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Parker, Matthew C., and Graham K. Hargrave. "The development of a visualisation tool for acquired motorsport data." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 230, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337115615256.
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Data acquisition and analysis are an intrinsic part of motorsport, helping a race team objectively evaluate the performance of both their car and driver. Over time, data acquisition has become almost universally employed through all levels of racing. While large teams in the sport’s highest ranks have many resources to derive answers from these data, users in more minor ‘stepping stone’ categories often find themselves unable to successfully exploit the full potential of the information gathered because of its volume and their limited resources. Further to issues associated with the volume of data, recent trends in racing have seen cuts to the time available for driver and car testing through all levels of the sport to reduce escalating competition costs. While users are faced with ever more data and less time in which to extract useful information, the tools provided by commercial analysis packages have shown little development. This article describes the investigation into a new three-dimensional graphical display method, which aims to help the user more rapidly assimilate acquired motorsport data to the race car producing it. The first two preliminary stages of development of this system are presented, demonstrating the ability of the system to operate with two levels of complexity, which might be considered to suitably represent different levels of user. Together, results from both demonstrate the system’s potential for further development as a useful tool for accelerating a race team’s analysis of acquired data.
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Li, Zhonghao, Da Wang, and Qiao Kang. "The Development of Data Acquisition System of Formula SAE Race Car Based on CAN Bus Communication Interface and Closed-Loop Design of Racing Car." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4211010.
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This paper is mainly based on the college formula race car, through the application of CAN bus communication interface settings, the layout and adjustment of the car sensors, and then carry out the data collection and analysis of the car. CAN bus is the local area network of controller and is one of the field bus which is put forward by German Bosch company and applied most widely in the world. The development of the data analysis system is mainly based on the MoTeC i2 data analysis software. MoTeC i2 data analysis software has been developed for many years under the continuous research of professional teams all over the world. According to the data analysis requirement of FSAE undergraduate Formula 1 teams, this paper introduces a series of data analysis methods closely related to FSAE, mainly including data channel research. This paper expounds the reliability, suspension, tire temperature, steering, and braking data analysis, respectively. Based on the data analysis template created by Motec i2, this paper conducts analysis and basic application according to the data of the real car, so as to meet the requirements of verifying design made by simulation model and tuning the real car scientifically. By means of wheel speed sensor, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, multichannel temperature sensor, and so on, we conduct a series of tests on 2020 season car, including endurance test, linear acceleration experiment, steady rotation, etc., evaluate the data collected, and then carry on a reasonable set-up of racing, ultimately improving lap speed.
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Marzuki, Mohammad Al Bukhari, Mohd Arzo Abu Bakar, and Mohammad Firdaus Mohammed Azmi. "DESIGNING SPACE FRAME RACE CAR CHASSIS STRUCTURE USING NATURAL FREQUENCIES DATA FROM ANSYS MODE SHAPE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Information Systems and Engineering 3, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24924/ijise/2015.11/v3.iss1/54.63.
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Le Large, Nick, Frank Bieder, and Martin Lauer. "Comparison of different SLAM approaches for a driverless race car." tm - Technisches Messen 88, no. 4 (March 26, 2021): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/teme-2021-0004.
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Abstract For the application of an automated, driverless race car, we aim to assure high map and localization quality for successful driving on previously unknown, narrow race tracks. To achieve this goal, it is essential to choose an algorithm that fulfills the requirements in terms of accuracy, computational resources and run time. We propose both a filter-based and a smoothing-based Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) algorithm and evaluate them using real-world data collected by a Formula Student Driverless race car. The accuracy is measured by comparing the SLAM-generated map to a ground truth map which was acquired using high-precision Differential GPS (DGPS) measurements. The results of the evaluation show that both algorithms meet required time constraints thanks to a parallelized architecture, with GraphSLAM draining the computational resources much faster than Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) SLAM. However, the analysis of the maps generated by the algorithms shows that GraphSLAM outperforms EKF SLAM in terms of accuracy.
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Cruickshank, Matthew, and Graham Doig. "Application of Kriging to Motorsport Aerodynamic Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 553 (May 2014): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.553.217.
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Aerodynamic analysis in motorsport is conducted using three methods, computational, scaled experimental and full-scale operational. However, the varying fidelity, different sampling resolutions and unavoidable errors of each technique make valid comparisons between datasets from each method difficult and time consuming. Kriging is a geostatistical method to estimate values within a data field by examining and applying the trends of the dataset. This research examines how such techniques can be used to aid comparison between aerodynamic measurements of a race car. It examines how kriging can be used to transform discrete measurements, of varying fidelity and sampling resolution, into semi-continuous measurements, thus allowing computational results to be compared across a wider range of conditions than initially tested. This work explores how kriging can allow the trends from highly sampled data, such as track running, to be applied to less sampled data, such as CFD to improve computational and overall aerodynamic analysis.
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Araújo, Edna Maria de, Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa, Nelson Fernandes de Oliveira, Francisco dos Santos Santana, Maurício Lima Barreto, Vijaya Hogan, and Tânia Maria de Araújo. "Spatial distribution of mortality by homicide and social inequalities according to race/skin color in an intra-urban Brazilian space." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 13, no. 4 (December 2010): 549–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-790x2010000400001.
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INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, deaths by external causes rank first in the mortality statistics. Nevertheless, studies which investigate the relationship between mortality by external causes and race/skin color are scarce. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relative contribution of race/skin color to the spatial distribution of mortality by homicide in Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, in the period 1998 - 2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a spatial aggregate study including secondary data on 5,250 subjects, using a unit of analysis called the "weighting area" (WA). Annual average death rates by homicide were estimated. The Global and Local Moran Index were used to evaluate the presence of spatial autocorrelation and the Conditional Auto Regressive (CAR) model was employed to evaluate the referred effect, using the R statistical package. RESULTS: Global and Local Moran's I tests were significant. CAR regression showed that the predicted mortality rate increases when there is a growth in the proportion of black males aged between 15 and 49 years. Geometrically weighted regression (GWR) showed a very small variation of the local coefficients for all predictors. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that the interrelation between race, violence and space is a phenomenon which results from a long process of social inequality. Understanding these interactions requires interdisciplinary efforts that contribute to advancement of knowledge that leads to more specific Public Health interventions.
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Mohammadi, Iman, Anna G. Purdum, Anny C. Wong, Amy Schroeder, Karl M. Kilgore, and Gunjan L. Shah. "Cost and Healthcare Utilization in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Real-World Analysis of Medicare Beneficiaries Receiving Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Vs. Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplants." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-134828.
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Introduction: Patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) can be treated with 3 resource intense options: autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (Auto-HCT), allogeneic HCT (Allo-HCT), or autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell (CAR T) therapy after two or more lines of systemic therapy, depending on the clinical scenario. Our aim was a comparative analysis of healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and associated costs for matched samples of Medicare patients for treatment planners, payers, and policy-makers. Methods: This study utilized a retrospective, observational cohort design. Data were derived from the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 100% Medicare Fee-for-Service (FFS) Part A and B claims data. Part D data for the study period were not yet available, so pharmacy claims for oral medications were not evaluated. Patients with DLBCL were included if they received CAR T or Auto-HCT between 10/1/2017 and 3/31/2019 or Allo-HCT between 7/1/2012 and 3/31/2019. Patients with more than 1 CAR T or HCT were excluded. The index date was the date of initiation of the procedure. To allow for evaluation of patient characteristics and treatments pre- and post-procedure, patients must have been continuously enrolled in Medicare FFS for 6 months prior to (PRE) and after (POST) the index date. Patients who died during the POST period were included. The 3 cohorts CAR T, Auto-HCT, and Allo-HCT were matched on baseline clinical characteristics using 1:1 propensity score matching with a caliper of 0.05, with Auto-HCT and Allo-HCT patients assumed to be clinically distinct populations offered at different lines of therapy and so were matched to CAR T patients separately. Due to limitations of the data, we were not able to match patients by line of therapy. Baseline characteristics were age, gender, race, census region, dual eligibility status (i.e. Medicare plus Medicaid), ECOG-PS (derived from claims using a validated, published method), Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (CCI) and recent history of DVT/PE or cytopenias. Measures of HCRU were all-cause hospitalizations, outpatient, and emergency department (ED) visits. Costs were total paid amounts. HCRU and cost data were calculated for the 6 months PRE and POST, but do not include the utilization and costs associated with the index procedure itself. Results: The CAR T/Auto-HCT analysis included 175 patients each, while the CAR T/Allo-HCT analysis included 142 patients each. All cohorts had a median age of 69-70, with slightly more females, mostly ECOG 0-1, and were predominantly white. Only 10-15% were dual eligible. Although all groups had a median CCI of 4, the CAR T/Auto-HCT patients yielded slighter higher mean comorbidity scores (5.2-5.4) than CAR T/Allo-HCT (4.8). For the CAR T/Auto-HCT comparison (Table 1a), Auto-HCT utilization was higher than CAR T on all acute care hospitalization measures and mean total medical costs were 35% higher ($85,382 vs. $63,081, respectively) during PRE. During POST, all measures were lower than PRE for both groups including total medical costs ($25,277 and $33,876, respectively). The reductions were greater for Auto-HCT than for CAR T, resulting in Auto-HCT having lower POST utilization and costs than CAR T for all measures except % of patients with outpatient encounters. Allo-HCT utilization was higher than CAR T on all PRE measures including cost ($92,119 and $70,105, respectively, Table 1b) except ED visits. For POST vs. PRE, CAR T HCRU and costs declined ($34,477) similarly to that in the Auto-HCT comparison. But for Allo-HCT, acute care length of stay increased at POST compared to PRE, and total medical costs were relatively unchanged ($82,847) POST. POST HCRU and cost differences between these groups are not attributable to different survival rates, as no differences were seen. Conclusions: In this observational descriptive analysis, HCRU and costs for Auto-HCT patients were higher during the 6 months pre-HCT compared to a matched group of CAR T patients but were lower during the 6 months post-HCT. For a matched group of Allo-HCT patients, however, the post-HCT period showed HCRU and costs that were equal to or higher than pre-HCT and were higher than CAR T during the same period. Understanding the relative HCRU and costs associated with these 3 procedures common to relapsed/refractory DLBCL will allow for better HCR planning. Disclosures Mohammadi: Kite, A Gilead Company: Research Funding. Purdum:Kite, A Gilead Company: Current Employment; Gilead Sciences: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Wong:Kite, A Gilead Company: Research Funding. Schroeder:Kite, A Gilead Company: Research Funding. Kilgore:Kite, A Gilead Company: Research Funding. Shah:Janssen Pharmaceutica: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding.
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Murphy, Charlotte, Shirley-Ann Rueschemeyer, Jonathan Smallwood, and Elizabeth Jefferies. "Imagining Sounds and Images: Decoding the Contribution of Unimodal and Transmodal Brain Regions to Semantic Retrieval in the Absence of Meaningful Input." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 11 (November 2019): 1599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01330.
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In the absence of sensory information, we can generate meaningful images and sounds from representations in memory. However, it remains unclear which neural systems underpin this process and whether tasks requiring the top–down generation of different kinds of features recruit similar or different neural networks. We asked people to internally generate the visual and auditory features of objects, either in isolation (car, dog) or in specific and complex meaning-based contexts (car/dog race). Using an fMRI decoding approach, in conjunction with functional connectivity analysis, we examined the role of auditory/visual cortex and transmodal brain regions. Conceptual retrieval in the absence of external input recruited sensory and transmodal cortex. The response in transmodal regions—including anterior middle temporal gyrus—was of equal magnitude for visual and auditory features yet nevertheless captured modality information in the pattern of response across voxels. In contrast, sensory regions showed greater activation for modality-relevant features in imagination (even when external inputs did not differ). These data are consistent with the view that transmodal regions support internally generated experiences and that they play a role in integrating perceptual features encoded in memory.
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Hyder, Ayaz, Jinhyung Lee, Ashley Dundon, Lauren T. Southerland, David All, Gretchen Hammond, and Harvey J. Miller. "Opioid Treatment Deserts: Concept development and application in a US Midwestern urban county." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): e0250324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250324.
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Objectives An Opioid Treatment Desert is an area with limited accessibility to medication-assisted treatment and recovery facilities for Opioid Use Disorder. We explored the concept of Opioid Treatment Deserts including racial differences in potential spatial accessibility and applied it to one Midwestern urban county using high resolution spatiotemporal data. Methods We obtained individual-level data from one Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agency (Columbus Fire Department) in Franklin County, Ohio. Opioid overdose events were based on EMS runs where naloxone was administered from 1/1/2013 to 12/31/2017. Potential spatial accessibility was measured as the time (in minutes) it would take an individual, who may decide to seek treatment after an opioid overdose, to travel from where they had the overdose event, which was a proxy measure of their residential location, to the nearest opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment provider that provided medically-assisted treatment (MAT). We estimated accessibility measures overall, by race and by four types of treatment providers (any type of MAT for OUD, Buprenorphine, Methadone, or Naltrexone). Areas were classified as an Opioid Treatment Desert if the estimate travel time to treatment provider (any type of MAT for OUD) was greater than a given threshold. We performed sensitivity analysis using a range of threshold values based on multiple modes of transportation (car and public transit) and using only EMS runs to home/residential location types. Results A total of 6,929 geocoded opioid overdose events based on data from EMS agencies were used in the final analysis. Most events occurred among 26–35 years old (34%), identified as White adults (56%) and male (62%). Median travel times and interquartile range (IQR) to closest treatment provider by car and public transit was 2 minutes (IQR: 3 minutes) and 17 minutes (IQR: 17 minutes), respectively. Several neighborhoods in the study area had limited accessibility to OUD treatment facilities and were classified as Opioid Treatment Deserts. Travel time by public transit for most treatment provider types and by car for Methadone-based treatment was significantly different between individuals who were identified as Black adults and White adults based on their race. Conclusions Disparities in access to opioid treatment exist at the sub-county level in specific neighborhoods and across racial groups in Columbus, Ohio and can be quantified and visualized using local public safety data (e.g., EMS runs). Identification of Opioid Treatment Deserts can aid multiple stakeholders better plan and allocate resources for more equitable access to MAT for OUD and, therefore, reduce the burden of the opioid epidemic while making better use of real-time public safety data to address a public health epidemic that has turned into a public safety crisis.
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Smith, Earl, and Angela J. Hattery. "Bad Boy for Life: Hip-Hop Music, Race, and Sports." Sociology of Sport Journal 37, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 174–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2018-0134.
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P Diddy’s Bad Boy for Life video provides a strategic point of departure in the quest for values and community, sui generis, in SportsWorld. This study poses an interruption to the “ideological” articulations of discourse on the relationship between hip-hop music and sports by providing an examination of empirical and scientific data inside of SportsWorld. There is a carefully crafted narrative about the coexistence among Black American athletes, SportsWorld, and hip-hop music. From the beginning of Black athletes’ entry into the White spaces of the so-called level playing field of sports—from National Association of Stock Car Racing to the National Hockey Association to Major League Baseball to National Basketball Association—this integration upsets the norms of both civility and history; because for many in White America, the belief persists that these same athletes were not then and should not be today in those sacred spaces. From Jackie Robinson to the Williams Sisters to Jack Johnson to Tiger Woods to Althea Gibson to Fritz Pollard and, of course, Muhammad Ali—all of these pioneers suffered the indignities of racial discrimination. As Smith argues in his 2014 book Race, Sport and the American Dream, fast forward, deep inside the second aught of the 21st century, it is often assumed that the addition of hip-hop music to the pregame and half-time entertainment at ballparks, basketball arenas, stadiums, and ice hockey arenas signals a welcoming to the Black Athlete and their fans. Using a Marxian lens, this study argues that both these assumptions are no more than the ideology of beliefs that Marx describes as “fantasies and illusions” or more straightforward a “phantasmagoria.” These fantasies and illusions show up as a laterna magica projecting images on society and in SportsWorld, where these can be described as commodity fetishism. Through the authors' empirical analysis of data on segregation and integration in SportsWorld, they demonstrate that things are not always as they seem.
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Blackburn, Patrick, Jennifer Gordon, Naixin Zhang, Laura Becca Daily, and Todd D. Tillmanns. "Distance from a comprehensive cancer center: A poor proxy for serous endometrial cancer outcomes?" Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19084-e19084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19084.
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e19084 Background: To compare the relationship between outcomes in serous endometrial cancer patients based on distance from a tertiary referral center in the Southern US. Methods: A retrospective cohort study among all women diagnosed with serous endometrial cancer between 2009 to 2018 was completed at a tertiary referral center in a low socioeconomic Southern US city with a predominately African American population. The primary exposure variable was the distance traveled by the patient to the treatment center. This distance was calculated using Google Maps from the patients’ home addresses to the cancer center. Abstracted data from each patient included patient demographics of home address, BMI at time of first visit, race, transportation method to the cancer center, and presence of primary care provider (PCP). Clinical variables of stage at diagnosis and pathology, treatment, and outcomes were included. Chi square analysis and log-rank analysis were completed. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: In total, 202 patients were living a median distance of 31.4miles (range of 0.9mi to 194mi) from the cancer center. Of this cohort, the median age at time of diagnosis was 67 years old with a median BMI of 31.4kg/m2. The most common stage at diagnosis was stage 1A (26.7%). Using log rank analysis, there was no difference in overall survival when compared based on age, race, BMI and access to transportation. 92% (n=185) of the cohort had immediate access to a transportation method via personal car or family car, the remaining patients relied on other methods of transport. The total distance from treatment center was significant when compared with stage at diagnosis (p=0.011) portending greater stage at diagnosis with further distance. However, this did not correlate to progression free or overall survival (p = 0.83) in the cohort. Patients with a PCP were likely to be diagnosed at an earlier stage (Stage IA or Stage IB) compared to those without a PCP with a p=0.003, mean of 0.93, 95% CI (0.89 – 0.97). Conclusions: Living closer to a cancer center and having a PCP were associated with earlier stage at diagnosis in patients with serous endometrial cancer. Distance from the cancer center did not affect overall survival when adequate transportation methods were available.
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Jutagir, Devika R., Adriana Espinosa, Melissa Lopez, Burha Rasool, Taisha Gomez, Alexis Brown, Caitlin A. Frankel, et al. "Disparities in the use of checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy: A systematic review." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18541-e18541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18541.
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e18541 Background: With increasing numbers of newly approved cancer immunotherapy regimens, research is needed to understand whether these costly treatments are equally used by all patients who could benefit from them. The aim of this systematic review was to identify variables linked to whether patients diagnosed with cancer were treated with checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. Methods: Using the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework, we conducted a systematic review searching Medline (New PubMed), Embase.com, and the Cochrane Library (Wiley) for papers published in English between January 1, 1997 and July 27, 2020. Inclusion criteria were: 1) primary, peer-reviewed research article; and 2) article reported variables associated with whether patients were treated with checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Seven coders independently reviewed titles, abstracts, full texts, and extracted data. The systematic review adhered to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Results: In total, 5958 titles and abstracts and 134 full texts were screened. Sixteen studies were included in final analyses. All were conducted in the United States using data from national databases (N = 15) or electronic medical records (N = 1). Eleven were cross-sectional, and 5 were cohort studies. Studies looked at melanoma (N = 10), non-small cell lung cancer (N = 3), renal cell carcinoma (N = 2), colorectal cancer (N = 1), prostate cancer (N = 1), and hepatobiliary cancer (N = 1). Studies looked at nivolumab (N = 1), pembrolizumab (N = 1), ipilimumab (N = 1), and sipuleucel-T, (N = 1), and 12 studies did not specify medication names. Treatment facility characteristics (N = 9), geographic location within the United States (N = 1), locale classification (N = 2), distance to treatment facility (N = 2), insurance type (N = 9), age (N = 7), race (N = 5), sex (N = 1), income (N = 4), neighborhood educational attainment (N = 2), comorbidities (N = 6), disease stage (N = 1), metastases (N = 3), clinical trial participation (N = 1), recency of diagnosis (N = 2), other treatments received (N = 3), and lesion characteristics (N = 1) were reported to be associated with whether patients were treated with checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Other studies found that insurance type (N = 1), race (N = 3), sex (N = 1), other treatments received (N = 1), and lesion characteristics (N = 1) were not associated with receiving checkpoint inhibitors or CAR T-cell therapy. Conclusions: Findings provide evidence of disparate access to checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cell therapy. More studies are necessary to thoroughly understand how the factors highlighted in our findings intersect to create and maintain disparities in cancer treatment. This level of information is necessary to create interventions that promote equitable access to novel cancer immunotherapies.
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Keene Woods, Nikki, Jared Reyes, and Amy Chesser. "Infant Mortality and Race in Kansas." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 7, no. 3 (March 2, 2016): 194–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131916635572.
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Background: Racial and ethnic minority infants and mothers have worse birth outcomes than Caucasian infants and mothers, specifically infant mortality. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare infant mortality rates from vital statistic data between mothers who participated in the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Program and the general population in Kansas. Methods: A retrospective secondary analysis of data received from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) was conducted. Data were provided on all mothers who delivered a child in the state of Kansas from 2009 to 2011. The data received from KDHE included maternal demographics, infant deaths, infant gestational age, infant weight at birth, and WIC program participation. Results: The overall infant mortality rate was 6.4 per 1000 births. Infant mortality for Caucasians was lower than for non-Caucasians. Infant mortality for blacks was greater than for non-blacks. Being Hispanic was not statistically associated with a difference in infant mortality. WIC program participation was associated with lower infant mortality in both blacks and Hispanics. After adjusting for WIC, infants born to black mothers were still more than twice as likely to die when compared with Caucasian infants. WIC services were not statistically associated with a reduction in infant mortality. Mother’s education showed a significant protective effect on the likelihood of infant death. Conclusion: The WIC program is associated with positive outcomes at the national level. However, widespread reductions in health disparities have not been reported. Differences in education levels between mothers affected infant mortality to a greater degree than WIC program participation alone in the analysis. The infant mortality rate for black and Hispanic mothers was lower for WIC program participants. The WIC program may be beneficial for reducing infant mortality racial disparities but program participation should be expanded to affect maternal health disparities at the population level.
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Sadettin Hamut, Halil, Rami Salah El-Emam, Murat Aydin, and Ibrahim Dincer. "Effects of rear spoilers on ground vehicle aerodynamic drag." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2012-0068.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the aerodynamic effects of rear spoiler geometry on a sports car. Today, due to economical, safety and even environmental concerns, vehicle aerodynamics play a much more significant role in design considerations and rear spoilers play a major role in this area. Design/methodology/approach – A 2-D vehicle geometry of a race car is created and solved using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver FLUENT version 6.3. The aerodynamic effects are analyzed under various vehicle speeds with and without a rear spoiler. The main results are compared to a wind tunnel experiment conducted with 1/18 replica of a Nascar. Findings – By the CFD analysis, the drag coefficient without the spoiler is calculated to be 0.31. When the spoiler is added to the geometry, the drag coefficient increases to 0.36. The computational results with the spoiler are compared with the experimental data, and a good agreement is obtained within a 5.8 percent error band. The uncertainty associated with the experimental results of the drag coefficient is calculated to be 6.1 percent for the wind tunnel testing. The sources of discrepancies between the experimental and numerical results are identified and potential improvements on the model and experiments are provided in the paper. Furthermore, in the CFD model, it is found that the addition of the spoiler caused a decrease in the lift coefficient from 0.26 to 0.05. Originality/value – This paper examines the effects of rear spoiler geometry on vehicle aerodynamic drag by comparing the CFD analysis with wind tunnel experimentation and conducting an uncertainty analysis to assess the reliability of the obtained results.
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Green, David, Nancy Foiles, Cheeling Chan, Pamela J. Schreiner, David Jacobs, and Kiang Liu. "Elevated Fibrinogen Predicts Atherosclerosis." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.3188.3188.
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Abstract Elevated levels of hemostatic factors are observed in patients with atherosclerosis, but whether they promote plaque formation or are a consequence of the disease is uncertain. To examine this issue, we used data from a large biracial cohort of young adults (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults [CARDIA]) followed up for 13 years, to examine the relationships of hemostatic factors - fibrinogen, factors VII and VIII, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) - with coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intimal-medial thickness (IMT). Complete data were available on 1382 participants, whose mean age was 32 years at enrollment. The age, race, and gender-adjusted prevalence of CAC for increasing quartiles of fibrinogen levels was: 14.0%, 15.0%, 19.6%, and 28.4% (p <0.001 for trend). After further adjustment for BMI, smoking, systolic BP, and total cholesterol, the prevalence of CAC for increasing quartiles of fibrinogen was 15.5%, 16.0%, 19.0%, and 26.4% (p <0.001 for trend). Similar trends were observed for IMT (age, race, and gender-adjusted, p<0.001; multivariable adjusted, p=0.022). When race and gender subgroups were further analyzed, the prevalence of CAC was associated with fibrinogen levels in women and white men after age adjustment, and in women on multivariable analysis. IMT scores adjusted for age were associated with elevated fibrinogen levels in all except black men, and in black women after multivariable adjustment (p=0.003). While the prevalence of CAC was not associated with increasing quartiles of FVII, FVIII, or vWF, IMT scores were associated with elevated FVII on multivariable analysis in white women (p=0.006) and with vWF antigen in white men on age-adjusted (p=0.004) and multivariable analysis (p=0.013). There were no significant associations of hemostatic factors with either the prevalence of CAC or IMT in black men. Participants were categorized as to whether they had 0, 1, or more than 1 hemostatic factors in the highest quartile. After adjustment for age, race, and gender, hemostatic group classification was associated linearly with the prevalence of CAC (p<0.001 for trend) and IMT score (p=0.01 for trend). In conclusion, the main finding from this study is that elevated levels of fibrinogen in persons aged 25 to 37 are associated with the later appearance of subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. These associations were observed in whites and black women, but not black men. We suggest that atherosclerosis became established during the 13 year observation period, and that increased fibrinogen may have been a contributing factor or a marker for disease development.
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Elstrott, Benjamin K., Sarah J. Nagle, Caleb Price, Luz Mejia-Flores, Nathan Beird, and H. E. Hinson. "Endothelial Injury Markers and Central Nervous System Damage-Associated Proteins in Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-139011.
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Introduction Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) is a neurologic syndrome that occurs in approximately 65% of adults undergoing CAR-T therapy for treatment of B-cell malignancies refractory to conventional chemotherapy. The presentation of ICANS is variable and sometimes progressive, including symptoms of headache, aphasia, seizure, cerebral edema, and coma. The exact mechanism of ICANS is unknown, but may be driven by cytokine release, endothelial activation, and blood-brain barrier disruption (BBBD). Prior studies show increases in angiopoietin 2 (ANG2) and lower angiopoietin 1 (ANG1) suggesting endothelial destabilization and consequent BBBD. It is not yet clear if cellular injury to the central nervous system (CNS) also occurs. Blood-based damage-associated protein biomarkers have shown promise in forecasting presence, severity, and prognostic outcomes following acute neurologic injuries such as traumatic brain injury, including S100 calcium binding protein B (S100b) and Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1). S100b is predominantly of astroglial origin and is established as a biomarker of secondary brain injury, while UCH-L1 is selectively expressed in neurons and reflects neuronal injury. Objective To characterize the relationship between the development of ICANS and plasma markers of inflammation, BBBD, and CNS cellular injury following CAR-T cell therapy. Methods We performed an interim analysis of an ongoing, prospectively enrolled cohort of adults receiving CD-19 targeted CAR-T therapy for hematologic malignancies. Blood samples are obtained at baseline prior to induction chemotherapy, and at 24-48 hours post-CAR-T infusion. Symptomatic samples are obtained when/if a patient develops ICANS as determined by interval screening using Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) scores, which assesses for the presence and severity of ICANS. Blood samples are centrifuged, aliquoted for plasma, and stored at -80° C. Markers of interest for this analysis were measured in batch by Luminex immunofluorescence, and included ANG1, ANG2, IL-6, S100b, and UCH-L1. Concentrations are reported in median [IQR] pg/mL. Parametric continuous variables were analyzed by independent two sample t-tests; Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used for non-parametric variables. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square tests. All analyses were conducted in R (R Core Team 2019, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Results The first 17 consecutive subjects (35% women) were included in this analysis in whom 8 (47%) developed ICANS. The most common diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (77%). No differences were observed in sex, race, ethnicity, and diagnosis categories between subjects who did and did not develop ICANS. All patients had baseline samples, however, only 14/17 patients had 24-48-hour samples, and only 2/8 patients with ICANS had symptomatic samples drawn. At baseline, there were no differences in median ANG1 (1172 [390-1609] v. 1651 [313-1910] pg/mL, P=0.96), ANG2 (1180 [732-1544] v. 1089 [592-2510] pg/mL, P=0.88) or ANG2/ANG1 ratio (P=0.96) between patients who later developed ICANS and those who did not. Similarly, there were no differences in baseline levels of IL-6 (2.6 [3.2-5.4] v. 1.5 [2.8-6.4] pg/mL, P=0.60) or S100b (0 [0-0] v. 0 [0-111] pg/mL, P=0.09) between ICANS groups. In the 2 patients who developed ICANS where symptomatic blood draws were obtained, both had precipitous rises in S100b from baseline to symptomatic levels (Case 1: 0 pg/mL ->153pg/mL, Case 2: 0 ->79 pg/mL) (Figure 1). Both of these patients died; one during acute hospitalization after CAR-T infusion while the other died 9 months after CAR-T due to cancer recurrence. UCH-L1 was below the detection limit in the plasma of all patients at all timepoints. Conclusions Our preliminary analysis suggests that baseline levels of inflammatory and endothelial permeability markers might be similar between those who do and do not develop ICANS after CAR-T infusion, and thus may not be informative about subsequent course. We also observed increases in the astrocytic marker S100b in symptomatic ICANS patients compared to baseline levels that appear to track with ICANS severity. In contrast, the neuronal marker UCH-L1 was undetectable in all patients. However, these observations must be confirmed in a larger cohort with complete data. Disclosures Hinson: Biogen (CHARM trial): Consultancy; Neurology (Journal): Other: Editorial Work; NIH NINDS Grant (1K23NS110828-01A1): Other: Grant funding TBI research (unrelated to present abstract).
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Moss, Marc, and David M. Mannino. "Race and gender differences in acute respiratory distress syndrome deaths in the United States: An analysis of multiple-cause mortality data (1979–1996)*." Critical Care Medicine 30, no. 8 (August 2002): 1679–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003246-200208000-00001.
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Moore, Justin Xavier, Tomi Akinyemiju, Alfred Bartolucci, Henry E. Wang, John Waterbor, and Russell Griffin. "A Prospective Study of Community Mediators on the Risk of Sepsis After Cancer." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 12 (November 4, 2019): 1546–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066619881122.
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Background: Few studies have examined whether community factors mediate the relationship between patients surviving cancer and future development of sepsis. We determined the influence of community characteristics upon risk of sepsis after cancer, and whether there are differences by race. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort years 2003 to 2012 complemented with county-level community characteristics from the American Community Survey and County Health Rankings. We categorized those with a self-reported prior cancer diagnosis as “cancer survivors” and those without a history of cancer as “no cancer history.” We defined sepsis as hospitalization for a serious infection with ≥2 systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria. We examined the mediation effect of community characteristics on the association between cancer survivorship and sepsis incidence using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, race, and total number of comorbidities. We repeated analysis stratified by race. Results: There were 28 840 eligible participants, of which 2860 (9.92%) were cancer survivors, and 25 289 (90.08%) were no cancer history participants. The only observed community-level mediation effects were from income (% mediated 0.07%; natural indirect effect [NIE] on hazard scale] = 1.001, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.000-1.005) and prevalence of adult smoking (% mediated = 0.21%; NIE = 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000-1.004). We observed similar effects when stratified by race. Conclusion: Cancer survivors are at increased risk of sepsis; however, this association is weakly mediated by community poverty and smoking prevalence.
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Stack, Steven. "Suicide among Carpenters: A Multivariate Analysis." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 39, no. 3 (November 1999): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/fbn1-533n-lxv0-23a9.
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Previous Work On Broad Occupational Groups Has Noted That Suicide Rates Are Higher Among Manual Workers Than Nonmanual Workers. However, it is not clear if this is due to occupational strains per se, or the covariates of manual worker status such as gender, and marital strain. The present study explores suicide risk among a group of skilled manual workers: carpenters. Data are taken from the U.S. Public Health Service Annual Mortality Detail File tapes for 1990. A bivariate analysis finds that carpenters are 1.996 times more likely than the rest of the working age population to die of suicide. However, once controls are introduced for gender, race, marital status and other socio-demographic variables, carpenters are only 1.15 times more at risk of suicide than the working age population. The results are consistent with those of an earlier study of laborers. While working class occupations are marked by suicide risk, the risk may be due more to the covariates of these occupations than the occupations themselves.
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Klenow, Daniel J., and Robert C. Bolin. "Belief in an Afterlife: A National Survey." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 1 (February 1990): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9w8f-1ndb-14mr-yyqf.
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This article presents an exploratory analysis of factors affecting belief in an afterlife. Data are taken from the 1978 subfile on the National Opinion Research Center's General Social Survey. With belief in life after death serving as the dependent variable, a number of variables are introduced in a tabular analysis. Among factors found to be statistically significant are sex, race, age, marital status, and several religious and residential variables. Controlling on frequency of church attendance and religious intensity, it is shown that Protestants have the highest incidence of belief in life after death, followed closely by Catholics, with Jews exhibiting the lowest level. A discriminant analysis was run in order to select a group of independent variables that were good predictors of belief in an afterlife. Race, religion, and church attendance were found to be significant discriminating variables of such belief.
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Lee, Jaeyoung, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Helai Huang, and Qing Cai. "Transportation Safety Planning Approach for Pedestrians: An Integrated Framework of Modeling Walking Duration and Pedestrian Fatalities." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (March 25, 2019): 898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837962.
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Multiple approaches have been proposed to take traffic safety into consideration in long-term transportation plans, referred to as transportation safety planning. Some early studies used trip generation data as the explanatory variables for their macro-level crash safety performance functions, or crash prediction models. However, no study to date has attempted to integrate walking exposure and pedestrian safety at the modeling stage. Thus, a novel methodological framework for integrating the analyses of walking exposure and pedestrian crashes is proposed toward better transportation safety planning for pedestrians. In comparison with walking trips and walking miles, walking hours was identified as the best walking exposure variable by a preliminary analysis. Thus, an integrated modeling structure with walking hours as its exposure variable was developed. The modeling results indicate that climate conditions, population, and car usage patterns affect walking hours, and predicted walking hours, climate conditions, percentage of mid-elderly (64–75 years), proportions of minority race/ethnicity, and percent of tertiary industry occupations have significant effects on pedestrian fatalities. In addition, the integrated modeling framework was compared with non-integrated ones, and the results indicate that the integrated framework outperforms its counterparts in relation to deviance information criterion. The proposed approach and the findings from this study are expected to provide useful insights not only to researchers but also to policy makers and practitioners in the fields of transportation planning and traffic safety.
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Harahap, Dedy Ramdhani. "Pengujian Performa Baterai Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Untuk Mobil Listrik Satu Penumpang Pada Kompetisi Balap Mobil Listrik Ene1-Gp Jepang 2017." Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur 9, no. 01 (May 7, 2019): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33504/manutech.v9i01.25.
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The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is viewed as an attractive solution to reduce CO2 emissions and fuel consumption resulted from transport sector, but the EVs implementation is limited to driving distance and and the charging process that inconvenience. The analysis of energy consumption characteristics of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that commonly used as the energy source for EVs become an important foundation to study the durability and performance of the battery when applied in addition to increase the driving range from this EVs. This research aims to test the durability and the performance of the Eneloop type of Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) battery that used for the racing car competed on ENE1-GP Japan at Suzuka Circuit Japan. From this experiment will be achieve the energy consumption estimation systematically, based on this data the parameters can be decided accurately for the EVs that attend the competition. The battery will be test under room temperature and the load given during the test from 0.1A to 10A. The average temperature during the performance test were observed using thermal camera. The best result from this experiment is on 5A, the battery will effectively use and can fit the requirement to complete the race in 18 minutes and 49 seconds for 3 cycles (laps). On the other hand, this data also can become the foundation to develop the electric vehicle which has similar specification.
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Yu, Fuling, Jianwei Li, Qilei Huang, and Hongbin Cai. "Increased Peripheral Blood Visfatin Concentrations May Be a Risk Marker of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies." Angiology 69, no. 9 (April 29, 2018): 825–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319718771125.
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A comprehensive quantitative evaluation of the relationship between peripheral blood visfatin concentrations and coronary artery disease (CAD) is lacking. This study is the first attempt to quantify this relationship via a meta-analysis of published observational studies in terms of weighted mean difference (WMD). Literature retrieval, article selection, and data extraction were conducted. Heterogeneity was inspected using both subgroup and meta-regression analyses. In total, 15 articles involving 1053 CAD cases and 714 controls were included. Overall, peripheral blood visfatin concentrations were significantly higher in CAD cases than in controls (WMD: 4.72 ng/mL; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.97-6.47; P < .001), with significant heterogeneity and publication bias. Six studies were theoretically missing based on filled funnel plot, and considering the impact of these missing studies still detected a significant overall mean difference in visfatin (WMD: 2.82 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.22-3.58; P < .001; number of studies: 21). Subgroup and meta-regression analyses indicated age, body mass index, race, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were identified as possible causes of heterogeneity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that increased peripheral blood visfatin concentrations may be a risk marker of CAD.
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Moore, Justin Xavier, Tomi Akinyemiju, Alfred Bartolucci, Henry E. Wang, John Waterbor, and Russell Griffin. "Mediating Effects of Frailty Indicators on the Risk of Sepsis After Cancer." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 35, no. 7 (June 3, 2018): 708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885066618779941.
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Background: Cancer survivors are at increased risk of sepsis, possibly attributed to weakened physiologic conditions. The aims of this study were to examine the mediation effect of indicators of frailty on the association between cancer survivorship and sepsis incidence and whether these differences varied by race. Methods: We performed a prospective analysis using data from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke cohort from years 2003 to 2012. We categorized frailty as the presence of ≥2 frailty components (weakness, exhaustion, and low physical activity). We categorized participants as “cancer survivors” or “no cancer history” derived from self-reported responses of being diagnosed with any cancer. We examined the mediation effect of frailty on the association between cancer survivorship and sepsis incidence using Cox regression. We repeated analysis stratified by race. Results: Among 28 062 eligible participants, 2773 (9.88%) were cancer survivors and 25 289 (90.03%) were no cancer history participants. Among a total 1315 sepsis cases, cancer survivors were more likely to develop sepsis (12.66% vs 3.81%, P < .01) when compared to participants with no cancer history (hazard ratios: 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 2.31-2.98, P < .01). The mediation effects of frailty on the log-hazard scale were very small: weakness (0.57%), exhaustion (0.31%), low physical activity (0.20%), frailty (0.75%), and total number of frailty indicators (0.69%). Similar results were observed when stratified by race. Conclusion: Cancer survivors had more than a 2-fold increased risk of sepsis, and indicators of frailty contributed to less than 1% of this disparity.
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McElfish, Pearl A., Don E. Willis, Keneshia Bryant-Moore, Martha O. Rojo, Jennifer A. Andersen, Kyle F. Kaminicki, and Laura P. James. "Arkansans’ Preferred COVID-19 Testing Locations." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211004289.
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Introduction: A contributing factor to racial and ethnic disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic may be the accessibility and acceptability of COVID-19 testing. Previous studies found that access to testing has not been equitable across several sociodemographic indicators. This study documents the preferred testing locations and examines differences across sociodemographic factors with a specific focus on race and ethnicity. Methods: This study includes a primary analysis of cross-sectional data using a self-administered digital survey distributed to Arkansas residents using ARresearch, a volunteer research participant registry. The survey had 1288 responses, and 1221 met eligibility criteria for inclusion in the survey. Participants provided sociodemographic information and were asked to select up to 3 preferred testing locations from 12 options. Chi-square tests assessed differences in testing site preference across relevant sociodemographic groups. Results: Participants preferred drive-through clinics as their top location for COVID-19 testing, with 55% reporting this was their preferred method of testing. This pattern was consistent across all comparison groups (ie, age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, insurance status). Significant differences in testing location preference were observed across age, race and ethnicity, and education, with the most differences observed across race and ethnicity. Conclusion: This study reveals that race and ethnicity are important to consider when deciding where to offer COVID-19 testing. The preferences for testing locations among the most vulnerable demographics will be used to develop targeted responses aimed at eliminating disparities in COVID-19 in Arkansas.
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Coletta, Vincent P., and Jonathan Evans. "Analysis of a model race car." American Journal of Physics 76, no. 10 (October 2008): 903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2955793.
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Chikobvu, Delson, and Lyness Matizirofa. "Quantile Regression Analysis of Modifiable and Non-Modifiable Predictors of Stroke among Adults in South Africa." Open Public Health Journal 14, no. 1 (September 17, 2021): 409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874944502114010409.
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Background: Stroke is the second largest cause of mortality and long-term disability in South Africa (SA). Stroke is a multifactorial disease regulated by modifiable and non-modifiable predictors. Little is known about the stroke predictors in SA, particularly modifiable and non-modifiable. Identification of stroke predictors using appropriate statistical methods can help formulate appropriate health programs and policies aimed at reducing the stroke burden. This study aims to address important gaps in stroke literature i.e., identifying and quantifying stroke predictors through quantile regression analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional hospital-based study was used to identify and quantify stroke predictors in SA using 35730 individual patient data retrieved from selected private and public hospitals between January 2014 and December 2018. Ordinary logistic regression models often miss critical aspects of the relationship that may exist between stroke and its predictors. Quantile regression analysis was used to model the effects of each predictor on stroke distribution. Results: Of the 35730 cases of stroke, 22183 were diabetic. The dominant stroke predictors were diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, the female gender, higher age groups and black race. The age group 55-75 years, female gender and black race, had a bigger effect on stroke distribution at the lower upper quantiles. Diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol showed a significant impact on stroke distribution (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Most strokes are attributable to modifiable factors. Study findings will be used to raise awareness of modifiable predictors to prevent strokes. Regular screening and treatment are recommended for high-risk individuals with identified predictors in SA.
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Kim, Cha Young, Sung-Ho Lee, Hyeong Cheol Park, Chang Gyu Bae, Yong Hwa Cheong, Young Ju Choi, Chang-deok Han, Sang Yeol Lee, Chae Oh Lim, and Moo Je Cho. "Identification of Rice Blast Fungal Elicitor-Responsive Genes by Differential Display Analysis." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 13, no. 4 (April 2000): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2000.13.4.470.
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In order to study molecular interactions that occur between rice and rice blast fungus upon infection, we isolated fungal elicitor-responsive genes from rice (Oryza sa-tiva cv. Milyang 117) suspension-cultured cells treated with fungal elicitor prepared from the rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea) employing a method that combined mRNA differential display and cDNA library screening. Data base searches with the isolated cDNA clones revealed that the OsERG1 and OsERG2 cDNAs share significant similarities with the mammalian Ca2+-dependent lipid binding (C2) domains. The OsCPX1 cDNA is highly homologous to peroxidases. The OsHin1 cDNA exhibits homology to the tobacco hin1 gene, whose expression is induced by avirulent pathogens. The OsLPL1 and OsMEK1 cDNAs share homologies with lysophospholipases and serine/threonine mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinases, respectively. The OsWRKY1 and OsEREBP1 cDNAs are homologous to transcription factors, such as the WRKY protein family and the AP2/EREBP family, respectively. Transcripts of the OsERG1, OsHin1, and OsMEK1 genes were specifically elevated only in response to the avirulent race KJ301 of the rice blast fungus. Our study yielded a number of elicitor-responsive genes that will not only provide molecular probes, but also contribute to our understanding of host defense mechanisms against the rice blast fungus.
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Potter, Andrew J., Amal N. Trivedi, and Brad Wright. "Younger Dual-Eligibles Who Use Federally Qualified Health Centers Have More Preventable Emergency Department Visits, but Some Have Fewer Hospitalizations." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 8, no. 1 (July 7, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150131916657081.
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Objective: To determine whether younger dual-eligibles receiving care at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) have lower rates of ambulatory care sensitive (ACS) hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits. Data Sources: We used the 100% Medicare Part A and Part B institutional claims from 2007 to 2010 for dual-eligibles younger than 65 years, enrolled in traditional fee-for-service Medicare, who received care at an FQHC or lived in a primary care service area with an FQHC. Methods: Our cross-sectional analysis used negative binomial regressions to model ACS hospitalizations and ED visits as a function of prior year FQHC use. The model adjusted for beneficiary age, gender, race, and chronic diseases, as well as county fixed effects, time trends, and race-FQHC use interactions. Results: FQHC use is associated with a decrease in ACS hospitalization rates for whites (2.8 per 1000 persons), but an increase among blacks (2.5 per 1000 persons). FQHC use is also associated with an increase in ACS ED visits, from 27 to 33 more visits per 1000 persons per year, depending on patient race. Conclusions: ACS hospital use is higher for FQHC users than nonusers, but white FQHC users have fewer ACS hospitalizations. More research is needed to understand how this relationship varies within and between centers.
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Holtzman, Noa G., Soren M. Bentzen, Vivek Kesari, Ali Bukhari, Firas El Chaer, Elizabeth Hutnick, Kathleen Ruehle, et al. "Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS) after CD19-Directed Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy (CAR-T) for Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Predictive Biomarkers and Clinical Outcomes." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 3239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-125400.
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Introduction : With increased use of CAR-T for relapsed/refractory (R/R) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL), CAR-T related complications including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and ICANS pose a significant clinical challenge. While CAR-T mediated inflammation leading to endothelial activation and blood-brain barrier disruption may play a key role in ICANS, the exact mechanism remains unclear. Prognostic or predictive biomarkers for ICANS are not well established. Recent reports (Karschnia et al, Blood 2019) suggested an association between ICANS and inferior overall survival (OS). To better understand ICANS, we herein report a single-center analysis of LBCL patients treated with CD19-directed CAR-T, exploring the associated clinical features, predictive biomarkers, and its prognostic significance. Methods: Patients (pts) with R/R LBCL treated with axicabtagene ciloleucel (Axi-cel) between 4/2018-5/2019 were identified. Data regarding patient and disease characteristics, treatment course, and clinical outcomes was collected (Table 1). Laboratory variables were collected at time of mononuclear cell harvest, day of initiation of lymphodepletive therapy, and day of CAR-T infusion (D0). CRS and ICANS were graded per the Lee and CTCAE v4.03 criteria, respectively. Time to progression (TTP) and OS were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and groups compared with the logrank test. Cox Proportional Hazard Model was applied for prognostic modeling. Binary logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis of patient characteristics at D0 associated with ICANS. Results: Forty-five pts with R/R LBCL (35 DLBCL, 7 TFL, 3 PMBCL) treated with Axi-cel were identified (Table 1). Twenty-five pts developed ICANS: n=7 with Grade (Gr) I-II, n=18 with Gr III-IV. Most common initial ICANS symptoms were dysgraphia, confusion, and somnolence; median time to ICANS was 5 days (range 3-11 days). Acute abnormalities were seen on brain MRI in 7 (28%) ICANS pts; EEG done in 10 ICANS pts showed diffuse slowing in all pts and focal slowing in 3 pts. All ICANS pts had preceding CRS, treated with tocilizumab (n=25, median 2.5 doses) and siltuximab (n=2). Twenty-three (92%) pts with ICANS required steroid therapy, with a median total dose equivalent to 221 mg of dexamethasone for a median duration of 12.5 days. Two pts exhibited protracted neurotoxicity manifested by short-term memory loss and profound weakness with immobility. Twenty-two (49%, 95% CI 34-64%) pts achieved CR, 16 PR, and 5 PD. At time of analysis, n=18 had disease relapse/progression and n=35 were alive. Censoring pts that progressed, the median observation time for TTP was 9.3 months. Censoring pts who died, the median observation time for OS was 7.9 months. At 9 months OS (±1 SE) was 76.1%±7.4%, and 56.0%±8.0% were progression-free. Logistic regression showed increasing fibrinogen level at D0 was associated with increasing risk of ICANS (p=0.003) and specifically, Gr III-IV ICANS [p<0.001, OR 3.02 for a case with a D0 fibrinogen of 533.5 mg/dL (3rd quartile of population distribution) vs. 382 mg/dL (1st quartile)]. Germinal center B-cell (GCB) subtype was also associated with risk of Gr III-IV ICANS (p=0.022, OR=11.9). Patient age, sex, race, disease stage at diagnosis, and D0 platelet count, WBC, LDH, CRP, and ferritin were not predictive of ICANS. ICANS was not associated with TTP (p=0.66, HR=1.24, 95% CI 0.48-3.2) nor with OS (p=0.47, HR=1.67, 95% CI 0.42-6.7). Elevated baseline fibrinogen was associated with inferior TTP (p=0.04, HR=1.89, 95% CI 1.03-3.5) and shorter OS (p=0.07, HR=2.12, 95% CI 0.94-4.8); Neither duration nor total dose of steroid treatment significantly affected TTP or OS. Conclusion: ICANS after Axi-cel for R/R LBCL was seen in approximately 50% of patients, 72% of which was severe (Gr III-IV). Contrary to prior reports, no association was seen between development of ICANS and TTP or OS. Elevated D0 fibrinogen and GCB subtype identified pts at higher risk for ICANS. D0 fibrinogen was also a prognostic marker for inferior TTP and OS. The novel finding of baseline fibrinogen as a marker both predictive of ICANS and prognostic for treatment outcomes after CAR-T may be attributed to its role in inflammation and vascular injury, which warrants further investigation. Disclosures Hutnick: Kite/Gilead: Other: Yescarta Speakers Bureau, Speakers Bureau. Badros:Celgene Corporation: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy.
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Huang, Chiang-Ching, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Xiuqing Guo, Nalini M. Rajamannan, Simon Lin, Pan Du, Qiquan Huang, Lifang Hou, and Kiang Liu. "Gene expression variation between African Americans and whites is associated with coronary artery calcification: the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis." Physiological Genomics 43, no. 13 (July 2011): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00243.2010.
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Coronary artery calcium (CAC) is a strong indicator of total atherosclerosis burden. Epidemiological data have shown substantial differences in CAC prevalence and severity between African Americans and whites. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of CAC. Microarray gene expression profiling of peripheral blood leucocytes was performed from 119 healthy women aged 50 yr or above in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis cohort; 48 women had CAC score >100 and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) >1 mm, while 71 had CAC <10 and IMT <0.65 mm. When 17 African Americans were compared with 41 whites in the low-CAC group, 409 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate <5%)were identified. In addition, 316 differentially expressed genes were identified between the high- and low-CAC groups. A substantial overlap between these two gene lists was observed (148 genes, P < 10−6). Furthermore, genes expressed lower in African Americans also tend to express lower in individuals with low CAC (correlation 0.69, P = 0.002). Ontology analysis of the 409 race-associated genes revealed significant enrichment in mobilization of calcium and immune/inflammatory response ( P < 10−9). Of note, 25 of 30 calcium mobilization genes were involved in immune/inflammatory response ( P < 10−10). Our data suggest a connection between immune response and vascular calcification and the result provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the lower prevalence and severity of CAC in African Americans compared with whites.
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Nascimento, Carla Ferreira do, Yeda Aparecida Oliveira Duarte, Maria Lúcia Lebrão, and Alexandre Dias Porto Chiavegatto Filho. "Individual and Neighborhood Factors Associated With Functional Mobility and Falls in Elderly Residents of São Paulo, Brazil: A Multilevel Analysis." Journal of Aging and Health 30, no. 1 (September 14, 2016): 118–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264316669229.
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Objective: To identify socioeconomic and contextual factors associated with functional mobility and falls in elderly residents of São Paulo, Brazil. Method: We used data from the Health, Well-Being, and Aging ( Saúde, Bem-estare Envelhecimento [SABE]) Study. The dependent variables were falling in the last year and functional mobility impairment. Individual (marital status, race, education, and perception of income sufficiency) and contextual (green area and violence) factors were analyzed by multilevel logistic models. Results: Having 8 or more years of schooling was a protective factor for mobility impairment. Neighborhoods with moderate homicide rate were associated with higher odds of falling. Moderate green spaces were associated with higher odds of falling and lower odds to have mobility impairment for individuals 80 years and older. Discussion: Our findings support the concern that neighborhood characteristics are associated with falls and mobility impairment. Strategies to prevent these outcomes should consider contextual aspects.
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Khaire, Samek. "Design and Analysis of FSAE Race Car Chassis." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 1234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.33880.
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Lai, Hui Fen, and Wu Zheng Xiao. "The Analysis on the Typical Parts in F1 Race Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 215-216 (November 2012): 1136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.215-216.1136.
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This document explains and demonstrates how to analyze the stress of the axle, modify the rear wing and SolidWorks dynamic simulation analysis for the F1 Race Car. It offers a variety of results visualization tools that allow investigators to gain valuable insight into the design of the F1 race car, and makes it easy to share analysis results effectively with everyone involved in the F1 race car product development process.
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Silva, Nicole A., Belinda Shao, Michael J. Sylvester, Jean Anderson Eloy, and Chirag D. Gandhi. "Unruptured aneurysms in the elderly: perioperative outcomes and cost analysis of endovascular coiling and surgical clipping." Neurosurgical Focus 44, no. 5 (May 2018): E4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.focus17714.
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OBJECTIVEObservation and neurosurgical intervention for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) in the elderly population is rapidly increasing. Cerebral aneurysm coiling (CACo) is favored over cerebral aneurysm clipping (CAC) in elderly patients, yet some elderly individuals still undergo CAC. The cost-effectiveness of treating UIAs requires further exploration. Understanding the effect of intervention on hospital charges and length of stay (LOS) as well as perioperative mortality and complications can further shed light on its economic impact. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost and perioperative outcomes of UIAs in elderly patients (≥ 65 years of age) after CACo or CAC intervention.METHODSRetrospective cohorts of CACo and CAC admissions were extracted from National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample data obtained between 2002 and 2013, forming parallel intervention groups to compare the following outcomes between elderly and nonelderly patients: average LOS and mean hospital admission costs, in-hospital mortality, and complications. Covariates included sex, race or ethnicity, and comorbidities.RESULTSElderly patients undergoing CAC experienced an average LOS of 8.0 days, whereas elderly patients undergoing CACo stayed an average of 3.2 days. The mean hospital charges incurred during admission totaled $95,960 in the elderly patients who underwent CAC versus $87,960 in the ones who underwent CACo. Elderly patients in whom CAC was performed had a 2.2% rate of in-hospital mortality, with a 2.6 greater adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality than nonelderly patients treated with CAC. In contrast, elderly patients who underwent CACo had a 1.36 greater adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality than their nonelderly counterparts. Compared to nonelderly patients receiving both interventions, elderly individuals had a significantly higher prevalence of various comorbidities and incidence of complications. Elderly patients who received CAC experienced a 10.3% incidence rate of perioperative stroke, whereas their CACo counterparts experienced this complication at a rate of 3.5%. Elderly patients treated with CAC had greater odds of perioperative acute renal failure, whereas their CACo counterparts had greater odds of perioperative deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.CONCLUSIONSIntervention with CAC and CACo in the elderly is resource intensive and is associated with higher risk than in the nonelderly. Those deciding between intervention and conservative management should consider these risks and costs, especially the 2.2% postoperative mortality rate associated with CAC in the elderly population. Further comparative cost-effectiveness research is needed to weigh these costs and outcomes against those of conservative management.
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STACK, AUSTIN G., and WENDY E. BLOEMBERGEN. "Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Coronary Artery Disease among New Dialysis Patients in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 7 (July 2001): 1516–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v1271516.
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Abstract. Despite the high prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), few studies have identified clinical correlates using national data. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical associations of CAD in a national random sample of new ESRD in the United States in 1996/1997 (n = 4025). Data on demographic characteristics and comorbidities were obtained from the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Study, Wave 2. The principal outcome was CAD, defined as the presence of a previous history of CAD, myocardial infarction, or angina, coronary artery bypass surgery, coronary angioplasty, or abnormal coronary angiographic findings. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the relationship of conventional factors and proposed uremic factors to the presence of CAD. CAD was present in 38% of patients. Of the total cohort, 17% had a history of myocardial infarction and 23% had angina. Several conventional risk factors, including advancing age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, and smoking, were significantly associated with CAD. Of the proposed uremic factors, lower serum albumin levels but higher residual renal function and higher hematocrit values were significantly associated with the presence of CAD. Vascular comorbid conditions, structural cardiac abnormalities, white race, and geographic location were also strongly correlated with the presence of CAD. This national study suggests that several conventional CAD risk factors may also be risk factors for CAD among the ESRD population. This study identifies nonconventional factors such as serum albumin levels, vascular comorbid conditions, and structural cardiac abnormalities as important disease correlates. Future logitudinal studies are required to explore the relative importance of the relationships observed here.
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Sorokin, Pavel Alekseevich, Kirill Stanislavovich Khryakov, and Michiel Gommers. "ANALYSIS OF DALLARA T12 RACE CAR FRONT WING VIBRATIONS." Acta Polytechnica 58, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2018.58.0308.
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This work investigates aerodynamic elements’ vibrations of high-speed vehicles on the example of the Dallara T12 race car front wing. Made up energy spectrums of wing vibrations for three specific cases arising during driving on the circuit.
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Slavin, Sabreena J., Heidi Sucharew, Kathleen Alwell, Charles J. Moomaw, Daniel Woo, Opeolu Adeoye, Matthew L. Flaherty, et al. "Prehospital neurological deterioration in stroke." Emergency Medicine Journal 35, no. 8 (April 27, 2018): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207265.
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Background and purposePatients with stroke can experience neurological deterioration in the prehospital setting. We evaluated patients with stroke to determine factors associated with prehospital neurological deterioration (PND).MethodsAmong the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region (population ~1.3 million), we screened all 15 local hospitals’ admissions from 2010 for acute stroke and included patients aged ≥20. The GCS was compared between emergency medical services (EMS) arrival and hospital arrival, with decrease ≥2 points considered PND. Data obtained retrospectively included demographics, medical history and medication use, stroke subtype (eg, ischaemic stroke (IS), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)) and IS subtype (eg, small vessel, large vessel, cardioembolic), seizure at onset, time intervals between symptom onset, EMS arrival and hospital arrival, EMS level of training, and blood pressure and serum glucose on EMS arrival.ResultsOf 2708 total patients who had a stroke, 1092 patients (median (IQR) age 74 (61–83) years; 56% women; 21% black) were analysed. PND occurred in 129 cases (12%), including 9% of IS, 24% of ICH and 16% of SAH. In multivariable analysis, black race, atrial fibrillation, haemorrhagic subtype and ALS level of transport were associated with PND.ConclusionHaemorrhage and atrial fibrillation is associated with PND in stroke, and further investigation is needed to establish whether PND can be predicted. Further studies are also needed to assess whether preferential transport of patients with deterioration to hospitals equipped with higher levels of care is beneficial, identify why race is associated with deterioration and to test therapies targeting PND.
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Pathak, Ranjan, Madan Raj Aryal, Smith Giri, Paras Karmacharya, and Anthony A. Donato. "Cardiac Complications in Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Data from Nationwide Inpatient Sample." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 2793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2793.2793.
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Abstract Background Thrombotic thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP) has been reported to be associated with serious cardiac complications including arrhythmia, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, cardiogenic shock, and heart failure. These complications are believed to be the sequelae of diffuse platelet thrombi leading to infarction in cardiac tissue. However, the true burden of cardiac complications in TTP in clinical practice remains unclear. Methods We used the 2009-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify hospitalizations in patients ≥18 years with a diagnosis of TTP (International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] code 446.6. Nationwide Inpatient Sample is the largest all-payer publicly available inpatient care database in the US. It contains data from five to eight million hospital stays from about 1,000 hospitals across the country and approximates a 20% sample of all US hospitals. ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify any of the following coded cardiac complications- 1) arrhythmias, 2) acute myocardial infarction (MI), 3) cardiogenic shock, 4) acute heart failure, and 5) conduction abnormalities. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the odds of various cardiac complications in patients with TTP compared to patients without TTP. Univariate analysis was done to compare baseline demographic and hospital characteristics between patients among TTP patients with and without cardiac complications. Data analysis was done using STATA version 13.0 (College Station, TX). Results Of the estimated total 4,367 TTP hospitalizations, 22.2 % (n=969) developed at least 1 of the above cardiac complications. Mean age of our cohort was 56.2±17.3, with the majority of patients being white (55.1%). Compared to those with TTP and no reported cardiac events, dyslipidemia (p=0.01) hypertension (p=0.001), peripheral vascular disease (p=0.03), acute kidney injury (p<0.001), chronic kidney disease (p=0.003), stroke (p=0.01), sepsis (p=0.01) and coronary artery disease (p<0.001) were more likely in patients with cardiac complications (Table 1). On multivariate analysis, patients with TTP were found to develop acute MI more commonly than patients without TTP (OR 5.22, 95% CI 3.81-7.15; p<0.001). Interestingly, acute heart failure was found to be less common in TTP patients (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.55-0.90; p=0.002). There was no significant difference in the incidence of arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock and conduction disorders among patients with TTP compared to patient without TTP (Figure 1). Conclusion In this study of large national database, acute MI was found to be the most common cardiac complication in patients with TTP. Although reported, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock and conduction disorders were not significantly associated with TTP. Table Characteristic TTP without Cardiac Complications (n=3,398) TTP with Cardiac Complications (n=969) p Age, mean ± SD 44.5±15.2 56.2±17.3 <0.001 Sex 0.094 Male 31.3 38.7 Female 68.7 61.3 Race 0.009 White 41.8 55.1 Black 45.1 33.5 Hispanic 8.3 4 Asian or Pacific Islander 1.1 3.5 Native American 0.7 0.6 Other 3 3.3 Primary Payer <0.001 Medicare 18.9 37.8 Medicaid 23.9 14.9 Private insurance 42.4 37.4 Self-pay 10.1 5 No charge 0.7 2 Other 4 2.9 Region 0.520 Northeast 15.6 18.2 Midwest 26.7 27.9 South 45.6 39.5 West 12.1 14.4 Comorbidities Smoking 26.8 26.2 0.871 Obesity 12.1 9.1 0.210 Dyslipidemia 13.2 21.9 0.009 Hypertension 50.3 62.9 0.001 DM 23.5 27.9 0.227 PVD 1.1 4.4 0.029 CAD 5.1 15.4 <0.001 AKI 35.5 61.1 <0.001 CKD 16.5 27.3 0.003 Stroke 4.9 11.8 0.007 Sepsis 3.9 9.7 0.01 AKI = Acute Kidney Injury; CAD = Coronary Artery Disease; CKD = Chronic Kidney Disease; DM = Diabetes Mellitus; PVD = Peripheral Vascular Disease Figure 1. Multivariate analysis of Cardiac Complications in TTP Figure 1. Multivariate analysis of Cardiac Complications in TTP Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Netherton, S., A. Leach, T. Hillier, and R. Woods. "P075: Impact of pit-crew CPR following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Saskatoon." CJEM 18, S1 (May 2016): S103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.251.
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Introduction: Between 1980 and 2008, survival rates following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have remained unchanged, averaging 7.6%. Despite the use of new and emerging technologies, new medications, and automated external defibrillators, survival remains low. Recently, a new focus in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has shown dramatic improvements in survival post OHCA. This new model, called pit-crew CPR, focuses on minimizing interruptions in chest compressions and has each team member playing a specific role in the resuscitation, akin to the pit-crew of a car race. Certain districts in the United States and Canada have adopted the pit-crew, or a similar, high quality, maximum time-on-chest CPR model, with much success. We aim to determine whether the pit-crew model of CPR improves survival following OHCA in Saskatoon, SK. Methods: In Saskatoon, EMS and Fire crews respond to OHCAs and have been exclusively using the pit-crew model of CPR since Jan 1st, 2015. This study is a before and after retrospective chart analysis, comparing two groups - pre and post implementation of the pit-crew CPR model. The primary outcome is survival to hospital discharge post OHCA. Secondary outcomes include survival to admission and any return of spontaneous circulation (as per the Utstein definition). The inclusion criteria are patients >18 years old with a witnessed OHCA of presumed cardiac origin who receive CPR by EMS/Fire within the Saskatoon Ambulance service (MD Ambulance) catchment area. Patients were excluded if the OHCA was unwitnessed, or if there was a presumed non-cardiac cause for the arrest, e.g. trauma. Results: In the pre-pit-crew model cohort, between Jan 1st, 2011 and Sept 31st, 2014, 455 OHCAs were analyzed. In this cohort 10.5% survived to discharge, 31.9% survived to admission and ROSC was achieved in 39% of cases. The percentage of patients with initial rhythms of VF/VT, asystole or PEA were 28.5% (26%), 41.5% (1%) and 23.6% (10%) respectively, with survival to discharge shown in parentheses. The post-pit-crew cohort is still in the data collection phase. Conclusion: Our pre-pit crew cohort data has been collected and analyzed. With ongoing data acquisition for the post-pit crew cohort, we hope to have the full data set complete by the end of 2018. It will be at that time when we are able to determine whether the pit-crew model of CPR improves survival to discharge following OHCA in Saskatoon.
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Abusafia, Ali H., Zakira Mamat, Nur Syahmina Rasudin, Mujahid Bakar, and Rohani Ismail. "Spiritual Care Competence among Malaysian Staff Nurses." Nurse Media Journal of Nursing 11, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v11i1.34757.
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Background: Perceptions and levels of understanding of spiritual care vary among nurses, which may affect their competency to meet the patient’s spiritual needs. Therefore, determining nurses' perception of spiritual care is the first important step in addressing the spiritual needs of patients, and may also help nursing management in developing spiritual care education and training programs.Purpose: This study aimed to assess the competence of Malaysian nurses toward providing spiritual care and identify the relationship between nurses’ spiritual care competence and their sociodemographic factors. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design to assess nurses' competence in spiritual care by using a simple random sampling method which involved 271 staff nurses from a public hospital in Northeast of Peninsular Malaysia. Spiritual care competence scale in Bahasa Malaysia version was used for data collection. Data analysis was performed using descriptive (frequency, percent, mean, standard deviation) and inferential (Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation test) statistics.Results: This study showed that 69.7% of staff nurses had an average level of competence toward providing spiritual care for the patients (M=95.44, SD=4.34). The highest mean difference among the domains was personal support and patients counseling (MD=5.789), while the lowest mean difference was assessment and implementation of spiritual care (MD=1.258). Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between spiritual care competence and sociodemographic factors (gender, age, marital status, educational level, nurses' experience, race, religion, and previous participation in training spiritual care programs).Conclusion: The majority of nurses have an average level of competence toward providing spiritual care. There is no significant relationship between nurses’ spiritual care competence and sociodemographic factors.
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Naidu, E. Deepak. "Design and Analysis of Eco Car Chassis with Different Profiles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 10, 2021): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36272.
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Formula Student Racing competitions are held at various Formula SAE circuits globally. Chassis serves as an important component in the race car design. Thus a solicitous analysis is expected out of the formula car. It is also noted that the weight of the car is inversely proportional to the performance of the car hence need for optimization. A high speed protection system plays a major role in the race car design such as front impact, rear impact, side impact and roll over analysis. Also, there exists a problem of the torsional rigidity as far the dynamics is considered. This paper aims at the design aspects and the analysis insights of the race car. The car is modelled according to the 95th percentile male that can fit inside the cockpit of the chassis. As the car travel at the high speed, the protection has been designed to the car in such a way that stresses are minimum and the performance is maximum. Finite element methods are used for the analysis and the design of experiments is created for the optimization of the chassis. To avoid any possibilities of failure of the structure and thus to provide enough supporting member to make the region stronger in term of deformation . Finite element analysis enables to predict the region that tends to fail due to loading, the distribution of stress and strain on the chassis, both component as well as the material costing. The main objective is to study the effect of the validations of the FEM result are given using the different profiles like RECTANGLE, CIRCULAR, AND I SHAPE convergence methods for car body and the equipment. Keywords:-Chassis design; cross sections; Static analysis; Model analysis
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Barga, Matthew, Yann G. Guezennec, and Giorgio Rizzoni. "Race car trajectory determination by multi‐source acoustic emission analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106, no. 4 (October 1999): 2277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.427786.
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Biradar, Ashwini, Atul Patil, and K. K. Dhande. "Shock absorber design and analysis for off road race car." Materials Today: Proceedings 44 (2021): 4997–5003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.941.
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Kataoka-Yahiro, Merle R., James Davis, Lana Sue Ka’opua, and Angela Sy. "Sociodemographic Characteristics and Preferences for Family (Informal) and Formal Caregiver Help With ADLs." Home Health Care Management & Practice 31, no. 2 (October 8, 2018): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1084822318801811.
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The purpose of this article was to compare sociodemographic characteristics and various care preferences for family and formal caregivers help with activities of daily living (ADLs). The sample was 56,337 noninstutionalized U.S. civilian adults, 40 to 65 years of age. This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS)—2011 to 2014. Respondents’ sociodemographic characteristics and various care preferences for caregiver help with ADLs were analyzed. Subsequent analysis examined associations using adjusted multivariable logistic regression models. Preference for family caregivers help with ADLs was independently and significantly associated with race/ethnicity, age, gender, education, acculturation, and income. Future studies need to examine sociodemographic characteristics and caregiver preferences to tailor health care services for aging adults in the United States.
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Higgins, Maura P. "Parental Bereavement and Religious Factors." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 45, no. 2 (October 2002): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/raut-e0rx-tle5-au8y.
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There is a long held theory that religiosity provides comfort in times of bereavement. The purpose of this study is to examine religious factors and their relationship with depression as measured by the short CES-D scale in respondents that have experienced the death of a child. It is hypothesized that religious variables including a belief in afterlife and frequency of attendance at religious services will have a relationship with depression, with respondents who have higher measures of religiosity on these measures experiencing lower levels of depression. The research design is a secondary analysis of a single survey with data from the American Changing Lives Data Set, 1986, Wave 1. The study utilizes multiple regression analysis. The results of the study only weakly support the hypothesis that religious factors have a relationship with depression. Other variables, including, sex, marital status, race, age, family income, and education appear to have a stronger relationship with depression than religious factors. The study suggests that marital status has the strongest relationship with depression for women, and education has the strongest relationship with depression for men. The study's conclusion suggests that married women, and men with a higher level of education experience lower levels of depression.
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Chen, Yeh-Hsin, Zhen-Qiang Ma, and Sharon M. Watkins. "Effects of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics on Childhood Blood Lead Testing and Elevated Blood Lead Levels, A Pennsylvania Birth Cohort Analysis." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211017780.
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Background: Despite declining lead exposure among U.S. children, childhood blood lead level (BLL) undertesting and elevation remains a public health issue. This study explores the impacts of maternal, infant, and neighborhood characteristics on the receipt of lead testing and having elevated BLLs (EBLLs) among children under age two. Methods: Pennsylvania infants born in 2015 and 2016 were followed to 24 months. Birth certificate data were linked to 2015 through 2018 blood lead surveillance data and neighborhood data on household income, poverty, and the burden of houses built before 1970. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine the individual and neighborhood characteristics independently and/or interactively affecting the likelihood of lead testing and of having EBLLs. Results: A total of 48.6% of children were tested for BLLs, and 2.6% of them had confirmed EBLLs. The likelihood of lead testing and of having EBLLs among non-Hispanic black children was respectively 7% and 18% higher than white children. Children born to mothers with the lowest educational attainment (<high school), with self-payment as a payment source for delivery, and without WIC enrollment were at higher risk of undertesting. Children living in neighborhoods of the lowest quartile of household income and the highest quartile of poverty and old housing were more likely to have EBLLs. Different neighborhood characteristics modified the associations between some individual factors (such as race/ethnicity, payment source for delivery, and WIC enrollment) and the odds of undertesting and of having EBLLs. Conclusion: This cohort analysis provides more accurate estimates of lead screening rates and the percentages of EBLLs than cross-sectional analysis. Some maternal and infant demographics significantly impact the risk of undertesting and of having EBLLs, and some of the effects vary across different neighborhood characteristics. These findings can help lead prevention programs to target screening and treatment resources to children with specific characteristics.
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Baier, Andrzej, Łukasz Grabowski, Łukasz Stebel, Mateusz Komander, Przemysław Konopka, Alicja Kołodziej, and Paweł Żur. "Numeric analysis of airflow around the body of the Silesian Greenpower vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 05014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817805014.
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Numerical analysis of drag values of an electric race car's body. Silesian Greenpower is a student organization specializing in electric race car design. One of the most important issues during the design is reducing the vehicle drag to minimum and is done, mainly, by designing a streamline car body. The aim of this work was to design two electric cars bodies with different shape in Siemens NX CAD software, next a finite elements mesh was created and implemented into the ANSYS Workbench 16.1 software. Afterwards an aerodynamic analysis was carried out, using the finite element method (FEM). Simulations and calculations have been performed in ANSYS Fluent: CFD Simulation software. Computer simulation allowed to visualize the distribution of air pressure on and around car, the air velocity distribution around the car and aerodynamics streamline trajectory. The results of analysis were used to determine the drag values of electric car and determine points of the highest drag. In conclusion car body representing lower drag was appointed. The work includes theoretical introduction, containing information about finite element method, ANSYS and Siemens NX software and also basic aerodynamics laws.
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Gössel, F., E. Michler, and B. Wrase. "Spectral analysis of Floating Car Data." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-139-2003.
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Abstract. Floating Car Data (FCD) are one important data source in traffic telematic systems. The original variable in these systems is the vehicle velocity. The paper analyses the measured value “vehicle velocity" by methods of information technology. Consequences for processing, transmission and storage of FCD under condition of limited resources are discussed. Starting point of the investigation is the analysis of spectral characteristics of velocity-time-profiles. The spectra are determined by the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) from measurement data and simulation data of a microscopic traffic model. One essential property of velocity-time-profiles is their low-pass characteristic. The resulting cut-off-frequency is comparatively small and depends on the traffic scenario. Conclusions concerning the necessary sample rate in FCD systems and the processing of raw data are discussed. Finally the transinformation of velocity-time-profiles is analysed. This results in similar values for an optimal sample rate of FCD systems under condition of limited transmission capacity.
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Chen, Chu Wei, Wei Du, Jia Qi Sun, Wei Liu, Yuan Chang, and Wei Dong. "Simulation Analysis and Design of Intake Restrictor of FSAE Race Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 751–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.751.
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For the intake restrictors which are designed in line with FSAE race stipulations, this paper carries out compute simulation on the convergent section and divergent section of the intake restrictors via CFD software; the paper systemically analyzes the distribution characters of its flow field, thus obtaining optimal design scheme. It finds through simulation that: when the converging half angle of the restrictor is less than 45°, the outlet flow of the restrictor will decrease as the converging half angle increases; meanwhile, the divergence half angle will affect the outlet flow of the restrictor as the pressure difference between the restrictor inlet and outlet varies. According to the simulation results, the optimal scheme finally designed is: the intake restrictor has the best effect when the converging half angle of the restrictor is 10°, while the divergence half angle is 11°.