Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Rabies Rabies in animals'
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Coetzee, Peter. "Molecular epidemiology of rabies in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02272007-122311.
Full textRamey, Paul Christopher. "Population density and prevalence of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in a northern Ohio raccoon population." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1173122630.
Full textIdachaba, Stella Ejura. "Status of canine vaccination and the prevalence of rabies in humans and dogs in Plateau State, Nigeria 1998-2007." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2010. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02252010-104653/.
Full textO'Quin, Jeanette M. "Prophylactic Animal Rabies Vaccination Requirements in Ohio and Involvement of Local Health Departments in Low Cost Rabies Vaccination Clinics." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1322617160.
Full textWeyer, Jacqueline. "Immune responses against recombinant poxvirus vaccines that express full-length lyssavirus glycoprotein genes." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28113.
Full textThesis (PhD (MIcrobiology))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
unrestricted
Jacevičienė, Ingrida. "Epidemiology, diagnostics and immunoprophylaxis of rabies in wild and domestic animals in Lithuania." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121211_095603-81838.
Full textPasiutligė – viena iš seniausių ir pavojingiausių žmonių ir gyvūnų ligų. Šia liga užsikrečiama kai pasiutlige sergantis gyvūnas įkanda žmogui ar kitam gyvūnui, ar apseilėja sužalotą odą. Žmonės dažniausiai užsikrečia nuo valkataujančių naminių gyvūnų, todėl išlieka visiems reali užsikrėtimo pasiutligės virusu grėsmė. Vienintelis ir efektyviausias apsisaugojimo būdas nuo pasiutligės yra imunoprofilaktika. Šiame darbe ištirtas pasiutligės viruso paplitimas 2003-2011 metų laikotarpiu ir nustatyta laukinių ir naminių gyvūnų pasiutligės epidemiologinė situacija Lietuvoje. Atliekant 2007–2011 metų pasiutligės geografinio paplitimo analizę buvo nustatyta, kad nagrinėjamu laikotarpiu didžiausias tiek laukinių, tiek naminių gyvūnų infekuotumas buvo nustatytas Lietuvos Rytinėje ir Pietrytinėje dalyje. Naudoti pasiutligės diagnostikos metodai pasižymi speciškumu ir jautrumu. Įrodyta, kad kartu taikant tiesioginį fluorescuojančių antikūnų ir audinių kultūrų infekavimo pasiutligės virusu metodus, galima užtikrinti greitą ir efektyvų pasiutligės viruso nustatymą laukinių ir naminių gyvūnų tiriamuosiuose galvos smegenų mėginiuose, tuo užtikrinant diagnozės patvirtinimą dėl užsikrėtimo pasiutligės virusu. Laukinių gyvūnų oralinės vakcinacijos nuo pasiutligės (ORV) periodu 2007-2011 metais atlikta naminių ir laukinių gyvūnų pasiutligės viruso izoliatų filogenetinė analizė N geno srityje atvirkštinės transkripcijos polimerazės grandininės reakcijos (AT-PGR) metodu. Pirmą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Adiku, Theophilus K. "Baculovirus occlusion bodies as carriers of foreign antigens for delivery to the immune system of animals." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319653.
Full textTorrence, Mary Elizabeth. "A log-linear model for predicting risk factors for rabies positivity in raccoons in Virginia, 1984-1987." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07282008-135746/.
Full textHolzgrefe, William Andrew. "Rabies in Virginia, 1989-2003: With particular attention to animals, geographic distribution, and virus variant." VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1225.
Full textRoberts, Danielle Renee. "In vitro and in vivo genetic stability of the rabies ERA glycoprotein expression cassette of AdRG13, a recombinant adenovirus vaccine against rabies." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27023.
Full textSmith, Mylissia Rachelle. "Rabies, a global threat: taking science a step forward." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17400.
Full textDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology
M. M. Chengappa
Rabies is the most deadly disease on earth and has a 99.9% human fatality rate. Rabies kills 61,000 humans annually and results in an economic burden of $124 billion USD annually. Each day 3.3 million people live with the risk of rabies. It is estimated that 95% of human rabies cases are a result of coming in contact with an infected canine, majority of these cases being children 15 years and younger. It is estimated that 1 person every 8 minutes dies of rabies. Rabies is a highly neurotropic disease which attacks the brain and central nervous system. Once clinical symptoms are presented, death is invariably the outcome as no cure exists for rabies. Rabies is 100% preventable in humans by proper wound management and proper administration of prophylaxis. Rabies can be adequately controlled in animal populations by contraception and animal rabies vaccine efforts. Whilst it is known that rabies can be prevented in humans and controlled in animal populations, further scientific efforts are still warranted to fully understand this deadly virus so that a cure can one day be discovered. As human and animal populations continue to grow, so does the cost and burden of this horrific disease. As a result, the importance of prophylaxis and passive immunity are critical in the event of medically managing an exposure, and preventing exposures. The World Health Organization has defined global recommendations for individuals and animals who have received prophylaxis to be adequately protected. Measuring this protection is performed using a variety of approved testing methodologies, virus-neutralizing assays and antigen-binding assays. Whilst the WHO recommendations were defined from clinical studies performed with virus-neutralizing assays, the assumption that these recommendations are suitable for the antigen-binding assays is inaccurate. The testing methodologies, virus-neutralization and antigen-binding, share similarities, as they are measuring an immune response to the rabies virus. However; enough differing characteristics are presented such that exact comparisons cannot be made. Establishing the same standards and recommendations for both testing methodologies will never be sufficient.
Hicks, Daniel Jake. "Characterisation of the host immune response to European bat Lyssavirus infection." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559029.
Full textAraujo, Danielle Bastos. "Avaliação da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para a detecção do vírus rábico em amostras animais armazenadas por diferentes períodos e submetidas à decomposição /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98316.
Full textBanca: Hélio Langoni
Banca: Marcos Bryan Heinemann
Resumo: A utilização de métodos sensíveis e específicos para o diagnóstico da raiva constitui uma importante ferramenta para o controle e profilaxia dessa enfermidade. A Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase através de Transcriptase-Reversa (RT-PCR) tem sido utilizada com bons resultados no diagnóstico do vírus rábico, mesmo quando as amostras estão em estágio de decomposição. Adicionalmente as técnicas moleculares têm sido utilizadas para estudos epidemiológicos possibilitando um melhor conhecimento da epidemiologia viral. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de RT-PCR e hnRT-PCR para a detecção do vírus rábico em estudos retrospectivos, para isso foram avaliadas 101 amostras cerebrais de diferentes espécies animais armazenadas por diferentes períodos, recém-descongeladas e mantidas em temperatura ambiente por 72 horas para decomposição. Os resultados das técnicas de RT-PCR e hnRT-PCR foram comparados com resultados prévios da Imunofluorescência Direta (IFD) e Inoculação Intracerebral em Camundongos (IC). Das 50 amostras positivas testadas, 26 (52%) apresentaram resultados positivos para a RT-PCR e 45 (90%) com a associação da hnRT-PCR quando realizadas em amostras recentemente descongeladas. Das amostras em decomposição foram analisadas 48 previamente positivas; onde 17 (34,3%) apresentaram resultado positivo para a RT-PCR e 36 (75%) com a associação da hnRT-PCR. Não foram encontrados resultados falso-positivos nas amostras negativas submetidas às técnicas de biologia molecular. A hnRT-PCR apresentou maior sensibilidade em relação à RT-PCR nas amostras recém-descongeladas e em decomposição. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade de sua aplicação em estudos retrospectivos em materiais descongelados e decompostos.
Abstract: The use of methods, both sensitive and specific, for rabies diagnosis are important tools for the control and prophylaxis of the disease. Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerse Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been used in rabies diagnosis with good results, even in decomposed materials. Additionally, molecular techniques have been used for epidemiological studies and better knowledge of viral epidemiology. The aim of this work was to evaluate the RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR in rabies virus detection in retrospectives studies. RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR were evaluated in 151 brain samples from different animal species, thawed and left at room temperature for 72 hours for decomposition. The RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR results were compared with preview results from Fluorescent Antibody Test and Mouse Inoculation Test. From the 50 positive fresh samples, 26 (52%) were positive for RT-PCR and 45 (90%) for hnRT-PCR. From the 48 positive decomposed samples, 17 (34, 3%) were positive for RT-PCR and 36 (75%) for hnRT-PCR. No false-positives results were found in the negatives samples submitted to the molecular techniques. These results show that the hnRT-PCR was more sensitive than RT-PCR, and both techniques presented lower sensibility in decomposed samples. The hnRT-PCR presented greater sensibility than the standards techniques (IFD e IC) in decomposed materials for rabies diagnosis. These results suggest the viability of the application of molecular techniques in thawed and decomposed materials for retrospective studies.
Mestre
Binkley, Laura Elyse. "Rabies Genetic Diversity and Reservoir Identification in Terrestrial Carnivores Throughout Ethiopia." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555504407886304.
Full textFrias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues. "Avaliação dos registros de profilaxia anti-rábica humana pós-exposição no Município de Jaboticabal, são Paulo, no período de 2000 a 2006 /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94657.
Full textCoorientador: Antonio Sergio Ferraudo
Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho
Banca: Sonia Regina Pinheiro
Resumo: Um elevado número de tratamentos anti-rábicos profiláticos são efetuados, anualmente, em pessoas envolvidas em agravos com animais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta de profilaxia anti-rábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, de 2000 a 2006, analisando as informações das fichas de atendimento e a distribuição geográfica dos agravos. Os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e MapInfo. Também foi calculado o custo direto com as vacinas anti-rábicas humanas. Em 3056 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 160 habitantes, com maior ocorrência em residências e nos bairros da região central da cidade, e incremento de casos nos meses de janeiro, julho, agosto e dezembro. A faixa etária mais atingida foi de 0 a 15 anos, destacando-se o sexo masculino. Com relação à espécie animal envolvida, a canina foi a responsável pela maioria dos agravos, sendo 67,5% dos cães e 22,2% dos gatos declarados vacinados; os cães estavam sadios em 77,8% dos casos. Das pessoas agredidas, 81,6% receberam profilaxia pós-exposição, num total de 7.108 doses de vacina e a um custo aproximado de R$179.105,14. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permitem questionar que 1.720 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade. Uma maior atenção deve ser dispensada aos registros de atendimento a agravos por animais, e uma análise acurada e mais criteriosa destes deve ser feita para que os tratamentos sejam instituídos adequadamente. Como a maioria dos acidentes ocorre em residências, portanto com cães e gatos domiciliados e vacinados, recomendam-se programas educativos para promoverem a posse responsável e o conhecimento dos cuidados que as pessoas devem ter com seus animais de estimação.
Abstract: A large number of rabies post-exposure treatment is annually given to humans attacked by animals. This study was aimed to evaluate the records and the conduct of rabies prophylaxis in humans, in the municipality of Jaboticabal, from 2000 to 2006, through the analysis of patients' records and geographic distribution of the accidents. The data were arranged in Excel® spreadsheets and were further analysed by EpiInfo® and MapInfo®. Also, the direct costs of given vaccines were calculated. From 3,056 patient's cards, it was observed 1 animal attack per 160 inhabitants, with higher occurence in residences, central neighborhoods and concentration of attacks in the months of January, July, August and December. The most affected age group was that of 0-15 years old, with predominance in males. As to animal species, dogs were responsible for causing the majority of accidents. 67.5% of dogs and 22.2% of cats had already been vaccinated before attacking. In 77.8% of occurences, the dogs were healthy. As to attacked humans, 81.6% of them received post-exposure prophylaxis, totalizing 7,108 antirabies vaccine doses at an approximate cost of R$179.105,14. Thorough data analysis and the fact that Jaboticabal lies in a rabies controlled region allow to question the administration of post-exposure vaccination in 1,720 persons. More attention should be payed to filling out and interpreting patient's records correctly, so that treatments can be properly established. As most attacks happen in the residences, where cats and dogs are usually domiciled and vaccinated, it is essencial to develop educational programs that promote responsible pet ownership and adequate pet handling and care.
Mestre
Smart, Nora (Nonie) Louise. "The pathogenesis of biting attacks observed in experimentally infected rabid skunks during early stage rabies." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7839.
Full textJacevičienė, Ingrida. "Laukinių ir naminių gyvūnų pasiutligės epidemiologija, diagnostika ir imunoprofilaktika Lietuvoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121211_095612-28399.
Full textRabies is one of the oldest and most dangerous human and animal diseases. This is a disease that is transmitted directly from animal to animal and from an animal to a human being. People usually contract this disease from stray domestic animals therefore a realistic threat is posed to everyone to become infected with the rabies virus (RV). The only and the most effective way of protecting oneself from rabies after an infected or unknown animal has bitten one, is immunoprophylaxis. Between 2003 and 2011, the epidemiological situation of rabies in Lithuania was assessed. The methods that were used to diagnose rabies are noted for specificity and sensitivity. It has been proved that applying simultaneously the direct fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and rabies tissue culture infections test (RTCIT) methods it was possible to ensure a fast and effective determination of RV in the samples of wild and domestic animals under investigation thereby ensuring confirmation of the diagnosis of being infected with RV. During the wild fauna oral rabies vaccination (ORV) period between 2007 and 2011, the philogenetic analysis of RV isolates of domestic and wild animals in the sphere of N gene by means of the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out for the first time. In 2006-2011, the assessment of the efficacy of ORV in raccoon dogs and red foxes by means of the quantitative the Enzyme-linked immunoassay test (ELISA) research method... [to full text]
Iamamoto, Keila. "Pesquisa do vírus rábico em mamíferos silvestres de uma reserva natural particular no Município de Ribeirão Grande, São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-26102006-104736/.
Full textIn Brazil and some Latin American countries, the incidence of rabies transmitted by domestic animals has decreased while it has been increasing in wild animals. During the last few years rabies has been diagnosed in hematophagous or nonhematophagous bats, nonhuman primates, crab-eating foxes, coatis, raccoons, capybaras, deers, skunks and some other species. The present study was carried out with biologists, researchers in wild fauna monitoring and the objective was to search the presence of the rabies virus in wildlife mammals from a private natural reserve, in Ribeirão Grande city, SP, region that was target of rabies in the last few years. During 2002 to 2004, 104 brain samples of captured animals were sent for diagnosis to UNESP Rabies Laboratory from Araçatuba, SP, conditioned in individuals Pasteur plastic pipettes. The animals belonged to three different orders, Chiroptera (47,1%), Rodentia (46,2%) and Marsupialia (6,7%), and to different ages and sex. The samples were submitted to direct fluorescent antibody test and mouse inoculation test and all samples resulted negative for rabies. According to data of the Rabies Control Program Coordination from São Paulo State, rabies is endemic in the studied region and the percentage of positive cases in bats during the last 10 years was 1,8%. Although all diagnosis were negative in this study, it is not possible to affirm that the rabies virus do not circulate in that property
Vasconcellos, Marcia Ester Parreira. "Caracterização biológica, genética e sorológica de uma amostra de vírus da raiva isolada de eqüino de uma região próxima de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-10052004-140909/.
Full textThe biologic behavior of a rabies virus recently isolated from an equine raised at a region neighbor to São Paulo, Southeast Brazil, the isolate M82-02, was studied in mice by inoculating through intracerebral and intramuscular route, for evaluation of characteristics related to its infectivity, pathogenicity, incubation period and course of clinical illness and also the virus capacity to invade other non-nervous tissues. The first intracerebrally passaged mouse brain was submitted for antigenic typing by using a set of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) prepared at the Canadian Food and Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada, and it was found to be a variant of vampire-bat related rabies virus. After extraction of genetic material, the sample was characterized genetically at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan, ant the isolate belonged to genotype 1 of the Lyssavirus gene, closely related to the Vampire-bat related virus group-VRRV, common among the Brazilian rabies virus isolates from herbivores and vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. The successive intracerebral and intramuscular passages in mice provoked a slight increase in the virus titer, and the stabilization of the incubation period. In its 10th passage, the isolate was used as the antigen in mouse serum neutralization test, for the assessment of equine sera which had been vaccinated with a commercial PV rabies inactivated virus vaccine, the equine sera were tested in parallel with the CVS strain and some sera were found with neutralizing titer >0.5 IU/mL. Using the isolate M82-02 of rabies virus as an antigen in the neutralization test, no significant difference could be detected, when the results were compared to that of the CVS strain. By means of direct fluorescent antibody (dFA) test, the presence of rabies virus antigen was detected in tissues of brain, lung and kidneys of mice inoculated by intramuscular route, especially in serially passaged materials. The CDC-potency test for evaluation of a commercial vaccine using the field isolate M82-02 as a challenge virus showed a poorer result than the challenge with the fixed CVS strain, however, this method needs further modifications for the routine use.
Frias, Danila Fernanda Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Avaliação dos registros de profilaxia anti-rábica humana pós-exposição no Município de Jaboticabal, são Paulo, no período de 2000 a 2006." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94657.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Um elevado número de tratamentos anti-rábicos profiláticos são efetuados, anualmente, em pessoas envolvidas em agravos com animais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar os registros e a conduta de profilaxia anti-rábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal, de 2000 a 2006, analisando as informações das fichas de atendimento e a distribuição geográfica dos agravos. Os dados foram tabulados em Excel e analisados com softwares EpiInfo e MapInfo. Também foi calculado o custo direto com as vacinas anti-rábicas humanas. Em 3056 fichas analisadas, computou-se um agravo para cada 160 habitantes, com maior ocorrência em residências e nos bairros da região central da cidade, e incremento de casos nos meses de janeiro, julho, agosto e dezembro. A faixa etária mais atingida foi de 0 a 15 anos, destacando-se o sexo masculino. Com relação à espécie animal envolvida, a canina foi a responsável pela maioria dos agravos, sendo 67,5% dos cães e 22,2% dos gatos declarados vacinados; os cães estavam sadios em 77,8% dos casos. Das pessoas agredidas, 81,6% receberam profilaxia pós-exposição, num total de 7.108 doses de vacina e a um custo aproximado de R$179.105,14. A análise detalhada dos dados, aliada ao fato de Jaboticabal ser considerada região controlada para a raiva, permitem questionar que 1.720 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade. Uma maior atenção deve ser dispensada aos registros de atendimento a agravos por animais, e uma análise acurada e mais criteriosa destes deve ser feita para que os tratamentos sejam instituídos adequadamente. Como a maioria dos acidentes ocorre em residências, portanto com cães e gatos domiciliados e vacinados, recomendam-se programas educativos para promoverem a posse responsável e o conhecimento dos cuidados que as pessoas devem ter com seus animais de estimação.
A large number of rabies post-exposure treatment is annually given to humans attacked by animals. This study was aimed to evaluate the records and the conduct of rabies prophylaxis in humans, in the municipality of Jaboticabal, from 2000 to 2006, through the analysis of patients´ records and geographic distribution of the accidents. The data were arranged in Excel® spreadsheets and were further analysed by EpiInfo® and MapInfo®. Also, the direct costs of given vaccines were calculated. From 3,056 patient´s cards, it was observed 1 animal attack per 160 inhabitants, with higher occurence in residences, central neighborhoods and concentration of attacks in the months of January, July, August and December. The most affected age group was that of 0-15 years old, with predominance in males. As to animal species, dogs were responsible for causing the majority of accidents. 67.5% of dogs and 22.2% of cats had already been vaccinated before attacking. In 77.8% of occurences, the dogs were healthy. As to attacked humans, 81.6% of them received post-exposure prophylaxis, totalizing 7,108 antirabies vaccine doses at an approximate cost of R$179.105,14. Thorough data analysis and the fact that Jaboticabal lies in a rabies controlled region allow to question the administration of post-exposure vaccination in 1,720 persons. More attention should be payed to filling out and interpreting patient´s records correctly, so that treatments can be properly established. As most attacks happen in the residences, where cats and dogs are usually domiciled and vaccinated, it is essencial to develop educational programs that promote responsible pet ownership and adequate pet handling and care.
Sumida, Doralice de Souza [UNESP]. "Agressões por cães e gatos em municípios da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141972.
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As agressões provocadas por animais domésticos, em especial por cães e gatos, constituem-se em um sério problema de saúde pública no Brasil, particularmente por sua relação com o controle da raiva em humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de casos de agressão de pessoas por cães e gatos em municípios da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo no período de 2008 a 2013, observando a variação da frequência ao longo dos anos e o perfil das mesmas entre os municípios, de acordo com suas características específicas. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento em arquivos de dados oficiais da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, tendo como base o período entre os anos de 2008 a 2013. Foram notificados 9.411 casos de acidentes por animais domésticos, sendo as agressões por cães as mais frequentes. A grande maioria dos municípios avaliados tiveram aumentos dos casos de agressões durante o período de estudo, entretanto a relação entre agressões por cães domiciliados e não domiciliados permaneceu constante. A maior frequência de agressões ocorreu na faixa etária entre 0 - 14, em todos os municípios analisados e nesta faixa etária houve predominância de ferimentos em membros inferiores, enquanto que em maiores de 14 anos, a maior ocorrência foi em mãos/pés. Houve predomínio de mordeduras, seguidas de arranhaduras. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os municípios da região estudada em relação à incidência das agressões e à sua distribuição entre os gêneros, não diferindo nas demais características como idade das pessoas agredidas, tipo de ferimento, localização das lesões.
Aggressions caused by domestic animals, especially by cats and dogs, is a serious public health issue in Brazil, particularly in its relation to the control of human rabies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidents involving aggression by dogs and cats to people in the municipalities of São Paulo State Northwest region from 2008 to 2013, noting the frequency variation over the years and the profile of them between municipalities in accordance with their specific characteristics. A survey on the State official data center was performed having as basis the period between 2008 and 2013, when 9,411 cases of aggressions by pets were reported. The aggressions caused by dogs were the most frequently reported. The large majority of the assessed municipalities had an increases in cases of aggression during the study period, however the relationship between aggressions from domestic and free roaming dogs remained constant. The highest frequency of attacks occurred in the group aging from 0 to14, in all analyzed municipalities and in this age range there was a predominance of injuries in the lower limbs, while in those over 14 years, the highest occurrence was in hands/feet. A large majority of reported aggressions corresponded to bites, followed by scratching. Statistically significant differences were observed between the municipalities in the study area in the incidence of attacks and their distribution between the genders, but not differing in other characteristics such as age of attacked people, type of injury and location of injury.
Araujo, Danielle Bastos [UNESP]. "Avaliação da reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR) para a detecção do vírus rábico em amostras animais armazenadas por diferentes períodos e submetidas à decomposição." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98316.
Full textFundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP)
A utilização de métodos sensíveis e específicos para o diagnóstico da raiva constitui uma importante ferramenta para o controle e profilaxia dessa enfermidade. A Reação em Cadeia pela Polimerase através de Transcriptase-Reversa (RT-PCR) tem sido utilizada com bons resultados no diagnóstico do vírus rábico, mesmo quando as amostras estão em estágio de decomposição. Adicionalmente as técnicas moleculares têm sido utilizadas para estudos epidemiológicos possibilitando um melhor conhecimento da epidemiologia viral. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as técnicas de RT-PCR e hnRT-PCR para a detecção do vírus rábico em estudos retrospectivos, para isso foram avaliadas 101 amostras cerebrais de diferentes espécies animais armazenadas por diferentes períodos, recém-descongeladas e mantidas em temperatura ambiente por 72 horas para decomposição. Os resultados das técnicas de RT-PCR e hnRT-PCR foram comparados com resultados prévios da Imunofluorescência Direta (IFD) e Inoculação Intracerebral em Camundongos (IC). Das 50 amostras positivas testadas, 26 (52%) apresentaram resultados positivos para a RT-PCR e 45 (90%) com a associação da hnRT-PCR quando realizadas em amostras recentemente descongeladas. Das amostras em decomposição foram analisadas 48 previamente positivas; onde 17 (34,3%) apresentaram resultado positivo para a RT-PCR e 36 (75%) com a associação da hnRT-PCR. Não foram encontrados resultados falso-positivos nas amostras negativas submetidas às técnicas de biologia molecular. A hnRT-PCR apresentou maior sensibilidade em relação à RT-PCR nas amostras recém-descongeladas e em decomposição. Os resultados sugerem a viabilidade de sua aplicação em estudos retrospectivos em materiais descongelados e decompostos.
The use of methods, both sensitive and specific, for rabies diagnosis are important tools for the control and prophylaxis of the disease. Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerse Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) has been used in rabies diagnosis with good results, even in decomposed materials. Additionally, molecular techniques have been used for epidemiological studies and better knowledge of viral epidemiology. The aim of this work was to evaluate the RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR in rabies virus detection in retrospectives studies. RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR were evaluated in 151 brain samples from different animal species, thawed and left at room temperature for 72 hours for decomposition. The RT-PCR and hnRT-PCR results were compared with preview results from Fluorescent Antibody Test and Mouse Inoculation Test. From the 50 positive fresh samples, 26 (52%) were positive for RT-PCR and 45 (90%) for hnRT-PCR. From the 48 positive decomposed samples, 17 (34, 3%) were positive for RT-PCR and 36 (75%) for hnRT-PCR. No false-positives results were found in the negatives samples submitted to the molecular techniques. These results show that the hnRT-PCR was more sensitive than RT-PCR, and both techniques presented lower sensibility in decomposed samples. The hnRT-PCR presented greater sensibility than the standards techniques (IFD e IC) in decomposed materials for rabies diagnosis. These results suggest the viability of the application of molecular techniques in thawed and decomposed materials for retrospective studies.
Lages, Sonia Luisa Silva [UNESP]. "Avaliação da população de cães e gatos com proprietário, e do nível de conhecimento sobre a raiva e posse responsável em duas áreas contrastantes da cidade de Jaboticabal, São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94638.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A intensa convivência entre o ser humano e os animais de estimação não tem sido acompanhada pela adoção de posturas de posse responsável. Dentre os animais de estimação, cães e gatos são geralmente os de eleição, estando presentes em grande contingente dos lares. Ações educativas que alertem e conscientizem sobre zoonoses e sobre a responsabilidade de possuir animais são fundamentais na mitigação dos problemas de saúde pública; porém, antes da realização de qualquer programa, é imprescindível o conhecimento da realidade local. O presente estudo foi idealizado com o propósito de avaliar a população de cães e gatos, e o nível de conhecimento e comportamento sobre a raiva e posse responsável de animais de estimação, em bairros de níveis socioeconômicos contrastantes da cidade de Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo. De setembro a novembro de 2007 foram entrevistados 185 moradores dos bairros Jardim Patriarca, Jardim Paulista e Jardim Santa Rosa, e 197 moradores do bairro Nova Jaboticabal, totalizando 382 entrevistas. Para análise dos dados foram empregados o teste Qui-quadrado e a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Apesar do contraste socioeconômico, o nível de conhecimento dos entrevistados sobre posse responsável e raiva animal foi semelhante em todos os bairros estudados; entretanto, o melhor poder aquisitivo favoreceu maiores gastos com serviços veterinários, como atendimento médico e vacinações, e maior número de animais por residência. As informações obtidas respaldam a necessidade de realizar trabalhos educativos constantes sobre posse responsável e prevenção de agravos em toda a cidade, além do estabelecimento de um canal de comunicação entre veterinários e o governo municipal.
The intense interactions between people and pets have not been accompanied by responsible ownership practices over the years. Dogs and cats are the pets of choice, and they are found in great amount of homes. It is crucial to put into practice educative actions on zoonoses and on responsibility of owning animals to mitigate public health-related problems. However, before their effectuation, it is necessary to assess the local reality. The present study aimed to assess owned-dogs and cats populations and to evaluate the level of knowledge of responsible pet ownership and rabies among residents of socially and economically contradictory neighborhoods of the city of Jaboticabal, State of São Paulo. From September to November, 2007, 185 residents of Jardim Patriarca, Jardim Paulista and Jardim Santa Rosa neighborhoods and 197 residents of Nova Jaboticabal were interviewed, giving a total of 382 interviews. Chi-square test and Multiple Correspondence Analysis were used for data analysis. Despite socioeconomic contradiction, the level of knowledge was similar. However, better levels of income favored greater expenses with veterinary care services, including vaccinations, and a greater amount of pets per household. Results recommend the need for constant educational actions on responsible pet ownership and injury prevention for all social classes of Jaboticabal, besides the establishment of a communication channel between private veterinarians and local government.
Babboni, Selene Daniela [UNESP]. "Compêndio para planejamento de campanha de vacinação anual contra a raiva de cães e gatos na zona urbana de municípios." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140241.
Full textA Raiva continua sendo uma enfermidade de preocupação mundial com severidade de ser praticamente 100% letal para as pessoas tendo o cão como seu principal transmissor. O procedimento mais eficaz para controlar a enfermidade é quando são vacinados 75% dos cães de um Município, quantidade que contribui para a interrupção do elo epidemiológico de transmissão da doença e, por consequência, proteção à saúde pública. A experiência acumulada desde 1968 em planejamentos de campanhas de vacinação anual em cães e gatos em diferentes Municípios do estado de São Paulo objetivou a elaboração do presente compêndio. Os materiais e métodos foram descritos e analisados sobre aspectos temáticos e operacionais de áreas do conhecimento sendo empreendidos como procedimentos para permitir sustentação para elaborações de políticas setoriais subsequentes. O desenvolvimento do compêndio, portanto, foi sustentado nesses 47 anos de planejamentos de campanhas de vacinação anual contra a Raiva baseando-se principalmente nas características da área e nas dinâmicas populacionais animal e humana dos Municípios alvos das campanhas, detalhando os procedimentos operacionais necessários para que a meta de vacinação dos animais possa ser atingida em cada Município, considerando-se ainda as condições socioeconômicas e culturais das áreas objetos dos planejamentos das campanhas de vacinação
Rabies is still a concerning worldwide disease with almost 100% lethality to people and the dog acting as the main carrier. The most efficient proceeding to control the disease is when 75% of the dog population in one city is vaccinated, amount that contributes to the interruption of the disease epidemiological transmission cycle, and, by consequence, public health protection. The experience accumulated since 1968 in planning the annual vaccination campaign in dogs and cats in different cities from São Paulo state aimed the elaboration of the present compendium. Material and methods were described and analyzed under the thematic and operational aspects from areas of knowledge and undertaken as proceedings to allow sustaining to elaborate subsequential sectorial politics. The compendium development, thus, was sustained on these 47 years of annual vaccination campaign against rabies based mainly on the area characteristics and animal and human populational dynamics at the target cities detailing the operational proceedings needed so that the goal to vaccinate the animals be achieved in each city considering further the cultural and socioeconomic conditions of the areas from the vaccination campaign planning
Babboni, Selene Daniela. "Compêndio para planejamento de campanha de vacinação anual contra a raiva de cães e gatos na zona urbana de municípios." Botucatu, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/140241.
Full textBanca: Denise Lopes
Banca: José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto
Banca: Hení Falcão da Costa
Banca: João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes
Resumo: A Raiva continua sendo uma enfermidade de preocupação mundial com severidade de ser praticamente 100% letal para as pessoas tendo o cão como seu principal transmissor. O procedimento mais eficaz para controlar a enfermidade é quando são vacinados 75% dos cães de um Município, quantidade que contribui para a interrupção do elo epidemiológico de transmissão da doença e, por consequência, proteção à saúde pública. A experiência acumulada desde 1968 em planejamentos de campanhas de vacinação anual em cães e gatos em diferentes Municípios do estado de São Paulo objetivou a elaboração do presente compêndio. Os materiais e métodos foram descritos e analisados sobre aspectos temáticos e operacionais de áreas do conhecimento sendo empreendidos como procedimentos para permitir sustentação para elaborações de políticas setoriais subsequentes. O desenvolvimento do compêndio, portanto, foi sustentado nesses 47 anos de planejamentos de campanhas de vacinação anual contra a Raiva baseando-se principalmente nas características da área e nas dinâmicas populacionais animal e humana dos Municípios alvos das campanhas, detalhando os procedimentos operacionais necessários para que a meta de vacinação dos animais possa ser atingida em cada Município, considerando-se ainda as condições socioeconômicas e culturais das áreas objetos dos planejamentos das campanhas de vacinação
Abstract: Rabies is still a concerning worldwide disease with almost 100% lethality to people and the dog acting as the main carrier. The most efficient proceeding to control the disease is when 75% of the dog population in one city is vaccinated, amount that contributes to the interruption of the disease epidemiological transmission cycle, and, by consequence, public health protection. The experience accumulated since 1968 in planning the annual vaccination campaign in dogs and cats in different cities from São Paulo state aimed the elaboration of the present compendium. Material and methods were described and analyzed under the thematic and operational aspects from areas of knowledge and undertaken as proceedings to allow sustaining to elaborate subsequential sectorial politics. The compendium development, thus, was sustained on these 47 years of annual vaccination campaign against rabies based mainly on the area characteristics and animal and human populational dynamics at the target cities detailing the operational proceedings needed so that the goal to vaccinate the animals be achieved in each city considering further the cultural and socioeconomic conditions of the areas from the vaccination campaign planning
Doutor
Reid, Morgann. "Describing the Rabies Management System in an Ontario Municipality: A Mixed Methods Study of Human and Companion Animal Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38490.
Full textSumida, Doralice de Souza. "Agressões por cães e gatos em municípios da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo /." Araçatuba, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/141972.
Full textBanca:Cáris Maroni Nunes
Banca:Vera Claudia Lorenzetti Magalaes Curci
Resumo: As agressões provocadas por animais domésticos, em especial por cães e gatos, constituem-se em um sério problema de saúde pública no Brasil, particularmente por sua relação com o controle da raiva em humanos. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a ocorrência de casos de agressão de pessoas por cães e gatos em municípios da região Noroeste do Estado de São Paulo no período de 2008 a 2013, observando a variação da frequência ao longo dos anos e o perfil das mesmas entre os municípios, de acordo com suas características específicas. Para tanto, realizou-se um levantamento em arquivos de dados oficiais da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado de São Paulo, tendo como base o período entre os anos de 2008 a 2013. Foram notificados 9.411 casos de acidentes por animais domésticos, sendo as agressões por cães as mais frequentes. A grande maioria dos municípios avaliados tiveram aumentos dos casos de agressões durante o período de estudo, entretanto a relação entre agressões por cães domiciliados e não domiciliados permaneceu constante. A maior frequência de agressões ocorreu na faixa etária entre 0 - 14, em todos os municípios analisados e nesta faixa etária houve predominância de ferimentos em membros inferiores, enquanto que em maiores de 14 anos, a maior ocorrência foi em mãos/pés. Houve predomínio de mordeduras, seguidas de arranhaduras. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os municípios da região estudada em relação à incidência das agressões e à sua distribu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Aggressions caused by domestic animals, especially by cats and dogs, is a serious public health issue in Brazil, particularly in its relation to the control of human rabies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidents involving aggression by dogs and cats to people in the municipalities of São Paulo State Northwest region from 2008 to 2013, noting the frequency variation over the years and the profile of them between municipalities in accordance with their specific characteristics. A survey on the State official data center was performed having as basis the period between 2008 and 2013, when 9,411 cases of aggressions by pets were reported. The aggressions caused by dogs were the most frequently reported. The large majority of the assessed municipalities had an increases in cases of aggression during the study period, however the relationship between aggressions from domestic and free roaming dogs remained constant. The highest frequency of attacks occurred in the group aging from 0 to14, in all analyzed municipalities and in this age range there was a predominance of injuries in the lower limbs, while in those over 14 years, the highest occurrence was in hands/feet. A large majority of reported aggressions corresponded to bites, followed by scratching. Statistically significant differences were observed between the municipalities in the study area in the incidence of attacks and their distribution between the genders, but not differing in other characteristics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Babboni, Selene Daniela [UNESP]. "Avaliação da imunidade ativa de cães primovacinados (Fuenzalida & Palácios) no intervalo de campanhas anuais de vacinação contra a raiva no município de Botucatu/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94754.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A Raiva é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, causada por um vírus do gênero Lyssavirus transmitida ao homem por mamíferos por meio da inoculação do vírus existente na saliva do animal infectado, com prognóstico fatal em quase 100% dos casos. Mundialmente, o cão infectado é responsável por 99% dos casos de raiva humana e por 92% dos tratamentos pós-exposição. Já no Brasil, o cão raivoso é historicamente o responsável por 40% das mortes humanas. O controle da Raiva em animais de companhia por meio da vacinação em massa deve culminar com a quebra do elo epidemiológico de transmissão da doença e, consequentemente, a diminuição dos casos de Raiva humana. Com o objetivo de avaliar a imunidade ativa de cães primovacinados na campanha anual de vacinação contra a Raiva na zona urbana do município de Botucatu/SP, foram analisados 576 soros caninos, colhidos em cinco momentos diferentes. A técnica utilizada para quantificação dos títulos de anticorpos antirrábicos neutralizantes foi a inibição de focos de fluorescência rápida (RFFIT). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Goodman. Os resultados apresentados permitiram concluir que do total dos animais pesquisados, 51,5% dos cães tiveram título antirrábico protetor durante todo o período de um ano e que para a manutenção de títulos ≥0.5 UI/mL nos cães até a próxima campanha de vacinação antirrábica, deve ser realizada uma dose da vacina 180 dias após a primovacinação
Rabies is a worldwide zoonoses caused by a virus from Lyssavirus gender, transmitted to humans by mammals through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of infected animal, with fatal prognosis in almost 100% of the cases. Worldwide, the infected dog is responsible for 99% of the human cases and by 92% of post-exposition treatments. In Brazil, rabid dog is historically the responsible by 40% of human deaths. Rabies control in companion animals by mass vaccination must culminate in the break of the epidemiological link of disease transmission and, consequently, decreasing human cases of rabies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the active immunity of primo vaccinated dogs in annual vaccination campaign against rabies in urban area of Botucatu/SP, using 576 canine serum samples, collected in five different moments. The technique used to quantify antibodies titers against rabid virus was rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Results were analyzed by Goodman test. Results allowed to conclude that from all studied animals, 51.5% had protector antirabies titer during the period o fone yaer and to keep titer ≥0.5 UI/mL in dogs until next campaign must be done a dose of vaccination 180 days after primo vaccination
Ferreira, Rodrigo de Souza. "Levantamento Epidemiológico da Raiva no Estado de Minas Gerais no Período de 2002 a 2006." Universidade Jose do Rosario Vellano, 2007. http://tede2.unifenas.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/106.
Full textCoordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nïvel Superior
Rabies is an infectious and contagious disease that affects mammals including humans and is present in all the continents except Oceania It is caused by the genus Lyssavirus and is characterized by acute and fatal encephalitis In Brazil rabies is considered endemic but in herbivorous animals it predominates in the states of Minas Gerais and Goiás respectively and in decreasing order The main transmitters of rabies to humans are dogs followed by bats As regards herbiborous animals the main transmitters are hematophagous bats The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the diagnosis of human and animal rabies in the State of Minas Gerais observing by means of statistical analyses of time series the tendency and seasonability of bovine rabies Eight thousand and nine hundred and seven samples were analyzed by means of DIF (direct immmunofluorescence) of several animal species including humans in the 2002-2006 period The samples composed by fragments of nervous tissue came from animals and humans with nervous symptoms and clinical signs of rabies Among the samples 1.533 (17.21%) were DIF positive The DIF negative samples (7.373, or 82.79%) were submitted to the MI (mouse inoculation) examination and gave rabies-positive results in 71 samples (0.96%) Of all the species submitted to DIF and MI examinations the highest number of positive cases occurred in bovines (1.344 cases) followed by equines (140) bats (71) dogs (30) humans (5) swines (4)goats (3)sheeps (3) cats (2) asinines (1) and buffaloes (1)Bovine rabies was statistically analyzed by means of the sign test (Cox-Stuart) adapted to a regression model to determine tendency and the Fisher test to determine seasonability With regard to tendency in bovines a decreasing number of rabies-positive cases was detected at a proportion of 0.1427 cases a month A cyclical seasonability characterized by the existence of 3 annual cycles (January to April May to August and September to December) was also determined where bovine rabies occurred mainly in February (first cycle) July (second cycle) and October (third cycle) with a similar characteristic of each cycle in all the years of the study Bovine rabies was diagnosed in all the 10 macro-regions of Minas Gerais but it was predominant in the South the Center and in the Minas Gerais Triangle (Triângulo Mineiro) The regions with the least number of focuses was the North the Northwest and the Jequitinhonha/Mucuri Valley For controlling bats Desmodus rotundus 5.294 shelters were registered where 39.137 bats of such a species were captured and treated with a bat killing paste Rabies is a disease that needs for its control continuous activities of epidemiological vigilance sanitary education animal immunization and populational control of its transmitters
A raiva é uma enfermidade infecto-contagiosa que acomete os mamíferos inclusive o homem presente em todos os continentes com exceção da Oceania é causada pelo gênero Lyssavirus caracterizando-se por uma encefalomielite aguda e fatal no Brasil a raiva é considerada endêmica apesar de que a raiva dos herbívoros é mais predominante nos estados de Minas Gerais e Goiás respectivamente em ordem decrescente o principal transmissor da raiva ao ser humano é o cão seguido pelos morcegos Os morcegos hematófagos são os principais responsáveis pela transmissão da raiva aos herbívoros Objetivou-se avaliar o diagnóstico da raiva humana e animal no estado de Minas Gerais observando-se por meio de análises estatísticas de séries temporais a tendência e a sazonalidade da raiva bovina Foram analisadas 8.906 amostras por meio da IFD (imunofluorescência direta) de diversas espécies animais inclusive humana no período de 2002 a 2006 As amostras compostas por fragmentos de tecido nervoso eram provenientes de animais e humanos com sintomatologia nervosa e suspeita clínica de raiva Das amostras analisadas 1.533 (17,21%) tiveram resultado positivo pelo exame de IFD As amostras negativas (7.373 que equivalem a 82,79% do total) foram submetidas ao exame de IC (inoculação em camundongos) obtendo resultados positivos para raiva em 71 amostras (0,96% das amostras submetidas à IC) Dentre as espécies submetidas aos exames (IFD e IC) para diagnóstico da raiva a espécie com maior número de casos positivos foi a bovina (1.344 casos) seguida pela eqüina (140) morcegos (71) canina (30) humana (05) suína (04)caprina (03) ovina (03) felina (gatos domésticos com 02 casos) asinina (01) e bubalina (01) A raiva bovina foi submetida a análises estatísticas utilizando-se do teste do sinal (Cox-Stuart) ajustado a um modelo de regressão para determinar a tendência e teste de Fisher para determinar a sazonalidade Quanto à tendência desta enfermidade em bovinos detectou-se a sua existência em caráter decrescente do número de casos positivos de raiva numa proporção de 0,1427 casos por mês Determinou-se também uma sazonalidade cíclica caracterizada pela existência de 3 ciclos anuais (janeiro a abril maio a agosto e setembro a dezembro) sendo os meses de maior ocorrência de raiva bovina os meses de fevereiro (1º ciclo) julho (2º ciclo) e outubro (3º ciclo) e uma característica semelhante de cada ciclo em todos os anos pesquisados A raiva bovina foi diagnostica em todas as 10 macrorregiões de Minas Gerais mas a predominância foi nas regiões Sul Central e Triângulo Mineiro e as regiões com menor número de focos foram a Norte Noroeste e Jequitinhonha/Mucuri Quanto ao controle de morcegos Desmodus rotundus foram cadastrados 5.294 abrigos onde 39.137 morcegos desta espécie foram capturados e tratados com pasta vampiricida A raiva é uma doença que necessita para seu controle de atividades contínuas de vigilância epidemiológica educação sanitária imunização dos animais e controle populacional de seus transmissores
Klimovich, Charlotte Marie. "Investigations into the physiological and biomechanical basis of differential success in oral rabies vaccination between skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor)." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1502454684921845.
Full textBabboni, Selene Daniela. "Avaliação da imunidade ativa de cães primovacinados (Fuenzalida & Palácios) no intervalo de campanhas anuais de vacinação contra a raiva no município de Botucatu/SP /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94754.
Full textBanca: Hélio Langoni
Banca: Cáris Maroni Nunes
Banca: Simone Baldini Lucheis
Banca: Carlos Roberto Padovani
Resumo: A Raiva é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, causada por um vírus do gênero Lyssavirus transmitida ao homem por mamíferos por meio da inoculação do vírus existente na saliva do animal infectado, com prognóstico fatal em quase 100% dos casos. Mundialmente, o cão infectado é responsável por 99% dos casos de raiva humana e por 92% dos tratamentos pós-exposição. Já no Brasil, o cão raivoso é historicamente o responsável por 40% das mortes humanas. O controle da Raiva em animais de companhia por meio da vacinação em massa deve culminar com a quebra do elo epidemiológico de transmissão da doença e, consequentemente, a diminuição dos casos de Raiva humana. Com o objetivo de avaliar a imunidade ativa de cães primovacinados na campanha anual de vacinação contra a Raiva na zona urbana do município de Botucatu/SP, foram analisados 576 soros caninos, colhidos em cinco momentos diferentes. A técnica utilizada para quantificação dos títulos de anticorpos antirrábicos neutralizantes foi a inibição de focos de fluorescência rápida (RFFIT). Os resultados foram analisados pelo teste Goodman. Os resultados apresentados permitiram concluir que do total dos animais pesquisados, 51,5% dos cães tiveram título antirrábico protetor durante todo o período de um ano e que para a manutenção de títulos ≥0.5 UI/mL nos cães até a próxima campanha de vacinação antirrábica, deve ser realizada uma dose da vacina 180 dias após a primovacinação
Abstract: Rabies is a worldwide zoonoses caused by a virus from Lyssavirus gender, transmitted to humans by mammals through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of infected animal, with fatal prognosis in almost 100% of the cases. Worldwide, the infected dog is responsible for 99% of the human cases and by 92% of post-exposition treatments. In Brazil, rabid dog is historically the responsible by 40% of human deaths. Rabies control in companion animals by mass vaccination must culminate in the break of the epidemiological link of disease transmission and, consequently, decreasing human cases of rabies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the active immunity of primo vaccinated dogs in annual vaccination campaign against rabies in urban area of Botucatu/SP, using 576 canine serum samples, collected in five different moments. The technique used to quantify antibodies titers against rabid virus was rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). Results were analyzed by Goodman test. Results allowed to conclude that from all studied animals, 51.5% had protector antirabies titer during the period o fone yaer and to keep titer ≥0.5 UI/mL in dogs until next campaign must be done a dose of vaccination 180 days after primo vaccination
Mestre
Menozzi, Benedito Donizete [UNESP]. "Caracterização antigênica e genotípica de isolados do vírus rábico, de quirópteros da cidade de Botucatu-SP e região." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89935.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os morcegos há algum tempo vem recebendo crescente importância em Saúde Pública, pois são considerados os principais reservatórios do vírus da raiva em grande parte do mundo inclusive no Brasil. Apesar dos morcegos manterem ciclos epidemiológicos da raiva há séculos, foi nas últimas décadas que a raiva em morcegos teve seu reconhecimento, por meio de pesquisas sobre o papel destes animais no ciclo epidemiológico da doença e também sobre suas variantes e suas implicações no desenvolvimento de novos reservatórios para o vírus da raiva, principalmente em regiões onde a doença em cães foi controlada. O estado de São Paulo, sob coordenação do Instituto Pasteur, realiza a vigilância epidemiológica para raiva por meio dos laboratórios credenciados para seu diagnóstico, no Laboratório do Serviço de Diagnóstico de Zoonoses da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia – UNESP - Botucatu - SP está credenciado recebendo material para diagnóstico de diversos municípios da região. Entre os anos de 2003 e 2010 foram diagnosticadas como positivas pelas provas de IFD e Prova Biológica, 19 amostras de quirópteros não hematófagos. Estes isolados foram caracterizados antigenicamente pelo painel de anticorpos monoclonais cedido pelo CDCOPAS (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAOrganização Pan-americana de Saúde), revelando que sete destes isolados pertenciam a variante 3, que tem os morcegos hematófagos da espécie Desmodus rotundus como reservatório, além de um morcego insetívoro do gênero Myotis que apresentou variante 4 característica do também morcego insetívoro Tadarida brasiliensis, além de outros três perfis não compatíveis, NC-1, NC-2 e NC-3. Todos os isolados foram submetidos a RT-PCR e seus produtos tiveram o gene da nucleoproteína (N) viral parcialmente...
For some time ago, bats are receiving an increased importance in Public Health because they are considered the main reservoirs of rabies virus around the world, including Brazil. Although bats remain the rabies epidemiological cycles for centuries, only in the last decades the rabies in bats had its recognition, throughout researches focused on the role of these animals in the epidemiological cycle of the disease and also on their variants and their implications in the development of new reservoirs for rabies virus, mainly in regions where the disease in dogs was controlled. The state of São Paulo, coordinated by the Institute Pasteur, performs epidemiological surveillance for rabies through registered laboratories for its diagnosis. The labs of Zoonosis Diagnostic Service, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - UNESP - Botucatu - SP is registered for receiving material for diagnosis of some municipalities of the region. Between 2003 and 2010, 19 samples of nonhematophagous bats were diagnosed as positive by IFD and Biological Evidence. These isolates were antigenically characterized by the panel of monoclonal antibodies donated by PAHO-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Pan-American Health), revealing seven of these isolates belonged to variant 3, which has the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus as reservoir, as well as an insectivorous bat of the genus Myotis presenting variant 4, characterisitc of the other insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis, and other three profiles are not compatible, NC-1, NC-2 and NC-3. All isolates were assayed by RT-PCR and their products had the nucleoprotein gene (N) viral partially sequenced, generating a phylogenetic tree that grouped these isolates into four clusters, designated as lineages Nyctinomops, Myotis, Desmodus rotundus, and a new lineage of rabies virus not... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Menozzi, Benedito Donizete. "Caracterização antigênica e genotípica de isolados do vírus rábico, de quirópteros da cidade de Botucatu-SP e região /." Botucatu, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89935.
Full textBanca: Maria Luiza Carrieri
Banca: Jane Megid
Resumo: Os morcegos há algum tempo vem recebendo crescente importância em Saúde Pública, pois são considerados os principais reservatórios do vírus da raiva em grande parte do mundo inclusive no Brasil. Apesar dos morcegos manterem ciclos epidemiológicos da raiva há séculos, foi nas últimas décadas que a raiva em morcegos teve seu reconhecimento, por meio de pesquisas sobre o papel destes animais no ciclo epidemiológico da doença e também sobre suas variantes e suas implicações no desenvolvimento de novos reservatórios para o vírus da raiva, principalmente em regiões onde a doença em cães foi controlada. O estado de São Paulo, sob coordenação do Instituto Pasteur, realiza a vigilância epidemiológica para raiva por meio dos laboratórios credenciados para seu diagnóstico, no Laboratório do Serviço de Diagnóstico de Zoonoses da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia - UNESP - Botucatu - SP está credenciado recebendo material para diagnóstico de diversos municípios da região. Entre os anos de 2003 e 2010 foram diagnosticadas como positivas pelas provas de IFD e Prova Biológica, 19 amostras de quirópteros não hematófagos. Estes isolados foram caracterizados antigenicamente pelo painel de anticorpos monoclonais cedido pelo CDCOPAS (Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USAOrganização Pan-americana de Saúde), revelando que sete destes isolados pertenciam a variante 3, que tem os morcegos hematófagos da espécie Desmodus rotundus como reservatório, além de um morcego insetívoro do gênero Myotis que apresentou variante 4 característica do também morcego insetívoro Tadarida brasiliensis, além de outros três perfis não compatíveis, NC-1, NC-2 e NC-3. Todos os isolados foram submetidos a RT-PCR e seus produtos tiveram o gene da nucleoproteína (N) viral parcialmente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: For some time ago, bats are receiving an increased importance in Public Health because they are considered the main reservoirs of rabies virus around the world, including Brazil. Although bats remain the rabies epidemiological cycles for centuries, only in the last decades the rabies in bats had its recognition, throughout researches focused on the role of these animals in the epidemiological cycle of the disease and also on their variants and their implications in the development of new reservoirs for rabies virus, mainly in regions where the disease in dogs was controlled. The state of São Paulo, coordinated by the Institute Pasteur, performs epidemiological surveillance for rabies through registered laboratories for its diagnosis. The labs of Zoonosis Diagnostic Service, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science - UNESP - Botucatu - SP is registered for receiving material for diagnosis of some municipalities of the region. Between 2003 and 2010, 19 samples of nonhematophagous bats were diagnosed as positive by IFD and Biological Evidence. These isolates were antigenically characterized by the panel of monoclonal antibodies donated by PAHO-CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA Pan-American Health), revealing seven of these isolates belonged to variant 3, which has the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus as reservoir, as well as an insectivorous bat of the genus Myotis presenting variant 4, characterisitc of the other insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis, and other three profiles are not compatible, NC-1, NC-2 and NC-3. All isolates were assayed by RT-PCR and their products had the nucleoprotein gene (N) viral partially sequenced, generating a phylogenetic tree that grouped these isolates into four clusters, designated as lineages Nyctinomops, Myotis, Desmodus rotundus, and a new lineage of rabies virus not... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Appolinário, Camila Michele [UNESP]. "Eficácia pós-expositiva de RNAs de Interferência (siRNAs) e Ribavirina em camundongos infectados com o vírus rábico de origem canina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98332.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O tratamento pós-expositivo da raiva é a principal medida para evitar o desenvolvimento da doença, e baseia-se na aplicação da vacina anti-rábica associada ou não ao soro anti-rábico, em número de doses variáveis de acordo com o tipo de exposição. Protocolos terapêuticos utilizando drogas antivirais vêm sendo aplicados em seres humanos, com resultados positivos e negativos, gerando dúvidas quanto à eficácia. A possibilidade de utilização de RNA de interferência (siRNA) e da ribavirina, associado ou não ao Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) no tratamento pós expositivo da raiva experimental em camundongos, representa uma nova perspectiva. Camundongos C57BL6 foram inoculados com uma amostra de rua de vírus rábico proveniente de cão, separados em diferentes grupos e diferentes protocolos terapêuticos, sendo estes administrados 24 horas após a inoculação viral. De cada grupo, oito animais foram separados para observação durante um período de 30 dias sendo os demais sacrificados cinco e dez dias após a inoculação. O cérebro dos animais sacrificados foi coletado e RT-PCR em Tempo Real foi realizada para a detecção e quantificação do gene N do vírus rábico e avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados a resposta imune. Tanto a ribavirina como o siRNA, isoladamente ou associados ao DMSO não demonstraram diferença estatística significante relacionada à letalidade, no entanto, os grupos tratados com ribavirina demonstraram maior percentagem de letalidade e sintomatologia clínica mais severa. Nos animais não inoculados e tratados com a ribavirina, houve um estímulo transitório da resposta imune inata, no entanto, quando associado ao virus rábico este aumento da resposta imune não foi observado. No grupo tratado com siRNA o período de evolução da doença foi mais prolongado quando comparado ao dos demais grupos, sugerindo uma atividade antiviral parcial...
Rabies post-exposition treatment is the main measure to prevent disease development, and is based on the use of anti-rabies vaccine with or without anti-rabies serum, in a number of doses varying according to the exposure type. Therapeutic protocols using antiviral drugs have been applied in humans, with positive and negative results, raising doubts about effectiveness. The possibility of using RNA interference (siRNA) and ribavirin, with or without Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in post exposure treatment of experimental rabies in mice represents in rabies treatment. C57BL6 mice were inoculated with street dog rabies virus, and then separated into different groups and received different post-exposure treatment, wich were administered 24 hours after the inoculation. In each group, eight animals were separated for 30 days of observation and the ramaining sacrificied five and ten days after inoculation. Brains of the sacrificed animals were collected and RT-Real-Time PCR was performed for detection and quantification of the N gene of rabies virus, and for evaluation of the expression of immune response related genes. Both ribavirin and siRNA, alone or associated with DMSO showed no statistically significant differences related to mortality, however, the groups treated with ribavirin showed a greater percentage of mortality and more severe clinical symptoms. In animals not inoculated and treated with ribavirin, there was a transient stimulation of the innate immune response, however, when associated to rabies virus such increase in immune response was not observed. In the group treated with siRNA the period of the disease was more prolonged when compared to the other groups, suggesting a partial antiviral activity with this therapy. The results of ribavirin “in vivo” were evaluated “in vitro in fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells demonstrating a cell type-dependent efficacy
Lages, Sonia Luisa Silva. "Avaliação da população de cães e gatos com proprietário, e do nível de conhecimento sobre a raiva e posse responsável em duas áreas contrastantes da cidade de Jaboticabal, São Paulo /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94638.
Full textAbstract: The intense interactions between people and pets have not been accompanied by responsible ownership practices over the years. Dogs and cats are the pets of choice, and they are found in great amount of homes. It is crucial to put into practice educative actions on zoonoses and on responsibility of owning animals to mitigate public health-related problems. However, before their effectuation, it is necessary to assess the local reality. The present study aimed to assess owned-dogs and cats populations and to evaluate the level of knowledge of responsible pet ownership and rabies among residents of socially and economically contradictory neighborhoods of the city of Jaboticabal, State of São Paulo. From September to November, 2007, 185 residents of Jardim Patriarca, Jardim Paulista and Jardim Santa Rosa neighborhoods and 197 residents of Nova Jaboticabal were interviewed, giving a total of 382 interviews. Chi-square test and Multiple Correspondence Analysis were used for data analysis. Despite socioeconomic contradiction, the level of knowledge was similar. However, better levels of income favored greater expenses with veterinary care services, including vaccinations, and a greater amount of pets per household. Results recommend the need for constant educational actions on responsible pet ownership and injury prevention for all social classes of Jaboticabal, besides the establishment of a communication channel between private veterinarians and local government.
Orientadora: Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
Coorientador: Antonio Sérgio Ferraudo
Banca: Luiz Augusto do Amaral
Banca: Maria de Lourdes Aguiar Bonadia Reichmann
Mestre
Widmer, Cynthia Elisa. "Perfil sanitário de onças-pintadas (Panthera onca) de vida livre no Pantanal Sul do Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-18022010-134815/.
Full textFew studies have been conducted to investigate the health of free-ranging jaguars. In order to obtain better parameters for clinical evaluation of this endangered species, clinical exams, hemogram, biochemical tests and ecological monitoring were done for 10 jaguars in the Pantanal region - Corumbá City, Mato Grosso do Sul State. This project also evaluated the possible role of this species as susceptible, host or sentinel for pathogens of public and/or animal health importance, testing samples from these animals by serological methods to rabies virus, Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia canis. All samples and all ticks collected from the jaguars were also tested by polymerase chain reaction to the Anaplasmataceae family and the genera Rickettsia, Borrelia, Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Babesia. This is the first report of hemograms and biochemical profile of a free-ranging jaguar population. Two asymptomatic animals presented low seropositivity for rabies virus, suggesting contact with this pathogen. All jaguars were considered seropositive for Rickettsia spp., and Rickettsia parkeri was sequenced from an Amblyomma triste that was parasitizing one of the animals. A possible new species of the genus Ehrlichia has been identified by DNA sequencing obtained from an Amblyomma triste and an Amblyomma cajenense that were parasitizing jaguars. Four jaguars were considered seropositive for Ehrlichia canis, possibly a cross-reaction with this other species. All jaguars evaluated in this study presented DNA fragments of Cytauxzoon sp., 98% similarity to C. felis in blood samples. In addition, all jaguars presented DNA fragments of Hepatozoon sp., 98% similarity to H. felis in blood samples. In general, these jaguars presented good health.
Gomes, Albério Antonio de Barros. "Epidemiologia da raiva: caracterização de vírus isolados de animais domésticos e silvestres do semi-árido paraibano da Região de Patos, Nordeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-14012005-104243/.
Full textIn the semiarid of the State of Paraíba there are few reports of rabies occurrence, and it is said that caprines, ovines and asinines are resistant to rabies and the use of vaccines in these species is uncommon. This work aimed to study the situation of rabies in the semiarid of Patos-PB, establishing the diagnosis in domestic and wild animals. For the study, 12 foxes (Dusicyon vetulus) were captured alive; 192 insectivorous bats (Molossus molossus), captured at the "Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural-CSTR", of the "Universidade Federal de Campina Grande-UFCG", Patos-PB; and 8 bats (M. molossus) sent by residents of the city of Patos. Captured foxes were submitted to blood collection and then sacrificed using ketamine and T-61. Other 287 foxes and 8 raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus) road-kills collected from the roads serving the Patos municipality were examined. Other 74 samples from different domestic animals sent by the Pathology section of the Veterinary Hospital of the CSTR-UFCG were also included. The wild animals, once shipped to the Virology Laboratory of the CSTR-UFCG, were necropsied and brain fragments were submitted to the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) for rabies diagnosis. Among the 581 materials, 50 (8.60%) were positive by FAT, and 47 (8.09%), confirmed by MIT. Concerned to animal species, 19/41 bovines; 12/299 foxes; 1/5 ovines; and 2/6 canines were positive for both FAT and MIT. Caprine, equine and bat samples presented discrepant results between the FAT and MIT, from 2/6 to 1/6; 3/11 to 2/11; 9/200 to 8/200, respectively. All the isolates were sent to the Rabies Laboratory of the "Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal", "Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia", "Universidade de São Paulo-FMVZ-USP", for extraction of nucleic materials, to perform the antigenic and genetic typing. Antigenic and genetic typing based on M1 gene was conducted at the Canadian Food and Inspection Agency, Fallowfield, Otawa, Canada, sponsored by the IICA Inter-American Institutes for Cooperation on Agriculture. The genetic characterization of the N gene and the phylogenetic analyses were made at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama, Tokyo, by the researchers of the College of Bioresources Sciences, Nihon University, Kanagawa, Japan. The biologic behavior of the isolates was studied in mice through intracerebral inoculation by registering the incubation and the clinical periods at its first passage. The biologic behavior of a fox isolate was assessed in caprines and ovines, by experimental inoculation through intramuscular route. The same isolate was used for the challenge of asinines and equines that had been vaccinated with a commercially available inactivated virus vaccine. The vaccinated animals showed measurable levels of neutralizing antirabies antibodies and the results of challenge indicated the efficacy of this vaccine against the fox isolate. According to the results of antigenic and genetic typing, it can be concluded that in the region, the epidemiology of rabies is complex, revealing the existence of virus variants maintained in populations of domestic dogs, foxes and hematophagous and insectivorous bats.
Appolinário, Camila Michele. "Eficácia pós-expositiva de RNAs de Interferência (siRNAs) e Ribavirina em camundongos infectados com o vírus rábico de origem canina /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/98332.
Full textBanca: Paulo Eduardo Brandão
Banca: Hélio Langoni
Resumo: O tratamento pós-expositivo da raiva é a principal medida para evitar o desenvolvimento da doença, e baseia-se na aplicação da vacina anti-rábica associada ou não ao soro anti-rábico, em número de doses variáveis de acordo com o tipo de exposição. Protocolos terapêuticos utilizando drogas antivirais vêm sendo aplicados em seres humanos, com resultados positivos e negativos, gerando dúvidas quanto à eficácia. A possibilidade de utilização de RNA de interferência (siRNA) e da ribavirina, associado ou não ao Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) no tratamento pós expositivo da raiva experimental em camundongos, representa uma nova perspectiva. Camundongos C57BL6 foram inoculados com uma amostra de rua de vírus rábico proveniente de cão, separados em diferentes grupos e diferentes protocolos terapêuticos, sendo estes administrados 24 horas após a inoculação viral. De cada grupo, oito animais foram separados para observação durante um período de 30 dias sendo os demais sacrificados cinco e dez dias após a inoculação. O cérebro dos animais sacrificados foi coletado e RT-PCR em Tempo Real foi realizada para a detecção e quantificação do gene N do vírus rábico e avaliação da expressão de genes relacionados a resposta imune. Tanto a ribavirina como o siRNA, isoladamente ou associados ao DMSO não demonstraram diferença estatística significante relacionada à letalidade, no entanto, os grupos tratados com ribavirina demonstraram maior percentagem de letalidade e sintomatologia clínica mais severa. Nos animais não inoculados e tratados com a ribavirina, houve um estímulo transitório da resposta imune inata, no entanto, quando associado ao virus rábico este aumento da resposta imune não foi observado. No grupo tratado com siRNA o período de evolução da doença foi mais prolongado quando comparado ao dos demais grupos, sugerindo uma atividade antiviral parcial... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Rabies post-exposition treatment is the main measure to prevent disease development, and is based on the use of anti-rabies vaccine with or without anti-rabies serum, in a number of doses varying according to the exposure type. Therapeutic protocols using antiviral drugs have been applied in humans, with positive and negative results, raising doubts about effectiveness. The possibility of using RNA interference (siRNA) and ribavirin, with or without Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in post exposure treatment of experimental rabies in mice represents in rabies treatment. C57BL6 mice were inoculated with street dog rabies virus, and then separated into different groups and received different post-exposure treatment, wich were administered 24 hours after the inoculation. In each group, eight animals were separated for 30 days of observation and the ramaining sacrificied five and ten days after inoculation. Brains of the sacrificed animals were collected and RT-Real-Time PCR was performed for detection and quantification of the N gene of rabies virus, and for evaluation of the expression of immune response related genes. Both ribavirin and siRNA, alone or associated with DMSO showed no statistically significant differences related to mortality, however, the groups treated with ribavirin showed a greater percentage of mortality and more severe clinical symptoms. In animals not inoculated and treated with ribavirin, there was a transient stimulation of the innate immune response, however, when associated to rabies virus such increase in immune response was not observed. In the group treated with siRNA the period of the disease was more prolonged when compared to the other groups, suggesting a partial antiviral activity with this therapy. The results of ribavirin "in vivo" were evaluated "in vitro in fibroblasts and neuroblastoma cells demonstrating a cell type-dependent efficacy
Mestre
Finnegan, Christopher John. "The pathogenesis of rabies and rabies-related viruses." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497871.
Full textSilva, Camila Sloboda Pacheco da. "Desenvolvimento de vacina anti-rábica oral testada em camundongos = Development of an oral rabies vaccine tested in mice / Camila Sloboda Pacheco da Silva ; orientador, Rüdiger Daniel Ollhoff." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2011. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2234.
Full textInclui bibliografias
A raiva permanece como uma doenca preocupante para medicos e veterinários devido aos expressivos prejuizos e perdas que ela acarreta. O estudo continuado da raiva, focando em seus metodos profilaticos e em especial no desenvolvimento de novos metodos vaci
Rabies remains a preoccupying disease in human and animal medicine due to the expressive losses that it causes. The continued study of rabies, concentrating on its prophylactic methods, specifically in the development of new vaccine methods becomes essent
Brito, Cristina de Jesus Câmara. "Caracterização biológica, antigência e genética de amostras de vírus da raiva isoladas de animais domésticos e de seres humanos no Estado do Maranhão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-23042009-152205/.
Full textFifty four rabies virus samples isolated from different animal species and humans, diagnosed positive by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test (dFA) and mouse inoculation test (MIT) in the State of Maranhão were selected for an epidemiologic study. In the retest, all these samples were dFA-positive, but 19 were negative by the MIT. The biologic behavior of these samples was assessed in mice by intracerebral inoculation and the incubation period was between 7 and 17 days, showing varied clinical signs with an average duration of 4 days. For the evaluation of the pathogenicity, five rabies viruses isolated from different species were selected, and used as the challenge viruses to be inoculated into mice been vaccinated previously with an inactivated commercial rabies vaccine. The results of the challenge experiments indicated low protection of the vaccine against the challenge viruses. The presence of rabies antibody was demonstrated in the sera of vaccinated mice taken at different intervals after vaccination. The antigenic typing was performed in four samples by using the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFI) with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) provided by the Canadian Food and Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Canada, and the profile identified was closely related to that of the Desmodus rotundus vampire bat. The genetic characterization based on genes coding the glycoprotein G and nucleoprotein N genes indicated that isolates were divided into two independent genetic groups associated to distinct endemic cycles. With the results obtained, we conclude that in the State of Maranhão there are circulating at least two distinct variants of rabies viruses, maintained by terrestrial carnivores and vampire bats. Regional variation among the isolates taken from different geographic areas has been found. And the rabies virus isolates grouped into clades were associated with unusual host species and no temporal variation was observed among the isolates.
Bassuino, Daniele Mariath. "Caracterização histológica, imuno-histoquímica e mapeamento de lesões da raiva em medula espinhal de bovinos e equinos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/115191.
Full textRabies is a zoonotic disease caused by an enveloped ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus, highly neurotropic, from the Rhabdoviridae family, Lyssavirus genus. This thesis identified and mapped the lesions caused by the rabies virus in the spinal cord of cattle and horses. The samples were obtained within the period from January 2013 to November 2014 from necropsies carried out by the Setor de Patologia Veterinária of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (SPV-UFRGS). We selected the thirty three animals (26 cattle and seven horses) that presented neurological syndrome and diagnosis of rabies. Samples from the brain and spinal cord were collected and routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The IHC was carried out at the spinal cord of all the animals, with a polyclonal anti-rabid virus as primary antibody. The spinal cord was sectioned at the cervical (C), cervical intumescence (CI), thoracic (T), lumbar (L), lumbar intumescence (LI) and sacral (S) portions to be evaluated. The descriptive statistics of this work was performed using the IBM SPSS Statistic 18® software and an index of the severity observed in the lesions was created based on the grades of the lesions and later divided by the total number of animals of each species. The index grouped cuffs of perivascular inflammatory cells, microgliosis and neuronophagia. Then, separately analyzed the presence of gitter cells and their IHC intensity. To evaluate the relative risk between the presence or absence of lesions between the encephalon and the spinal cord the exact Fisher test was carried out with 5% of significance level runned with the Epi Info™ 7.1.4 software. All the cases were positive for the IHC. At the DIF two horses (28.5%) and 20 cattle (76.9%) were positive. To all the samples negative to DIF, the test of inoculation was applied resulting in all horses and five cattle negative, and one cattle positive. Under the HE evaluating of the spinal cord, all the animals presented histologic lesions. In the horses, the inflammatory lesions were discrete in the C and IC sections; moderate in T, L and S; and accentuated in LI. Gitter cells were discretely present in the C, CI and T sections; moderate in L and S; and accentuated in LI. IHC of the spinal cord fragments varied from moderated to accentuate. The inflammatory lesions from cattle samples were moderate in all of the spinal cord sections. Differently from the observed in horses, gitter cells were predominantly discrete. The IHC staining was accentuated and homogenous in all spinal cord sections. In the horses lesions in the T section were frequently observed; however, IHC staining revealed discrete variation between the sections. The lesions distribution from cattle samples highlighted variation only in the issue concerning malacia, which was frequently demonstrated in the L, LI and S sections. The Fisher test identified that the gathering of horses spinal cords allows a 3.5 times higher chance of detection of rabies lesions than when the individual analysis of the brain is made.
Wasniewski, Marine. "Apport des outils de détection de l’immunité adaptés au contexte épidémiologique pour le contrôle et la surveillance de la rage animale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1093.
Full textRabies is a deadly zoonosis that can affect wild and domestic mammals as much as humans. About 70,000 human deaths are reported each year, mostly in children from developing countries. Dogs, which are the major reservoir and source of the RABV species, account for 98-99% of these deaths. Currently, fourteen species of Lyssavirus, mainly circulating in chiroptera, are officially recognized. Vaccination, combined with sanitary measures, remains the best tool for preventing and controlling the disease. To date, only serology has allowed to control the effectiveness of rabies vaccination, as the production of neutralizing antibodies is the first evidence of protective immunity. Studies based on viral seroneutralisation, including my own studies, have highlighted the influence of various factors. Some of them have led to recommend modifications of vaccine protocols. They also contributed to monitor the effectiveness of individual or group vaccination field programmes and to improve these programmes. Seroneutralisation tests are also used in the context of the epidemiological surveillance of unvaccinated animal populations. I first successfully adapted these tests to lyssaviruses of interest in France. In a second step, their implementation in chiropters in France provided information on the circulation of EBLV-1 and EBLV-2 species, (only on a serological basis for the latter). This survey also allowed to highlight, within a specific colony, a phenomenon of serological transition over time, which should deserve to be studied further. However, seroneutralisation tests are difficult to be implemented in countries where rabies is very prevalent, mainly because of limited resources. My work, which recommends the use of an ELISA test as an alternative method, contributed to questioning the dogma of the necessary use of seroneutralisation tests. This test, coupled with a blood sampling system adapted to the field, should improve the monitoring of the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns for both wildlife and domestic animals, including in enzootic countries, where the quality of the blood samples cannot be guaranteed. Humoral immune response assessment tools are very valuable tools for the control and surveillance of animal rabies all around the world. My work, complementary to those carried out by other teams, has helped to make the priority objective of international organizations possible, i.e. the eradication of canine rabies in the world by 2030. However, further works are needed to improve the available tools and to propose more adapted ones, in order to achieve all the goals of eradication, for both canine and sylvatic rabies
Batista, Fabiana Regina Xavier. "Formulação de meio de cultura livre de proteinas animais para celulas de Drosophila melanogaster produtoras da glicoproteina G do virus da raiva." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266772.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica
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Resumo: Células embrionárias de dípteros como as de Drosophila melanogaster S2 estão sendo utilizadas com sucesso na expressão de diversas proteínas recombinantes. Em comparação a células de mamíferos, este sistema de expressão mostra-se capaz de realizar modificações pós-tradução na complexidade requerida, apresentando maior facilidade de cultivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi formular um meio de cultura livre de soro e de outras fontes de proteínas de origem animal, que proporcionasse o crescimento de células S2, aplicável a linhagens transfectadas (S2AcGPV2) produtoras da glicoproteína G do vírus da raiva (GPV). Para tal, foi empregado o meio basal IPL-41 e avaliados os efeitos das concentrações de glicose, frutose, lactose, glutamina, metionina e tirosina, do hidrolisado de leveduras yeastolate, do agente Pluronic F68, assim como de uma emulsão lipídica, sobre a concentração de células viáveis e a viabilidade celular. Em adição, foram avaliadas a velocidade específica de crescimento, a produtividade celular e a produção de GPV nas formulações testadas. Os ensaios foram realizados primeiramente em frascos do tipo schott, e, após a obtenção da formulação do meio de cultura mais adequada, realizaram-se ensaios cinéticos, em maior escala, em frascos do tipo spinner, nos quais se pode estudar a influência da concentração de oxigênio dissolvido e do pH no cultivo. Durante o estudo foram empregados dois modos de operação de cultivo, batelada e batelada alimentada. Nos estudos enfocando a formulação do meio de cultura, verificou-se que o meio IPL-41 suplementado com 10 g/L de glicose, 0,5 g/L de frutose, 2 g/L de lactose, 3,5 g/L de glutamina, 0,6 g/L de tirosina, 1,48 g/L de metionina, 6 g/L de yeastolate, 1 % de emulsão lipídica e 0,05 % de Pluronic F68 mostrou-se como o mais adequado para a obtenção de elevadas concentrações celulares (superiores a 300 x 105 células/mL). Com esta formulação, foram realizados os ensaios em frascos spinner, no sistema Cellferm-pro®. Neste sistema as células S2AcGPV2 atingiram a maior concentração (368 x105 células/mL) e o maior teor de GPV (9,39 ng/106 células) quando mantidas na concentração de 40 % de oxigênio dissolvido e pH 6,3. A avaliação do metabolismo celular mostrou que asparagina, serina, prolina, glutamina, glicose e a maltose foram os principais nutrientes consumidos e que alanina, lactato e amônia foram os principais metabólitos produzidos
Abstract: Drosophila melanogaster Schneider 2 cells have been used with success to produce several recombinant proteins. This expression system presents several advantages when compared with mammalian cells expression system, and usually provide an adequate postradutional protein processing, being easier to culture. The aim of this work was to produce an animal component-free medium for S2 cells growth, and also for transfected cells (S2AcGPV2) producing the G glycoprotein from rabies virus (GPV). The basal IPL-41 medium was used and the effects of supplements glucose, fructose, lactose, glutamine, methionine, tyrosine, yeastolate ultrafiltrate, Pluronic F68 and lipid emulsion on viable cell concentration and cellular viability were evaluated. In addition, the cell specific growth rate, cellular productivity and GPV production were analyzed in the formulations studied. The experiments were carried out in schott flasks, as well as in spinner flasks. The effects of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH were evaluated in spinner flasks. During the study, batch and fed- batch mode operation were used. In the studies focusing media formulation developed, IPL-41 supplemented with 10 g/L of glucose, 0.5 g/L of fructose, 2 g/L of lactose, 3.5 g/L of glutamine, 0.6 g/L of tyrosine, 1.48 g/L of methionine, 6 g/L of yeastolate, 1 % of lipid emulsion and 0.05 % of Pluronic F68 provided high cell density (above 300 x105 cells/mL). In the experiments performed in spinner flasks, using the Cellferm-pro® system, S2AcGPV2 cells reached the highest cell concentration (368 x105 cells/mL) and protein content (9.39 ng/106 cells), at 40 % of dissolved oxygen concentration and pH of 6.3. The cell metabolism shown that, amino acids as asparagine, serine, proline, glutamine, and carbohydrates as glucose and maltose were consumed. The main metabolities produced were alanine, ammonia and lactate
Doutorado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Doutor em Engenharia Química
Mollentze, Theodorus Bernardus. "Epidemiological modeling of rabies transmission pathways in dog rabies endemic KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79783.
Full textDissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
National Research Foundation of South Africa
Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF)
Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom
University of Pretoria
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
MSc
Unrestricted
Budaszewski, Renata da Fontoura. "Estudos sobre vacinologia e evolução do vírus da cinomose canina." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/163434.
Full textCanine distemper virus (CDV) is an important pathogen of domestic dogs and wild carnivores. CDV infection is globally relevant and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In several countries, distemper is considered controlled by vaccination, however, in Brazil it is still endemic, mainly due to the large number of non-domiciliated animals. In addition, outbreaks in dogs and various species of wild animals occur frequently, decimating threatened populations. Live attenuated vaccines are safe for dogs, but their use is not advised in species that are highly susceptible to CDV infection. Also, reports of canine distemper in supposedly vaccinated dogs raise the hypothesis that commercially available vaccines may not be effective against some wild type strains. In order to investigate the mechanisms of CDV evolution and to develop and assess the efficacy of an inactivated bivalent vaccine against rabies virus and CDV, this thesis will be presented in the form of two scientific papers. Furthermore, a review article on the animal models used to gain information on measles virus using CDV infection in ferrets and dogs has been published and will be presented in this thesis. In the first paper, the occurrence of homologous recombination in CDV genomes was analyzed and eight possible recombinant viruses were detected, including a recombination event between a wild type strain and an attenuated vaccine strain, suggesting that the use vaccines based on attenuated live virus may influence CDV evolution. In the second study, an inactivated bivalent recombinant vaccine based on RABV expressing CDV envelope glycoproteins, hemagglutinin and fusion protein, proved to be effective in protecting against CDV infection in ferrets when using a prime/boost protocol. Finally, a literature review was published on the animal models used to obtain information on the pathogenesis of measles virus using infection with canine distemper virus.
Ghanem, Alexander. "Innovations in rabies virus rescue." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-183116.
Full textOgbebor, Omokhaye P. "Studies on rabies virus polymorphism." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6079.
Full textFerrari, João José de Freitas. "Cobertura e uso do solo e sua influência na ocorrência de raiva nos municípios de Jacareí e Santa Branca, Vale do Paraíba, Estado de São Paulo, entre 2002 e 2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-11112010-112255/.
Full textObjective: This study was carried out during the period of 2002-2009, with the purpose to verify whether the changes in types of land cover and in land use can influence the occurrence of rabies in Jacareí and Santa Branca, situated in the Vale do Paraíba, State of São Paulo, southeastern brazil. Methods: The tool used to evaluate these alterations was the remote sensing through images of satellite land-sat. In order to search for the presence of rabies virus, brain materials were collected from wild animals roadkilled in highways, bats found in the urban area in suspicious attitude, desmodus rotundus hematophagous bats captured in rural areas and farm animals of economic importance (aei) dead with suspect of rabies. For rabies diagnosis, specimens of central nervous system (cns) of these animals were sent to the Pasteur Institute of São Paulo (IP-SP) - national reference laboratory and to the laboratory of animal Paulista Agency for Agribusiness Technology (APTA) - Polo Valley Regional of Paraíba (PRDTA / VP), in Pindamonhangaba, state of SP. The presence of viral antigen was determined by the direct fluorescent antibody technique (D-FAT) and the isolation of the virus by means of intracerebal mouse inoculation test (MIT). The brain suspensions were submitted to reverse transcriptase. Polymerase chain reaction to check the presence of rabies virus. Results: In the period of study, 10 positive cases were detected, being 3 in insectivorous bats in the urbane zone of jacareí, and 7 in aei, being 2 in jacareí and 5 in santa branca. All the terrestrial wild animals examined were negative for the presence of rabies virus in all tests performed (d-fat, mit, and rt-pcr). The materials from bats were found negative for the d-fat and mit, however, three samples originating from insectivorous bats turned out to be positive for rt-pcr. The positive samples from aei were positive for all tests carried out. The genetic sequencing of the g gene of eight rt-pcr positive rabies virus isolates derived from aie, five corresponded to the desmodus rotundus lineage and the three bat isolates were related to lineages of nyctinomops laticaudatus and tadarida brasiliensis. When land coverage and its use were analyzed, considering the municipalities, it was found that no significant changes occurred between 2002 and 2009. Then buffers of 3 km in radius were chosen taking as the center of each buffer the geographical coordinates of positive rabies cases. Since in two situations there was superposition between areas of buffers, it was resolved to consider the junction area of the buffers. Even in these buffers there was no significant change, despite the occurrence of the disease. Conclusion: it was concluded that the disease has occurred even without any apparent changes in the region, due to the (micro) scale used in this study. Probably, in a macro scale, other results might be obtained
Kimura, Leda Maria Silva. "Epidemiologia molecular de vírus da raiva em mamíferos domésticos e silvestres do Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2006. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/8230.
Full textA raiva é uma das doenças mais temidas entre as diferentes zoonoses que ameaçam o Homem, pois evolui sempre para o êxito letal, sendo, na prática, sua morbidade igual à mortalidade. Acrescem-se ainda os prejuízos econômicos, causados ao rebanho bovino nos focos de raiva epizoótica, seu impacto geral na economia pecuária, reduzindo a produção de leite e carne, e suas implicações na área de Saúde Pública. Através da utilização de técnicas clássicas e moleculares, o presente estudo, visou estudar a diversidade molecular das amostras de vírus da raiva provenientes de animais domésticos e silvestres que atualmente são identificadas nas diferentes regiões do Brasil (Norte, Nordeste, Sudeste, Sul e Centro-Oeste), comparando-as entre si e entre amostras originárias de um município do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Porciúncula), com base em seqüenciamento do gene codificador da nucleoproteína. A técnica de RT-PCR foi aplicada em 32 amostras de tecido nervoso oriundo de animais suspeitos de estarem acometidos pela raiva, demonstrando 100% de concordância com os resultados apresentados pelas provas clássicas, permitindo diagnóstico positivo inclusive em amostras que se apresentam em estado de putrefação. Treze das amostras de vírus isoladas foram parcialmente seqüenciadas, tendo sido encontrado formação dos principais grupos esperados de amostras de vírus da raiva, ou seja, variante antigênica 2,3, amostras fixas e variante de vírus de raiva de sagüi. Foi evidenciado, ainda, um padrão regional de distribuição de vírus da raiva associado à variante antigênica 3. A obtenção de dados derivados do seqüenciamento vem a permitir um melhor entendimento da diversidade molecular das amostras de vírus da raiva circulantes nas regiões em estudo, representando um passo fundamental para a geração de informações a serem utilizadas na epidemiologia molecular da raiva, determinando fontes de infecção, origens de surtos e relações genéticas geográficas entre os vírus da raiva detectados a partir de diferentes espécies animais.
Rabies is one of the most feared zoonosis, once it always results in the death of the affected patient, what makes rabies morbidity equal to its mortality. Furthermore, economic losses due to rabies epidemics in cattle, the economic impact in agrobusiness derived from decreased milk and meat production and implications in public health must also to be taken into account. Using classic and traditional techniques, the present research aimed to study the molecular diversity of rabies virus strains from domestic and wild animals that circulate in different Brazilian regions (North, Northeastern, Southeastern, South and Center-Western) comparing the strains amongst them and with strains from a municipality from Rio de Janeiro State (Porciúncula) based on the gene coding for the nucleoprotein. The RT-PCR was applied to 32 samples of central nervous system tissue of rabies-suspected animals, showing an agreement of 100% with the classic tests, allowing a positive diagnosis even in decomposed samples. Thirteen out of these 32 samples were submitted to partial sequencing resulting in the expected groups of rabies virus variants, i. e., antigenic variants 2, 3, fixed strains and marmoset strains. A regional pattern was found regarding the variant 3 of rabies virus. Data obtained from DNA sequencing allow a better understanding of the molecular diversity of the rabies virus strains circulating in the regions under study, a fundamental step for the generation of information to be used in the molecular epidemiology of rabies, as the determination of sources of infection, origins of outbreaks and phylogeographic relationships among rabies virus strains from different species.