bm-16, Bm-17 and Bm-5 cell lines for five times. All the cell lines were found susceptible to BmNPV infection when inoculated with the haemolymph of BmNPV infected silkworm larvae. The infection rate was Bm-5 (93.79%), Bm-16 (91.30%), Bm-1 (90.30%), Bm-12 (87.20%) and Bm-17 (80.43%).&nbsp; <strong>Keywords: </strong><em>Bombyx&nbsp; mori,&nbsp; </em>Ovarian&nbsp; cell&nbsp; lines,&nbsp; BmNPV infection <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Granados, R.R., McKenna, K.A., 1995. Insect Cell Culture Methods and Their Use in Virus Research:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In: Schuler, M.L., Wood, H.A., Granados, R.R., Hammer, D.A., (Eds.), Baculovirus Expression Systems and Biopesticides. Wiley-Liss. New York, pp. 13-39. Khurad, A.M., Mahulikar, A., Rathod, M.K., Rai, M.M., Kanginakudru, S., Nagaraju, J., 2004. Vertical transmission of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. J. Invertebr. Pathol.. 87, 8-15.&nbsp;&nbsp; Khurad, A.M., Mahulikar, A., Rathod, M.K., Rai, M.M., 2005. Infection of nuclear polyhedrovirus in the larval rudiments of gonads of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. Indian J. Seric. 44(2), 159-164. Khurad, A.M., et al., 2009. A new continuous cell line from larval ovaries of silkworm, Bombyx mori. In Vitro. Cell. Dev. Biol.- Animal. C. G. Deshmukh, R. S. Bahekar. &ldquo;Comparative in vitro replication and serial passaging of BMNPV in the DZNU-Bm-12 and other cell lines&rdquo; in International Journal IJSRP volume 3 ISSN No.2250-2153 Krishnaswami, S., M.N. Narasimhanna, S.K. Suryanarayan &amp; S. Kumararaj, 1973. K. Srivastava and V.B. Upadhyay. 2013. Effect of phytoecdysteroid on fecundity of multivoltine mulberry silkworm <em>Bombyx mori</em> Linn. Biolife. 1(2): 78-83. T.V. Sathe, B. V. Jadhav, A.S. Desai, Nilam Shendge, Chandani Kamble and A. D. Jadhav. 2014. Ecology, ethology and control of green stink bug Plautia affinis Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on mulberry <em>Morus alba</em> l. Varieties V-1 and M-5 from Kolhapur. Biolife. 2(4); 1347-1353. &nbsp; &nbsp;

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <strong>Background</strong><strong>:</strong> Metallic wire is the most commonly used method for localization of non palpable breast lesions; done under sonographic or mammographic guidance. Aim of the study: To evaluate the role of metallic wire for localization of different non palpable breast lesions. <strong>Patients and methods:</strong> The study was conducted on twenty female patients suggested as having non palpable breast lesions on mammographic or sonographic basis, referred to the breast unit of at Medical Research Institute of Alexandria University; and assigned for breast conserving surgery (BCS). Eighteen of these lesions were localized using ultrasound guidance; the remaining 2 procedures were done on mammographic guidance. Every specimen was subjected to mammographic assessment. Correlation with complete surgical data and histopathological findings of the excised specimen was carried out including the histopathological safety margins for judgment of the complete surgical excision.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <strong>Results:</strong> The study was conducted on 20 patients with complaints other than palpable breast lesions including: Most of the managed lesions were non palpable masses (17 patients), the remaining (3 patients) were suspicious calcifications, architectural distortion, and asymmetrical density. The managed lesions ranged from 0.7 to 22 mm in size. 50% of the lesions were localized for therapeutic indications and the remaining 50% were localized for diagnostic indications. Successful wire localization was achieved in 18 cases (90 %). Based on specimen mammographic findings, <strong>Conclusion:</strong> wire guided localization is an effective method of preoperative localization of non-palpable breast lesions; however it is technically challenging and may pose significant difficulty; mammographic guidance done only for the lesions which can&rsquo;t be identified on US basis. <strong>Key words:</strong> Wire localizations, non-palpable breast lesions, ultrasound guidance, mammographic guidance&nbsp; and breast conserving surgery. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Chouchane L, Boussen H, Sastry KS. Breast cancer in Arab Populations: Molecular characteristics and disease management implications. The Lancet Oncology 2013;&nbsp;14(10):417-24. Ahmed M, Douek M. ROLL versus RSL: toss of a coin. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013;140:213-7. Corsi F, Sorrentino L, Bossi D, Sartani A, Foschi D. Pre opertive localization and surgical margins in conservative breast surgery. International Journal of Surgical Oncology 2013; 1:9. LandMan J, Kulawansa S, McCarthy M, Troedson R, Phillips M, Tinning J, et al. Radioguided localisation of impalpable breast lesions using 99m-Technetium macroaggregated albumin: Lessons learnt during introduction of a new technique to guide preoperative localization. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences 2013; 12:9.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aydogana F, Ozbenb V, Aytaca E, Yilmazc H, Cercela A, Celika V. Excision of Nonpalpable Breast Cancer with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence-Guided Occult Lesion Localization. Breast Care 2012; 7:48-51.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hari S, Srivastava A, Thulkar S. Scope of Breast Imaging in Developing Countries, NJR 2013 ; 3:11-30.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Aydogana F, Ozbenb V, Aytaca E, Yilmazc H, Cercela A, Celika V. Excision of Nonpalpable Breast Cancer with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence-Guided Occult Lesion Localization. Breast Care 2012; 7:48-51.&nbsp;&nbsp; Willekens I, Casteele EV, Buls N, Temmermans F, Jansen B, Deklerck R, et al. High-resolution 3D micro-CT imaging of breast microcalcifications: a preliminary analysis. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:9. Garrett N M, Roberts C E. Gerlach K E. Breast Intervention in Shetty M K. Breast Cancer Screening and Diagnosis: A Synopsis. Springer New York 2015. First edition.233:260. Cardenosa G. Breast imaging companion. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins; 2001. p. 414&ndash;33 Tresadern J C, Hartley D A, Sellwood R A. Fine-wire localization and biopsy of non-palpable breast lesions. Br. J. Surg. 1990, Vol. 77,320:322. Arentz C, Baxter K, Boneti C, Henry-Tillman R, Westbrook K, Korourian S, Klimberg VS (2010) Ten-year experience with hematoma-directed ultrasound-guided (HUG) breast lumpectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 17(Suppl 3):378-383. Nadeem R, Chagla L S, Harris O,etal. occult breast lesions: a comparison between radio guided occult lesion localisation (ROLL) vs. wire-guided lumpectomy (WGL). The Breast (2005) 14, 283&ndash;289. Abrahamson P E, Dunlap L A, Amamoo M A, etal. Factors Predicting Successful Needle-localized Breast Biopsy. Academic Radiology.2003.10.601-606. Saguatti G, Oste G, Teggi S. Breast tissue diagnosis in Alfonso A M. The out patient breast clinic; aiming of best practice. Springer Switzerland 2015. First edition.130:149. Ngo C, Pollet AG, Laperrelle J, etal. Intraoperative ultrasound localization of nonpalpable breast cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 14(9):2485&ndash;2489 Symmonds R E, Roberts J. Management of nonpalpable breast abnormalities. Ann. surg. May 1987.VoL 205.520-524 Owen A, Kumar E N. Migration of Localizing Wires used in Guided Biopsy of the Breast. Clinical Radiology (1991) 43, 251 Medina-Franco H, Abarca-Perez L, Garcia-Alvarez MN, et al.: Radioguided occult lesion localization (ROLL) versus wireguided lumpectomy for non-palpable breast lesions: A randomized prospective evaluation. J Surg Oncol 2008;97:108&ndash;111. Mazouni C , Rouzier R, Balleyguier C, etal. Specimen radiography as predictor of resection margin status in non-palpable breast lesions. Clinical Radiology (2006) 61, 789-796 Giacalone P.L , Bourdon A, Trinh P D. Radioguided occult lesion localization plus sentinel node biopsy (SNOLL) versus wire-guided localization plus sentinel node detection: A case control study of 129 unifocal pure invasive non-palpable breast cancers. EJSO 38 (2012) 222-229. Toft B, DyreborgU, Bogh L,etal. Non palpable Breast Lesions: Mammographic Wire-Guided Biopsy and Radiologic-Histologic Correlation. World J. Surg. 6, 119-125, 1982. Evans P, Champness P. Hook wire localization of inferior lesions in the breast. Aust Radiol 1996;40(2): 134:139. Lee C H, Carter D.&nbsp; Detecting residual tumor after excisional biopsy of impalpable breast carcinoma: efficacy of comparing preoperative mammograms with radiographs of the biopsy specimen. 164. 1995. 81-86.. &nbsp;

We present a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) structure based on Kretschmann configuration incorporating bimetallic layers of noble (Ag) and magnetic materials (Ni) over CaF2 prism. Extensive numerical analysis based on transfer matrix theory has been performed to characterize the sensor response considering sensitivity, full width at half maxima, and minimum reflection. Notably, the proposed structure, upon suitably optimizing the thickness of bimetallic layer provides consistent enhancement of sensitivity over other competitive SPR structures. Hence we believe that this proposed SPR sensor could find the new platform for the medical diagnosis, chemical examination and biological detection. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ. Homola, S.S. Yee, G. Gauglitz, "Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on planar light pipe: theoretical optimization analysis", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 54, 3 (1999). CrossRef X.D. Hoa, A.G. Kirk, M. 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Leaf curl disease of radish (RLCD) was observed for the first time in India in commercial fields and kitchen gardens of the Varanasi District and adjoining areas of eastern Uttar Pradesh during November 2003. Infected plants exhibited typical upward and downward leaf curling, leaf distortion, reduction of leaf area, and conspicuous enations on the underside of the leaves. Incidence of RLCD was estimated to be between 10 and 40% depending on the cultivars used. Electron microscopic observation revealed typical geminate particles in infected leaf samples. The causal virus could be transmitted to radish cv. Minu Early by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and grafting. Inoculated plants developed symptoms similar to those observed in naturally infected radish plants. Viral DNA was isolated from artificially inoculated symptomatic radish plants (4) followed by concentration of super-coiled DNA by alkaline denaturation (1). The presence of a geminivirus was confirmed by PCR using DNA-A degenerate primers (3), and a 1.5-kb amplified product was obtained from six artificially and three naturally infected plants. Amplification of the full-length DNA-A was achieved using a primer combination derived from sequences obtained from a 1.5-kb amplicon. Amplification of 1.3-kb DNA-β sequences was achieved using specific primers (2) in three infected plants. Sequence analysis revealed that DNA-A (GenBank Accession No. EF 175733) contained 2,756 nt and DNA-β contained 1,358 nt (GenBank Accession No. EF 175734). DNA-A of the causal virus shares 87.7% identity with Tomato leaf curl Bangladesh virus (GenBank Accession No. AF 188481) and 62% identity with Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (GenBank Accession No. AF126406). The begomovirus DNA-A sequence associated with RLCD contained seven open reading frames (AV1, AV2, AC1, AC2, AC3, AC4, and AC5). The DNA-β associated with RLCD shared the highest nucleotide sequence identity (84.9%) with DNA-β of Tobacco leaf curl virus isolate NIB 12-1 (GenBank Accession No. AJ316033) reported from Pakistan. Despite exhaustive attempts to amplify a putative viral B-component using degenerate primers based on the intergenic region sequence of the DNA-A or sequences that are highly conserved for other begomoviruses, no DNA-B component was detected. On the basis of DNA-A sequence analysis, the ICTV species demarcation criteria of 89% sequence identity, and genome organization, the virus causing RLCD should be considered a new Begomovirus species, for which the name Radish leaf curl virus (RLCV) is proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the association of a Begomovirus with a disease of radishes in India. References: (1) H. C. Birnboim and J. Doly. Nucleic Acids Res. 7:1513, 1979. (2) R. W. Briddon et al. Mol. Biotechnol. 20:315, 2002. (3) M. R. Rojas et al. Plant Dis. 77:340, 1993. (4) K. M. Srivastava et al. J. Virol. Methods 51:297, 1995.

This research is applied research that aims to develop and implement a character education action plan based on Total Quality Management (TQM) in the Pancasila student profile in Independent Curriculum in Kindergarten. This research is a qualitative descriptive study, data was collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD), interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the research show that TQM-based character education in Tunas Bangsa Kindergarten through the implementation of action plans in Pancasila student profile in the independent curriculum, implemented in learning projects and children's habits, has achieved guaranteed quality of learning. The results of the implementation show that children have achieved guaranteed quality graduates through learning project activities and familiarization with the supporting capacity of skilled teacher human resources, adequate facilities, and infrastructure as well as religious and moral development for adult children. Learning projects and habits are implemented for children to achieve the guaranteed quality of graduates, carrying out daily prayers, carrying out religious ritual practices, praying before and after studying, praying for parents and family, putting on and taking off your shoes, wearing uniform according to schedule, and complete tasks according to the deadline. For further research, it is necessary to carry out research that examines various implementations of character education based on culture or other learning models that attract children's interest and are more comprehensive. Keywords: action plan, early childhood, character education, total quality management References: Ahmad, S., Wasim, S., Irfan, S., Gogoi, S., Srivastava, A., &amp; Farheen, Z. (2019). Qualitative v/s. Quantitative Research- A Summarized Review. Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare, 6(43), 2828–2832. https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2019/587 Alannasir, W. (2020). Characteristic-Based Development Students Aspect. International Journal of Asian Education, 1(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.46966/ijae.v1i1.18 Angga, A., Suryana, C., Nurwahidah, I., Hernawan, A. H., &amp; Prihantini, P. (2022). Komparasi Implementasi Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka di Sekolah Dasar Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(4), 5877–5889. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i4.3149 Ann Cutler, N., Halcomb, E., &amp; Sim, J. (2021). Using naturalistic inquiry to inform qualitative description. Nurse Researcher, 29(3), 29–33. https://doi.org/10.7748/nr.2021.e1788 Brown Wilson, C., &amp; Slade, C. (2020). From consultation and collaboration to consensus: Introducing an alternative model of curriculum development. International Journal for Academic Development, 25(2), 189–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360144X.2019.1584897 Fink, C. K. &amp; Philosophy Documentation Center. (2020). Acting with Good Intentions: Virtue Ethics and the Principle that Ought Implies Can. 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(2020). Enjoyment benefits adolescents’ self-determined motivation in student-centered learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 103, 101635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2020.101635 Maryani, K., &amp; Sayekti, T. (2023). Pelaksanaan Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila pada Lembaga Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Murhum : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.37985/murhum.v4i2.348 McCoy, L., Pettit, R. K., Kellar, C., &amp; Morgan, C. (2018). Tracking Active Learning in the Medical School Curriculum: A Learning-Centered Approach. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 5, 238212051876513. https://doi.org/10.1177/2382120518765135 Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., &amp; Saldana, J. (2018). Qualitative Data Analysis (Fourth Edition). Sage. Nursalam, N., Sulaeman, S., &amp; Latuapo, R. (2023). Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek pada Sekolah Penggerak Kelompok Bermain Terpadu Nurul Falah dan Ar-Rasyid Banda. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan, 8(1), 17–34. https://doi.org/10.24832/jpnk.v8i1.3769 Putri, R. K., Bukit, N., &amp; Simanjuntak, M. P. (2021). The Effect of Project Based Learning Model’s on Critical Thinking Skills, Creative Thinking Skills, Collaboration Skills, &amp; Communication Skills (4C) Physics in Senior High School: 6th Annual International Seminar on Transformative Education and Educational Leadership (AISTEEL 2021), Medan, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211110.103 Shalehah, N. A. (2023). Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek sebagai Bentuk Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka di Satuan PAUD. Islamic EduKids, 5(1), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.20414/iek.v5i1.7139 Sitorus, J. H. E. (2016). Pancasila-based Social Responsibility Accounting. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 700–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.054 Sulhiah, Rahman, &amp; Juanda Prisma Mahendra. (2023). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Sosial Emosional Melalui Implementasi Proyek P5 Di Paud Al Hamzar. Journal Of Early Childhood And Islamic Education, 2(1), 23–29. https://doi.org/10.62005/joecie.v2i1.47 Tractenberg, R. E., Lindvall, J. M., Attwood, T., &amp; Via, A. (2020). Guidelines for curriculum and course development in higher education and training [Preprint]. SocArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/7qeht Winther-Lindqvist, D. A. (2021). Caring well for children in ECEC from a wholeness approach – The role of moral imagination. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 30, 100452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2020.100452 Xu, B., Chen, N.-S., &amp; Chen, G. (2020). Effects of teacher role on student engagement in WeChat-Based online discussion learning. Computers &amp; Education, 157, 103956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.103956 Yuen, S., Boulton, H., &amp; Byrom, T. (2018). School-based curriculum development as reflective practice: A case study in Hong Kong. Curriculum Perspectives, 38(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-017-0032-8

In this paper we briefly present the history and outlook on the development of two seemingly distant techniques which may be brought close together with a unified theoretical model described as common k-space theory. This theory also known as the Fourier diffraction theorem is much less common in optical coherence tomography than its traditional mathematical model, but it has been extensively studied in digital holography and, more importantly, optical diffraction tomography. As demonstrated with several examples, this link is one of the important factors for future development of both techniques. Full Text: PDF ReferencesN. Leith, J. Upatnieks, "Reconstructed Wavefronts and Communication Theory", J. Opt. Soc. Am. 52(10), 1123 (1962). CrossRef Y. Park, C. Depeursinge, G. Popescu, "Quantitative phase imaging in biomedicine", Nat. Photonics 12, 578 (2018). CrossRef D. Huang et al., "Optical Coherence Tomography", Science 254(5035), 1178 (1991). CrossRef D. P. Popescu, C. Flueraru, S. 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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The effect of immunostimulant, Immunex DS (IDS) and Gen Vac B vaccine was tested against GST in the abdominal muscle of male Swiss albino mice (6 - 8 weeks old; 23 - 26g wt) at different days of experiment. Six groups of experimental mice (A, B, C, D, E and F), one control group (U) and another IDS treated group (I) were selected. IDS was orally administered @ 150mg/mouse on 0 day (group I). To all the mice of groups A to F, IDS was orally administered (@ 150mg/mouse) on 0 day and Gen Vac B vaccine was inoculated on day 4 of experiment (0.07 ml/mouse in group A, 0.1ml/mouse in group B, 0.2ml/mouse in group C, 0.4ml/mouse in group D, 0.8ml/mouse in group E, 1.0ml/mouse in group F). Group U was untreated (with IDS) and uninfected. Two mice from each experimental (A, B, C, D, E and F) and control groups U and I (after day 7 of vaccine treatment in case of experimentals) were necropsied from day 1-5. Abdominal muscle tissue was separated and analyzed for GST activity using standard method. Increased activity of GST might be due to the regulation of active oxygen species which play a significant role in pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies. It is evident that IDS and/or vaccine might have caused stress resulting in the marked alteration in the GST level in the abdominal muscles of mice. <strong>Keywords: </strong>GST, Abdominal muscles, Mice, Immunostimulant, Hepatitis B. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Akyol, O., Herken, H., Uz, E., Fadillioglu, E., Unal, S., Sogut, S., Ozyurt, H. and Savas, HA. 2002. The indices of endogenous oxidative and antioxidative processes in plasma from schizophrenic patients. The possible role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol Biol. Psychiarty, 26: 995-1005. Carini, R., Comoglio, A., Albano, E. and Poli, G. 1992. 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Protective effect of Tribulus Terrestris L. fruit aqueous extract on lipid profile and oxidative stress in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in male albino wistar rats. EXCLI J. 12: 373-383. Sandeep, V., Kavitha, N., Praveena, M., Sekhar, P. R. and Rao, K. J. 2014. Alterations of detoxification enzyme levels in different tissues of sodium fluoride (NaF) treated albino mice. Int. J. Adv. Research, 2(1): 492-497. Srithar, G., Sudha, M. and Nalini, N. 2013. Linalool exerts dose dependent chemopreventive effect against 1,2-dimethyhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Int. J. Pharmceu. and Biol. Archives, 4(4): 758-770. Srivastava, A. and Shivanandappa, T. 2010. Hepatoprotective effect of the root extract of Decalepis hamiltonii against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chemistry, 118: 411-417. Thomas, M. J. 2000. The role of free radicals and antioxidants. Nutrition, 16: 716-718. Wong, C. H. and Goh, K. L. 2006. 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Abstract Introduction: COVID-19 vaccination substantially reduces morbidity and mortality associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and severe illness. However, despite effective COVID-19 vaccines many questions remain about the efficacy of vaccines and the durability and robustness of immune responses, especially in immunocompromised persons. The NCI-funded Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) is a coordinated effort including 11 sites to advance research on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination among diverse and vulnerable populations. The goals of the Pooling Project are: (1) to conduct real-world data (RWD) analyses using electronic medical records (EMR) data from four health care systems (Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Northwell Health, Veterans Affairs-Case Western, and Cedars-Sinai) to determine vaccine effectiveness in (a) cancer patients; (b) autoimmune diseases and (c) solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR); (2) to conduct meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies from eight SeroNet institutions (Cedars-Sinai, Johns Hopkins, Northwell Health, Emory University, University of Minnesota, Mount Sinai, Yale University) to determine post-vaccine immune responses in (a) lung cancer patients; (b) hematologic cancers/hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; (c) SOTR; (d) lupus. Methods: For our RWD analyses, data is extracted from EMR using standardized algorithms using ICD-10 codes to identify immunocompromised persons (hematologic and solid organ malignancy; SOTR; autoimmune disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and SLE). We use common case definitions to extract data on demographic, laboratory values, clinical co-morbidity, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, and disease-specific variables. In addition, we pool individual-level data from prospective cohorts enrolling patients with cancer and other immunosuppressed conditions from across network. Surveys and biospecimens from serology and immune profiling are collected at pre-specified timepoints across longitudinal cohorts. Results: Currently, we have EMR data extracted from 4 health systems including &amp;gt;715,000 cancer patients, &amp;gt;9,500 SOTR and &amp;gt;180,000 with autoimmune conditions. Prospective cohorts across the network have longitudinal data on &amp;gt;450 patients with lung cancer, &amp;gt;1,200 patients with hematologic malignancies, &amp;gt;400 SOTR and &amp;gt;400 patients with lupus. We will report results examining vaccine effectiveness for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, severe COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PAS-C or long COVID) in cancer patients compared to other immunocompromised conditions. Conclusion: Our goal is to inform public health guidelines on COVID-19 vaccine and boosters to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe illness in immunocompromised populations. Citation Format: Elham Kazemain, Jane Figueiredo, Jacek Skarbinski, Russell McBride, Viviana Simon, Amy B. Karger, F. Eun-Hyung Lee, Fred R. Hirsch, Andrea Cox, Sabra Klein, Rong Fan, Stephanie Halene, David A. Zidar, James M. Crawford, Bharat Thyagarajan, Charles Gleason, Alex Mathson, Komal Srivastava, Puleng Moshele, Toby Amoss, Martin Runnstrom, Susanne Linderman, Ananda M. Rodilla, Philip C. Mack, Yu Shyr, Anna Yin, Patrick Shea, Jennifer VanOudenhove, Hinnah Siddiqui, Brigid M. Wilson, Eric P. Elkin, Crystal A. Hsiao, Yonah Ziemba, Cheryl B. Schleicher, Sharon Fox, Lawrence H. Kushi, Karen Reckamp, Akil Merchant, Noah Merin. SeroNet Pooling Project of immunocompromised populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 798.

Polycrystalline group-IV alloys, such as Si1-xGex, Ge1-xSnx, and Si1-x-yGexSny, have attractive benefits for thermoelectric generators which can directly convert heat energy into electricity with less environmental impact. Grain boundaries in the polycrystalline material can successfully reduce thermal conductivity which is essential to operate the thermoelectric devices under temperature difference [1]. Besides, mass differences between component elements of the alloy contribute to modulate phonon characteristics [2]. In terms of the synthesis of the polycrystalline group-IV alloys, it has been challenging to realize crystallization, which typically needs high temperature annealing, simultaneously with controlling composition, especially Sn content which is limited by low solid solubility into Ge and Si as 1 at.% and 0.1 at.%, respectively, under equilibrium condition [3]. As one of the solutions to obtain the polycrystalline group-IV alloys having high Sn content, using crystalline Sn nanodots as nuclei is effective for the growth of crystalline alloys at low temperature. The low temperature growth, which is the growth far away from the equilibrium, enables introduction of Sn more than its solubility limit [4]. Amorphous Sn layer deposited on SiO2 substrate can be easily transformed into crystalline Sn nanodots by just applying an annealing in vacuum. We demonstrated the formation of polycrystalline Ge1-xSnx and Si1-xSnx alloys by deposition of Ge and Si on the Sn nanodots at the substrate temperature of 150 °C and 225 °C, respectively [5,6]. Adatoms, namely Ge and Si, were alloyed with the Sn nanodots acting as crystal nuclei. However, we found that Ge preferentially reacts with Sn nanodots when Si and Ge are simultaneously deposited on the Sn nanodots. In this case, Si remains as amorphous, meaning the effect of nucleus for the low temperature crystallization is not effective for Si if Ge exists. This result suggests that Si has to be crystallized prior to Ge. One can notice that the polycrystalline Si1-xSnx can be formed by the Sn nanodots mediated formation process as mentioned above. Therefore, we have proposed the 2-step formation process consisting of poly-Si1-xSnx crystallization and Ge alloying with the poly-Si1-xSnx which can be considered as a virtual substrate [6]. Using the 2-step formation process, whole deposited region was successfully crystallized with alloying Si, Ge, and Sn. The estimated Si and Sn content in the as-grown polycrystalline Si1-x-yGexSny layer were as high as 10.8% and 3.5%, respectively. The impact of introduction of Sn on phonon characteristics will be discussed at the presentation if time allows. Acknowledgements: This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18K13786 and 21K04137 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. References: Bathula, M. Jayasimhadri, N. Singh, A. K. Srivastava, J. Pulikkotil, A. Dhar, and R. C. Budhani, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(2012)213902. N. Khatami and Z. Aksamija, Phys. Rev. Appl. 6(2016)014015. A. Trumbore, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 39(1960)205. Shimura, N. Tsutsui, O. Nakatsuka, A. Sakai, S. Zaima, Thin Solid Films, 518(2010)S2. Utsumi, T. Ishimaru, Y. Hayakawa, and Y. Shimura, Semicond. Sci. Technol. 33(2018)124004. Shimura, M. Okado, T. Motofuji, and H. Tatsuoka, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 61(2022)SC1008.

We report on structural and electronic properties of two-dimensional materials ob-tained by analytical low-voltage aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. Basic crystallographic defects and their peculiarities will be discussed for two-dimensional materials at the atomic level. Thus, we report the atomic structure of point defect and -clusters [1], the full life circle of dislocations [2] and the movements of grain boundaries in grapheme [3]. In addition, we unravel the atomic structure of the amorphous phase (graphene, SiO2) in direct space just from single-atom-based analysis of high-resolution TEM images [5, 6]. As the energetic electron beam is interacting with the specimen via transferring energy to the atoms, structural transformation between different phases can be followed atom-by-atom [7, 8, 9]. In addition, physical properties such as the knock-on damage threshold is determined from controlled direct space experiments and precise measurements of high-resolution TEM images of graphene and MoS2[8, 7]. However beam-electron interactions with the specimen are also restricting imaging the pristine structure of a sample. It can be suppressed by simply limiting the total electron doses on the samples. Limited electron doses, however, result in worse signal to noise ratios. Here, a quantitative approach for estimating the visibility of objects in TEM images with limited doses will be presented [10]. Another traditional approach to suppress electron-induced damage during HRTEM observation is to employ an efficient cleaning procedure [11] and the protective coating of sensitive materials. This old approach will be taken to its extreme, when radiation sensitive materials are enclosed inside carbon nanotubes [12] and between two graphene layers [13]. We show moreover the advantage of lowering the accelerating voltage for imaging the pristine structure of low-dimensional materials [14]. [4] P. Wachsmuth, R. Hambach, M.K. Kinyanjui, et al., Phys. Rev. B B 88, 075433, (2013) [5] P. Y. Huang, S. Kurasch, A. Srivastava, et al. Nano Lett. 12(2), 1081, (2012) [6] P. Y. Huang, S. Kurasch, J.S. Alden, et al., Science 342, 224, (2013) [7] H.-P. Komsa, J. Kotakoski, S. Kurasch, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 035503 (2012) [8] C Meyer, F Eder, S Kurasch, et al. Physical Review Letters, 108, 196102. 2012. [9] B. Westenfelder, J. C. Meyer, J. Biskupek, et al., Transformations of Carbon Adsorbates on Graphene Substrates under Extreme Heat, Nano Letters, 11 (12), 5123-5127, 2011 [10] Z. Lee, H. Rose, O. Lehtinen, et al., Ultramicroscopy (2014), DOI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2014.01.010 [11] G. Algara-Siller, S. Kurasch, M. Sedighi, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 (2013) 203107 [12] T. Zoberbier, T. W. Chamberlain, J. Biskupek, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 (2012) 3073-3079 [13] G. Algara-Siller, S. Kurasch, M. Sedighi, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 103. 203107, (2013) [14] U. Kaiser et al. Ultramicroscopy, 111, 8, 1239, (2011) [15] Fruitful cooperation within the SALVE project and financial support by the DFG (German Research Foundation) and by the Ministry of Science, Research, and the Arts (MWK) of Baden-Württemberg are gratefully acknowledged.

Camelina or false flax (Camelina sativa), of the Brassicaceae, is an annual flowering plant native to Europe and Central Asia where it is grown commercially as an oilseed crop. At the end of May 2012, symptoms of downy mildew were observed on camelina plants grown in the Savinja Valley in Slovenia. The disease was found in four monitored fields (total area 3 ha), and the incidence ranged from 2 to 38% depending on the variety. Symptomatic plants showed whitish, abundant, and fluffy mycelia covering the stems, flowers, seed pods, and undersides of the leaves. The disease mainly affected the upper half of the plants, and the stems were reduced and distorted. During disease progression, the mycelium turned from gray to black. Microscopic observations revealed hyaline, straight conidiophores that were branched monopodially (3 to 4 times) with 6 to 12 re-curved tips/branch, and measured 140 to 300 × 12 to 20 μm. Conidia were hyaline, oval to broadly ellipsoidal, 24 to 29 × 18 to 24 μm. Oospores formed in necrotic stem and leaf tissues were dark brown and measured 30 to 38 μm in diameter. Based on these morphological characteristics, the causal agent was identified as Hyaloperonospora camelinae (1,3,4,5). DNA was extracted from mycelium and conidia collected from infected plants in two fields in the Savinja Valley (1HpC and 2HpC). Nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified by PCR assay from two isolates using the universal primers ITS4 and ITS5, and sequenced. Both samples yielded a 781-bp sequence, which showed 100% identity to H. camelinae ITS sequence JX445136 in GenBank. The nucleotide sequence was assigned to GenBank Accession No. KJ768405. Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying 25 3-week-old plants of C. sativa cv. Ligena planted in pots (5 plants/pot) with a conidial suspension (105 conidia/ml) obtained from 10 infected plants of the same variety collected from the field 1HpC. Inoculated plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 2 days to maintain high humidity, and incubated at 20°C with a 12-h photoperiod/day in a growth chamber. Downy mildew symptoms first developed on leaves 6 days after inoculation. An additional 25 control plants sprayed with sterilized distilled water and otherwise treated similarly to the inoculated plants developed no symptoms. The identity of the pathogen on the inoculated plants as H. camelinae was confirmed based on the morphological features described above. Downy mildew of false flax caused by H. camelinae has been reported in Europe from Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland (2); and in the United States from Florida, Oregon, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, and Washington (1,3,4,5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of downy mildew caused by H. camelinae on C. sativa in Slovenia. The representative samples were deposited in the phytopatological herbarium of the Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing. References: (1) E. M. Babiker et al. Plant Dis. 96:1670, 2012. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman, Fungal Databases, Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab. Retrieved from http://nt.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/ . (3) R. M. Harveson et al. Plant Health Progress. doi: 10.1094/PHP-2011-1014-01-BR, 2011. (4) M. L. Putnam et al. Plant Health Progress. doi: 10.1094/PHP-2009-0910-01-BR, 2009. (5) P. Srivastava et al. Plant Dis. 96:1692, 2012.

Abstract Introduction: Genomic profile of breast cancer is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among racial groups. In India, it is the leading cause of cancer death and accounts for 13.5% of the total incidence of new cancer cases with a mortality rate of 10.6% irrespective of age and sex in 2020. The growing incidence marks the importance of profiling driver genes that are usually involved in proliferation, cell survival, oxidative stress response, progenitor phenotype, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. In order to evaluate the mutation profile within breast tumor, we carried out Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) followed by gene analysis which is implicated in oncogenic pathways. Experimental procedures: 40 primary breast cancer patients were recruited from the clinical follow-up at AIIMS, New Delhi, India. With informed consent, tumor and blood were collected after surgery followed by genomic DNA extraction. Library preparation was done by adopting a protocol developed by Illumina. Exonic regions were captured by using Trueseq Exome kit which covers ≥ 80% of whole-exome and sequencing was performed by utilizing Illumina platform as per the manufacturer’s instruction. Bioinformatics analyses were carried out through an in-house developed pipeline. We identified altered genes by comparing them with the matched control and further filtered them on the basis of their functional impact. Results: In our study, a recurrent mutation in RTK-RAS, Notch, PI3K, WNT, Hippo, Myc, cell cycle, p53, TGF-β, NRF2 pathways were reported among 40 individuals. We found a total of 263 altered genes, out of these 186 genes were driver genes comprise 88 tumor suppressor genes and 98 oncogenes while the rest are passenger genes. In terms of SNP Class- &amp;gt;58%- missense, &amp;lt;4%-silent, &amp;lt;38%-nonsense mutations. These SNPs have their phenotypic impact such as high, moderate, modifier, and low which accounts &amp;lt;2.4%, 8-12%, &amp;gt;75%, and &amp;lt;10% respectively. Missense mutation has a greater fraction of C&amp;gt;T transitions followed by C&amp;gt;A transversion. Moreover, we also identified p53, PIK3CA, EIF4EBP1 and ALK as a top mutated genes. A hotspot mutation H1047R in PIK3CA and R56W, as well as R99S in EIF4EBP1, were account for subsequently 20%, 25%, and 15% samples along with hotspot region in MAML3. Conclusions: Here we demonstrate exclusive molecular profiling of the oncogenic pathways of breast cancer in the Indian population. Apart from nonsynonymous substitution, we also revealed recurrent mutation within a specific position or region of gene involved in the RTK-RAS, Notch, and PIK3CA network. Overall this study will improve insight for commonly mutated genes with a primary objective of screening, diagnosis, prognosis along risk stratification. In addition, this could be used to identify specific targetable candidate mutation gene panels with an overall objective of personalized drug therapy. Citation Format: Rahul Kumar, Anurag Srivastava, Usha Agrawal, S.V.S. Deo, Sandeep R. Mathur, Ajay Gogia, Pranay Tanwar. Evaluation of mutation profile of oncogenic signalling pathway in breast cancer among Indian population [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2277.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Fly ash is a waste product of Industrial plants that pose serious environmental hazards. The possibility of using fly ash as a soil amendment in the reclamation of disturbed areas is a research topic of growing interest. The present study evaluated effects of fly ash on germination of rice crops to work out the optimum level of ash addition and relate germination effects with early seedling vigour characteristics caused by mixing ash with the soil. Increase in concentration of fly ash decrease in seed germination and least germination was seen in 100 % fly ash while seedling growth in terms of both shoot length and root length was found to be significantly more in low concentration (25%) of fly ash in compared to the control and higher concentrations of Fly ash. There was no significant difference of leaf Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b in control and different treatments, but the total chlorophyll found to be more in&nbsp; 25% of fly ash concentration followed by 100 % of fly ash and least was observed in control condition, while SPAD index was decreased with the increase of fly ash concentration in the incorporated soil. The study revealed that the fly ash in low concentration could be beneficial in improving plant growth and early seedling vigour of rice plants can be used as soil amendment and, while adverse effects was observed at higher levels. This finding is encouraging for an agro-friendly disposal of this potential multiple-pollutant in rice cultivation and soil-fertilization as well. <strong>Key Words: </strong>Chlorophyll<strong>; </strong>Fly ash; Germination; Seedling vigour; Rice. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Adriano D. C., Page A. L., Elseewi A. A., Change A. C., Straughan I. 1980. Utilization and&nbsp;&nbsp; Disposal of fly-ash and other residues in terrestrial ecosystems: review. Jornal ofEnviron. Qual. 9: 333-334. Chang A. C, Lund L. J., Page A. L., Warneke J. E. 1977. Physical properties of fly ash amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 6: 267-270. Eary L.E., Rai D., Mattigod S. V., Ainsworth C.C. 1990. Geochemical factors controlling the mobilization of inorganic constituents from fossil fuel combustion residues. J Environ. Qual. 19: 202&ndash;214. El-mogazi D., Lisk D.J., Weinstin L.H. 1988. A review of physical, chemical and biological properties of fly-ash and effects on agricultural ecosystems. Sci Total Environ. 74:1&ndash;37 Gautam S., Singh A., Singh J. and Shikha. 2012. Effect of Flyash Amended Soil on Growth and Yield of Indian Mustard (<em>Brassica Juncea</em>). Advances in Bio. Res.3: 39-45. Gupta D. K., Rai U. N. Tripathi R. D. Inouhe&nbsp; M. 2002. Impacts of fly-ash on soil and plant &nbsp; responses.&nbsp; J Plant Res. 115:401&ndash;409 Kumar A., Vajpayee P., Ali M. B., Tripathi R. D., Singh N., Rai U. N., Singh S. N. 2002 Biochemical responses of <em>Cassia siamea </em>Lam. grown on coalcombustion residue (fly-ash). Bull Environ Contam. Toxicol. 68: 675&ndash;683. Kumar V., Goswami G., Zacharia A. K. 2001. Fly ash use in agriculture: issues and concerns. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Technology demonstration projects commissioned by fly-ash mission under&nbsp; technology information forecasting assestment council (TIFAC) News and Views, pp &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1-6. Mandal P. K. and Sinha&nbsp; A. K. 1988. Potential utilization of fly ash from thermal power &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; stations-Magnitude of problems and remedies thereof, Nat Workshop Coal Ash &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Utilization India. Sponsored by Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi, 1-18. Martens D. C. 1971. Availability of plant nutrients in fly-ash. Compost Sci. 12: 15&ndash;19. Pathak H., Kalra N., Sharma S. and Joshi H.C. 1996. Use of fly ash in agriculture: Potentialities and constraints. Yojana, 40: 24-25. Panda D., Sharma S. G. and Sarkar R.K. 2008. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO₂photosynthetic rate and regeneration capacity as a result of complete submergence&nbsp;&nbsp; and subsequent re-emergence in rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.).&nbsp; <em>Aquatic Botany. </em>88: 127-133. Plank C. O., Martens D. C. 1974. Boron availability as influenced by application of&nbsp; fly ash to soil. Soil Sci Soc. Am. Proc. 38: 974-977. Porra R.J. 2002. The Chequered history of the development and use of simultaneous equations for accurate determination of chlorophyll a &amp; b. Photosynth. Res. 73; 149-156. Singh N. and Yunus M. 2000. Environmental impacts of fly-ash. <em>IN: Iraq</em> J Environ boil.&nbsp; Srivastava, P. S. Siddiqui T. O. (eds) Environmental hazards: plant and people. CBS, &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; New Delhi, pp 60-79. Singh S. N., Kulshreshtha K., Ahmad K. J. 1997. Impact of fly ash soil amendment on seed &nbsp; germination, seedling growth and metal composition of <em>Vicia faba</em> L. Eco. Eng. 9: 203-208. Taylor E. M., and Schuman G. E. 1988. Fly ash and lime amendment of acid coal spoil to acid re vegetation. Environ. Qual., 17: 120-124.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The present attempt was made to study the faunal diversity of fishes and fishery potential at three major wetlands of Kolhapur district viz. Tamadalge, Laxmiwadi and Vadgaon. The Fish diversity and Fishery potential of the perennial tanks was studied by monthly during June 2008 to May 2009. The water of the tank is used for domestic, agriculture and fishery activities. Fish collections were done with net of several mesh sizes. 12 fish species were identified during the study, belongs to family 5 families namely, Cyprinidae 7 species, Siluridae 1 species, Bagaridae 01 species, Channidae 2 species and Cichlidae 1 species. Besides diversity, fishery potential showed moderately beneficial to fishermen community by the means of economic strengthening. Finally the study can be concluded that the diversity of fishes was moderately rich and due to which fishermen were socio-economically sound at some extent. <strong>Keywords</strong>: Fish fauna, fishery potential, wetlands, socio-economic status. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Ahirrao S.D, Mane A.S (2000): Journal of Aquatic Biology 15 (1&amp;2), 40-43 Angadi, S. M. (1985): Hydrobiology of Rajaram tank. M. Phil. Dissertation, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. APHA (1998): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20^th edition. Amer. Publ. Health. Assoc. Amer. Water Works Assoc. and Water Poll. Contr. Fed., Washington, D.C Ayyapan S, Birdar S. R ( 2004): Enhancing Global Competition, Survey Of Indian Agriculture (The Hindu). 98. Day Francis (1958): The fishes of India Vol. I &amp; II. William Dawson and sons Ltd. London.Datta Gaikwad, P. T. (1996): Hydrobiology of Shiroli reservoir. M. Phil. Dissertation, Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Jayaram K. C (1981): The fresh water fishes of India, Pakistan, Burma and Sri-Lanka. Handbook Zoolobical Survey of India, No. 2. xii+ 475. Jhingran, A. G. (1982): Fish and fisheries of India 2^nd edition. Hindustan Publishing Corporation (India), Delhi. Lagler K. F ( 1953): Freshwater fishery biology W.M.C. Brown and Co. Iowa. Munshi, Srivastava M. P (1988): Natural history of fishes and systematics of fresh water fishes of India. Narendra Publishing House, Delhi. Pailwan, I. F. (2005): Limnology and fisheries potential of perennial tanks of Kolhapur District. Ph. D. Thesiss Shivaji University, Kolhapur. Sakhare V.B.( 2001): Journal of Aquatic Biology 16 (1&amp;2), 31-33 Samant, J. S. (1978): Studies on hydrobiology of Kalamba reservoir, Kolhapur. Ph. D. Thesis University of Bombay. Thirumala. S, Kiran B.R, and Kantaraj. G. S (2011): Fish diversity in relation to physico-chemical characteristics of Bhadra reservoir of Karnataka, India. Advances in Applied Science Research. 2 (5) : 34-47 Venkatshwarlu M, Jothi Srigowri, Asha Shree H.M (2007): Proceeding on Diversity and Life Processes from Ocean and Land&rdquo;. Goa University, Goa. 156-15 Waked A, Biswas S. P (2005): Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 102 (1), 50-55

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The present study deals with indigenous ethno-medicinal knowledge of Bishnupriya Manipuri community of Unakoti district of Tripura, Northeast India. The ethno-medicinal exploration reveals the usage of different plant and herb species in a particular concoction that has not been documented till date. The study comprises of 15 plants and herb species mixed in a preparation locally known as &lsquo;Khullei gulli&rsquo; that is used as an excellent primary treatment for sore throat, cough, cold, fever and also has been claimed to miraculously reduce the severity of upper respiratory symptoms of COVID 19. The concoction could possibly a better alternative with no known side effects as modern day allopathic medicines. There is a need of further critical phytochemical analysis of the formulation. <strong>Keywords:</strong> Ethno-medicine; Khullei gulli; Bishnupriya Manipuri, COVID 19, Tripura <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Rai, P. K., &amp; Lalramnghinglova, H. (2011). Ethnomedicinal plants of India with special reference to an Indo-Burma hotspot region: An overview. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 9, 379-420. Choudhury, P. R., Choudhury, M. D., Ningthoujam, S. S., Das, D., Nath, D., &amp; Talukdar, A. D. (2015). Ethnomedicinal plants used by traditional healers of North Tripura district, Tripura, North East India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 166, 135-148. Lokho, A. (2012). The folk medicinal plants of the Mao Naga in Manipur, North East India. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 2(6), 1-8. Laloo, D., &amp; Hemalatha, S. (2011). Ethnomedicinal plants used for diarrhea by tribals of Meghalaya, Northeast India. Pharmacognosy reviews, 5(10), 147. Singha, A. K. (2002). Bishnupriya Manipuri: A Brief Introduction. Language in India. Vol.2 Satyanath, S., &amp; Laskar, N. B.(2009). Ethnicity, bilingualism, and variable clitic marking in Bishnupriya Manipuri. Variation in Indigenous Minority Languages, 25, 441. Kizhakkayil, J., &amp; Sasikumar, B. (2011). Diversity, characterization and utilization of ginger: a review. Plant Genetic Resources, 9(3), 464-477. Agrawal, J., &amp; Pal, A. (2013). Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn&mdash;A critical ethnopharmacological review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 146(3), 645-658. Gangwar, A. K., &amp; Ghosh, A. K. (2014). Medicinal uses and pharmacological activity of Adhatoda vasica. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 2(1), 88-91. Zhou, X., Yuping, Z., Zhao, H., Liang, J., Zhang, Y., &amp; Shi, S. (2015). Antioxidant homoisoflavonoids from Polygonatum odoratum. Food chemistry, 186, 63-68. Hossain, M. T., &amp; Hoq, M. O. (2016). Therapeutic use of Adhatoda vasica. Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2(2), 156-163. Joshi, R. K. (2017). Phytoconstituents, traditional, medicinal and bioactive uses of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn.): a review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 6(2), 261-4. Okonogi, S., Kheawfu, K., Holzer, W., Unger, F. M., Viernstein, H., &amp; Mueller, M. (2016). Anti-inflammatory effects of compounds from Polygonum odoratum. Natural product communications, 11(11), 1934578X1601101107. Claeson, U. P., Malmfors, T., Wikman, G., &amp; Bruhn, J. G. (2000). Adhatoda vasica: a critical review of ethnopharmacological and toxicological data. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 72(1-2), 1-20. Devi, G. (2020). MEDICINAL PLANT: GILOY. International Journal of Current Research, 12(8), 12940-12941. Gheware, A., Dholakia, D., Kannan, S., Panda, L., Rani, R., Pattnaik, B. R., ... &amp; Prasher, B. (2021). Adhatoda Vasica attenuates inflammatory and hypoxic responses in preclinical mouse models: potential for repurposing in COVID-19-like conditions. Respiratory research, 22(1), 1-15. Shree, P., Mishra, P., Selvaraj, C., Singh, S. K., Chaube, R., Garg, N., &amp; Tripathi, Y. B. (2022). Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytochemicals of ayurvedic medicinal plants&ndash;Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi)&ndash;a molecular docking study. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 40(1), 190-203. Tiwari Pandey, A., Pandey, I., Zamboni, P., Gemmati, D., Kanase, A., Singh, A. V., &amp; Singh, M. P. (2020). Traditional herbal remedies with a multifunctional therapeutic approach as an implication in COVID-19 associated co-infections. Coatings, 10(8), 761. Khanal, H., Khanal, U., &amp; Koirala, J. (2020). Medicinal plant vasaka could be a therapeutic option for the management of COVID-19 symptoms. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(5), 44-48. Goothy, S. S. K., Goothy, S., Choudhary, A., Potey, G. G., Chakraborty, H., Kumar, A. H., &amp; Mahadik, V. K. (2020). Ayurveda&rsquo;s holistic lifestyle approach for the management of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): possible role of tulsi. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Sci., 16-18. Magzoub, M. (2020). Life Style Guideline of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as Prophylaxis and Treatment for Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) Infection (COVID-19). Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research, 5(6), 125-127. Srivastava, A. K., Chaurasia, J. P., Khan, R., Dhand, C., &amp; Verma, S. (2020). Role of medicinal plants of traditional use in recuperating devastating COVID-19 situation. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angeles), 9(359), 2167-0412. Roy, A., &amp; Menon, T. (2021). Evaluation of bioactive compounds from <em>Boswellia serrata</em> against SARS-CoV-2. Vegetos, 1-11. Murugesan, S., Kottekad, S., Crasta, I., Sreevathsan, S., Usharani, D., Perumal, M. K., &amp; Mudliar, S. N. (2021). Targeting COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) main protease through active phytocompounds of ayurvedic medicinal plants&ndash;Emblica officinalis (Amla), Phyllanthus niruri Linn.(Bhumi Amla) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy)&ndash;A molecular docking and simulation study. Computers in Biology and Medicine, 136, 104683. Chowdhury, P. (2021). In silico investigation of phytoconstituents from Indian medicinal herb &lsquo;Tinospora cordifolia (giloy)&rsquo;against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) by molecular dynamics approach. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, 39(17), 6792-6809. Poojari, S., Porika, R., &amp; Mamidala, E. (2014). Phytochemical analysis and in vitro antidiabetic activities of Physalis angulata fruit extracts. Natl. J. Integr. Res. Med, 5, 34-38. Prasad, P., &amp; Estari, M. (2014). Phytochemical and chromatographic studies in the leaves extract of Acalypha indica. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 4(1), 175-182.

<strong>Abstract</strong> The effect of intensive mining on the health status of fish living in the upper basins of the Ulindi and Elila rivers was investigated between June 2018 and March 2022 by comparing the reproductive, hepatic and gill systems of fish collected from sites upstream and downstream of the mining sites. Biometric indices and organ histopathology are biomarkers that were studied at two different trophic levels using two fish species <em>Oreochromis niloticus</em> and <em>Labeobarbus pellegreni.</em> Histological evaluation was performed on the liver, gonads and gills of both species. Water and sediment samples were analysed for total mercury (T-Hg) concentration by (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). Histological changes were assessed semi-quantitatively, and the results were graded according to the severity of the histological responses. The results showed that L. pellegrini accumulated more T-Hg than O. niloticus.&nbsp; The T-Hg level was higher in the organs of both species during the rainy season than during the dry season in the following order: Gonads &gt; Liver &gt; Gills and exceeded the WHO/FAO recommended limit (T-Hg = 1.0 mg/kg wet weight) only in the testes and gills of L. pellegrini collected at the downstream sites of the Ulindi and Elila rivers. This does not necessarily reflect the level in the carcass. Taken together, the results suggest that mercury accumulated downstream of gold mining operations is altering the health of fish populations and that L. pellegrini can be considered a sentinel species for monitoring this pollution. To protect fish health, it is recommended that certain mining practices such as the misuse of mercury be avoided throughout the Congo River basin. <strong>References</strong> barshi, M. M., Dantala, E. O., &amp; Mada, S. B. (2017). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of croaker fish from oil spilled rivers of Niger Delta region, Nigeria. <em>Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine</em>, <em>7</em>(6), 563‑568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.05.008 Abdel-Baki, A. S., Dkhil, M. A., &amp; Al-Quraishy, S. (2011). Bioaccumulation of some heavy metals in tilapia fish relevant to their concentration in water and sediment of Wadi Hanifah, Saudi Arabia. <em>African Journal of Biotechnology</em>, <em>10</em>(13), 2541‑2547. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB10.1772 Abdel-Khalek, A. A. (2015). Risk Assessment, Bioaccumulation of Metals and Histopathological Alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Facing Degraded Aquatic Conditions. <em>Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology</em>, <em>94</em>(1), 77‑83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-014-1400-9 Abiya, S., Odiyi, B., Ologundudu, F., &amp; Akinnifesi, O. (2018). Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in a Gold Mining Site in Southwestern Nigeria. <em>Journal of Genetics and Cell Biology</em>, <em>1</em>(2), 30‑35. Adams, D. H. (2010). Mercury in wahoo, Acanthocybium solandri, from offshore waters of the southeastern United States and the Bahamas. <em>Marine Pollution Bulletin</em>, <em>60</em>(1), 148‑151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.09.031 Adeogun, A. O., Onibonoje, K., Ibor, O. R., Omiwole, R. A., Chukwuka, A. V., Ugwumba, A. O., Ugwumba, A. A. A., &amp; Arukwe, A. (2016). Endocrine-disruptor molecular responses, occurrence of intersex and gonado-histopathological changes in tilapia species from a tropical freshwater dam (Awba Dam) in Ibadan, Nigeria. <em>Aquatic Toxicology</em>, <em>174</em>, 10‑21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.02.002 Agbohessi, P. T., Imorou Toko, I., Ou&eacute;draogo, A., Jauniaux, T., Mandiki, S. N. M., &amp; Kestemont, P. (2015). Assessment of the health status of wild fish inhabiting a cotton basin heavily impacted by pesticides in Benin (West Africa). <em>Science of The Total Environment</em>, <em>506</em><em>‑</em><em>507</em>, 567‑584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.047 Ahmadi, A., Moore, F., Keshavarzi, B., Shahimi, H., &amp; Hooda, P. S. (2022). Bioaccumulation of selected trace elements in some aquatic organisms from the proximity of Qeshm Island ecosystems : Human health perspective. <em>Marine Pollution Bulletin</em>, <em>182</em>, 113966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113966 Alam, A., Chadha, N. K., Joshi, K. D., Chakraborty, S. K., Sawant, P. B., Kumar, T., Srivastava, K., Das, S. C. S., &amp; Sharma, A. P. (2015). Food and feeding ecology of the non-native Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in the River Yamuna, India. <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences</em>, <em>85</em>(1), 167‑174. Allouko, J.-R., Kone, K., &amp; Bony, K. Y. (2021). Etat biologique du s&eacute;diment de la lagune Aghien &agrave; partir de l&rsquo;Indice Malacologique de qualit&eacute; des syst&egrave;mes Lacustres (IMOL)(Sud-est, C&ocirc;te d&rsquo;Ivoire). <em>International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences</em>, <em>15</em>(6), 2380‑2387. Almin, M. R. (2011). <em>Etude des m&eacute;canismes induits par de fortes temp&eacute;ratures st&eacute;rilisantes chez un poisson tropical, le tilapia du Nil, Oreochromis niloticus</em>. Universit&eacute; Fran&ccedil;ois Rabelais.241. https://doi.org/10.1016j.aquatox.2005.05.014.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>Ficus religiosa</em> Linn. Commonly known as Peepal tree is found wild or cultivated nearly throughout India especially in vicinity of temples and is held sacred by Hindus and Buddhists. It is also planted as an avenue or road side tree and its various parts are used in traditional system of medicine. On this tree so far 12 species of whiteflies viz., <em>Aleurodicus dispersus</em> Russell, <em>Aleuroclava complex </em>Singh, <em>A. grewiae </em>Sundararaj and David,&nbsp; <em>A. louiseae </em>Sundararaj and David,&nbsp; <em>Aleuroplatus alcocki </em>(Peal), <em>A</em>. <em>quaintancei</em> (Peal), <em>A. spina </em>(Singh), <em>Bemisia religiosa </em>(Peal), <em>Dialeurolonga maculata </em>(Singh), <em>Dialeuropora decempuncta</em> (Quaintance &amp; Baker), <em>Pealius spinosus </em>Jesudasan &amp; David and <em>Singhiella simplex </em>(Singh) are known to breed in India. In our survey on whiteflies <em>A. dispersus</em>, <em>A. complex</em>, <em>A.&nbsp; alcocki</em>, <em>D. decempuncta</em>, and <em>S.&nbsp; simplex </em>were commonly found breed on <em>F. religiosa </em>in south India. Among them the infestation of <em>A. complex</em>, <em>A.&nbsp; alcocki</em> and <em>S. simplex </em>was severe resulting in drying and premature falling of leaves in younger plants. Further in the infestation of whiteflies coexistence of <em>A. complex</em> with <em>S. simplex</em> was commonly observed. In this context of infestation of whiteflies reaching the status of pest, the probable role of global warming is discussed. &nbsp;<strong>Key words:</strong> Indian Aleyrodidae, <em>Ficus religiosa,</em><em> Aleurodicus dispersus</em> <strong><em>REFERENCES</em></strong> David, B.V. and Subramaniam, T.R. 1976. Studies on some Indian Aleyrodidae. <em>Rec. Zool. Survey India</em>, 70: 133 - 233. David, B.V. and Jesudasan, R.W.A. 1989a. <em>Dialeurolonga</em> <em>maculata</em> (Singh) comb. nov. and <em>Dialeurolonga</em> <em>takahashi</em> nom. nov. for <em>Dialeurolonga</em> <em>maculata</em> Takahashi (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) from Madagascar. <em>Entomon</em>, 14(3,4): 371. David, B.V. 1994. A new species of Viennotaleyrodes Cohic (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) from India. <em>Hexapoda</em>, 6: 33 - 38. David, B.V. and Ragupathy, E. 2004. Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) of mulberry, <em>Morus</em> <em>alba</em> L., in India. <em>Pestology</em>, 28(10): 24 - 32. David, B.V. and Raja, M. 2008. Severe incidence of Aleyrodid, <em>Aleuroplatus</em> <em>alcocki</em> (Peal) on <em>Syzygium</em> <em>cumini</em>. <em>Insect Environment</em>, 14(2): 69 - 70. Dubey, A. K. 2003. Biosystematics of the aleyrodids&nbsp; (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera: Insects) of south western ghats, India. <em>Ph.D.Thesis submitted to FRI University, Dehra Dun</em>, pp. 282. Dubey, A.K. and&nbsp; Sundararaj, R. 2004a. Host range of the spiralling whitefly, <em>Aleurodicus</em> <em>dispersus</em> Russell (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera) in western ghats of south India. <em>Indian J. Forestry</em>, 27(1): 63 - 65. Dubey, A.K. and Sundararaj, R. 2005b. A review of the genus <em>Aleuroclava</em> Singh (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) with descriptions of eight new species from India. <em>Oriental Insects</em>, 39: 241 - 272. Dubey, A.K. and Sundararaj, R. 2005d. A taxonomic study of the genus <em>Pealius</em> Quaintance &amp; Baker (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in India. <em>J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc</em>., 102 (2): 158 - 161. Dubey, A. K. and Ko, C. C. 2008. Whitefly (Aleyrodidae) host plants list from India. <em>Oriental Insects</em>, 42: 49 - 102. Ghani, A. 1998. Medicinal plants of Bangladesh with chemical constituents and uses, <em>Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dhaka</em>, 236pp. Jesudasan, R.W.A. and David, B.V. 1991. Taxonomic studies on Indian Aleyrodidae (Insecta: Homoptera). <em>Oriental Insects</em>, 25: 231 - 434. Makhija, I.K., Sharma, I.P. and Khamar, D. 2010. Phytochemistry and Pharmacological properties of <em>Ficus religiosa</em>: an overview. <em>Annals of Biological Research</em>, 1(4) : 171-180. Martin, J.H. and Mound, L.A.&nbsp; 2007. An annotated check list of the world&rsquo;s whiteflies (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). <em>Zootaxa</em>, 1492: 1 - 84. Lingaiah, Estari Mamidala and P. Nagaraja Rao (2015). An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants extracts used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in the Utnoor Mandal of Adilabad dist, Telangana, India. Biolife. 3(4); 937-945. DOI: 10.17812/blj.2015.3429 Mathur, R.N. and Singh, B. 1959. A list of insect pests of forest plants in India and the adjacent countries. <em>Indian Forest Bulletin</em>. No. 171(4): 165. MANNION, C. GLENN, H. UF/IFAS, A. Hunsberger, UF/IFAS Miami-Dade County Extension. http://mrec.ifas.ufl.edu/lso/IAWG/FIG/The%20Fig%20Whitefly%20(2007)%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf&nbsp;&nbsp; Peal, H.W. 1903. Contribution towards a monograph of the oriental Aleurodidae. <em>J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal</em>, 72: 61 - 98. PRASAD, P.V., SUBHAKTHA, P.K., NARAYANA, A. and RAO, M.M. 2006. Evaluation&nbsp; of&nbsp;&nbsp; hepato protective activity of <em>Ficus religiosa</em> bark extract. Bull. <em>Indian Inst. Hist. Med.,</em> <em>Hyderabad,</em> 36, 1-20. Quaintance, A.L. and Baker, A.C. 1914. Classification of the Aleyrodidae Part II. <em>Tech. Ser. Bur. Entomol. U. S</em>., 27: 95 - 109. Quaintance, A.L. and Baker, A.C. 1917. A contribution to our knowledge of the whiteflies of the subfamily Aleyrodinae (Aleyrodidae). <em>Proc. U. S. Natn. Mus</em>., 51: 335 - 445. Ramani, S. 2000. Fortuitous introduction of an aphelind parasitoid of the spiralling whitefly, <em>Aleurodicus dispersus</em> Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) into the Lakshadeep Islands with notes on host plants and other natural enemies. <em>J. Biol. Control</em>, 14 (1): 55 - 60. Rao, A.S. 1958. Notes on Indian Aleurodidae (Whiteflies) with special reference to Hyderabad.&nbsp; <em>Proc. 10th Int. Cong. Entomol</em>., 1: 331 - 326. Russell, L.M. 1965. A new species of Aleurodicus Douglas and two close relatives (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). <em>Fla. Entomol</em>., 48: 47 - 55. Singh, D. and Goel, R.K.&nbsp; 2009. Anticonvulsant effect of <em>Ficus religiosa:</em> role of serotonergic pathways, <em>J. Ethanopharmacol</em>, 123: 330-334. Singh, H.S., S.Mandal, R.s. mishra, s.k. srivastava, b.k.das, a.k. sahoo, m.a.anwar, t.saha, durga prasad, arvind kumar, riyaz ahemad, s.b. sah, anil kumar, r.g. singh, u.s. nayak and a.das, 2014. emerging pests of vegetables, ginger and tuber crops in eastern India, <em>J. Appl. Zool. Res</em>. 25(2): 171-176. Singh, K. 1931.&nbsp; A contribution towards our knowledge of the Aleyrodidae (whiteflies) of India.&nbsp; <em>Mem. Dept. Agric. India. Entomol. Ser</em>., 12: 1 - 98. Singh, K.&nbsp; 1945. Notes on Aleurodidae from India III. <em>Indian J.Ent.</em> 6: 75 - 78. Srinivasa, M.V. 2000. Host plants of the spiralling whitefly, <em>Aleurodicus dispersus</em> Russell (Hemiptera: Aleurodidae). <em>Pest Management in Horticultural Ecosystems</em>, 6(2): 79 - 105. Sundararaj, R. 1989. Taxonomic studies on Indian aleyrodids of the tribe <em>Dialeurodini</em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera), <em>Ph.D. thesis, University of Madras, Chennai </em>: 171 pp. Sundararaj, R. and David, B.V. 1993a. New species of <em>Aleuroclava</em> Singh from India (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). <em>Oriental Insects</em>, 27: 233 - 270. Sundararaj, R. and Dubey, A.K.&nbsp; 2007. Identification of Indian species of whitefly genus <em>Dialeuropora</em> Quaintance &amp; Baker (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their host plants. <em>Indian Journal of Forestry</em>, 30(2): 185 - 188. Sundararaj, R. and Pushpa, R.&nbsp; 2011a. Aleyrodids (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) of India with description of some new species and new host records. pp. 407-534. <em>In: Gupta, Rajiv K. (Ed.), Advancements in Invertebrate Taxonomy and Biodiversity. AgroBios (International),</em> viii+534 pp. Takahashi, R. 1934. Aleyrodidae of Formosa, Part III.&nbsp; <em>Rep. Dep. Agric. Govt. Res. Inst. Formosa</em>, 63: 39 - 71. Takahashi, R.1952b. Some Malayan species of Aleyrodidae (Homoptera). <em>Mushi</em>, 24: 21 - 27.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> All the endomycorrhizal species associated to the olive tree in the world were listed in this bibliographic inventory. Fifty endomycorrhizal species were isolated from the rhizosphere of the olive tree; the majority of them were encountered in Spain (21 species), followed by Morocco (20 species) and Italy (15 species). The lowest spore&rsquo;s number was encountered in Israel, Greece and Tunisia with 2 species. <em>Glomus mosseae </em>was the most common species in the world, actually was cited in eight countries, and followed by <em>G. intraradices</em>&nbsp;in seven countries. Six genera of the endomycorrhizal species were detected. The <em>Glomus </em>genus was the most dominant represented by 29 species, followed by<em> Gigaspora </em>with 7 species. <em>Acaulospora</em> and <em>Scutellospora </em>with 5 species for each. 1 species for both of <em>Entrophospora </em>and <em>Geosiphon.</em> <strong>Key words. </strong>Endomycorrhizae, olive tree (<em>Olea europaea</em> L.), <em>Glomus, Gigaspora Acaulospora</em>, <em>Scutellospora, Entrophospora,</em> <em>Geosiphon.</em> <strong>REFERENCES</strong> &nbsp; Azc&oacute;n-Aguilar C, Palenzuela J, Rold&aacute;n A, Bautista S, Vallejo R, Barea JM (2003). Analysis of the mycorrhizal potential in the rhizosphere of representative plant species from desertification-threatened Mediterranean shrublands. Appl. Soil Ecol., 22: 29-37. Gianinazzi, S., A. Trouvelot and V. Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1983. Les endomycorhizes: importancedans la croissance et le d&eacute;veloppement des arbresfruitiers. Fruits, 38(9): 659-662. Binet MN, Lemoine MC, Martin C, Chambon C, Gianinazzi S (2007). Micropropagation of olive (Olea europaea L.) and application of mycorrhiza to improve plantlet establishment. In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol. Plant 43: 473-478. Calvente R., Cano C., Ferrol N., Azc&oacute;n-Aguilar C., Barea J. M., 2004. Analysing natural diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) plantations and assessment of the effectiveness of native fungal isolates as inoculants for commercial cultivars of olive plantlets. Applied Soil Ecology 26: 11&ndash;19. 5.Caravaca F., &nbsp;D&iacute;az E.,&nbsp; &nbsp;Barea J.M., Azc&oacute;n-Aguilar C., Rold&aacute;n A., 2003. Photosynthetic and Transpiration Rates of&nbsp;<em>Olea europaea</em>&nbsp;subsp.&nbsp;<em>sylvestris</em>&nbsp;and<em>Rhamnus lycioides</em>&nbsp;as Affected by Water Deficit and Mycorrhiza. 46 (4)&nbsp;: 637-639. Roldan-Fajardo BE, Barea JM, Mycorrhizal dependency in the olive tree (Olea europaea L.), Physiology and genetics aspects of mycorrhizae, Paris, 323-326 (1986) Caravaca F., Alguacil M.M., Barea J.M., Roldan A., 2005. A survival of inocula and native AM fungi species associated with shrubs in a degraded Mediterranean excosystem. Soil Biol. And Biochem., 37: 227-233. Caravaca F., Barea J.M., Figueroa D., Rold&aacute;n A., 2002. Assessing the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil compost addition for enhancing reafforestation with Olea europaea subsp.sylvestris through changes in soil biological and physical parameters. Applied Soil Ecology 20: 107&ndash;118. Ortas, I., 2012. Mycorrhiza in Citrus: Growth and&nbsp;&nbsp;Nutrition.&nbsp;In Srivastava A. K. (ed) Advances in Citrus Nutrition. Springer Netherlands. pp: 333-351. Akhtar, M.S. and Z.A. Siddiqui, 2008. Arbuscular&nbsp;mycorrhizal fungi as potential bioprotectantsagainst plant pathogens. &nbsp;In: Siddiqui, Z.A., Akhtar,M.S. and Futai, K. (eds) Mycorrhizae: Sustainable agriculture and forestry. Springer Netherlands. pp:61-97. Castillo P., Nico A.I., Azc&oacute;n-Aguilar C., Del R&iacute;o Rinc&oacute;n C., Calvet C., and Jim&eacute;nez-D&iacute;az R.M., 2006. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Protection of olive planting stocks against parasitism of root-knot nematodes by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Pathology. 55, 705&ndash;713. Davies F.T., Estrada-Luna A., Finnerty T.L., Egilla J.N., Olalde-Portugal V., 2000. Applications of mycorrhizal fungi in plant propagation systems. In: Ecolog&iacute;a, Fisiolog&iacute;a y Biotecnolog&iacute;a de la Micorriza Arbuscular (A. Alarc&oacute;n and R. Ferrera, eds.). IRENAT Colegio de Postgraduados. Montecillo. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, Spain, pp. 123-140. 1.Fusconi, A. and G. Berta, 2012. Environmentalstress and role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.&nbsp;In : Ahmad, P. &amp; Prasad, M.N.V. (eds) Abiotic Stress Responses in Plants: Metabolism,Productivity and Sustainability. Springer NewYork. pp: 197-214..Marulanda, A.; Porcel, R.; Barea, J.M.; Azcon, R. 2007. Drought tolerance and antioxidant activities in lavender plants colonized by native drought-tolerant or drought-sensitive Glomus species. Microbial Ecology 54: 543-552. Chatzistathis T., Orfanoudakis M., Alifragis D., Therios I., 2013. Colonization of Greek olive cultivars&rsquo; root system by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus: root morphology, growth, and mineral nutrition of olive plants. Scientia Agricola. Sci. Agric. v.70, n.3, p.185-194. Bolandnazar, S.; Aliasgarzad, N.; Neishabury, M.R.; Chaparzadeh, N. 2007. Mycorrhizal colonization improves onion (Allium cepa L.) yield and water use effi ciency under water defi cit condition. Scientia Horticulturae 114: 11-15. 5.Selosse, M.A. and F. Le Tacon, 1999. Leschampignons dopent la for&ecirc;t. La Recherche, 319:33-35. Chliyeh M., Ouazzani Touhami A., Filali-Maltouf A., C. El Modafar., Moukhli A., Oukabli A., Benkirane R., and Douira A., 2014. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 2 (2): 1-14. Dag A., Yermiyahu&nbsp;U., Ben-Gal&nbsp;A.,&nbsp;Zipori&nbsp;I.,&nbsp;Kapulnik Y., 2009. Nursey and post-transplant field response of olive trees to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an arid region. Crop and Pasture Science 60 (5): 427-433.&nbsp; Mar&igrave;n-Zamora, M., Garc&igrave;a-F&egrave;rriz, L., Ghorbel, R., Ybarra, M. and Mar&igrave;, A. 2002. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on micropropagated olive plants. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 586:907-910. Esta&uacute;n V., Camprubi A., Calvet C., 2003. Nursery and field response of olive trees inoculated with two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Glomus intraradices and Glomus mosseae. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 128 (5): 767-775. Carretero, C.L.; Cantos, M.; Garcia, J.L.; Azcon, R.; Troncoso, A. 2009. Growth responses of micropropagated cassava clones as affected by Glomus intraradices colonization. Journal of Plant Nutrition 32: 261-273. Ganz T.R., Kailiss G., Abbott L.K., 2002. Mycorrhizal&nbsp;colonization and its effect on growth, phosphorus uptake and tissue phenolic content in the European&nbsp;olive&nbsp;(Olea europaea L.). Advances in horticultural science. 3 (4): 109-116. Citernesi A.S. &amp; Vitagliano C., 1996. Effetti della simbiosi micorrizica arbuscolare su talee di diverse variet&agrave; di Olea europaea L. Atti Conv. &quot;L&#39;Olivicoltura mediterranea: stato e prospettive della coltura e della ricerca&quot;. Cosenza 26-28 gen. 1995: 305-314. Kachkouch W., Ouazzani Touhami A., Filali-Maltouf A., El Modafar C., Moukhli A., Oukabli A., Benkirane R., 2012. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species associated with rhizosphere of Olea europaea L. in Morocco. Journal of Animal &amp;Plant Sciences. 15 (3): 2275-2287. Nzanza, B.; Marais, D.; Soundy, P. 2012. Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to nursery inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B-Soil and Plant Science 62: 209-215. Doubkova, P.; Suda, J.; Sudova, R. 2012. The symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi contributes to plant tolerance to serpentine edaphic stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 44: 56-64. Citernesi A.S., Vitagliano C., Giovannetti M., 1998. Plant growth and root system morphology of Olea europaea L. Rooted cutting as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhiza. J Hortic Sci Biotech 75, 647-654. Shokri, S.; Maadi, B. 2009. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the mineral nutrition and yield of Trifolium alexandrium plants under salinity stress. Journal of Agronomy 8: 79-83. 18.Karajeh M., Al-Raddad A., 1999. Effect of VA&nbsp;mycorrhizal&nbsp;fungus (Glomus mosseae Gerd &amp; Trappe) on Verticillium dahliae Kleb. of&nbsp;olive. Dirasat Agric. Sci., 26 (3): 338-341. Meddad-Hamza A., Beddiar A., Gollotte A., Lemoine M.C., Kuszala C., and Gianinazzi S., 2010. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve the growth of olive trees and their resistance to transplantation stress. African Journal of Biotechnology 9(8): 1159-1167. 20.Zhu, X.C., F.B. Song and H.W. Xu, 2010. Arbuscular mycorrhizae improves low temperature stress in maize via alterations in host water status and photosynthesis. Plant and Soil, 331(1-2): 129-137. Sch&uuml;&szlig;ler, A. and C. Walker, 2011. Evolution of the &lsquo;Plant-Symbiotic&rsquo; Fungal Phylum, Glomeromycota. In: P&ouml;ggeler, S. &amp; W&ouml;stemeyer, J. (eds) The Mycota XIV - Evolution of Fungi and&nbsp;Fungal-Like Organisms. Springer BerlinHeidelberg, pp: 163-185 1.Bhagyaraj, D.J., 1991. Ecology of vesicular&nbsp;arbuscular rmycorrhizae.&nbsp;In: Arora, D. K., Rai, B.,Mukerji, K. G., and Knudsen, G.R., Marcel Dekker&nbsp;(eds), Hand&nbsp;Book&nbsp;of&nbsp;Applied.&nbsp;Mycology&nbsp;Vol.&nbsp;I,&nbsp;New&nbsp;York, pp: 3-34. 2.Sheng, M.; Tang, M.; Chen, H.; Yang, B.; Zhang, F.; Huang, Y. 2009. Infl uence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on the root system of maize plants under salt stress. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55: 879-886. Mira F.R., 2009. L&rsquo;effeto delle micorrize arbusculari sulla crescita di piante di olivo (Olea europaea L.) micropropagate. PhD Research in Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture, Universita degli Studi della Tuscia. 94 pp. Porras Piedra A., Soriano Mart&iacute;n M. L., Porras Soriano A. and Fern&aacute;ndez Izquierdo G., 2005. Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizas on the growth rate of mist-propagated olive plantlets. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research. 3(1): 98-105. 5.Kapulnik, Y., L. Tsror, I. Zipori, M. Hazanovsky,S. Wininger and A. Dag, 2010. Effect of AMF application on growth, productivity and&nbsp;susceptibility to Verticillium wilt of olives grownunder desert conditions. Symbiosis, 52(2-3): 103-111. Porras Soriano A, Domench Menor B, Castillo Rubio J, Soraino Martin M L, Porras Piedra A (2002). Influence des mycorhizes v&eacute;sico-arbusculaires sur la croissance des boutures d&rsquo;olivier multipli&eacute;es sous n&eacute;bulation. Oliv&aelig; 92: 33-37. Porras-Soriano A, Marcilla-Goldaracena I, Soriano-Mart&iacute;n ML, Porras Piedra A (2006) Development and resistance to Verticillium dahliae of olive plantlets inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi during the nursery period. J Agric Sci 144:151&ndash;157. Porras-Soriano A., Soriano-Martin M.L., Porras-Piedra A., Azcon R., 2009. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increased growth, nutrient uptake and tolerance to salinity in olive trees under nursery conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology 166 (2009): 1350&mdash;1359. Pasqualini, D.; Uhlmann, A.; Sturner, S.L. 2007. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities influence growth and phosphorus concentration of woody plants species from the Atlantic rain forest in South Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 245: 148-155. Sidhoum W. and Fortas Z., 2013. Effect of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of semi-woody olive cuttings of the variety &quot;Sigoise&quot; in Algeria. American Journal of Research Communication. 1 (11): 244-257. Soriano M.M.L., Azc&oacute;n R., Barea J.M., Porras-Soriano A.^, Goldaracena, Marcilla I., Porras P.A., 2006. Reduction of the juvenile period of new olive plantations through the early application of mycorrhizal fungi.&nbsp; 171 (1): 52-58. 12.Argenson, C., S. Regis, J.M. Jourdain, &amp; P.Vaysse, 1999. The olive tree. L&#39;olivier. Centretechnique interprofessionnel des fruits et l&eacute;gumes, Paris. Citernesi A.S., Vitagliano C., Giovannetti M., 1998. Plant growth and root systems morphology of Olea europaea L. rooted cuttings as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizas. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 73: 647-654. Rinaldelli E. &amp; Mancuso S., 1996. Response of young mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants of olive tree (Olea europaea L.) to saline conditions. I. Short-term electrophysiological and long-term vegetative salt effects. Advances in Horticultural Science, 10: 126-133. Rinaldelli E. &amp; Mancuso S., 1998. Risposte, a breve e lungo termine, di piante di olivo (Olea europaea L.) micorrizate e non micorrizate, allevate in substrati salini. Olivae, 74: 45-49. Briccoli Bati C., Godino G., 2002. Influenza delle micorrize sull&#39;accrescimento in vivaio di piante di olivo. Italus Hortus, 9 (3): 20-21. Rapparini F. &amp; Rotondi A., 2006. Micorrize, nuove prospettive ecocompatibili. Olivo e Olio, 4: 8-10. Tataranni G., Santilli E., Briccoli Bati C., Dichio B., 2010. Influenza della simbiosi micorrizica sulla risposta vegetativa di cinque cultivar di Olea europaea. Italus Hortus, 17: 60-63. Briccoli Bati C, Godino G., Belfiore T., 2003. Ruolo della simbiosi micorrizica nella produzione vivaistica di piante di olivo. Convegno &quot;L&#39;innovazione nel vivaismo orto-floro-frutticolo&quot;, Giornate tecniche SOI, Taormina 2-4 ottobre. Italus Hortus, vol.10 (suppl. al n.4): 160-164. Junaid Alam and Abhishek Mathur, 2014. Evaluation of antifungal potential of chitin and chitin-based derivatives against pathogenic fungal strains. Biolife. 2(4):1354-1358. Troncoso, A., Li&ntilde;&aacute;n, J., Carretero, C.L., Garc&iacute;a, J.L., Troncoso, J., Garc&iacute;a, M. and Cantos, M. 2008. Influence of the mycorrhizal&nbsp;Glomus intraradices&nbsp;on the development of in vitro raised olive seedlings during acclimation phase. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 791:225-231. Mechri B., Attia F., Tekaya M., Cheheb H., Hammami M., 2014a. Colonisation of olive trees (Olea europaea L.) with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus sp modified the glycolipids biosynthesis and resulted in accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Plant Physiology. 1-18. Mechri B, Manga AGB, Tekaya M, Attia F, Cheheb H, Ben Meriem F, Braham M, Boujnah D, Hammami M., 2014b Changes in microbial communities and carbohydrate profiles induced by the mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus intraradices) in rhizosphere of olive trees (Olea europaea L.). Appl Soil Ecol 2014. 75:124&ndash; 133. Khabou W., Nacer H. and Fortin A., 2010. La mycorhization : Une methode biotique pour ameliorer la croissance et contourner le stress abiotique chez l&rsquo;olivier (Olea europaea L.). Revue Ezzaitouna. 11 (2): 1-10. Vitagliano, C. and Citernesi, A.S. 1999. Plant growth of olea europaea&nbsp;L. as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 474:357-362. Cantos, M., Li&ntilde;&aacute;n, J., Carretero, C.L., Troncoso, A. and Azc&oacute;n, R. 2009. Influence of Mycorrhization During the hardening process of micropropagated plants. Acta Hort. (ISHS) 812:455-460. El-Deeb, M. D. 2000. Growth of &#39;Frantoio&#39; olive transplants under mycorrhizae inoculation, salinity irrigation and phosphorus fertilization. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor&nbsp;38 (4): 2369-2386. Bompadre M.J., P&eacute;rgola M., Bidondo L.F., Colombo R.P., Silvani V.A., Pardo A.G., Ocampo J.A., and Godeas A.M., 2014. Evaluation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Capacity to Alleviate Abiotic Stress of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Plants at Different Transplant Conditions. The Scientific World Journal. 12 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/378950. Bompadre M.J.,&nbsp;Rios De Molina M.C.,&nbsp;Colombo R.P.,&nbsp; Fernandez Bidondo L.,&nbsp; Silvani V.A.,&nbsp; Pardo A.G.,&nbsp; Ocampo J.A.,&nbsp; Godeas A.M., 2013. Differential efficiency of two strains of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus <em>Rhizophagus irregularis</em>&nbsp;on olive (<em>Olea europaea</em>) plants under two water regimes. Symbiosis. 61,&nbsp;(2)&nbsp;: 105-112. Troncoso de Arce A., Li&ntilde;&aacute;n Benjumea J., Carretero M.C. L., Garc&iacute;a Fern&aacute;ndez J.L.,&nbsp; Troncoso Mendoza J., Garc&iacute;a Li&ntilde;&aacute;n M., Cantos M., 2005. Influencia de la micorriza ves&iacute;culo arbuscular Glomus Fasciculatum, sobre el desarrollo de plantas j&oacute;venes de olivo. XII Simposium Cient&iacute;fico-T&eacute;cnico Expoliva&#39;05. Foro del Olivar y Medio Ambiente: OLI 11 (2005). Vieira V. C.S., Melloni R., Neto J.V., 2011. Avalia&ccedil;&atilde;o da intera&ccedil;&atilde;o micorr&iacute;zica em cultivares de oliveira (Olea europea L.). R. Bras. Ci. Solo, 35:1885-1892. Dos Reis Ferreira G.M., 2014.&nbsp; Fungos micorr&iacute;zicos arbusculares na produ&ccedil;&atilde;o de mudas de oliveira (Olea europaea L.) cultivadas no sul de Minas Gerais. Mestrado em meio ambiente e recursos h&iacute;dricos. 59pp. Wu, Q.S.; Zou, Y.N. 2010. Benefi cial roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in citrus seedlings at temperature stress. Scientia Horticulturae 125: 289-293. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> The effect of immunostimulant, IDS and Gen Vac B vaccine was studied on the enzymatic activities of SOD and CAT in the abdominal muscles of male Swiss albino mice mice (6 - 8 weeks old; 23 - 26g wt) at different days of experiment. Eighty mice were separated into 8 groups as group I (Immunex DS was orally administered @ 150mg/mouse on 0 day), group A (IDS @ 150 mg/mouse + 0.07 ml/mouse Gen Vac B vaccine was injected on day 4 of experiment, group B (IDS @ 150mg/mouse + vaccine @ 0.1 ml/mouse), group C (IDS @ 150mg/mouse +&nbsp; vaccine @ 0.2 ml/mouse), group D (IDS @ 150mg/mouse + vaccine @ 0.4 ml/mouse), group E (IDS @ 150mg/mouse +&nbsp; vaccine @ 0.8 ml/mouse) and group F (IDS @ 150mg/mouse +&nbsp; vaccine @ 1.0 ml/mouse) and group U (untreated with IDS + uninfected) was kept as controls for comparison. Two mice from each experimental (A, B, C, D, E and F) and control groups U and I (after day 7 of vaccine treatment in case of experimentals) were necropsied, from day 1-5 of experiment. Abdominal muscle tissue was separated and analyzed for SOD and CAT activities using standard methods. The activity of SOD showed a considerable increase in all the experimental groups of mice and a decreased CAT activity when compared with controls (group U) and IDS treated mice (group I) during the entire experimental period. The level of SOD and CAT almost remained constant from day 1 to 5 of experiment in IDS treated mice. Increased activities of these of enzymes are responsible for regulation of active oxygen species which play a significant role in pathogenesis of muscular dystrophies. It is evident that IDS and/or vaccine might have caused stress resulting in the marked alteration in the level of SOD and CAT in the abdominal muscles of mice. <strong>Keywords:</strong> SOD, CAT, Abdominal muscles, Mice, Immunostimulant, Hepatitis B. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Abdel-Moneim, AE.,Dkhil, MA. AI-Quraishy, S. 2010. The redox status in rats treated with flaxseed oil and lead-induced hepatotoxicity. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. (Epub ahead of print). Akyol, O., Herken, H., Uz, E., Fadillioglu, E., Unal, S., Sogut, S., Ozyurt, H. and Savas, HA. 2002. The indices of endogenous oxidative and antioxidative processes in plasma from schizophrenic patients. The possible role of oxidant/antioxidant imbalance. Prog. Neuropsychopharmacol Biol. Psychiarty. 26: 995-1005. Attri, S., Rana, S. V., Vaiphei, K., Sodhi, CP., Katyal, R., Goel, RC et al. 2000. Isoniazid and rifampicin induced oxidative hepatic injury protection by N-acetycysteine. Hum Exp. Toxicol.19: 517-522. Dkhil, M. A.,&nbsp; AbdelMoniem, A E., AI-Quraishy, S. and Saleh, R. A. 2011. Antioxidant effects of purslane (Portulacaoleracea) and its mechanism of action. J. Medicinal. Plants. Research. 5(9): 1589-1563. Forman, H.J. and Fischer, A. B. 1981 Antioxidant defense in: Danial, E and Gilbert, L: eds. Oxygen and living process. An inter disciplinary approaches. Academic Press, New York 237-248. Fyiad, A. A., Abd El-Kader, M. A. and Abd El-Haleem, A. H. 2012. Modulatory effects of pomegranate juice on nucleic acids alterations and oxidative stress in experimentally hepatitis rats. Life Science J.&nbsp; 9(3): 676-682. Golden, T. R., Hinerfeld, D. A. and Melov, S. 2002. Oxidative stress and aging: Beyond correlation. Aging Cell. 1: 117-123. Gupta, S.,&nbsp; Agarwal,&nbsp; A., Banerjee, J. and Alvarez, J. G. 2007. The role of oxidative stress in spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy loss: A systemic review. Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. 62: 335-347. Hao, H., Nancai, Y., lei, F., Wen, S., Guofu, H., Yanxia, W., Hanju, H. and Qian, L.2009. Retracted: Antiaging effect of purslane herb aqueous extracts and its mechanism of action. Phytother. Res. 23: i-vii. Kumar, G., Banu, G. S. and&nbsp; Murugesan, A. G. 2008. Effect of <em>Helicteresisora</em> bark extracts on heart antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. Appl. Biomed. 6: 89-95. Lavanchy, D. 2004.Hepatitis B virus epidemiology, disease burden, treatment and current and emerging prevention and control measures. J. Viral Hepatol. 11(2): 97-107. Milich, D. and Liang, J. T. 2003. Exploring the Biological basis of hepatitis B e antigen in hepatitis B virus infection.&nbsp; Hepatol.&nbsp; 38(5): 1075-1086. Misra, H. P. and Fridovich, I. 1972. The role of superoxide anion in the antioxidation of epinephrine and a sample assay for superoxide dismutase. J. Biol. Chem. 247: 3170-3175. Nwozo, S. O., Osunmadewa, D. A. and Oyinloye, B. E. 2014. Anti-fatty liver effects of oils from <em>Zinger officinale</em>and<em> Curcuma longa</em> on ethanol-induced fatty liver in rats. J. Integr. Med. 12(1): 59-65. Ognjanovic, B. I., Markovic, S. D., Pavlovic, S. Z., Zikic, R. V. and Stajn, A. S. 2008. Effect of chronic cadmium exposure on antioxidant defense system in some tissues of rats: protective effect of selenium. Physiological Research 57(3): 403-411. Petrunov, B., Nenkov, P. and Shekerdjiisky, R. 2007. The role of immunostimulants in immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis.&nbsp; Biotechnol.&nbsp; Biotechnol. EQ. 21(4): 454-462. Pette, D and Vrbova, G. 1985. Neural control of phenotypic expression in mammalian muscle fibers. Muscle Nerve. 8: 676-689. Saad, TM. M. and Ammar, AA. A. 2011. Protective role of peanut oil in rats exposed to two different doses of gamma radiation that produced oxidative stress and bone injury. Egyptian. J. Hospital Medicine. 44: 380-391. Sabina, E. P.,&nbsp; Rasool, M., Vedi, M. and Geethanjali, A. 2013.Protective properties of traditional herbal formulation against D-Galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Int. J. Drug Dev. &amp; Res. 5(2): 164-173. Sailaja, K.V., Shivaranjani, V. L., Poornima, H., Md, S. B., Rahamathulla, K., Devi, L* 2013. Protective effect of <em>TribulusTerrestris</em> L. fruit aqueous extract on lipid profile and oxidative stress in isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in male albino wistar rats. EXCLI J. 12: 373-383. Sandeep, V., Kavitha, N., Praveena, M., Sekhar, P. R. and Rao, K. J. 2014. Alterations of detoxification enzyme levels in different tissues of sodium fluoride (NaF) treated albino mice. Int. J. Adv. Research. 2(1): 492-497. Srithar, G., Sudha, M. and Nalini, N. 2013. Linalool exerts dose dependent chemopreventive effect against 1,2-dimethyhydrazine induced rat colon carcinogenesis. Int. J. Pharmceu. and Biol. Archives. 4(4): 758-770. Srivastava, A. and Shivanandappa, T. 2010. Hepatoprotective effect of the root extract of <em>Decalepishamiltonii</em> against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in rats. Food Chemistry. 118: 411-417. Thomas, M. J. 2000. The role of free radicals and antioxidants. Nutrition. 16: 716-718. Verma, V. K. and Hussain, Z. 2013. Effect of&nbsp; 50% ethanolic extract of roots of <em>Cissampelospareira</em> on some bio-chemical parameters to investigate the hepato-protective study in animal models (rats). J. Drug Discovery and Therapeutics. 1(7): 106-116. Wong, C. H. and Goh, K. L. 2006. Chronic hepatitis B infection and liver cancer. Biomed. Imaging. Interv J. 2(3): e7.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Present study was conducted on four fresh water ecosystems to analyses, the importance of freshwater ecosystems. Biological components, species diversity, alien species, aquatic macrophytes distribution in four lakes around study area was studied during&nbsp;2012-2014. Among these four lakes we expressed in terms of four sites. In this some areas divides into sub areas due to some are having more upstream catchment areas and also. Total number of species&nbsp;&nbsp; 148 varying by their mesotrophic and eutropic&nbsp; habitat condition .Site I&nbsp; 74 Site II&nbsp; 68&nbsp; Site III&nbsp; 131&nbsp; Site IV&nbsp; 95.Total Genera&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 104&nbsp; and Families&nbsp;&nbsp; 44&nbsp;&nbsp; recorded during this study .Maximum specie are recorded from site III that number&nbsp;&nbsp; followed&nbsp; by site IV ,site I , site II&nbsp; . The use of several species in phytoremidiation has increased recently as on alternative technique for treatment of domestic as well as industrial water containing several effluents. This suggests that anthropogenic activities have some limits; if we cross them, then it will cause unfavourable to human and as well as all organisms by effecting of changing of ecological niche and tropic levels. <strong>Key words</strong>: Eutrphication, Invasive Weeds, Macrophytes, Phytoremediation, Fresh Water Ecosystem <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Ambasht, R. S. (2005). Macrophytes limnology in the Indian subcontinent. Ukaaz Publication, Hyderabad: 58 &ndash; 174 Bhaskar, V. &amp; Raji, B.A. 1973. <em>Hydrophytes and marsh plants of Mysore city</em>. Prasaranga, University of Mysore, Mysore, India<strong>.</strong> Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Devi B,&nbsp;<em>Journal. Eco. Taxo.Bot</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2006</strong>, 30 (suppl),&nbsp;133-139. Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Bora PC, Kar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Advance Plant Sciences</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2008</strong>, 4(1&amp;2),&nbsp;69-73. Billore DK, Vyas IN,&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Ecological Science</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1981</strong>, (7),&nbsp;45-54. Biswas K, Calder CC,&nbsp;<em>Hand book of common water and marsh plants of India and Burma</em><em>. Calcutta</em>.&nbsp;1936. ( revised ed.1954). Borah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;Journal of Advance plant Sciences,&nbsp;<strong>2012</strong>, 6 (5 &amp; 6),&nbsp;91-101. Cowardian LM, Carter V, Golet FC, LaRoe ET,&nbsp;<em>Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.&nbsp;</em>FWS/OBS-79/31.&nbsp;U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Washington, D.C.,<strong>1979</strong>. Cook, C.D.K. (1996). Aquatic and wetland plants in India Oxford University press. London. Carpenter, S. R., Lodge, D. M. (1986) Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Bot 26:&nbsp;341-370. Chambers, P.A., P. Lacoul, K.J., Murphy, S.M., (2010). World checklist of macrophyte species. Published on the internet; http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/60 accessed 10 August.[12]Daubenmire RF,&nbsp;<em>Plants and Environment</em>. New York,&nbsp;<strong>1947</strong>. Deka U, Sarma SK,&nbsp;New York Science Journal,&nbsp;<strong>2014</strong>, 7 (6),&nbsp;1-8. Ghosh SK,&nbsp;<em>Illustrated Aquatic and Wetland Plants in Harmony with Mankind</em>, Standard Literature, Kolkota, Dutta R, Baruah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;<em>Annal of Biological Research,&nbsp;</em><strong>2011</strong>, 2(4),&nbsp;268-280. Dutta R, Barua D, Sarma SK, Hazarika LP,&nbsp;<em>Nature Environment and Pollution Technology</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2010</strong>, 9(2), 283 Bentham, G. &amp; Hooker, J.D. 1862 - 1883. <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. 3-vols. L. Reeve &amp; Co Ltd, Ashford, Kent. London. Gopal B,&nbsp;<em>Wetland and biodiversity</em>: How to Kill Two Birds With One Stone ? In: W.Giesen (Ed.). Wetlands Biodiversity and Development. Proceeding of Workshop of the International Conference on Wetlands and Development held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and&nbsp;9-13&nbsp;October&nbsp;<strong>1995</strong>. Wetlands Internationals, Kuala Lumpur,<strong>1997</strong>,pp18-28. Kachroo, P. 1984. <em>Aquatic Biology in India</em>. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Kayode, J. and Ogunleye, O.T. (2008) Checklist and Status of Plant Species Used as Spices in Kaduna State of Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture 4,&nbsp;13-18. Kiran, B.R., Patel A.N., Kumar Vijaya and Puttaiah E.T. (2006). Aquatic macrophytes in fish culture ponds at Bhadra fish farm, Karnataka. J. Aqua. Biol. 21(2): 27&ndash; 30. Krull, J.N. (1970). Aquatic&nbsp;plant invertebrate&nbsp;associations and waterfowl. Journal of Wildlife Management&nbsp;34:707-718. Kumar, M. and Singh, J. (1987) Environmental impacts of Aquatic Weeds and their classification. Proceedings of the workshop on management of Aquatic Weeds, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Majid, F. Z. (1986). Aquatic Weeds&nbsp;&ndash;Utility&nbsp;and Development, Agro Botanical Publishers, India. Naskar, K.R. (1990). Aquatic and&nbsp;Semi-aquatic&nbsp;Plants of the Lower Ganga Delta. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. <em>The life forms of plants and statistical plants geography. </em>Clarendon Press, Oxford. Singh, A.K. 2006. A contribution to the Aquatic and Wetland flora of Varanasi. <em>J. Econ.Taxon. Bot. </em>30(1): 6 &ndash; 24. Srivastava RC, Kumar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Ecology Tau. Bor</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1987</strong>, 9,&nbsp;433-458. Subramanyam K.&nbsp;<em>Aquatic Angiosperms</em>, New Delhi.&nbsp;<strong>1962.</strong> Unni KS,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Bombay Natural History Society</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1971</strong>, 64(1),&nbsp;95-102. &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>REFERENCES</strong> &nbsp; Ambasht, R. S. (2005). Macrophytes limnology in the Indian subcontinent. Ukaaz Publication, Hyderabad: 58 &ndash; 174 Bhaskar, V. &amp; Raji, B.A. 1973. <em>Hydrophytes and marsh plants of Mysore city</em>. Prasaranga, University of Mysore, Mysore, India<strong>.</strong> Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Devi B,&nbsp;<em>Journal. Eco. Taxo.Bot</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2006</strong>, 30 (suppl),&nbsp;133-139. Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Bora PC, Kar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Advance Plant Sciences</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2008</strong>, 4(1&amp;2),&nbsp;69-73. Billore DK, Vyas IN,&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Ecological Science</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1981</strong>, (7),&nbsp;45-54. Biswas K, Calder CC,&nbsp;<em>Hand book of common water and marsh plants of India and Burma</em><em>. Calcutta</em>.&nbsp;1936. ( revised ed.1954). Borah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;Journal of Advance plant Sciences,&nbsp;<strong>2012</strong>, 6 (5 &amp; 6),&nbsp;91-101. Cowardian LM, Carter V, Golet FC, LaRoe ET,&nbsp;<em>Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.&nbsp;</em>FWS/OBS-79/31.&nbsp;U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Washington, D.C.,<strong>1979</strong>. Cook, C.D.K. (1996). Aquatic and wetland plants in India Oxford University press. London. Carpenter, S. R., Lodge, D. M. (1986) Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Bot 26:&nbsp;341-370. Chambers, P.A., P. Lacoul, K.J., Murphy, S.M., (2010). World checklist of macrophyte species. Published on the internet; http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/60 accessed 10 August.[12]Daubenmire RF,&nbsp;<em>Plants and Environment</em>. New York,&nbsp;<strong>1947</strong>. Deka U, Sarma SK,&nbsp;New York Science Journal,&nbsp;<strong>2014</strong>, 7 (6),&nbsp;1-8. Ghosh SK,&nbsp;<em>Illustrated Aquatic and Wetland Plants in Harmony with Mankind</em>, Standard Literature, Kolkota, Dutta R, Baruah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;<em>Annal of Biological Research,&nbsp;</em><strong>2011</strong>, 2(4),&nbsp;268-280. Dutta R, Barua D, Sarma SK, Hazarika LP,&nbsp;<em>Nature Environment and Pollution Technology</em>,&nbsp;<strong>2010</strong>, 9(2), 283 Bentham, G. &amp; Hooker, J.D. 1862 - 1883. <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. 3-vols. L. Reeve &amp; Co Ltd, Ashford, Kent. London. Gopal B,&nbsp;<em>Wetland and biodiversity</em>: How to Kill Two Birds With One Stone ? In: W.Giesen (Ed.). Wetlands Biodiversity and Development. Proceeding of Workshop of the International Conference on Wetlands and Development held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and&nbsp;9-13&nbsp;October&nbsp;<strong>1995</strong>. Wetlands Internationals, Kuala Lumpur,<strong>1997</strong>,pp18-28. Kachroo, P. 1984. <em>Aquatic Biology in India</em>. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun. Kayode, J. and Ogunleye, O.T. (2008) Checklist and Status of Plant Species Used as Spices in Kaduna State of Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture 4,&nbsp;13-18. Kiran, B.R., Patel A.N., Kumar Vijaya and Puttaiah E.T. (2006). Aquatic macrophytes in fish culture ponds at Bhadra fish farm, Karnataka. J. Aqua. Biol. 21(2): 27&ndash; 30. Krull, J.N. (1970). Aquatic&nbsp;plant invertebrate&nbsp;associations and waterfowl. Journal of Wildlife Management&nbsp;34:707-718. Kumar, M. and Singh, J. (1987) Environmental impacts of Aquatic Weeds and their classification. Proceedings of the workshop on management of Aquatic Weeds, Amritsar, Punjab, India. Majid, F. Z. (1986). Aquatic Weeds&nbsp;&ndash;Utility&nbsp;and Development, Agro Botanical Publishers, India. Naskar, K.R. (1990). Aquatic and&nbsp;Semi-aquatic&nbsp;Plants of the Lower Ganga Delta. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. <em>The life forms of plants and statistical plants geography. </em>Clarendon Press, Oxford. Singh, A.K. 2006. A contribution to the Aquatic and Wetland flora of Varanasi. <em>J. Econ.Taxon. Bot. </em>30(1): 6 &ndash; 24. Srivastava RC, Kumar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Ecology Tau. Bor</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1987</strong>, 9,&nbsp;433-458. Subramanyam K.&nbsp;<em>Aquatic Angiosperms</em>, New Delhi.&nbsp;<strong>1962.</strong> Unni KS,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Bombay Natural History Society</em>,&nbsp;<strong>1971</strong>, 64(1),&nbsp;95-102.

Background: Childhood cancer survivors experience accelerated aging, largely due to treatment toxicity. We investigated how aging biomarkers, which quantify accelerated aging and capture multifaceted mechanisms, differentially mediate treatment-related cardiotoxicity. Methods: Peripheral blood samples from survivors in the St Jude Lifetime Cohort were profiled with EPIC BeadChip to generate DNA methylation (DNAm) data, from which three established aging biomarkers were subsequently derived: epigenetic age (EA, reflecting epigenetic alterations), leukocyte telomere length (LTL, reflecting cellular senescence), and C-reactive protein (CRP, reflecting chronic inflammation). EA (Levine's PhenoAge) and LTL were calculated with the methylCIPHER R package, while CRP was computed as a weighted (regression coefficients from a prior study) sum of serum CRP-associated CpGs. Cardiomyopathy (CMP) with a CTCAE (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) grade ≥2 and myocardial infarction (MI) with a CTCAE-grade ≥3 were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations of CMP or MI with each biomarker (standardized sample age adjusted residuals), adjusting for sex, attained age, age at primary cancer diagnosis, and cardiotoxic exposures including mean heart irradiation (heart-RT) dose and cumulative anthracycline dose. Linear regression evaluated associations between each biomarker and cardiotoxic exposures, adjusting for sex, age at blood draw and other treatments. Results: Among 3,059 survivors (all of European ancestry; 46.85% female; mean [SD] = 29.35 [0.22] years of age at blood draw), the incidence of CMP and MI was 8.0% and 1.6%, respectively. Biomarker correlations ranged from moderate to high (r2 = 0.32 to 0.67). CRP was associated with increased risk of CMP (Odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.28 [1.11-1.47], P = 8.30 × 10-4) and MI (1.43 [1.09-1.88], P = 1.08 × 10-2). EA was associated with MI risk only (1.76 [1.30-2.38], P = 2.45 × 10-4), and LTL was associated with risk of CMP (1.23 [1.05-1.42], P = 7.86 × 10-3) and MI (1.71 [1.26-2.31], P = 1.19 × 10-3). Furthermore, CRP specifically mediated the cardiotoxicity of heart-RT (13.87%, P &amp;lt; 2.00x10-16) and anthracyclines (3.07%, P = 1.20 × 10-2) on CMP, whereas EA specifically mediated the cardiotoxicity of heart-RT on MI (24.36%, P = 2.00 × 10-3). In contrast, LTL mediated the cardiotoxicity of heart-RT on both CMP (15.06%, P = 8.0 × 10-3) and MI (20.77%, P = 4.00 × 10-3), albeit less significantly. Conclusion: These findings suggest specific aging biomarkers are more informative for certain outcomes, potentially driven by various underlying aging mechanisms. There is no one-fits-all biomarker to identify survivors with greater accelerated aging and hence higher risk of particular adverse outcomes, emphasizing the need for integrative approaches in future clinical research. Citation Format: Xiaoxi Meng, Tiffany Eulalio, Noel-Marie Plonski, John Easton, Heather Mulder, Emily Walker, Geoffrey Neale, Kyla Shelton, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Stephanie B. Dixon, Jinghui Zhang, Melissa M. Hudson, Kirsten K. Ness, Gregory T. Armstrong, Zhaoming Wang. Three aging biomarkers differentially mediate cardiotoxicity after irradiation to the heart or exposure of anthracyclines in survivors of childhood cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 3612.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <em>Plumbago zeylanica</em> belonging to the family <em>plumbaginaceae</em> , proved to be a richer source of components with possible pharmacological values. Isolated from the root of this plant crude extracts were exhibited antimicrobial, antidermatophyte property, the active extracts were subjected for isolation of active constituent by using different techniques. On the basis of antimicrobial activity <em>P. zeylanica</em> have been chosen for the present study. The Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water extracts of roots of <em>P. zeylanica</em> were prepared and these crude extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity by agar dilution method. All the crude extracts has shown promising antimicrobial activity and the results were recorded in minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values. The crude cold methanol extract showed inhibition at a concentration of 35 mg/ml for <em>S. aureus</em>. The results of antimicrobial activity are recorded as minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value in &micro;g/ml at the concentration where the growth of the microorganism is inhibited.&nbsp; Thus the plant <em>Plumbago zeylanica</em> proved to be active among the other plants chosen under bioactivity selection of plant. Root is considered more potent than others. <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Plumbago zeylanica L</em>, Antimicrobial activity, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Crude extracts. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Farnsworth, N.R &amp; Bringel, A.S (1986). <em>Problems and prospects of discovering new drugs from higher plants by pharmacological screening</em>. Wagner, H. and Wolff P. ed., New natural products and plant drugs with pharmacological biological or therapeutic activity, Springer, New York, 1-22. Farnsworth, N.R (1998). <em>Screening of plants for New medicines</em>, Wilson ed. Biodiversity National Academy Press, Washington DC, Part II, 83-97. Narayana, D.B.A., C.K. Katayarand N.B. Brindavanam, (1998). Original system: search, research or re-search.IDMA Bulletin, 29: 413-416. Mukherjee, P.K., Manoranjan, S &amp; Suresh, B (1998). Indian herbal medicines<em>The Eastern Pharmacist,</em>42, 21-24. Anonymous (1959). <em>Wealth of India-</em>Raw Materials, CSIR, New Delhi. Kirtikar, K.R &amp; Basu, B.D (1987). <em>Indian Medicinal Plants</em>, International Book Distributors, Dehradun. Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L &amp; Chopra, I.C (1999). <em>Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants</em>, 5^th edition, National Institute of Science Communications. New Delhi Behl, P.N., Arora, R.B., Srivastava, G &amp; Malhotra, S.C (1993). <em>Herbs: useful in dermatological therapy,</em> 1^st edition, S.K. Jain for CBS Publishers and Distributors, pp. 66-67. Anonymous (1948). <em>Wealth of India- Raw Materials</em>, CSIR, New Delhi. Kirtikar, K.R &amp; Basu, B.D (2000). <em>Indian Medical Plants</em>, Sri Satguru Publications, New Delhi, 3^rd Edition, Vol. 3, p. 873. Kirtikar, K.R &amp; Basu, B.D (2000). I<em>ndian Medicinal Plants</em>, Sri Satguru Publications, New Delhi, Vol. 6, pp. 2030-2031. Kirtikar, K.R &amp; Basu, B.D (2000). <em>Indian Medicinal Plants,</em> Sri Satguru Publications, New Delhi, 3^rd edition, pp. 2205-2207. Behl, P.N., Arora, R.B., Srivastva, G &amp; Malhotra, S.C (1993). <em>Herbs: Useful in Dermatological therapy</em>, 1^st edition, pp. 15-116. Lin LC, Chou CJ. (2003). Meroterpenes and C-glucosylflavonoids from the aerial parts of Plumbago zeylanica. Chinese Pharm J; 55:77-81. Ahmed, I., Mehmood, Z &amp; Mohammad, F (1998). Screening of some Indian medicinal plants for their antimicrobial properties. &nbsp;<em>J. Ethnopharmacol.</em>, 62, ;62(2):183-93. Kini, D.P., Pandey, S., Shenoy, B.D., Singh, U.V &amp; Udupa, N,Umadevi P.Kamath R (1997). Antitumar, and antifertility activities of plumbagin controlled release formulations.&nbsp; <em>Indian J. Exp. Biol.</em>, 35, 374-379. Lin LC, Yang LL, Chou CJ. (2003). Cytotoxic naphthoquinones and plumbagic acid glucosides from Plumbago zeylanica. Phytochemistry; 62:619&ndash;622. Krishnaswamy, M &amp; Purushattaman, K.K (1980). <em>Indian J. Exp. Biol., </em>18, 876-877. Mukharya, D. and Dahia, M.S. (1977). Antimicrobial activity of some plant extract. <em>Indian Drug</em>, 14: 160-162. Jeevan Ram, A., Bhakshu, L &amp; Venkata Raju, R.R (2004). In vitro antimicrobial activity of certain medicinal plants from eastern Ghats, India, used for skin diseases. <em>J. Ethnopharmacol., </em>90,(2-3)353-357. Shen, Z., Doung, Z., Cheng, P., Chen, Z &amp; Liu, J (2003). &nbsp;Effects of plumbagin on platelet aggregation and platelet-neutrophil interactions <em>Planta Medica,</em> 69, 605-609. Simonsen HT, Nordskjold JB, Smith UW, Nyman U, Palpu P, Joshi P et al. (2001) ; In vitro Screening of Indian medicinal plants for antiplasmodial activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology&nbsp; 74:195-204. Veluri, R., Diwan, P. V. (1999). Phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Plumbago zeylanica. Indian Drugs. 36(12): 724-730. Hazra, B., Sarkar, R., Bhattacharyya, S., Ghosh, P.K., Chel, G &amp; Dinda, B (2002). <em>Phytotherapy Res.</em>, 16, 133-137. Dinda, B., Hajra, A.K &amp; Chel, G (1997). Naphthoquinones of Plumbago species <em>J. Indian Chem. Soc</em>., 74, 974-979. Abdul KM and Ramchander RP.( 1995). Modulatory effect of plumbagin (5-hydrozy-2-methyl -1,4-naphthoqunone) on macrophages function in BALB/c mice potentiation of macrophages bacterial activity. <em>Immunopharmacology</em>; 30 (3):231-236. Heble, M.R., Narayanaswamy, S &amp; Chadha, M.S (1974). Tissue differentiation and plumbagin synthesis in variant cell strains of plumbagozeylanica L. in vitro. <em>Plant Sci. Let.,</em> 6, 405-409. Olagunju JA, Jobi AA, Oyedapo OO. (1999). An investigation into the biochemical basis of the observed hyperglycemia in rats treated with ethanol root extract of Plumbago zeylanica Phytotherapy Research; 13(4):346-48. Mahishi, P., Srinivasa, B.H &amp; Shivanna, M.B (2005).Medicinal plant wealth of local communities in some villages in shimoga District of Karnataka,India&nbsp; <em>J. Ethnopharmacol.,</em> 98, 307-312. Gupta MM, Verma RK, Uniyal GC, Jain SP. (1993) Determination of plumbagin by normal phase high-performance liquid chromatography. <em>J Chrom</em> 637, 209&ndash;212 Sateesh Pujari, &amp; Estari Mamidala. (2015). Anti-diabetic activity of Physagulin-F isolated from Physalis angulata fruits. The American Journal of Science and Medical Research, 1(2), 53&ndash;60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352308 Sharma I, Gusain D, Dixit VP. (1991). Hypolipidaemic and antiatherosclerotic effects of plumbagin in rabbits. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology; 35:10&ndash;14 Singh, U.V., Bisht, K.S., Rao, S., Uma Devi, P &amp; Udupa, N (1997). Reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor efficacy of plumbagin using poly (lactic-co-glycolic) biodegradable injectable implant <em>Indian J. Pharmacol., </em>29, 168-172. Masataka, I., Kazumi, T &amp; Hiroshi, F (1991) Cardiotonic action of plumbagin on guinea pig papillary muscle.. <em>Planta Medica,</em> 57, 317-319. Mehmood Z, Ahmad I, Mohammad F, Ahmad S. (1999). Indian medicinal plants: A potential source of anticandidal drugs. Pharmaceutical Biology; 37:237&ndash;242. Richa Tyagi, Ekta Menghani . Suresh Gyan .(2014) A Review on Plumabgo zeylanica : A Compelling Herb. <em>International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR).</em> Vol 5 No 04. Richa Tyagi, Ekta Menghani, Suresh Gyan Vihar, (2014). Phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica: A potent Herb International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR) Vol 5 No 03

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Present study was conducted on four fresh water ecosystems to analyses,the importance of fresh ecosystems biological components, species diversity, alienspecies, aquatic macrophytes distribution in four&nbsp; villages around study area was studied during&nbsp;2012-2014.&nbsp;One hundred and ten different species of were recorded in 41 families in these 24 from Dicotyledons, 14, Monocots, two from Pteridophyta, one from Algae total Genera 84. Poaceae was the most dominant families with 14 species followed by Cyperaceae (10species), Asteraceae(9), Euphorbhiaceae (7), and Twenty five families were represented by one species each. But unfortunately, such very resourceful fresh water ecosystems are gradually degrading due to various natural and manmade activities like, development of commercial fisheries, excessive growth of invasive aquatic weeds mainly Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) S.L., Leersia hexandra SW and Hymenachne acutigluma (Steud) Gill which are suppressing the growth of other associated species,causing of loss of native biota. The migratory birds are <em>Actitis hypoleucos,</em> <em>Ardea purpurea</em>, <em>Plegadis chihi,</em> <em>Mycteria leucocephala.</em> <strong>Key Words: </strong>Macrophytes, Invasive weeds, Native biota, Emergent anchored weeds <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Ambasht, R. S. (2005). Macrophytes limnology in the Indian subcontinent. Ukaaz Publication, Hyderabad: 58 &ndash; 174. Bhaskar, V. &amp; Raji, B.A. 1973. <em>Hydrophytes and marsh plants of Mysore city</em>. Prasaranga, University of Mysore, Mysore, India. Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Devi B,&nbsp;<em>Journal. Eco. Taxo.Bot</em>,&nbsp;2006, 30 (suppl),&nbsp;133-139. Bhattacharjee DK, Sarma SK, Bora PC, Kar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Advance Plant Sciences</em>,&nbsp;2008, 4(1&amp;2),&nbsp;69-73. Billore DK, Vyas IN,&nbsp;<em>International Journal of Ecological Science</em>,&nbsp;1981, (7),&nbsp;45-54. Biswas K, Calder CC,&nbsp;<em>Hand book of common water and marsh plants of India and Burma</em><em>. Calcutta</em>.&nbsp;1936. ( revised ed.1954). Borah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;Journal of Advance plant Sciences,&nbsp;2012, 6 (5 &amp; 6),&nbsp;91-101. Cowardian LM, Carter V, Golet FC, LaRoe ET,&nbsp;<em>Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States.&nbsp;</em>FWS/OBS-79/31.&nbsp;U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: Washington, D.C.,1979. Cook, C.D.K. (1996). Aquatic and wetland plants in India Oxford University press. London. Carpenter, S. R., Lodge, D. M. (1986) Effects of submersed macrophytes on ecosystem processes. Aquatic Bot 26:&nbsp;341-370. Chambers, P.A., P. Lacoul, K.J., Murphy, S.M., (2010). World checklist of macrophyte species. Published on the internet; http://fada.biodiversity.be/group/show/60 accessed 10 August. Daubenmire RF,&nbsp;<em>Plants and Environment</em>. New York,&nbsp;1947. Deka U, Sarma SK,&nbsp;New York Science Journal,&nbsp;2014, 7 (6),&nbsp;1-8. Ghosh SK,&nbsp;<em>Illustrated Aquatic and Wetland Plants in Harmony with Mankind</em>, Standard Literature, Kolkota. 2005. Dutta R, Baruah B, Sarma SK,&nbsp;<em>Annal of Biological Research,&nbsp;</em>2011, 2(4),&nbsp;268-280. Dutta R, Barua D, Sarma SK, Hazarika LP,&nbsp;<em>Nature Environment and Pollution Technology</em>,&nbsp;2010, 9(2), 283. Bentham, G. &amp; Hooker, J.D. 1862 - 1883. <em>Genera Plantarum</em>. 3-vols. L. Reeve &amp; Co Ltd, Ashford, Kent. London. Gopal B,&nbsp;<em>Wetland and biodiversity</em>: How to Kill Two Birds With One Stone ? In: W.Giesen (Ed.). Wetlands Biodiversity and Development. Proceeding of Workshop of the International Conference on Wetlands and Development held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and&nbsp;9-13&nbsp;October&nbsp;1995. Wetlands Internationals, Kuala Lumpur,1997,pp18-28. Kachroo, P. 1984. <em>Aquatic Biology in India</em>. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun Kayode, J. and Ogunleye, O.T. (2008) Checklist and Status of Plant Species Used as Spices in Kaduna State of Nigeria. African Journal of General Agriculture 4,&nbsp;13-18. Kiran, B.R., Patel A.N., Kumar Vijaya and Puttaiah E.T. (2006). Aquatic macrophytes in fish culture ponds at Bhadra fish farm, Karnataka. J. Aqua.Biol. 21(2): 27&ndash; 30. Krull, J.N. (1970). Aquatic&nbsp;plant-invertebrate&nbsp;associations and waterfowl. Journal of Wildlife Management&nbsp;34:707-718. Kumar, M. and Singh, J. (1987) Environmental impacts of Aquatic Weeds and their classification. Proceedings of the workshop on management of Aquatic Weeds, Amritsar, Punjab, India. [24]Majid,F.Z. (1986). Aquatic Weeds&nbsp;&ndash;Utility&nbsp;and Development, Agro Botanical Publishers, India. Naskar, K.R. (1990). Aquatic and&nbsp;Semi-aquatic&nbsp;Plants of the Lower Ganga Delta. Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. Pankaj K. Sahu and Sharmistha Gupta. Medicinal plants of morning glory: convolvulaceae juss. Of central India (Madhya Pradesh &amp; Chhattishgarh). 2014. Biolife. 2(2):463-469. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. <em>The life forms of plants and statistical plants geography. </em>ClarendonPress,Oxford. Singh, A.K. 2006. A contribution to the Aquatic and Wetland flora of Varanasi. <em>J. Econ.Taxon. Bot. </em>30(1): 6 &ndash; 24 Srivastava RC, Kumar A,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Ecology Tau. Bor</em>,&nbsp;1987, 9,&nbsp;433-458 Subramanyam K.&nbsp;<em>Aquatic Angiosperms</em>, New Delhi.&nbsp;1962 Unni KS,&nbsp;<em>Journal of Bombay Natural History Society</em>,&nbsp;1971, 64(1),&nbsp;95-102.

Композиты на основе полианилина и CuCl2·2H2O/ZrOCl2·8H2O, в качестве модифицирующих добавок получены методом химической полимеризации без добавления кислоты. Особенности электронной структуры и химических связей образцов исследованы методами ИК спектроскопии и спектроскопии рентгеновского поглощения. Микроструктура поверхности композитов исследовалась методом сканирующей электронной микроскопии. Полианилин в состав композитов входит в частично окисленной форме, степень окисления полимера зависит от типа модифицирующей добавки. Добавление CuCl2·2H2O/ZrOCl2·8H2O в процессе синтеза увеличивает электропроводность образцов&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; ЛИТЕРАТУРА1. Ćirić-Marjanović G. Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms,structural aspects, properties and applications // Synthetic Metals, 2013, v. 177, pp. 1-47. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2013.06.0042. Боева Ж. А., Сергеев В. Г. 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Abstract Background: HER2 status is a prognostic marker in breast cancer (BC). Studies have demonstrated that patients with high HER2 expression have poor prognosis compared to HER2 negative (HER2-neg) disease.(1,2) Currently, BC is classified into categories based on HER2 expression and hormone receptor status (estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR)). Previously, HER2 status was defined as HER2-neg or HER2- high; however, in 2022, the FDA approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki in the management of metastatic HER2-low BC.3 Though publications from large international academic institutions have studied HER2-low BC, there is a need to understand the biology and characteristics of HER2-low BC patients in the United States in a community cancer setting.(4,5,6) 85% of cancer patients in the US receive oncologic care at a community cancer center.7 Methods: In this retrospective study of metastatic BC patients, the prevalence, histology, and clinical outcomes were analyzed based on HER2 status in a community cancer center in the United States. 2,637 patients were diagnosed with BC between 2010-2020, and 2,470 were excluded due to their early stage diagnoses, male sex, or indeterminate HER2 status. Patients with stage IV BC as defined by the American Joint Committee on Cancer criteria were included. Patients were classified as HER2-high, low, or negative based on IHC scores and FISH. HER2-high is defined as IHC Of 3+ or 2+ with FISH amplification, HER2-low is IHC 1+ or 2+ and FISH negative whereas HER2-neg is IHC 0. Demographic, histologic, and outcome data was abstracted. Z-test of proportions were performed to compare the groups. Results: 167 patients were studied, 21.6% being HER2-high, 40.7% HER2-low, and 37.7% HER2-neg. The median age at diagnosis of stage IV BC for HER2-high was 65, HER-low was 66.5, and HER2-neg was 70. No statistically significant difference was observed between ductal or lobular histology. Hormone receptor positive (HR+) disease was more prevalent among all HER2 groups than hormone receptor negative (HR-). 86% of the HER2-neg patients were HR+ compared to 58% HER2-high (P&amp;lt;0.01). Additionally, 84% of HER2-low patients were HR+ compared to 58% HER2-high (P&amp;lt;0.01). HR- disease was more prevalent in HER2-high patients at 41.6% compared to 16.1% in HER2-low and 14.2% in HER2-neg patients (P&amp;lt;0.01). 89.4% of HER2-high patients had a high Ki-67 proliferation rate (above 20%) compared to 64.1% of HER2-low (P&amp;lt;0.05) and 67.6% of HER2-neg (P=0.08). Brain metastatic disease was more common in HER2-high (11.1%) compared to HER2-low (8.8%) and HER2-neg (6.3%). Bone metastatic disease was more commonly seen in HER2-low (57.4%) and HER2-neg (57.1%) compared to HER2 high disease (47.2%). The median time from initial BC diagnosis to development of stage IV was 5.9 months in HER2-neg, 14 months in HER2-low, and 13.3 months in HER2-high patients. Of the HER2-neg patients, those with triple negative BC defined as HR- and HER2-neg had a median time of 2.1 months from diagnosis to developing stage IV disease. Majority of patients were treated with chemotherapy, and HER2 targeted treatment was only given to HER2-high patients. 68 patients were lost to long term follow-up; however, of the patients evaluable, the median overall survival (mOS) in HER2-high patients was 24 months, HER2-low was 36.4 months, HER2-neg was 33 months, and the triple negative subgroup was 20.2 months. Conclusion: Stage IV BC accounts for 5% of all BC. HER2-high patients presented with high Ki-67 rates and had the lowest mOS. HER2-low patients had the highest mOS and the longest median time between initial BC diagnosis and development of stage IV disease. Future studies with larger cohorts of ethnically diverse, metastatic BC patients treated in community cancer centers should be pursued evaluating the clinical and cost-effectiveness of HER2 targeted therapy in HER2-low BC patients. References Allison, K. H. (2021). Prognostic and predictive parameters in breast pathology: a pathologist’s primer. Modern Pathology, 34, 94–106. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-020-00704-7 Cooke, T., Reeves, J., Lanigan, A., &amp; Stanton, P. (2001). HER2 as a prognostic and predictive marker for breast cancer. Annals of Oncology, 12, S23–S28. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/12.suppl_1.s23 Modi, S., Jacot, W., Yamashita, T., Sohn, J., Vidal, M., Tokunaga, E., Tsurutani, J., Ueno, N. T., Prat, A., Chae, Y. S., Lee, K. S., Niikura, N., Park, Y. H., Xu, B., Wang, X., Gil-Gil, M., Li, W., Pierga, J., Im, S., . . . Cameron, D. A. (2022). Trastuzumab deruxtecan in previously treated HER2-Low advanced breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine/the New England Journal of Medicine, 387(1), 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2203690 Abbasvandi, F., Bayat, M., Akbari, A., Shojaeian, F., Zandi, A., Rahmani, J., Hashemi, M. O., &amp; Akbari, M. E. (2023). Tumor characteristics and survival rate of HER2-low breast cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study. Scientific Reports, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43186-8 Zattarin, E., Sposetti, C., Leporati, R., Mariani, L., Menichetti, A., Corti, C., Benvenuti, C., Fucà, G., Lobefaro, R., Ligorio, F., Presti, D., Provenzano, L., Vingiani, A., Griguolo, G., Sirico, M., Bernocchi, O., Marra, A., Zagami, P., Agostinetto, E., . . . Vernieri, C. (2023). Abstract HER2-02: HER2-02 HER2-Low Status is Associated with Worse Clinical Outcomes in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer Patients Treated With First-Line Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors Plus Endocrine Therapy. Cancer Research, 83(5_Supplement), HER2-02. https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-her2-02 Molinelli, C., Jacobs, F., Agostinetto, E., Nader-Marta, G., Ceppi, M., Bruzzone, M., Blondeaux, E., Schettini, F., Prat, A., Viale, G., Del Mastro, L., Lambertini, M., &amp; De Azambuja, E. (2023). Prognostic value of HER2-low status in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESMO Open, 8(4), 101592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esmoop.2023.101592 Unger, J. M., Vaidya, R., Hershman, D. L., Minasian, L. M., &amp; Fleury, M. E. (2019). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the magnitude of structural, clinical, and physician and patient barriers to cancer clinical trial participation. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 111(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djy221 Citation Format: Brooke Fishman, Elizabeth Crenshaw, Megan Finch, Neeharika Srivastava Makani. HER2 Status and Clinical Outcomes in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2024; 2024 Dec 10-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2025;31(12 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-12-27.

<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Giant African snail, <em>Achatina fulica,</em> a molluscan pest is posing a serious threat to mulberry in few hot spot areas of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and other states.&nbsp; The snail is a highly polyphagous damaging more than 500 plant species including fruit crops, vegetables, ornamental plants and field crops. Its conspicuous occurrence is noticed during rainy season. The climatic conditions like high humidity (&gt;80%) and moderate temperature (9 - 29&deg; C) are more congenial for the population build-up of the pest. With regard to management strategies, among physical method of trapping, papaya stem waste was found to be the best material followed by mulberry shoots and cabbage. Among chemical baits evaluated Metaldehyde (2.5% DP) was found highly specific and efficient against target organism in all weather conditions causing highest mortality due to excessive secretion of mucus compared to Dichlorvos and Methomil baits. The bio-assay studies revealed that Metaldehyde bait is non-toxic to silkworms both by direct contact with silkworm in the rearing bed as well as by feeding mulberry leaves from the mulberry plants treated with Metaldehyde pellets applied to the soil around the mulberry plant base followed by irrigation. <strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Achatina fulica</em>, <em>Bombyx mori</em>, Bait, Metaldehyde, Mulberry, Molluscicide, Specific, Bio-assay. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Anonymous, 2000. DPI notes on giant Africa snail. Animal and plant health services, DPJ, Queensland, p. 1-9. Basavaraju, S. B., Hipparagi, K., Gowda, C.L., Jamagandi and Murthy, N.K. 2000. Preliminary survey on the incidence of <em>Achatina fulica </em>in Davanagere District. <em>Current Research, </em>29: 129. Basavaraju, B. S. Kulapati Hipparagi Chinnamadegowda, C. and Krishnamurthy, N. 2001. Management of giant African snail in betelvine garden. <em>Current Research</em>, 30 (7/8): 116-118.&nbsp; Bieri, M. 2003. 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