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Journal articles on the topic 'Raccoon dog in literature'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Popova, Elitsa, and Diana Zlatanova. "The invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides, gray) – an update of its distribution on the Balkans." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 19, no. 2 (2017): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2017-0015.

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Abstract The raccoon dog, which lives especially near water and is rare in areas with low humidity, has been spreading throughout Europe since its introduction to Western Russia in the beginning of the 20th century. Official accounts of its distribution in Europe are often inaccurate due to scarce data. A literature search was conducted to identify records of the raccoon dog in the Balkans. More than 60 records were identified, including ones unlisted by the cited source from central and western Bulgaria, southern Serbia, Macedonia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Greece. The raccoon dog can be found on the Balkans either along the Danube (which is a major corridor for its invasion) or along its tributaries, which might represent secondary invasion pathways.

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2

Martynova, Victoria Vladimirovna. "Some aspects of raccoon dog’s (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834) food behavior in depend on depth of snow cover on the floodplain territory of national park «Samarskaya Luka»." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2016): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162108.

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The raccoon dog, which is inhabit the territory of national park Samarskaya Luka, considered an invasive species with the high ecological plasticity. It has been acclimatized successfully and still continues to expand its range. Taking into account this fact, it is particularly relevant to reveal some aspects of its behavior. The important point is the adaptation of the species in the conditions of anthropogenic press, which are observed in the national parks territory. The studies was carried out on the riparian territories of the national park Samarskaya Luka (village Mordovo and village Malaya Ryazan), because the raccoon dog tends to inhabit the floodplain areas, river banks, islands and channels, and avoid large open fields. The research object is the raccoon dogs population on riparian territories of the national park. The study was carried out by detailed winter footprints tracking method. The article presents data on the weather's severity conditions, Bodman index was calculated for the areas of tracking in the study period. The data compared detailed winter tracking in the snowy (2012) and snowless (2013) research period materials are presented. The obtained data illustrate differences in research, food and food searching behavioral activity of raccoon dogs males and females depending on the depth of the snow cover and weather conditions. The results are consistent with the literature data on the weather's severity in the Samara region and changes of canids behaviors in different seasons. The data obtained can be used by staff of specially protected natural areas, forestry and hunting organizations for introduced species population monitoring.

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3

Šuláková, Hana. "Diet composition of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and badger (Meles meles) in Czech Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010081.

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Diets of the raccoon dog and badger were studied in the Landscape Protected Area (LPA) Litovelské Pomoraví from 2000 to 2001 by collecting faeces from latrines during March – December every year. The relative volume and frequency occurrence of each food item in the feaces were calculated. Vertebrates and invertebrates constituted the bulk of the raccoon dog diet, while plants and invertebrates were most frequently eaten by the badger. Insecta and Rodentia were important to the raccoon dog, but it also consumed other food items. The raccoon dog was more omnivorous that the badger. Badger fed very frequently on plant material, raccoon dog, instead, frequently ate insects, especially beetles. In conclusion, the diet of the raccoon dog overlaps largely with that of badger, and some competition for food may occur between these species in the LPA Litovelské Pomoraví; however, their preferred food sources differ to some extent, which helps them to avoid competition.

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4

Nie, Wenhui, Jinhuan Wang, Polina Perelman, Alexander S. Graphodatsky, and Fengtang Yang. "Comparative chromosome painting defines the karyotypic relationships among the domestic dog, Chinese raccoon dog and Japanese raccoon dog." Chromosome Research 11, no. 8 (2003): 735–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:chro.0000005760.03266.29.

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5

Nummi, Petri, Veli-Matti Vaananen, Antti-Juhani Pekkarinen, et al. "Alien predation in wetlands – the Raccoon Dog and water birds breeding success." BALTIC FORESTRY 25, no. 2 (2019): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46490/vol25iss2pp228.

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Alien predators are known to potentially strongly affect their prey populations. We studied the impact of raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) on waterbird breeding success in eight semi-urban wetlands in Finland. We manipulated raccoon dog density in two wetlands by removing individuals (2002 protection year, 2003 and 2004 removal years). We additionally performed nest predation experiments. We monitored raccoon dog density, estimated hunting bag size and observed waterbird breeding success. Our hypothesis predicts that the omnivorous raccoon dog plays a role in waterbird breeding success by depredating nests. Our experiments shown that the raccoon dog hunting bag in eutrophic wetlands may be large, as we removed 8.6–20.0 animals per km2. Both our nest predation experiment and field data indicated that raccoon dogs affect the breeding success of waterbirds. We found a significant relationship between raccoon dog density index and predation rate of the artificial nests, but not between red fox (Vulpes vulpes) density and predation on artificial nests. We did not find an association between raccoon dog abundance and the breeding success of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and great crested grebes (Podiceps cristatus). However, our study shows that birds species with different breeding strategies – e.g. great crested grebe, mute swan (Cygnus olor), mallard, Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope), coot (Fulica atra), lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) – when considered together showed higher breeding success both in 2003 and 2004 when compared to breeding success before removal. There was, however, variation in how strongly the species responded to raccoon dog removal. Our results indicate that the removal of alien raccoon dogs can be an important tool in wetland management. Keywords: ducks, invasive species, lapwing, nest predation experiment, Nyctereutes procyonoides, predator removal

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6

Mäkinen, Auli. "Exceptional karyotype in a raccoon dog." Hereditas 78, no. 1 (2009): 150–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01438.x.

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7

Kowalczyk, R., B. Jędrzejewska, A. Zalewski, and W. Jędrzejewski. "Facilitative interactions between the Eurasian badger (Meles meles), the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), and the invasive raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland." Canadian Journal of Zoology 86, no. 12 (2008): 1389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z08-127.

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Based on radio-tracking of Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles (L., 1758)), red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)), and raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834)) and observations at burrows conducted in Białowieża Primeval Forest (eastern Poland) in 1996–2002, we addressed the hypothesis that facilitative interactions between a native (badger) and an alien (raccoon dog) species contributed to the invasion success of the latter. In winter, 88% of badger setts were occupied by both badgers and raccoon dogs, 4% by badgers and red foxes, and 4% by all three species. In summer, only 20% of badger setts were cohabited by other carnivore species (10% by raccoon dogs and 10% by foxes). Duration of occupation of badger setts by raccoon dogs averaged 117 days (SE = 21 days). Seasonal variation in raccoon dog use of badger setts was explained by changes in ambient temperature: the lower was the temperature, the higher was the rate of sett occupation by raccoon dogs. When wintering in the same sett, badgers and raccoon dogs used different parts of the sett. We conclude that facilitation by badgers (through habitat amelioration and refuge from cold and predation) makes the realized niche of raccoon dogs larger than predicted from their fundamental niche. The facilitating role of badger is stronger in winter, which is a critical period for raccoon dog survival in the temperate and boreal zone.

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8

Liu, Jinhua, Yanyu Shi, Siying Teng, Lianpeng Wu, and Xinmin Zhang. "Establishment and Evaluation of a Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detection of Raccoon Dog in Meat Mixtures." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9319035.

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Raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is an economically important animal used for fur production, but consuming its meat is injurious to human health. Currently, no rapid and sensitive method for detecting raccoon dog meat in meat mixtures is available. In this study, we developed an easily applicable, rapid, and economically feasible method for identifying the presence of raccoon dog in meat mixtures based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). Four sets of LAMP primers were tested at different temperatures, and the primers that worked best at 62°C (set 2) were determined. In the LAMP assay, there was no cross-reactivity with the meat procured from other species of animals and the detection limit of DNA concentration was 0.1 pg·μL−1, slightly higher than TaqMan real-time PCR (0.01 pg·μL−1), but sensitivity of 0.1 pg·μL−1 complies with most requirements of routine analysis. Moreover, by the LAMP method, the meat mixtures containing more than 0.5% of the raccoon dog component were directly detected (without DNA extraction) in the supernatant isolated from the meat mixtures after performing repeated cycles of thawing and freezing of minced meat mixtures. Our results show that LAMP assay is a valuable, straightforward, and sensitive detection tool for identification of raccoon dog meat in mixtures.

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9

WADA, Emiko, Akinori SHIMADA, Takehito MORITA, and Masaaki YAO. "Traumatic Shock in a Wild Raccoon Dog." Japanese Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 11, no. 2 (2006): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5686/jjzwm.11.99.

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10

Helle, E., and K. Kauhala. "Reproduction in the Raccoon Dog in Finland." Journal of Mammalogy 76, no. 4 (1995): 1036–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1382597.

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11

Kauhala, Kaarina, and Rafal Kowalczyk. "Invasion of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe: History of colonization, features behind its success, and threats to native fauna." Current Zoology 57, no. 5 (2011): 584–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/57.5.584.

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Abstract We aimed to review the history of the introduction and colonization of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Europe, the features behind its successful expansion and its impact on native fauna. The raccoon dog quickly colonized new areas after being introduced to the European part of the former Soviet Union. Today it is widespread in Northern and Eastern Europe and is still spreading in Central Europe. Features behind its success include its adaptability, high reproductive potential, omnivory, hibernation in northern areas, multiple introductions with &gt; 9000 individuals from different localities, and tendency to wander enabling gene flow between populations. Firm evidence of the raccoon dog’s negative impact on native fauna, such as a reduction in bird populations, is still scarce. Raccoon dogs may destroy waterfowl nests, although a nest predation study in Latvia did not confirm this. Predator removal studies in Finland suggested that the raccoon dog’s impact on game birds is smaller than expected. However, raccoon dogs may have caused local extinction of frog populations, especially on islands. Raccoon dogs may compete with other carnivores for food, for example for carrion in winter, or for the best habitat patches. In northern Europe potential competitors include the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the badger Meles meles, but studies of their diets or habitat preferences do not indicate severe competition. The raccoon dog is an important vector of diseases and parasites, such as rabies, Echinococcus multilocularis and Trichinella spp. and this is no doubt the most severe consequence arising from the spread of this alien species in Europe.

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12

Xu, Lili, Yanfang Zhang, Yun Liu, et al. "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from raccoon dog can serve as an efficient receptor for the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus." Journal of General Virology 90, no. 11 (2009): 2695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.013490-0.

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Raccoon dog is one of the suspected intermediate hosts of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). In this study, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) gene of raccoon dog (rdACE2) was cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence of rdACE2 has identities of 99.3, 89.2, 83.9 and 80.4 % to ACE2 proteins from dog, masked palm civet (pcACE2), human (huACE2) and bat, respectively. There are six amino acid changes in rdACE2 compared with huACE2, and four changes compared with pcACE2, within the 18 residues of ACE2 known to make direct contact with the SARS-CoV S protein. A HeLa cell line stably expressing rdACE2 was established; Western blot analyses and an enzyme-activity assay indicated that the cell line expressed ACE2 at a similar level to two previously established cell lines that express ACE2 from human and masked palm civet, respectively. Human immunodeficiency virus-backboned pseudoviruses expressing spike proteins derived from human SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-like viruses of masked palm civets and raccoon dogs were tested for their entry efficiency into these cell lines. The results showed that rdACE2 is a more efficient receptor for human SARS-CoV, but not for SARS-CoV-like viruses of masked palm civets and raccoon dogs, than huACE2 or pcACE2. This study provides useful data to elucidate the role of raccoon dog in SARS outbreaks.

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13

Niiranen, Laura, Kari A. Mäkelä, Shivaprakash J. Mutt, et al. "Role of Brown and Beige Adipose Tissues in Seasonal Adaptation in the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179623.

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Brown adipose tissue (BAT) expresses uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), which enables energy to be exerted towards needed thermogenesis. Beige adipocytes are precursor cells interspersed among white adipose tissue (WAT) that possess similar UCP1 activity and capacity for thermogenesis. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid species that utilizes seasonal obesity to survive periods of food shortage in climate zones with cold winters. The potential to recruit a part of the abundant WAT storages as beige adipocytes for UCP1-dependent thermogenesis was investigated in vitro by treating raccoon dog adipocytes with different browning inducing factors. In vivo positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with the glucose analog 18F-FDG showed that BAT was not detected in the adult raccoon dog during the winter season. In addition, UCP1 expression was not changed in response to chronic treatments with browning inducing factors in adipocyte cultures. Our results demonstrated that most likely the raccoon dog endures cold weather without the induction of BAT or recruitment of beige adipocytes for heat production. Its thick fur coat, insulating fat, and muscle shivering seem to provide the adequate heat needed for surviving the winter.

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14

Kauhala, Kaarina, and Eero Helle. "Age determination of the raccoon dog in Finland." Acta Theriologica 35 (June 9, 1990): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.90-37.

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15

Zhang, Honghai, and Lei Chen. "The complete mitochondrial genome of the raccoon dog." Mitochondrial DNA 21, no. 3-4 (2010): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/19401736.2010.490835.

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16

WENG, Qiang, Tetsuma MURASE, Makoto ASANO, and Toshio TSUBOTA. "Male Pseudohermaphroditism in a Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procynoides)." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 67, no. 6 (2005): 603–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.67.603.

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17

Kasperek, Kornel, Beata Horecka, Andrzej Jakubczak, et al. "Analysis of Genetic Variability in Farmed and Wild Populations of Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) Using Microsatellite Sequences." Annals of Animal Science 15, no. 4 (2015): 889–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2015-0048.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to detect possible differences between farmed and wild-living raccoon dogs. Analysis of polymorphism in 15 microsatellite sequences led to the conclusion that raccoon dogs raised on Polish farms and wild raccoon dogs living in Poland are two genetically distinct groups of animals. Wild Polish raccoon dogs are genetically more similar to the population of wild animals from the Kaliningrad Region than to farmed animals. The analysis of microsatellite loci showed clear genetic differences between farmed and wild-living populations of raccoon dog, despite only 50 years of isolation of the two groups of animals. The farmed population was characterized by higher genetic variation than the wild-living population. On the basis of the analyses three microsatellite loci (INU014, Ren13J22 and Ren41D20) were proposed for determination of the origin of animals that have escaped from farms.

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18

Niiranen, Laura, Kari A. Mäkelä, Anthony Dona, et al. "Seasonal Regulation of Metabolism: The Effect of Wintertime Fasting and Autumnal Fattening on Key Central Regulators of Metabolism and the Metabolic Profile of the Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9 (2021): 4965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22094965.

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Investigations into the mechanisms regulating obesity are frantic and novel translational approaches are needed. The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a canid species representing a promising model to study metabolic regulation in a species undergoing cycles of seasonal obesity and fasting. To understand the molecular mechanisms of metabolic regulation in seasonal adaptation, we analyzed key central nervous system and peripheral signals regulating food intake and metabolism from raccoon dogs after autumnal fattening and winter fasting. Expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin-2 receptor (OX2R), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and leptin receptor (ObRb) were analyzed as examples of orexigenic and anorexigenic signals using qRT-PCR from raccoon dog hypothalamus samples. Plasma metabolic profiles were measured with 1H NMR-spectroscopy and LC-MS. Circulating hormones and cytokines were determined with canine specific antibody assays. Surprisingly, NPY and POMC were not affected by the winter fasting nor autumn fattening and the metabolic profiles showed a remarkable equilibrium, indicating conserved homeostasis. However, OX2R and ObRb expression changes suggested seasonal regulation. Circulating cytokine levels were not increased, demonstrating that the autumn fattening did not induce subacute inflammation. Thus, the raccoon dog developed seasonal regulatory mechanisms to accommodate the autumnal fattening and prolonged fasting making the species unique in coping with the extreme environmental challenges.

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Oksanen, A., E. Lindgren, and P. Tunkkari. "Epidemiology of trichinellosis in lynx in Finland." Journal of Helminthology 72, no. 1 (1998): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00000973.

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AbstractThree hundred and twenty seven European lynx (Lynx lynx) were examined forTrichinella sp. larvae using the muscle digestion method. The animals were of both sexes, various ages, and collected between 1989 and 1994 in different locations in Finland. Forty percent of them (132) were found to be infected. Infection was overdispersed, so that the majority of infected lynx only harboured small amounts of larvae, while a minority had higher densities of infection, but never significantly exceeding 40 larvae per gram of muscle (lpg). The median density of infection was 1.04 lpg. To find factors statistically associated with the risk of infection, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Male sex, increasing age, and the density of raccoon dog population in the area were all significantly associated with infection. However, the association with age was not linear and prevalence did not increase after middle age. The mean density of infection decreased slightly with age. The association with the density of the raccoon dog population leads to a tentative hypothesis that the raccoon dog might be an important reservoir of sylvatic trichinellosis in Finland.

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SHAO, X. Q., X. J. YAN, G. L. LUO, et al. "Genetic evidence for domestic raccoon dog rabies caused by Arctic-like rabies virus in Inner Mongolia, China." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 4 (2010): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810001263.

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SUMMARYAn outbreak of rabies affected domestic raccoon dogs on an animal farm in Inner Mongolia, China in 2007. A study was conducted to characterize the aetiological agent and clarify the origin of the rabies virus. Brain tissues were obtained from five rabid raccoon dogs. Viral nucleoprotein antigen was detected in the brain tissues and five rabies viruses were isolated from these rabid animals. Phylogenetic analysis of the N and G gene sequences showed that these isolates were closely related to Arctic-like rabies viruses isolated from the far-eastern region of Russia and South Korea, but distinct from the rabies viruses that are widely distributed in endemic areas in China. Epidemiological data suggested that the likely source of infection was from one wild raccoon dog that was captured and placed in the same type of pen used for domestic raccoon dogs.

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Asikainen, Juha, Anne-Mari Mustonen, Heikki Hyvärinen, and Petteri Nieminen. "Seasonal Physiology of the Wild Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)." Zoological Science 21, no. 4 (2004): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.385.

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22

Xiao, Yongjun. "Seasonal Moulting in Adult Male Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A — Animal Science 45, no. 3 (1995): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064709509415850.

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23

YIM, Soomi, Sooyoung CHOI, Jongtaek KIM, Jin-Young CHUNG, and Inchul PARK. "Atrial septal defect in a Korean wild raccoon dog." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 79, no. 10 (2017): 1712–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0217.

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Vozdova, Miluse, Svatava Kubickova, Halina Cernohorska, Jan Fröhlich, Roman Vodicka, and Jiri Rubes. "Comparative Study of the Bush Dog (Speothos venaticus) Karyotype and Analysis of Satellite DNA Sequences and Their Chromosome Distribution in Six Species of Canidae." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 159, no. 2 (2019): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000503082.

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The bush dog (Speothos venaticus, 2n = 74) is a near threatened species taxonomically classified among South American canids. We revised the bush dog karyotype and performed a comparative sequence analysis of satellite and satellite-like DNAs in 6 canids: the bush dog, domestic dog (Canis familiaris, 2n = 78), grey wolf (C. lupus, 2n = 78), Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, 2n = 54+B), red fox (Vulpes vulpes, 2n = 34+B), and arctic fox (V. lagopus, 2n = 48-50) to specify the species position among Canidae. Using FISH with painting and BAC probes, we found that the distribution of canid evolutionarily conserved chromosome segments in the bush dog karyotype is similar to that of the domestic dog and grey wolf. The bush dog karyotype differs by 2 acrocentric chromosome pairs formed by tandem fusions of the canine (29;34) and (26;35) orthologues. An interstitial signal of the telomeric probe was observed in the (26;35) fusion site in the bush dog indicating a recent evolutionary origin of this rearrangement. Sequences and hybridisation patterns of satellite DNAs were compared, and a phylogenetic tree of the 6 canid species was constructed which confirmed the bush dog position close to the wolf-like canids, and apart from the raccoon dog and foxes.

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Bugno-Poniewierska, Monika, Mariusz Wroński, Leszek Potocki, et al. "The Polymorphism of Cytogenetic Markers in the Farm and Wild-Living Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) / Polimorfizm Markerów Cytogenetycznych U Jenota (Nyctereutes Procyonoides) W Populacjach Hodowlanych I Dziko Żyjących." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 4 (2013): 701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0046.

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Abstract The raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) is a mammalian species that belongs to Canidae family, order Carnivora. This species represents both animals living in the wild and farm animals used in the fur industry. Raccoon dogs have the most ‘primitive’ karyotype among Canidae family. The Chinese raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides) is characterised by a variable number of chromosomes (2n = 54 + 0-4 B). B chromosomes are supernumerary chromosomes occurring in addition to the basic set of A chromosomes in the cells of many organisms. The function and origin of these additional chromosomes is not clear. The aim of this work was to determine possible karyotypic differences between wild-living and farm populations, using methods of classical and molecular cytogenetics. The most useful cytogenetic markers to analyse karyotype polymorphism of canine are the number of B chromosomes and nucleolar organizer regions. A variation was identified in the number of B chromosomes and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in cells between wild-living and breeding populations.

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Wada, M. Y., Y. Lim, and D. H. Wurster-Hill. "Banded karyotype of a wild-caught male Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis." Genome 34, no. 2 (1991): 302–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-049.

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Chromosomes of a wild-caught male Korean raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis) were analyzed by conventional stain, G-banding and C-banding techniques. The basic karyotype of this subspecies is composed of metacentric (M) and acrocentric (A) chromosomes plus a variable number of B chromosomes (2n = 54 (= 10M + 42A + XY or XX) + Bs) and is the same as that of the Chinese and Finnish raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides). Karyotypes of the four subspecies of Nyctereutes procyonoides investigated to date conform to one of two types, the continental and the island. All animals from mainland Asia and eastern Europe that have been examined have the continental karyotype (2n = 54 (= 10M + 42A + XY or XX) + Bs), whereas all those from the four major Japanese islands that have been examined have the island type (2n = 38 (= 26M + 10A + XY or XX) + Bs). The two karyotypes have the same fundamental number (chromosomal arm number) of 66, and complete arm homology. However, the phylogenetic and taxonomic significance of the two distinct karyotypes within this monospecific genus is still unclear.Key words: raccoon dog, Nyctereutes, chromosomes, phylogeny, taxonomy.

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Kamalova, Ekaterina Sagitovna. "Mediated communication and dependence behavioral activity of raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834) on weather conditions." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 2 (2016): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20162106.

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The raccoon dog is an invasive species in the Samara region. At present, this species is founded in the northern, north-western and western territories of the Samara region, and the most widely spread on Vasilyevsky Islands, near the Rozhdestveno village, in floodplain areas of the national park Samarskaya Luka. According to some authors data, this species may be able to be cause damage to game species, due to its impact on the number of waterfowl. In the Samara region the impact of this predator on hunting species are not mentioned, but a comprehensive study of the behavior, distribution, ecology of the species and its impact on native ecosystems are required. This article describes a study on raccoon dogs mediated communication which was carried out by detailed method of tracking animals winter footprints in the national park Samarskaya Luka in the snow season at 2009-2015. The dynamics of communicative behavior of raccoon dog at 2009-2015 is presented. One of the main factors influencing on animals behavior is a snow cover. For the detailed analysis Bodmans index of weather rigidity was applied, using data of the air temperature and wind speed. The data which show differences in behavioral activity of raccoon dogs males and females depending on the weather conditions are presented.

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NADERI, Morteza, Emrah ÇOBAN, Josip KUSAK, et al. "The first record of raccoon dog ( Nyctereutes procyonoides ) in Turkey." TURKISH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 44, no. 2 (2020): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-1910-29.

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Liu, Ye, Shoufeng Zhang, Jinghui Zhao, et al. "Fox- and raccoon-dog-associated rabies outbreaks in northern China." Virologica Sinica 29, no. 5 (2014): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12250-014-3484-0.

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Kauhala, Kaarina, and Eero Helle. "Population ecology of the raccoon dog in Finland - a synthesis." Wildlife Biology 1, no. 1 (1995): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2981/wlb.1995.004.

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Osten-Sacken, Natalia, Joanna Ziomek, Paweł Kardynia, and Ewa Zgrabczyńska. "Distribution of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in western Poland." Fragmenta Faunistica 54, no. 1 (2011): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2011.54.1.095.

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Goszczyński, Jacek. "Fox, raccoon dog and badger densities in North Eastern Poland." Acta Theriologica 44 (December 9, 1999): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.99-39.

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Łapiński, Stanisław, Joanna Bzymek, Piotr Niedbała, Łukasz Migdał, Andrzej Zoń, and Marcin Lis. "Effect of Age and Temperament Type on Reproductive Parameters of Female Raccoon Dogs (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray) / Wpływ Wieku I Temperamentu Na Parametry Rozrodcze Samic Jenota (Nyctereutes Procyonoides Gray)." Annals of Animal Science 13, no. 4 (2013): 807–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2013-0021.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between age and temperament as well as reproductive results in female raccoon dogs. The study was carried out at two raccoon dog breeding farms located in south-eastern Poland. A total of 189 foundation stock females were evaluated for temperament using a modified behavioural empathy test. Animals were classified into five temperament groups: very fearful (VF), fearful (F), confident (C), aggressive (A) and very aggressive (VA). The animals with calm temperament (C) formed the largest group (49.9%) whereas the smallest number of animals was classified as VA (5.6%). The influence of age on the temperament of raccoon dog females and the number of young born and weaned (P≤0.01) was revealed. At the same time, temperament did not affect reproductive parameters (P>0.05). Summing up, the results of this study indicate lack of correlation between temperament and reproductive parameters. It can be assumed that the elimination of aggressive animals from the foundation stock will not compromise production results and can help to facilitate handling and improve animal welfare.

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Jasiulionis, Marius, and Linas Balčiauskas. "Seasonal and daily activity patterns of mammals in the colony of great cormorants." Mammalia 85, no. 5 (2021): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2020-0042.

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Abstract Despite extreme changes of ecosystems made by breeding colonies of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo), these territories are still used by mammals. We present results of the analysis of mammal seasonal and daily activity patterns, registered by camera traps in two colonies of the great cormorants in Lithuania. Red foxes and raccoon dogs mainly visited colonies in the cormorant breeding time, April to July. In the inland colony of great cormorants in Lukštas Lake, average red fox relative shooting frequency in cormorant breeding time considerably exceeded that in non-breeding time (on average, 41.8 and 5.9 photos/100 days respectively). In the peninsular colony of great cormorants in Juodkrantė average relative shooting frequency of red fox in the breeding time was 7.8 versus 3.4 photos/100 days in non-breeding time, relative shooting frequencies of raccoon dog were 50.0 versus 1.3 photos/100 days, respectively. Daily activity patterns of wild boar and red fox in both colonies, as well as activity patterns of raccoon dog in Lukštas were related to the activity of cormorants with various degree of significance.

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Nesterchuk, S. L., E. A. Makarova, and V. A. Ostapenko. "The importance of individual animal species in rabies virus transport in the Central federal district." Veterinariya, Zootekhniya i Biotekhnologiya 1, no. 4 (2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.zoo.bio.202004002.

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The Rabies – a viral disease characterized by severe damage of the nervous system. The analysis of data from the Rospotrebnadzor for 4 years (from 2015 to 2018) on the varmint of animals with rabies in four regions of the Central Federal District with different population densities is carried out. The main carriers of rabies virus in the region are the red fox, raccoon dog, stray dogs and cats; the role of other species is not so significant and rarely exceeds 1% of the total number of animals with suspected rabies. It has been established that in areas with a low population (Tver region) the role of a raccoon dog in rabies transfer can be even more significant than red foxes. To reduce the incidence of human rabies, constant monitoring and regulation of the numbers of foxes and raccoon dogs in the wild, as well as stray dogs and cats, is highly required. Consequently, we consider the current tendency to remove stray dogs from their habitats, their sterilization and return to urbocenosis insufficient; sterilized dogs will remain a source of rabies in populated locations.

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Matysiak, A., O. Wasielewski, J. Włodarek, A. Ondrejkova, and P. Tryjanowski. "First report of ticks in the subcutaneous tissue of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides." Veterinární Medicína 63, No. 12 (2018): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/38/2018-vetmed.

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Ticks are common ectoparasites of animals; they also carry many tick-borne pathogens that are often detrimental for the health of both animals and humans. These parasites have been found in subcutaneous tissue, mainly in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), but the reason for this is unknown. In this study we report the first occurrence of the tick in an unusual location in the subcutaneous tissue of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides. The study was carried out on two adult male raccoon dogs, hunted in Western Poland. After the necropsy, one was found to have a partially decomposed tick, a female Ixodes ricinus, in the groin region.

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Kim, Hyeon Cheol, Eui Ju Hong, Si Yun Ryu, et al. "Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae) Recovered from Korean Raccoon Dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea." Korean Journal of Parasitology 59, no. 3 (2021): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.303.

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In this study, we intended to describe an unrecorded species of heterophyid trematode recovered from the small intestine of a Korean raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis, in Korea. A total of 13 small flukes were collected from a deceased Korean raccoon dog which was found in Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Korea in May 2017. The trematode body were covered with many small spines, rectangular, broader than long, 807-1,103 µm long and 1,270-1,550 µm wide. Oral sucker in the anterior end slightly smaller than acetabulum. Pharynx muscular and well developed. Esophagus relatively long and sigmoid. Acetabulum small and located at median in anterior 2/5 portion. Ceca bifurcated at the anterior of genital pore and acetabulum and terminated at testis level. Testes larger, deeply lobed and located at the near of posterior end of body. Ovary small, triangular and located at the slight left of median and the anterior of left testis. Vitelline follicles dendritic and extend from the middle level of esophagus to the posterior portion of body. Eggs embryonated, operculated, small and 33-35×15-16 µm in size. Based on the morphological characteristics, the small heterophyid flukes recovered from the small intestines of Korean raccoon dog, N. procyonoides koreensis, were identified as Euryhelmis squamula (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Accordingly, this species of heterophyid flukes is to be a new trematode fauna in Korea by this study.

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Sidorchuk, Natalia V., Michail V. Maslov, and Vyacheslav V. Rozhnov. "Role of badger setts in life of other carnivores." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 13, no. 1 (2015): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2015.13.1.04.

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A study of interspecific interactions of European (Meles meles) and Asian (M. leucurus) badgers with other carnivores at badger setts was carried out in Darwin Reserve (European part of Russia) and in Ussuriisk Reserve (Russian Far East) in 2006-2011. We used camera traps for the registration of visits of carnivore mammals to the badger setts. Overall, 11 species were recorded. In both reserves, badger setts attract carnivore species during the whole year. Some predators visit badger setts regularly. The visitors can be divided into two groups: species searching shelter, or searching prey. The first group includes raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides and red fox Vulpes vulpes. Raccoon dog was the most frequent visitor in both study areas (34 visits in Darwin reserve and 73 in Ussuriisk reserve). The second group includes lynx Lynx lynx and wolf Canis lupus in Darwin reserve and Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus, brown bear U. arctos, yellow-throated marten Martes flavigula aterrima and lynx Lynx lynx in Ussuriisk reserve. Smaller predators are also included into the second group because they can find prey at badger setts too: leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura, sable Martes zibellina and Siberian weasel Mustela sibirica in Ussuriisk reserve and European pine marten Martes martes in Darwin reserve. No cases of aggressive interactions between the badgers and the visitors were recorded. But we noted two cases of change of sett owners and one case when raccoon dog removed dead badger cubs from the sett.

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Hoffmann, Michael, Alexei Abramov, Hoang Minh Duc, et al. "The status of wild canids (Canidae, Carnivora) in Vietnam." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 8 (2019): 13951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4846.11.8.13951-13959.

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Four species of wild canids are documented as occurring in Vietnam: Dhole Cuon alpinus, Eurasian Golden Jackal Canis aureus, Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and Raccoon Dog Nyctereutes procyonoides. Except for Dhole, all species are widely distributed globally and are listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Concerned by the paucity of recent records of these species from Vietnam, especially in the context of rapidly declining mammal populations in the country in general, we undertook a review of the status of these species in Vietnam. All traceable and potentially verifiable canid records from 01 January 2002 until 31 December 2018 were collated and reviewed. The Dhole, formerly the most widely distributed of all canid species in Vietnam, and Raccoon Dog, apparently formerly widely distributed in the northern part of the country, appear to have both declined; Dhole is now either extirpated, or close to extirpation, while Raccoon Dog is of uncertain status. The Eurasian Golden Jackal does not seem to have been reliably observed in the wild since 2004, although it is possible the species may persist in some areas. Red Fox has only ever been known from a handful of records, and the current status of this species is unknown. In summary, Vietnam cannot be considered to sustain healthy populations of any of its four native wild canid species. These declines seem largely attributable to hunting of both the canids themselves and, for Dhole, their prey base, exacerbated by habitat loss. 

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BRUŽINSKAITĖ-SCHMIDHALTER, RASA, MINDAUGAS ŠARKŪNAS, ALVYDAS MALAKAUSKAS, ALEXANDER MATHIS, PAUL R. TORGERSON, and PETER DEPLAZES. "Helminths of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Lithuania." Parasitology 139, no. 1 (2011): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001715.

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SUMMARYRed foxes and raccoon dogs are hosts for a wide range of parasites including important zoonotic helminths. The raccoon dog has recently invaded into Europe from the east. The contribution of this exotic species to the epidemiology of parasitic diseases, particularly parasitic zoonoses is unknown. The helminth fauna and the abundance of helminth infections were determined in 310 carcasses of hunted red foxes and 99 of raccoon dogs from Lithuania. Both species were highly infected with Alaria alata (94·8% and 96·5% respectively) and Trichinella spp. (46·6% and 29·3%). High and significantly different prevalences in foxes and raccoon dogs were found for Eucoleus aerophilus (97·1% and 30·2% respectively), Crenosoma vulpis (53·8% and 15·1%), Capillaria plica (93·3% and 11·3%), C. putorii (29·4% and 51·5%), Toxocara canis (40·5% and 17·6%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (76·9% and 98·8%). The prevalences of the rodent-transmitted cestodes Echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia polyacantha, T. crassiceps and Mesocestoides spp. were significantly higher in foxes than in raccoon dogs. The abundances of E. multilocularis, Mesocestoides, Taenia, C. plica and E. aerophilus were higher in foxes than those in raccoon dogs. A. alata, U. stenocephala, C. putorii and Echinostomatidae had higher abundances in raccoon dogs. The difference in prevalence and abundance of helminths in both animals may reflect differences in host ecology and susceptibility. The data are consistent with red foxes playing a more important role than raccoon dogs in the transmission of E. multilocularis in Lithuania.

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Kavaliou, K. D., and D. N. Fiadotau. "AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE AND PANCREAS GROWTH IN THE RACCOON DOG INHABITING THE RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATED TERRITORY OF THE BELARUSIAN SECTOR OF THE EXCLUSION ZONE." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 1 (2021): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-1-124-128.

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The objective of the study was to determine the age-related anatomical features and patterns of growth of the pancreas of the raccoon dogs in the zone of removal of the anthropogenic load of the exclusion zone. For the research 4 age groups were used. The terminology of the described structures of the pancreas was brought into compliance with the International Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. For the first time it was found that for the raccoon dog, living in a radiation zone, the linear and weight parameters of the pancreas growth depend on age.

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Kamalova, E. S., V. V. Martynova, and M. E. Fokina. "BIOTOPE DISTRIBUTION OF RACCOON DOG ON THE TERRITORY OF SAMARA OBLAST." Tambov University Reports. Series: Natural and Technical Sciences 21, no. 5 (2016): 1763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0198-2016-21-5-1763-1769.

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43

Weber, J.-M., D. Fresard, S. Capt, and C. Noel. "First records of raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides (Gray, 1834), in Switzerland." Revue suisse de zoologie. 111 (2004): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80278.

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44

Rømer, Anna, Louise Nørgaard, Dorthe Mikkelsen, et al. "Population viability analysis of feral raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in Denmark." Archives of Biological Sciences 67, no. 1 (2015): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs140905012r.

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Näreaho, A., S. Sankari, T. Mikkonen, L. Oivanen, and A. Sukura. "Clinical features of experimental trichinellosis in the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)." Veterinary Parasitology 91, no. 1-2 (2000): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(00)00261-2.

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EMURA, Shoichi, Toshihiko OKUMURA, Huayue CHEN, and Shizuko SHOUMURA. "Morphology of the Lingual Papillae in the Raccoon Dog and Fox." Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 83, no. 3 (2006): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2535/ofaj.83.73.

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47

Kauhala, Kaarina. "Growth, size, and fat reserves of the raccoon dog in Finland." Acta Theriologica 38 (May 9, 1993): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.93-12.

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48

Kauhala, K., E. Helle, and K. Taskinen. "Home range of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) in southern Finland." Journal of Zoology 231, no. 1 (1993): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb05355.x.

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Helle, Eero, and Kaarina Kauhala. "Distribution history and present status of the raccoon dog in Finland." Ecography 14, no. 4 (1991): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1991.tb00662.x.

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AOYAGI, Takahiro, Yoshihiko SATO, Shouhei MATSUURA, and Hirohiko WADA. "Listeriosis in a Raccoon Dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) Associated with Canine Distemper." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 62, no. 6 (2000): 639–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.62.639.

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