Relevant bibliographies by topics / R3B

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'R3B'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "R3B"

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Li, Guangcun, Sanwen Huang, Xiao Guo, Ying Li, Yu Yang, Zhen Guo, Hanhui Kuang, et al. "Cloning and Characterization of R3b; Members of the R3 Superfamily of Late Blight Resistance Genes Show Sequence and Functional Divergence." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 10 (October 2011): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-11-10-0276.

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Massive resistance (R) gene stacking is considered to be one of the most promising approaches to provide durable resistance to potato late blight for both conventional and genetically modified breeding strategies. The R3 complex locus on chromosome XI in potato is an example of natural R gene stacking, because it contains two closely linked R genes (R3a and R3b) with distinct resistance specificities to Phytophthora infestans. Here, we report about the positional cloning of R3b. Both transient and stable transformations of susceptible tobacco and potato plants showed that R3b conferred full resistance to incompatible P. infestans isolates. R3b encodes a coiled-coil nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat protein and exhibits 82% nucleotide identity with R3a located in the same R3 cluster. The R3b gene specifically recognizes Avr3b, a newly identified avirulence factor from P. infestans. R3b does not recognize Avr3a, the corresponding avirulence gene for R3a, showing that, despite their high sequence similarity, R3b and R3a have clearly distinct recognition specificities. In addition to the Rpi-mcd1/Rpi-blb3 locus on chromosome IV, the R3 locus on chromosome XI is the second example of an R-gene cluster with multiple genes recognizing different races of P. infestans.
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Yang, Xiaohui, Xiao Guo, Guangxia Chen, Daofeng Dong, Fang Liu, Yuanjun Yang, Yu Yang, and Guangcun Li. "Comparison of defense responses of transgenic potato lines expressing three different Rpi genes to specific Phytophthora infestans races based on transcriptome profiling." PeerJ 8 (May 5, 2020): e9096. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9096.

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Potato late blight, one of the most devastating diseases in potato, is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Over 20 resistance genes have been cloned including R1, R3a, and R3b. The distinctions between defense response mechanisms mediated by different resistance genes are still unclear. Here we performed transcriptome profiling in three transgenic lines, R1, R3a, and R3b, and wild-type Desiree under inoculation with two P. infestans isolates, 89148 (race 0) and CN152 (super race), using RNA-seq. Compared with wild type, specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the three transgenic lines. The highest number of DEGs occurred in transgenic R3b, with 779 DEGs in response to isolate 89148 and 864 DEGs in response to infection by CN152, followed by transgenic R1 lines with 408 DEGs for isolate 89148 and 267 DEGs for CN152. Based on gene ontology, the most common GO terms (15 for 89148 and 20 for CN152) were enriched in transgenic R3a and R3b lines. This indicates that the defense pathways mediated by R3a and R3b are more similar than those mediated by R1. Further separate GO analysis of up- or down-regulated DEGs showed that the down-regulated DEGs mainly functioned in mediating the resistance of potato to P. infestans 89148 by response to stress biological process and to CN152 by oxidation reduction biological process. KEGG pathways of DNA replication, plant-pathogen interaction and pentose and glucuronate interconversions are unique for transgenic R1, R3a, and R3b lines in incompatible interactions. Quantitative real-time PCR experimental validation confirmed the induced expression of DEGs in the late blight resistance signaling pathway. Our results will lay a solid foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions, and provide a theoretical reference for durable resistance in potato.
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Kusmayadi, Andri. "PENGARUH KOMBINASI TEPUNG ROTI AFKIR DAN TEPUNG KULIT MANGGIS SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI JAGUNG DALAM RANSUM ITIK CIHATEUP TERHADAP PERFORMAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN INCOME OVER FEED COST." JURNAL PETERNAKAN 16, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24014/jupet.v16i2.7000.

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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh level penggunaan tepung roti afkir (TRA) dan tepung kulit manggis (TKM) sebagai substitusi jagung terhadap performan pertumbuhan dan income over feed cost (IOFC) itik Ciahteup. Sebanyak 84 ekor itik Cihateup dibagi secara acak ke dalam 7 kelompok perlakuan pakan yaitu: pakan tanpa perlakuan TRA dan TKM (R0), Pakan dengan penambahan TRA 10% pengganti jagung + 1% TKM (R1A), pakan dengan penambahan TRA 10% pengganti jagung + 2% TKM (R1B), pakan dengan penambahan TRA 20% pengganti jagung + 1% TKM (R2A), pakan dengan penambahan TRA 20% pengganti jagung + 2% TKM (R2B), pakan dengan penambahan TRA 30% pengganti jagung + 1% TKM (R3A) dan pakan dengan penambahan TRA 30% pengganti jagung + 2% TKM (R3B). Variabel yang diamati yaitu bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan dan IOFC. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, apabila berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan metode Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan dan IOFC. Perlakuan R2B yang mengandung 20% TRA dan 1% TKM memiliki performan pertumbuhan yang mendekati perlakuan kontrol. Adapun perlakuan R3A yang mengandung 30% TRA menghasilkan nilai IOFC yang lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Dengan demikian, pemberian 20% TRA dan 2.0% TKM direkomendasikan untuk memperbaiki performan pertumbuhan dan pemberian 30% TRA dapat diaplikasikan untuk menurunkan nilai IOFC.
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Sivaraman, Vijay, Liguo Zhang, Eric G. Meissner, Jerry L. Jeffrey, and Lishan Su. "The Heptad Repeat 2 Domain Is a Major Determinant for Enhanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Fusion and Pathogenicity of a Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Env." Journal of Virology 83, no. 22 (September 2, 2009): 11715–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00649-09.

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ABSTRACT Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-mediated depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes in an infected individual is the hallmark of progression to AIDS. However, the mechanism for this depletion remains unclear. To identify mechanisms of HIV-1-mediated CD4 T-cell death, two similar viral isolates obtained from a rapid progressor patient with significantly different pathogenic phenotypes were studied. One isolate (R3A) demonstrates enhanced pathogenesis in both in vivo models and relevant ex vivo lymphoid organ model systems compared to another isolate, R3B. The pathogenic determinants were previously mapped to the V5-gp41 envelope region, correlating functionally with enhanced fusion activity and elevated CXCR4 binding affinity. To further elucidate specific differences between R3A and R3B within the V5-gp41 domains that enhance CD4 depletion, R3A-R3B chimeras to study the V5-gp41 region were developed. Our data demonstrate that six residues in the ectodomain of R3A provide the major determinant for both enhanced Env-cell fusion and pathogenicity. Furthermore, three amino acid differences in the heptad repeat 2 (HR-2) domain of R3A determined its fusion activity and significantly elevated its pathogenic activity. The chimeric viruses with enhanced fusion activity, but not elevated CXCR4 affinity, correlated with high pathogenicity in the thymus organ. We conclude that the functional domain of a highly pathogenic HIV-1 Env is determined by mutations in the HR-2 region that contribute to enhanced fusion and CD4 T-cell depletion.
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Belfaiza, M., D. Rondelaud, M. Moncef, and G. Dreyfuss. "Fasciola hepatica: cercarial productivity of redial generations in long-surviving Galba truncatula." Journal of Helminthology 78, no. 2 (June 2004): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003213.

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AbstractBimiracidial infections of Galba truncatula with Fasciola hepatica were carried out to determine the effect of food quality on the frequency of 1- and 2-sporocyst infections, to analyse its impact on the developmental patterns (normal, or abnormal) of redial generations, and to verify its consequences on cercarial production. These investigations were performed in snails reared at 20°C and provided with cos lettuce and commercial fish food (Tetraphyll®) as a food source until their death. Double-sporocyst infections with normal development of redial generations were recorded in 43.9% of infected snails (out of 296). Single-sporocyst infections were noted in the other snails, with normal development of generations in 53.7% and abnormal development (the first mother redia early degenerated) in 2.4%. Four successive redial generations were found in long-surviving snails (more than 90 days). In both 1- and 2-sporocyst infections, showing normal development of generations, the daughter rediae, which exited from the first mother redia (R2a rediae), constituted the greater group of free rediae and produced the highest percentages of cercariae (46.2–48.2%). However, the development of these rediae inside the snail body was slower in 2-sporocyst infections than in 1-sporocyst infections. The numbers of rediae noted in subsequent generations (R2b/R3a and R3b/R4a rediae) were similar, whatever the number of full-grown sporocysts. The number of shed cercariae recorded in the 1- and 2-sporocyst infections did not significantly differ. When long-surviving snails died, 19.8–20.7% of cercariae produced by free rediae (essentially by R2b/R3a and R3b/R4a rediae) were still present in their bodies. The increased frequency of 2-sporocyst infections demonstrated that food quality had a significant effect on the redial burden of F. hepatica developing inside G. truncatula.
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Huang, Sanwen, Vivianne G. A. A. Vleeshouwers, Jeroen S. Werij, Ronald C. B. Hutten, Herman J. van Eck, Richard G. F. Visser, and Evert Jacobsen. "The R3 Resistance to Phytophthora infestans in Potato is Conferred by Two Closely Linked R Genes with Distinct Specificities." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 17, no. 4 (April 2004): 428–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2004.17.4.428.

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The R3 locus of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) confers full resistance to avirulent isolates of Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. R3 resides in the distal part of chromosome 11 and segregates in a potato mapping population, from which a well-saturated amplified fragment length polymorphism map is available. Using a population of 1,748 plants, we constructed a high-resolution genetic map at the R3 locus. Using the combination of fine mapping and accurate disease testing with specific P. infestans isolates, we detected that the R3 locus is composed of two genes with distinct specificities. The two genes R3a and R3b are 0.4 cM apart and have both been introgressed from S. demissum, the ‘donor’ species of most characterized race-specific R genes to P. infestans. A natural recombinant between R3a and R3b was discovered in one accession of S. demissum. The synteny between the R3 locus and the tomato I2 locus is discussed.
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Legou, P. "R3B time projection chamber." EPJ Web of Conferences 31 (2012): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20123100031.

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Augot, D., M. Abrous, D. Rondelaud, G. Dreyfuss, and J. Cabaret. "Fasciola hepatica: an unusual development of redial generations in an isolate of Lymnaea truncatula." Journal of Helminthology 73, no. 1 (January 1999): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x99000037.

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Single-miracidium infections of Lymnaea truncatula by Fasciola hepatica were experimentally carried out to identify the redial generations of this trematode when the larval development was unusual (when the first-appearing mother redia, or R1a redia, died after its exit from the sporocyst). Four parameters were measured in the body and pharyngeal region at weekly intervals. At day 49 post-exposure at 20°C, the body of the second mother rediae (R1b) was significantly longer than that of the subsequent generations, R2a and R2b/R3a (a mean of 3.0 mm instead of 1.0 and 0.9 mm, respectively). The body was significantly wider in the R1b and R2a groups than in the R2b/R3a rediae. The pharyngeal lumen was significantly wider in the R1b group than in the R2a and R2b/R3a rediae (a mean of 48.6 μm instead of 10.8 and 3.3 μm at day 49). The thickness of the pharyngeal wall did not differ in the R1b and R2b/R3a groups, but was significantly lower in the R2a group (19.5 μm instead of 23.0–23.6 at day 49). There was better development of R1b and R2b/R3a rediae in the snails when the R1a redia died, compared with normal larval development (with a living R1a redia).
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Reszka-Blanco, Natalia J., Vijay Sivaraman, Liguo Zhang, and Lishan Su. "HIV-1 Env and Nef Cooperatively Contribute to Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Activation via CD4-Dependent Mechanisms." Journal of Virology 89, no. 15 (May 13, 2015): 7604–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00695-15.

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ABSTRACTPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major source of type I IFN (IFN-I) in response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. pDCs are rapidly activated during HIV-1 infection and are implicated in reducing the early viral load, as well as contributing to HIV-1-induced pathogenesis. However, most cell-free HIV-1 isolates are inefficient in activating human pDCs, and the mechanisms of HIV-1 recognition by pDCs and pDC activation are not clearly defined. In this study, we report that two genetically similar HIV-1 variants (R3A and R3B) isolated from a rapid progressor differentially activated pDCs to produce alpha interferon (IFN-α). The highly pathogenic R3A efficiently activated pDCs to induce robust IFN-α production, while the less pathogenic R3B did not. The viral determinant for efficient pDC activation was mapped to the V1V2 region of R3A Env, which also correlated with enhanced CD4 binding activity. Furthermore, we showed that the Nef protein was also required for the activation of pDCs by R3A. Analysis of a panel of R3A Nef functional mutants demonstrated that Nef domains involved in CD4 downregulation were necessary for R3A to activate pDCs. Our data indicate that R3A-induced pDC activation depends on (i) the high affinity of R3A Env for binding the CD4 receptor and (ii) Nef activity, which is involved in CD4 downregulation. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which HIV-1 induces IFN-α in pDCs, which contributes to pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEPlasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are the major type I interferon (IFN-I)-producing cells, and IFN-I actually contributes to pathogenesis during chronic viral infections. How HIV-1 activates pDCs and the roles of pDCs/IFN-I in HIV-1 pathogenesis remain unclear. We report here that the highly pathogenic HIV R3A efficiently activated pDCs to induce IFN-α production, while most HIV-1 isolates are inefficient in activating pDCs. We have discovered that R3A-induced pDC activation depends on (i) the high affinity of R3A Env for binding the CD4 receptor and (ii) Nef activity, which is involved in CD4 downregulation. Our findings thus provide new insights into the mechanism by which HIV-1 induces IFN-α in pDCs and contributes to HIV-1 pathogenesis. These novel findings will be of great interest to those working on the roles of IFN and pDCs in HIV-1 pathogenesis in general and on the interaction of HIV-1 with pDCs in particular.
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Augot, D., D. Rondelaud, G. Dreyfuss, J. Cabaret, C. Bayssade-Dufour, and J. L. Albaret. "Characterization of Fasciola hepatica redial generations by morphometry and chaetotaxy under experimental conditions." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 3 (September 1998): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00016436.

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AbstractMorphometric and chaetotactic studies were carried out on the body and cephalic regions of the rediae of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Fasciolidae) in order to precisely identify the different redial generations of this trematode in Lymnaea truncatula under experimental infection. At day 49 post-exposure at 20°C, the length of the redia was significantly higher in the first group of the first generation (R1a) compared with successive generations, R1b, R2a and R2b/R3a. The width of the body was similar in the R1a, R1b, and R2a rediae, but was significantly lower in the R2b/R3a groups. The intrapharyngeal cavity of R1a rediae was significantly wider compared with the R1b, R2a, and R2b/R3a groups, whereas the pharyngeal wall was significantly thicker in the R2b/R3a rediae compared with the R1b and R2a groups. Four other measurements, namely the maximum length and width of the pharynx, diameter of the mouth, and width of intestine, also showed significant variations in relation to pharyngeal morphology and age of infection. Discriminant analysis based on these measurements demonstrated that 98% of the rediae were readily categorized into the four groups identified. The number of perioral sensillae ranged from 126 to 160 but a significant difference was only noted between the mean values of the first generation and those of the group R2b/R3a. From these parameters, the maximum width of the pharyngeal lumen was found to be the best characteristic in the identification of the redial generations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "R3B"

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Syndikus, Ina Josephine [Verfasser], Marina [Akademischer Betreuer] Petri, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Aumann. "Proton-Knockout Reactions from Neutron-Rich N Isotopes at R3B / Ina Josephine Syndikus ; Marina Petri, Thomas Aumann." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194547737/34.

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Syndikus, Ina [Verfasser], Marina [Akademischer Betreuer] Petri, and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Aumann. "Proton-Knockout Reactions from Neutron-Rich N Isotopes at R3B / Ina Josephine Syndikus ; Marina Petri, Thomas Aumann." Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194547737/34.

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Bissell, Michelle L. "The Barest Rib." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1257255944.

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Aroca, Rafael Vidal. "Plataforma Rob?tica de Baix?ssimo Custo para Rob?tica Educacional." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15206.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelVA_DISSERT.pdf: 2442741 bytes, checksum: 62c146063870bfdf2de2466bb844dedf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-17
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Robots are present each time more on several areas of our society, however they are still considered expensive equipments that are restricted to few people. This work con- sists on the development of control techniques and architectures that make possible the construction and programming of low cost robots with low programming and building complexity. One key aspect of the proposed architecture is the use of audio interfaces to control actuators and read sensors, thus allowing the usage of any device that can produce sounds as a control unit of a robot. The work also includes the development of web ba- sed programming environments that allow the usage of computers or mobile phones as control units of the robot, which can be remotely programmed and controlled. The work also includes possible applications of such low cost robotic platform, including mainly its educational usage, which was experimentally validated by teachers and students of seve- ral graduation courses. We also present an analysis of data obtained from interviews done with the students before and after the use of our platform, which confirms its acceptance as a teaching support tool
Os rob?s est?o cada vez mais presentes nas mais diversas atividades da sociedade, por?m ainda s?o considerados equipamentos caros e restritos para poucas pessoas. Neste trabalho, propomos uma arquitetura de controle e um conjunto de t?cnicas que possibi- litam a constru??o de rob?s de baix?ssimo custo, al?m de diminuir a complexidade na sua montagem e programa??o. Um aspecto chave da arquitetura proposta ? o uso de interfaces de ?udio para controlar atuadores e ler sensores, permitindo assim o uso de qualquer dispositivo que produza sons como unidade de controle de um rob?. Tamb?m desenvolvemos ferramentas de programa??o baseadas em ambientes web que permitem o uso de computadores ou telefones celulares como unidades de controle de um rob?, que pode ser programado e controlado remotamente. O trabalho tamb?m contempla poss?veis aplica??es de tal plataforma rob?tica de baix?ssimo custo, incluindo principalmente o seu uso educacional, que foi validado experimentalmente, por professores e alunos de v?rias disciplinas de gradua??o. Apresentamos uma an?lise de dados de entrevistas realizadas com os alunos, antes e ap?s o uso da plataforma, que confirmam a sua aceita??o como ferramenta de apoio ao ensino
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Kohlheim, Volker. "Rob Rentenaar: 23.9.1938 – 9.5.2016." Deutsche Gesellschaft für Namenforschung (GfN), 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A17189.

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Die Nachricht vom Tod des niederländischen Namenforschers Rob Rentenaar trifft den Kreis der Namenforscher völlig unerwartet. Gewiss werden alle, die Rob Rentenaar kannten, erwartet haben, ihn spätestestens auf dem nächsten ICOS-Kongress in gewohnter Munterkeit wiederzusehen. So ist die Betroffenheit sehr groß. Rob Rentenaar war praktisch sein gesamtes Berufsleben lang mit dem P.J. Meertens-Instituut van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen in Amsterdam verbunden, in das er 1961 als studentischer Assistent eintritt, zunächst mit volkskundlichen Arbeiten betraut. Doch schnell wird er in die Abteilung „Namenkunde und Siedlungsgeschichte“ übernommen, der er 39 Jahre lang treu bleibt und aus der heraus er durch sein Wirken und seine Publikationen seinen Ruf als gewissenhafter und anregender Namenforscher im In- und Ausland begründet und festigt. Internationale Anerkennung erfährt Rob Rentenaar durch seine toponymische Dissertation über „Nachbenennungsnamen“ (Robert Rentenaar: Vernoemingsnamen. En onderzoek na de rol van de vernoeming in de nederlandse toponymie, 1. Aufl. Amsterdam 1984; 2. Aufl. Amsterdam 1985) und durch seine Arbeiten über die Namen an Küsten (Die litorale Toponymie Nordwesteuropas, in: Niederdeutsches Jahrbuch 114, 1991, 89-107).
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Coufal, Miroslav. "Modulární RGB LED displej." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220135.

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The aim of this master’s thesis was the design RGB LED display with Ethernet interface. I created a display module, controlled by a microcontroller ATmega 2560-16AU. These modules can be connected via a serial RS485 standard. Ethernet connection is made via plug-in interface that uses the programmable module Rabbit RCM 3200. I documented a proposal. I tested designed device.
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Bah, Oury Amadou. "Database comparison, Oracle vs RDB." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845945.

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Database and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. The rising popularity of database systems for the management of data has resulted in an increasing number of systems. As the number grows, the difficulty in choosing the system which will best meet the requirements of a particular application also increases. Knowing how to choose the correct one for a given application is important.The purpose of this thesis is to compare two very commonly used Database Management Systems (ORACLE and RDB) at Ball State University by describing and listing the advantages of each of them as well as their weaknesses, giving a comprehensive study of their performances, user friendliness, limits, and to aid users and managers in obtaining a deeper knowledge of these two systems.
Department of Computer Science
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Alhaffar, Mohammed. "Database comparison : Oracle vs RDB." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834505.

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Databases and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is fair to say that databases are playing a critical role in almost all areas where computers are used, including business, engineering, medicine, law, education, and library science, to name a few.At Ball State University, databases are very widely used among faculty, staff, and students. The common commercial database management system (DBMS) used in the university is ORACLE. Due to the extensive use of the system and the availability and easy access to alternative systems such as RDB/VMS, a comparative research is in order.This thesis is a comprehensive comparison between the two systems. It covers the differences in design, SQL codings, and the use of host programming language such as FORTRAN. It concentrates on the differences in memory usage, execution time, as well as the CPU time needed to precompile, link, and run.
Department of Computer Science
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Bergner, Frank, Andreas Ulbricht, and Arne Wagner. "Langzeitspezifische Alterungseffekte in RDB-Stahl." Forschungszentrum Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:d120-qucosa-162216.

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Ziel des BMWi-Fördervorhabens 1501393 ist es, durch den Einsatz von Untersuchungsmethoden auf der nm-Skala einen Beitrag zur Aufklärung von Flusseffekten und von Late-Blooming-Effekten in bestrahlten RDB-Stählen zu leisten. Zur Untersuchung dieser Effekte wurde auf RDB-Stähle deutscher Reaktoren aus zwei bei der AREVA GmbH abgeschlossenen Vorhaben zurückgegriffen. Die Auswahl der Grundwerkstoffe und Schweißgüter erfolgte so, dass sich optimale Voraussetzungen für das Erreichen des Gesamtziels des Vorhabens ergeben. Die ausgewählten Untersuchungsmethoden umfassen mit der Neutronenkleinwinkelstreuung, der Atomsondentomographie und der Positronen-annihilationsspektroskopie solche Techniken, die die nm-skaligen bestrahlungsinduzierten Defekt-Fremdatom-Cluster bestmöglich und in komplementärer Weise zu detektieren und zu charakterisieren gestatten. Es wurde ein Flusseffekt auf die Größe der bestrahlungsinduzierten Fremdatomcluster, jedoch nicht auf den Volumenanteil und die mechanischen Eigenschaften gefunden. In einem Cu-armen RDB-Schweißgut wurde ein Late-Blooming-Effekt nachgewiesen, der sich in einem steilen Anstieg des Clustervolumenanteils und der Übergangstemperaturverschiebung nach einer Phase schwacher oder fehlender Zunahme niederschlägt. The BMWi project 1501393 aimed at contributing to the clarification of flux effects and late blooming effects in irradiated RPV steels by means of experimental techniques of sensitivity at the nm scale. The investigation of these effects was focussed on RPV steels, both base metal and weld of German reactors selected according to the objectives of the present project from two previous projects performed at AREVA GmbH. The complementary techniques of small-angle neutron scattering, atom probe tomography and positron annihilation spectroscopy were applied to detect and characterize the irradiation-induced nm-scale defect-solute clusters. A flux effect on the size of the irradiation-induced clusters but no flux effect on both cluster volume fraction and mechanical properties was found. For a low-Cu RPV weld, a late blooming effect was observed, which results in a steep slope of both cluster volume fraction and transition temperature shift after an initial stage of small or no change.
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Su, Wei. "The internationalization of Chinese RMB." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/18083.

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With the rise of China for the last 30 years, its currency RMB is gaining more presence in the international trading. The Chinese government has been sending positive signals for internationalizing its currency in the recent decade but it still remains a question how it would execute the process. This dissertation focuses on discussing how a government should internationalize its currency, if it is in its interest and what it implies for Chinese government. We first look into the current situation for RMB internationalization. Then we look into Frankel (2014)’s currency theory and three important factors for the currency internationalization: the size of economy, the depth and openness of a country’s financial market, and the confidence in the value of the currency. Then we collect data to exam this theory. We then analyze the positive effect and negative effect of currency internationalization and how China developed coordinate policies in different periods In this dissertation, Frankel (2014) `s theory was proved in a different approach. We selected different variables and period to redid the test. We concluded that the internationalization of its currency is important but not prioritized for China.
Com a ascensão da China nos últimos 30 anos, sua moeda RMB está ganhando mais presença no comércio internacional. O governo chinês tem vindo a enviar sinais positivos para a internacionalização da sua moeda na década recente, mas ainda permanece uma questão que como ele iria executar o processo. Esta dissertação centra-se em discutir como um governo deve internacionalizar sua moeda, se é no seu interesse e o que isso implica para o governo chinês. Primeiro olhamos para a situação atual da internacionalização de RMB. Em seguida, analisamos a teoria da moeda de Frankel (2014) e três fatores importantes para a internacionalização da moeda: o tamanho da economia, a profundidade e a abertura do mercado financeiro e a confiança no valor da moeda. Em seguida, coletamos dados para examinar esta teoria. Em seguida, analisamos o efeito positivo e o efeito negativo da internacionalização da moeda e como a China desenvolveu políticas coordenadas em diferentes períodos. Nesta dissertação, a teoria de Frankel (2014) foi provada em uma abordagem diferente. Selecionamos diferentes variáveis ​​e período para retificar o teste. Concluímos que a internacionalização de sua moeda é importante, mas não priorizada para a China.
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Books on the topic "R3B"

1

Lta baʼi gsal byed kyi yig chuṅ rab rib mun sel. Bhir: Rdzoṅ-sar slob grwa, 1996.

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Gordić, Slavko. RUB. Beograd: SRPSKA KNJIŽEVNA ZADRUGA, 2010.

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Lampe, Astrid. Rib. Amsterdam: Querido, 1997.

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Scholte, Rob. Rob Scholte. Kyoto: Kyoto Shoin, 1990.

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Walter, Scott. Rob Roy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.

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Robert, Kemp. Rob Roy. Studio City, Calif: Players Press, 2000.

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Walter, Scott. Rob Roy. New York: Barnes & Noble, 2007.

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Cishtī, K̲h̲ādim. Rab rākhā. Lāhaur: ʻUmair Pablisharz, 1996.

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Habjan, Vladimir. Čez rob. Ljubljana: Planinska zveza Slovenije, 2011.

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Walter, Scott. Rob Roy. New Brunswick, N.J: Transaction Publishers, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "R3B"

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Gooch, Jan W. "Rub." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 640. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10185.

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Chand, Rajat. "Rib Fractures." In Essential Radiology Review, 349–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26044-6_112.

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Westland, Stephen, and Vien Cheung. "RGB Systems." In Handbook of Visual Display Technology, 1–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35947-7_12-2.

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Gutkowska, Malgorzata. "Rab Geranylgeranyltransferase." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 4349–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101635.

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Szatmári, Zsuzsanna. "RAB Family." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 4343–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101912.

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"RGB." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 2944. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_200394.

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"Rab." In Encyclopedia of Cancer, 3133. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16483-5_4890.

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Herbert, Sir Henry. "R30." In The Control and Censorship of Caroline Drama: The Records of Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels 1623–73, edited by N. W. Bawcutt, 250–51. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00031304.

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Herbert, Sir Henry. "R31." In The Control and Censorship of Caroline Drama: The Records of Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels 1623–73, edited by N. W. Bawcutt, 252–53. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00031305.

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Herbert, Sir Henry. "R32." In The Control and Censorship of Caroline Drama: The Records of Sir Henry Herbert, Master of the Revels 1623–73, edited by N. W. Bawcutt. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oseo/instance.00031306.

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Conference papers on the topic "R3B"

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Jones, Lawrence, Stephen Bell, Quentin Morrissey, Mark Prydderch, Ivan Church, Ian Lazarus, Mos Kogimtzis, et al. "A readout ASIC for the R3B silicon tracker." In 2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2015.7581967.

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Ayyad, Y., J. Benlliure, E. Casarejos, I. Duran, N. Montes, C. Paradela, and J. R. Pereira. "Large-area RPC prototypes for R3B Time-of-Flight wall." In 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2011 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2011.6154476.

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Gascon, Martin, Hector Alvarez-Pol, Jose Benlliure, Enrique Casarejos, Dolores Cortina-Gil, and Ignacio Duran. "Characterization of large frustum CsI(Tl) crystals for the R3B calorimeter." In 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging conference (2008 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2008.4774719.

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Koch, K., J. Hoffmann, C. Ugur, and M. Heil. "A compact readout system for the R3B High-Resolution Neutron Time-of-Flight Spectrometer (NeuLAND)." In 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2014.7431179.

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CASAREJOS, Enrique, Pablo Izquierdo, Marcos Lopez-Lago, Abraham Segade, Jose Antonio Vilan, Yassid Ayyad, José Benlliure, I. Duran, C. Paradela, and Juan Ramon Pereira. "Technical design of the RPC-based ToF wall (iTOF) for the R3B experiment at FAIR." In XI Workshop on Resistive Plate Chambers and Related Detectors. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.159.0074.

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Patel, Devendra Kumar, and Shivraj Singh. "VLSI Architecture for Combined R2B, R4B and R8B FFT using SDF and Modified CSLA." In 2021 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccci50826.2021.9402443.

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Casarejos, E., Y. Ayyad, J. Benlliure, I. Duran, C. Paradela, M. Lopez-Lago, A. Segade, and J. A. Vilan. "Performance of timing RPC detectors for relativistic ions and design of a time-of-flight detector (iToF) for the R3B-FAIR experiment for fission and spallation reactions." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Advancements in Nuclear Instrumentation, Measurement Methods and their Applications (ANIMMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/animma.2011.6172841.

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Sobeck, J. S., R. Kraft, and C. Sneden. "Metallicity Discrepancy between RGB and RHB Stars of the Globular Cluster M15." In FIRST STARS III: First Stars II Conference. American Institute of Physics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2905537.

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Eldridge, Thom M., Andrew Olsen, and Michael Carney. "Morton-Newkirk Effect in Overhung Rotor Supported in Rolling Element Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-60243.

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Morton Effect is a known rotordynamic phenomenon associated with fluid film bearings, where viscous heating creates a uni-directional temperature rise in the bearing journal, leading to thermal growth and subsequent bow of the rotor. This results in an unbalance distribution that exacerbates the original unbalance, increasing the heating and bow, resulting in an unstable, or self-amplifying, response. Heretofore, this phenomenon has only been reported in fluid film bearings, as it is traditionally associated with the viscous heating from shearing of the oil. There is also similar behavior associated with phenomenon named the Newkirk Effect where the same mechanics of heating, thermal growth and bowing of a shaft occurs, but the source of heating is a labyrinth rub. This paper describes an incident where such a series of interactions was experienced with a rolling-element bearing (REB). Instead of being driven by viscous shearing of the oil through the minimum film clearance, the uni-directional heating of the rotor results from unbalance and the sliding or dynamic friction of the balls on the inner race or rub of a near-by seal. Rotordynamic analysis was used to derive a correlation between measured vibration levels and temperature rise resulting in predictable bowing of the shaft in a 45,000 RPM fixed speed 250 kW microturbine having an overhung rotor supported by two rolling element bearings. Vibration response was measured with proximity probes along the rotor and temperature predictions were verified against physical evidence in the bearing races. The information gained in this effort was used to establish assembly tolerance and vibration acceptance criteria for factory testing of the turbine. This behavior has internally been described as “REB Morton Effect.” The paper describes the vibration investigation; bearing evaluation; rotordynamic modeling, analysis and verification; design and assembly corrections, and subsequent testing.
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Yan, Xinan, Bernard Wong, and Sharon Choy. "R3S." In Middleware '16: 17th International Middleware Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3008167.3008171.

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Reports on the topic "R3B"

1

Medved, J. RIB Information Model. Edited by N. Bahadur and S. Kini. RFC Editor, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8430.

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Paton, Michael, and Jana Kosecka. Dynamic RGB-D Mapping. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada580504.

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Lengua, G. A. Integrals in the Toplosky Rib Formulation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329352.

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Smith, R. E., G. A. Vawter, G. R. Hadley, C. T. Sullivan, J. R. Wendt, B. Snipes, and J. F. Klem. Tapered-rib adiabatic-following fiber coupler. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/208338.

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Kosecka, Jana, and Xing Zhou. Detecting Simple Objects in RGB-D Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada606150.

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Searle, Matthew, Douglas Straub, and James Black. Conventional Rib Turbulators For SCO2 Turbine Internal Cooling - Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1798832.

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Wang, L., M. Chen, A. Dass, H. Ananthakrishnan, S. Kini, and N. Bahadur. A YANG Data Model for the Routing Information Base (RIB). RFC Editor, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc8431.

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none,. CALiPER Application Summary Report 16. LED BR30 and R30 Lamps. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219862.

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Ito, Takatoshi. A New Financial Order in Asia: Will a RMB bloc emerge? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22755.

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Simons, R. L. Shielding effectiveness of the modified cask loading station in FFTF/RSB. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10195000.

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