Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rabbit Production'

Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease. In order to investigate a possible immunologic mechanism whereby acetaldehyde might exert its toxic effect acetaldehyde protein conjuates were prepared and characterized. This study demonstrates that acetaldehyde conjugated albumin can be an immunogen, can form a more negatively charged, more acidic, heterogeneous conjugate than albumin and can elicitate a specific rabbit antibody. ELISA can be used to assay antibodies produced in response to acetaldehyde albumin conjugates suggesting that chronic alcohol ingestion can lead the generation of antibodies against acetaldehyde conjugated human serum albumin. The significance of this study is that it possibly can provide a method to investigate the mechanism responsible for the sequelae of alcoholism.

A previously identified rat cDNA (S1) that shares 78% nucleotide homology and a predicted 92% amino acid sequence homology with human EF-1$ alpha$ was used to express S1 in E. coli and to generate a polyclonal antibody to pS1. A recombinant plasmid pGEX-2T-S1 was constructed, containing the glutathione S-transferase gene. The expressed fusion protein was purified and digested with thrombin to produce a recombinant S1 protein (rpS1) containing slightly modified N-terminus. Purified rpS1 was used to raise a rabbit antiserum which recognized rpS1 on immunoblots. A polyclonal antiserum to EF-1$ alpha$ failed to react with rpS1. Similarly the anti-rpS1 does not recognize EF-1$ alpha$ on immunoblots. Anti-rpS1 therefore is able to distinguish pS1 from EF-1$ alpha$ despite their extensive amino acid sequence homology. Anti-rpS1 and anti-Ef-1$ alpha$ will be used to study the similarities and differences between pS1 and EF-1$ alpha$ in vivo and in vitro.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>Two experiments were conducted, the first to determine the chemical and digestible energy of dried brewers grain (DBG) and the second to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of this ingredient in the feeding of growing rabbits on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and economic viability. For the digestibility assay a total of 28 males rabbits were used, White New Zealand x California, with 50 days of age with an initial weight of 1.400Â0.100 kg, distributed on a completely randomized block design, with two treatments and fourteen replications, using the total of feces method. The treatments were: basal diet (BD) and ration test (RT) comprised 60% of basal diet and 40% dried brewers grain. The dried brewers grain showed 90.43% of dry matter, 37.94% of crude protein, 51.72% of neutral detergent fiber, 22.08% of acid detergent fiber, 8.06% of ether extract, 5.30% of mineral matters and 3371.24 kcal of digestible energy/kg. To test the performance, a total of eighty rabbits (40 males and 40 females), White New Zealand x California, in the period from 40 to 90 days of age, allocated in a completely randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, considering five levels of inclusion of the DBG (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%), and sex (male and female), with four replicates of two animals. No effects were observed on the performance, however, it was observed that the carcass weight decreased linearly, while the pÃncreas weight increased, due to the higher level of inclusion of the DBG. The weight of the liver of animals fed with DBG over 14% was lower than in animals that received feed without this ingredient. There was no effect of treatments on quality characteristics of meat rabbits. No effects were observed on relation meat/bone and qualitative meat characteristics. Considering the lower cost value of feed and better economic efficiency and cost indexes, the DBG may be included up to 28% in growing rabbits diets.<br>Foram realizados dois ensaios, sendo o primeiro para determinar a composiÃÃo quÃmica e a energia digestÃvel do resÃduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) e o segundo para avaliar o efeito da inclusÃo deste ingrediente na dieta de coelhos em crescimento sobre o desempenho, caracterÃsticas da carcaÃa, qualidade da carne e viabilidade econÃmica. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade foram utilizados 28 coelhos machos com 50 dias de idade e peso inicial de 1,400Â0,100 kg, distribuÃdos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e quatorze repetiÃÃes, utilizando mÃtodo de coleta total de fezes. Os tratamentos foram: raÃÃo referÃncia (RR) e raÃÃo teste (RT) composta por 60% da raÃÃo referÃncia e 40% de resÃduo desidratado de cervejaria. O resÃduo desidratado de cervejaria apresentou 90,43% de matÃria seca, 37,94% de proteÃna bruta, 51,72% de fibra em detergente neutro, 22,08% de fibra em detergente Ãcido, 8,06% de extrato etÃreo, 5,30% de matÃria mineral e 3371,24 kcal de energia digestÃvel/kg. Para o ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 80 coellhos (40 machos e 40 fÃmeas) oriundos do cruzamento das raÃas Nova ZelÃndia Branco x CalifÃrnia, no perÃodo de 40 a 90 dias de idade, distribuÃdos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x2, considerando cinco nÃveis de inclusÃo do RDC (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) e o sexo (macho e fÃmea), com quatro repetiÃÃes de dois animais. NÃo houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho dos coelhos, no entanto, observou-se que o peso de carcaÃa decresceu linearmente enquanto o peso do pÃncreas aumentou, em funÃÃo do maior nÃvel de inclusÃo do RDC. O peso do fÃgado dos animais alimentados com raÃÃes contendo RDC acima de 14% foi menor em relaÃÃo aos animais que receberam raÃÃo sem este ingrediente. NÃo houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a relaÃÃo carne/osso e caracterÃsticas qualitativas da carne avaliadas. Em funÃÃo do menor valor de custo com alimentaÃÃo bem como dos melhores Ãndices de eficiÃncia econÃmica e de custo, o RDC pode ser incluÃdo em atà 28% em raÃÃes para coelhos em crescimento.

Quand ils phagocytent des micro-organismes, les neutrophiles actives produisent des quantites importantes d'ions superoxyde, grace a un complexe enzymatique appele nadph oxydase. Le transfert d'un electron, depuis le nadph, jusqu'a l'oxygene moleculaire serait assure par un cytochrome b, le cytochrome b#5#5#8, qui serait un flavocytochrome. Dans le but d'etudier les differents transporteurs d'electrons (heme, fad) qui contribuent a l'activite de production d'ions superoxyde, le cytochrome b#5#5#8 des granulocytes neutrophiles de lapin a ete purifie. Teste en systeme acellulaire, en presence de cytosol, le cytochrome b#5#5#8 purifie par ce protocole est le seul compose membranaire necessaire a la reconstitution d'une activite de production d'ions superoxyde. Des ions superoxyde etant obtenus sans qu'il soit necessaire d'ajouter de la flavine, la presence de flavine endogene sur le cytochrome a ete envisagee. Pourtant, le dosage de fad effectue dans les differentes fractions chromatographiques de la derniere etape de purification du cytochrome b#5#5#8, fait ressortir un pic d'elution du fad decale par rapport au pic d'elution de l'heme. Ces resultats conduisent donc a s'interroger sur le concept de flavocytochrome et sur la validite du systeme acellulaire, pour tester l'activite de production d'ions superoxyde. Au cours de la purification du cytochrome b#5#5#8, une autre hemoproteine (p-30) a ete mise en evidence, purifiee et partiellement caracterisee. Cette hemoproteine presente le meme spectre d'absorption que le cytochrome b#5#5#8. Pourtant, plusieurs de ses caracteristiques, comme le potentiel d'oxydoreduction et la sequence proteique partielle, ont permis de montrer qu'il s'agit d'un nouveau cytochrome b, n'ayant aucune identite de sequence avec le cytochrome b#5#5#8 des phagocytes ou d'autres cytochromes connus. La fonction physiologique de cette hemoproteine dans les neutrophiles n'est pas encore connue. Elle possede pourtant une localisation subcellulaire voisine de celle du cytochrome b#5#5#8, c'est-a-dire a la fois dans la membrane plasmique et dans la fraction granulaire. Apres activation de la cellule, une partie du cytochrome p-30 est transferee dans la membrane plasmique

Exploring the genetics of the efficiency of fertile AI dose production in rabbits The general aim of this thesis has been to analyse sources of variation for some of the most important components of fertile artificial insemination (AI) dose production in order to explore the interest and limitations of different strategies for their genetic improvement in a paternal line of rabbits selected for growth rate. These components refer to seminal production and quality traits, being considered the male reproductive performance (fertility and prolificacy) as the final expression of the effect of the seminal characteristics and the effect of the interaction among them and with the female. Genetic analyses of the seminal traits involved in AI dose production and growth rate were modelled using threshold and linear multiple-trait mixed models. Relationship between fertility and pH of the semen was analysed either using mixed or recursive mixed models. Male and female genetic contributions to fertility were estimated using additive or product threshold models and both models were compared by its ability of predicting fertility data. Existence of genotype x artificial insemination conditions for male effect on fertility and prolificacy was estimated under a Character state model. Finally, the product threshold model was used for estimating separately the effect of the environmental temperature on male and on female contributions to fertility. All inferences of this thesis have been done under a Bayesian approach. Male libido and variables related to the quality of the ejaculate such as presence of urine and calcium carbonates in the ejaculate, individual sperm motility, semen pH and suitability for AI of the ejaculate (which involves the subjective combination of several semen quality traits) were found to be lowly heritable, but repeatable.<br>Tusell Palomero, L. (2011). Exploring the genetics of the efficiency of fertile AI dose production in rabbits [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/11842<br>Palancia

This study was carried out in the Azafranal community of the Desaguadero municipality, which is in the Ingavi Province of the Department of La Paz. It was conducted at an altitude of 3350 meters above sea level at 16°20’00” south latitude and 69°00’00” west longitude. The study went from December 20, 2003 to June 20, 2004. Our objective was to evaluate hair production in angora rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed with three different rations of reed. The experimental trial was done at the Angorita farm over a 135 day period that was divided into three smaller periods of 45 days. The experiment was done via a completely randomized block design. The means from each treatment (A, B, C, and D) were analyzed by a Duncan test with a level of 95% confidence. The population consisted of 16 male and 16 female English angora rabbits between 90 and 98 days of age. These were divided into four groups of eight individuals. Each group was then subjected to one of four treatments: 1) ration A with 40% reed content, 2) ration B with 30% reed content, 3) ration C with 20% reed content, and 4) ration D as a control with 0% reed content. The variables measured and studied were: hair weight (g), hair diameter (µ), hair length (cm), and length of a lock of hair (cm). The results reflect a positive effect on hair diameter with rations C and A, which had average diameters of 9.48 µ and 9.64 µ respectively. Furthermore, with respect to hair length, ration A had an average of 4.87 cm and ration C had an average of 4.68 cm. Lastly, with respect to length of a lock of hair, ration A had an average of 4.74 cm and ration B had an average of 4.52 cm (P<0.05). Hair weight did not turn out to be significant, coming in with an average of 61.03 g (P>0.05).

LIMA, Paula Joyce Delmiro de Oliveira. Resíduo desidratado de cervejaria na ração de coelhos em crescimento. 2016. xiii, 54 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zootecnia. Fortaleza-CE, 2016.<br>Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-08-03T12:56:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_pjdolima.pdf: 727437 bytes, checksum: 9c852f24ef3b22d2bbb825de8681e260 (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-08-03T13:16:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_pjdolima.pdf: 727437 bytes, checksum: 9c852f24ef3b22d2bbb825de8681e260 (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T13:16:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_pjdolima.pdf: 727437 bytes, checksum: 9c852f24ef3b22d2bbb825de8681e260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016<br>Two experiments were conducted, the first to determine the chemical and digestible energy of dried brewers grain (DBG) and the second to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of this ingredient in the feeding of growing rabbits on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and economic viability. For the digestibility assay a total of 28 males rabbits were used, White New Zealand x California, with 50 days of age with an initial weight of 1.400±0.100 kg, distributed on a completely randomized block design, with two treatments and fourteen replications, using the total of feces method. The treatments were: basal diet (BD) and ration test (RT) comprised 60% of basal diet and 40% dried brewers grain. The dried brewers grain showed 90.43% of dry matter, 37.94% of crude protein, 51.72% of neutral detergent fiber, 22.08% of acid detergent fiber, 8.06% of ether extract, 5.30% of mineral matters and 3371.24 kcal of digestible energy/kg. To test the performance, a total of eighty rabbits (40 males and 40 females), White New Zealand x California, in the period from 40 to 90 days of age, allocated in a completely randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial arrangement, considering five levels of inclusion of the DBG (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%), and sex (male and female), with four replicates of two animals. No effects were observed on the performance, however, it was observed that the carcass weight decreased linearly, while the pâncreas weight increased, due to the higher level of inclusion of the DBG. The weight of the liver of animals fed with DBG over 14% was lower than in animals that received feed without this ingredient. There was no effect of treatments on quality characteristics of meat rabbits. No effects were observed on relation meat/bone and qualitative meat characteristics. Considering the lower cost value of feed and better economic efficiency and cost indexes, the DBG may be included up to 28% in growing rabbits diets.<br>Foram realizados dois ensaios, sendo o primeiro para determinar a composição química e a energia digestível do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) e o segundo para avaliar o efeito da inclusão deste ingrediente na dieta de coelhos em crescimento sobre o desempenho, características da carcaça, qualidade da carne e viabilidade econômica. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade foram utilizados 28 coelhos machos com 50 dias de idade e peso inicial de 1,400±0,100 kg, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com dois tratamentos e quatorze repetições, utilizando método de coleta total de fezes. Os tratamentos foram: ração referência (RR) e ração teste (RT) composta por 60% da ração referência e 40% de resíduo desidratado de cervejaria. O resíduo desidratado de cervejaria apresentou 90,43% de matéria seca, 37,94% de proteína bruta, 51,72% de fibra em detergente neutro, 22,08% de fibra em detergente ácido, 8,06% de extrato etéreo, 5,30% de matéria mineral e 3371,24 kcal de energia digestível/kg. Para o ensaio de desempenho foram utilizados 80 coellhos (40 machos e 40 fêmeas) oriundos do cruzamento das raças Nova Zelândia Branco x Califórnia, no período de 40 a 90 dias de idade, distribuídos no delineamento em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x2, considerando cinco níveis de inclusão do RDC (0, 7, 14, 21 e 28%) e o sexo (macho e fêmea), com quatro repetições de dois animais. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho dos coelhos, no entanto, observou-se que o peso de carcaça decresceu linearmente enquanto o peso do pâncreas aumentou, em função do maior nível de inclusão do RDC. O peso do fígado dos animais alimentados com rações contendo RDC acima de 14% foi menor em relação aos animais que receberam ração sem este ingrediente. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre a relação carne/osso e características qualitativas da carne avaliadas. Em função do menor valor de custo com alimentação bem como dos melhores índices de eficiência econômica e de custo, o RDC pode ser incluído em até 28% em rações para coelhos em crescimento.

This study was done by administering household surveys to 50% of the families in the three communities. Families were selected through stratified random sampling. This allowed us to determine how much families are exploiting species that have a significant level of production as well as whether they use them for a commercial activity or subsistence. With regard to cows, 60.40 ± 4.72% of families use them. Each family has an average of 1.68 ± 0.21 cows. Productive cows make up 36.9% of the above percentage, which is a majority. The measured rate of production was 6.48 ± 0.25 L/cow/day. Overall, 40.16 ± 3.17% of production was used for household consumption while the rest was sold. These parameters as well as the sale of live animals helped San Nicolas have an annual income of 735 US dollars, which shows that this community relies more on commercial activity. On the other hand, San Clemente and San Francisco had annual incomes of 367 and 279 US dollars respectively. This shows that these communities focus more on familial subsistence. Of the major species, sheep are the least exploited with 54.80 ± 8.74% of families using them. The first lambing occurs at 17.79 ± 0.48 months. Newborns are weaned at 5.57 ± 0.11 months by only 27.27 ± 4.47% of families. Of the weaned newborns, 60.69 ± 5.13% are kept and the rest are sold. Every 10.46 ± 0.47 months, 77.96% of the wool produced is sold. Generally, the sheep are sol d at 22.84 ± 1.75 months of age. This generates an average annual income of 40.85 ± 19.26 US dollars, which indicates that this activity is focused on familial subsistence. Swine production is the most common form of animal production. Pigs are exploited by 81.86 ± 7.17% of families with each family having an average of 2.11 ± 0.16 animals. A sow’s first delivery occurs at 16.48 ± 0.48 months and their productive life comes after reproducing 1.98 ± 0.15 times. Each litter has 5.72 ± 0.19 offspring with a post-weaning mortality rate of 28.99 ± 4.82%. Offspring are weaned at 2.90 ± 0.12 months. Overall, 65.13% of the weaned offspring are kept and the rest are sold. Annual revenue from pig production is 63.2 ± 22.46 US dollars which indicates it is used for familial subsistence, acting as a safeguard against economic emergencies at times. Of the minor species, the guinea pig is the most exploited. It is used by 86.11 ± 3.65% of families with each family having an average of 12.04 ± 1.31 guinea pigs. The mothers have an average of 2.44 ± 0.06 offspring per litter with a weaning rate of 75.81 ± 4.33%. Overall, 86.91% of production is used for family consumption and the rest is sold. The annual income generated by this activity is 6.24 ± 0.51 US dollars which indicates that this is an activity dedicated to providing food for the family. Rabbits are used by 49.42 ± 5.23% of families, each having an average of 4.03 ± 0.64 animals. There is an average of 6.57 ± 0.29 newborns per litter with a weaning rate of 41.16 ± 5.20%. Overall, 80.18 ± 4.16% of production is used for family consumption. This activity is similar to guinea pig production seeing as the annual income it generates is only 12.80 ± 1.10 US dollars. Chickens are exploited by 77.33 ± 4.39% of families with each family having an average of 5.88 ± 0.60 animals. Broiler chickens make up 48.22% of the poultry population with the rest being made up of native and field hens. Overall, 68.96% of broiler chickens are used for family consumption while 89.31 ± 3.27% of hens are used for family consumption. The annual income from this activity is 40.13 ± 19.24 US dollars. This makes it appear to have a slight tendency toward commercial use. We conclude that the three communities have different levels of animal exploitation. San Nicolas was the most successful of the three, partially using their livestock production for commercial purposes. San Clemente used part of theirs for commercial purposes as well, but on a lower scale. San Francisco, on the other hand, focuses their livestock production solely on familial subsistence. We recommend that a study be conducted regarding all points involved in the feasibility of production projects in these communities, especially in regard to the organization in each community. This will help improve production levels and make way for a change from a subsistence based economy to a more commercially based economy, ultimately improving the social and nutritional levels of these families.

The objective of the present thesis was to study the effect of the selection for growth rate on the carcass and meat quality of line R, which is a line of rabbits selected for growth rate between the 4th and 9th week of age. This line is usually used in breeding schemes, where males from line R are mated with crossbreed females from two lines selected for litter size. When the line R was in the 7th generation of selection some embryos were recovered and vitrified. The selection of the line continued and the embryos were devitrified after some generations. The offspring of the rabbits obtained from the embryos formed the control group (Group C). This group was contemporary compared with the selected group (Group S), formed with rabbits from the present generation of selection. With groups S and C, two experiments were developed. The first experiment consisted in the study of the effect of selection for growth rate on the relative growth of offal, organs, tissues, carcass linear measurements and weight of several parts of the carcass. Group C was contemporary compared with Group S, formed with animals from the 18th generation of selection. A total of 313 animals from both groups and sexes were slaughtered at 4, 9, 13, 20, and 40 weeks old. Organs, tissues and retail cuts were weighed and several carcass linear measurements were recorded. Huxley's allometric equations relating the traits to liveweight by a parameter related to the scale (b) and an allometric coefficient (k) were fitted. Butterfield's quadratic equations relating the degree of maturity of the traits and the degree of maturity of the liveweight by an allometric coefficient (q) were also fitted. Values obtained for k and q coefficients led to similar patterns of growth in most of the traits studied. Full gastrointestinal tract and organs such as liver, kidneys, and thoracic viscera were early maturing (k<1 or q>1) whereas the chilled and reference carcass where late maturing (k>1 or q<1). The re<br>Pascual Amorós, MDLD. (2007). Effect of selection for growth rate on carcass composition and meat quality in rabbits [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/1938<br>Palancia

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Marcelle Torres Simonato.pdf: 840405 bytes, checksum: 8ca7f2b9483afa5ad4a9240533c4fbee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-28<br>It was objectified with this experiment to evaluate the period of pre-slaughter fasting on the loss of weight, the income and the quality of the carcass of the New Zealand breed rabbits. Forty rabbits of both sexes were used. All the animals had been weighed before and after fasting, except the control group (without fasting). The treatments had been: Tzero (without fasting), T6 (six hours of fasting), T12 (12 hours of fasting), T18 (18 hours of fasting) and T24 (24 hours of fasting). The results of this experiment had been that the loss of alive weight of the rabbits increased as passing of the time of fasting. The loss of weight of the carcass for the cold was significant in the treatment with 18 hours of fasting and in the animals without fasting. The animals submitted to fast had presented income of hot and cold carcass superiors to the animals without fasting. In relation to the weight of organ, as it increased the time of fasting to feed minor was the weight of organ, being this data the opposite to the weight of the biliary vesicle, that increased with passing of the time of fasting. The pH of the meat was not modified by the different times of fasting. For the loss of weight for the baking the treatment of 12 hours of fasting to feed was what it presented difference statistics, when comparative to the too much treatments with fasting. The shear force did not present difference for the treatments with fasting. Therefore, it was concluded that in function of the lesser loss of weight and the quality of carcass, the period of pre-slaughter fasting of the New Zealand breed rabbits, can be carried through in up to 12 hours.<br>Estudou-se a influ?ncia do per?odo de jejum pr?-abate sobre a perda de peso, o rendimento e a qualidade da carca?a de coelhos da ra?a Nova Zel?ndia branca. Foram utilizados 40 coelhos de ambos os sexos. Todos os animais foram pesados antes do jejum e ap?s o jejum, exceto o grupo controle (sem jejum). Os tratamentos foram: Tzero (sem jejum), T6 (jejum de seis horas), T12 (jejum de 12 horas), T18 (jejum de 18 horas) e T24 (jejum de 24 horas). Os resultados deste experimento foram que a perda de peso vivo dos coelhos aumentou conforme o passar do tempo de jejum. A perda de peso da carca?a pelo frio foi significativa no tratamento com jejum de 18 horas e nos animais sem jejum. Os animais submetidos ao jejum apresentaram rendimento de carca?a quente e fria superiores aos animais sem jejum. Em rela??o ao peso das v?sceras, conforme aumentava o tempo da restri??o alimentar menor era o peso das v?sceras, sendo este dado o oposto ao peso da ves?cula biliar, que aumentava com o passar do tempo de jejum. O pH da carne n?o foi alterado pelos diferentes tempos de jejum. Para a perda de peso pelo cozimento o tratamento de 12 horas de jejum alimentar foi o que apresentou menor perda de peso, quando comparado aos demais tratamentos com jejum alimentar. A for?a de cisalhamento n?o apresentou diferen?a para os tratamentos com jejum alimentar. Portanto em fun??o da menor perda de peso e da qualidade da carca?a, o jejum pr?-abate em coelhos da ra?a Nova Zel?ndia branca, pode ser realizado em at? 12 horas.

La thèse se propose de réexaminer le concept de concurrence dans une sélection de textes classiques de la tradition économique française du 18ème siècle et du 19ème siècle.L’examen des textes fondateurs de Boisguilbert et de Cantillon, montre que le concept de concurrence recouvre deux contenus différents.- D’une part, la concurrence qui s’exerce sur un site de marché, du côté long du marché, et qui prend la forme d’un comportement conflictuel de rabais ou d’enchères monétaires.- D’autre part, la concurrence qui s’exerce ensuite à partir des signaux prix constitués sur le site de marché, et qui prend la forme de décisions quantitatives, de réallocations des marchandises, des capitaux et des hommes. Cette deuxième signification va peu à peu supplanter la première jusqu’à faire disparaître le concept même de rencontre de marché, notamment dans l’œuvre de Turgot (avec le marché général). Cette même tendance apparaît dans l’analyse mathématique d’Isnard, alors même que Canard propose une approche mathématique de la rencontre conflictuelle de marché.Au début du 19ème siècle, influencé par Smith modifiant la définition de la demande, Say confirme la disparition, tandis que Sismondi ne parvient pas à dissocier les processus concurrentiels.Par la suite, les auteurs de l’école française, au premier rang desquels Garnier et Molinari vont alors parachever le processus d’occultation des processus concurrentiels du premier type, malgré la tentative iconoclaste de Walras qui tente, sans succès selon nous, d’en rendre compte avec le tâtonnement. Au final, la recherche montre que l’absence de prise de conscience de la dualité du concept de concurrence, a rendu invisible le changement de direction de l’analyse de la rencontre de marché, vers 1760. Une reconnaissance de cette dualité pourrait donc réorienter efficacement les recherches contemporaines<br>The thesis offers to re-examine the concept of competition in a selection of traditional texts of the French economic tradition of the 18th and 19th century.The examination of the founding texts of Boisguilbert and Cantillon, shows that the concept of competition covers two different contents.- On the one hand, the competition which is exerted on the site of a marketplace, on the long side of the marketplace, and which takes the form of conflictual behavior of outbidding or underbidding price.- On the other hand, the competition which is exerted from indications of price signal on the site of marketplace, and which takes the form of quantitative decisions, of réallocations of the goods, capital and men. This second significance gradually will supplant the first, until it made disappear the concept itself of encounter of market, in particular in the work of Turgot (with the general market). This same tendency appears in the mathematical analysis of Isnard, while at the same time Canard introduces a mathematical approach of the conflictual encounter of market.At the beginning of the 19th century, influenced by Smith amending the definition of the demand, Say confirms this disappearance, while Sismondi does not manage to dissociate the competitive processes. Thereafter, the authors of the French school, first and foremost Garnier and Molinari are then going to complete the blanking process of the competitive behaviour of the first type, in spite of the iconoclastic attempt of Walras which tries, unsuccessfully according to us, to give an account of it, with the concept of tâtonnement (groping).Finally, research shows that the absence of awareness of the duality of the concept of competition, made invisible the change of direction in the analysis of the encounter of market, in about 1760. A recognition of this duality could thus successfully reorientate contemporary research

This investigation explored the use of microcosms as a tool for studying the dynamics of tropical aquaculture ponds. The potential use of rabbit excreta as a pond fertilizer in integrated farming systems was also investigated. Twelve insulated fiber glass tanks were utilized as microcosms to simulate earthen ponds. Seven hand-sexed Nile Tilapia O. niloticus) were stocked per tank, and microcosm performance was observed for a 90- day experimental period. Three rabbit excreta loading rates corresponding to 50 and 75 kg/10,000 m³ /day, and a continuously adjusted manure loading rate were assessed. The fertilizer treatments were compared to a control treatment where fish were fed on a prepared food. Water quality variables and fish performance were regularly monitored. Nitrogen and phosphorous content of rabbit excreta were measured. The dynamics of the microcosms were similar to warm water earthen ponds with respect to physical and chemical characteristics. Statistical differences were detected between control and fertilized treatments in relation to dissolved oxygen levels, net primary productivity, total alkalinity, total ammonia and orthophosphate levels. Primary productivity was influenced more by light intensity and penetration than by nutrient limitation. Rabbit excreta overloading was observed in the 75 kg treatment. Fish growth was greatest in the control treatment, but it was not statistically different from the continuously adjusted fertilizer treatment (Pondclass) (0.0065 and 0.0056, respectively). Low daily fish gains were observed in the 50 and 75 kg treatments. Low dissolved oxygen and high total ammonia were concentrations resulted in low weight gains and condition indices of fish in the 50 and 75 kg treatments. Extrapolated fish yields corresponded to 6,205, 4,563, 3,686, 4,869 kg/ha/year for control, 50 kg, 75 kg and Pondclass treatments, respectively. The observed yields are comparable with field experiences in real ponds. The continuously adjusted treatment showed the lowest manure conversion ratio (3.85) in the fertilized treatments. The nitrogen content of rabbit excreta varied according to rabbit size, presence or absence of urine plus water waste, and food droppings. Urine plus water waste provided 28 % of the total nitrogen content in rabbit excreta, whereas food droppings provided 12 %. Rabbit urine may play an important role in aquacultural systems because it contains a large fraction of nitrogen in inorganic forms which are readily utilized for algal growth. Other rabbit excreta characteristics such as buoyancy may be advantageous in aquacultural systems. Rabbit excreta is a potentially rich source of fertilizer for use in fish ponds.<br>Graduation date: 1992

Population escalation in the developing world has been associated with increased poverty, food insecurity and environmental degradation. The situation in Rwanda, with 2.82% annual population increase is no exception. The objective of the present study was to investigate an innovative integrated system of sustainable production suitable for resource-poor rural farmers, the Integrated Rabbit–Fish–Rice (IRFR) system. The study was targeted towards contributing to Rwanda government’s goals of eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, enhancing food security as well as abating environmental degradation. Three experiments, were carried out between 2008 and 2010, and designed to fertilise pond water with rabbit droppings and boost phytoplankton production. We also used results from our previous study, conducted in 2005 in the same ponds and under similar experimental conditions, especially rabbit and fish species and age, fishpond dimensions, as well as the fertilisation mode. The fishpond effluent was re-used to irrigate rice fields rather than being discharged into the environment. This study advocated the potential adaptation of rabbits to wetland conditions and the role of rabbit droppings as organic fertilisers in providing a better environment for fish production. On-farm resources, including rabbit droppings, were the main source of nutrients in the system. The analysis of nutrient flow revealed that 27% N and 79% P of the total nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizing input in fishponds were supplied by rabbit droppings only. Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were able to recover 18.5–37.6% N and 16.9–34.3% P of the total nitrogen and phosphorus inputs, the rest being accumulated in the pond water and the sediment, making them useful for soil fertilisation. The re-use of nutrient-rich effluent in rice irrigation increased rice production, allowing a successful complete substitution of inorganic fertilisers. The irrigation also reduced environmental pollution as the water seeping through rice field was 31.8 and 83.3% less concentrated in total phosphorus and nitrite pollutants, respectively, than was the pond water. Economically, the IRFR generated up to 597% net return over that of the rice inorganically fertilised, thereby substantiating the sustainability of the system. Overall, it is concluded that the IRFR system works well, is readily applicable, and capable of high, diversified, and sustainable production on limited land. As such, the study demonstrates the potentialities of the IRFR system to contribute successfully to poverty reduction, and the enhancement of food security in rural areas. The system promises economic returns and is environmental friendly. The research recommends the optimal range of rabbit density, that is, 800–1200 rabbits per hectare of pond, and the best fish stocking density, that is, 3 fish.mˉ², for a sustainable IRFR culture system.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

碩士<br>台北醫學院<br>醫學研究所<br>86<br>Previous study showed that a potential regenerative material, reconstituted co llagen template, enabled the disc to regenerate in the rabbit temporomandibula r joint after partial discectomy. The subsequent evaluation of macromolecular mechanisms of collagen changes in the TMJ disc by immunohistochemical method was further investigated. Six commercial collagen antibodies were tested to d etermine whether there a cross-reaction between these antibodies and rabbit ty pe I or type II collagens is. The results showed no antigen-antibody reaction among those collagen antibodies and the rabbit type I and type II collagen. An attempt to establish an animal model-porcine to produce antibodies against the rabbit type I and type II collagens was required.Type I and type II collag ens were extracted and purified from rabbit tendons and ribs respectively acco rding to H. L. Lin's method. The type II collagen was further purified to rem ove the type I collagen by immunoadsorption method. After emulsified with adj uvant, injected at multiple sites into the back skin of 60-70 Kg Lan-Yu minipo rcines. Bleeds were performed after enough title of antisera tested by ELISA. IgG was isolated by 40% saturated (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and liquid chromat ography on DEAE-Sephadex (Bio-Rad Econo system). Gradient SDS-PAGE showed one major band of 60 KDa (heavy chain) and one minor band of 23 KDa (light chain) . Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that the porcine anti-rabbit type collagen I antibody recognized the (1(I) chain whereas porcine anti-rabbit ty pe II collagen antibody recognized the (1(II) chain. The results demonstrated that the polyclonal porcine anti-rabbit type I and type II collagen antibodie s were specific against the rabbit type I and type II collagen respectively.Th is porcine model for producing polyclonal antibody against the rabbit collagen may be used as a tool to characterize the structural and pathological propert ies of collagens.In this proposed study, collagen alternation in the joint hea ling after collagen template implantation is evaluated by using the immunohist ochemical method. The expecting results will yield the information to underst and the mechanism of joint diseases.Keywords: temporomandibular joint, collage n, polyclonal antibody