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Keith, Brandon P. "Southern rock music as a cultural form." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003110.
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Manquehual, Cristobal. "Head Race Tunnel Melado Hydropower Plant, Chile : Optimization in Excavation and Rock Support." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for geologi og bergteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-20103.
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The present thesis is to focus on the two head race tunnels within the Melado HPP, Chile. The upstream tunnel is called Castillo 7800 m long and the downstream tunnel is called Vallical 8800 m long.The feasibility study of this project was carried in 2010. The resulting report from this study was used as a basis for this thesis. Along with all the background information obtained from the feasibility studies, there are some other sources gotten from field investigation tests carried out after the end of the feasibility report.Based on all the information collected, a new rock mass classification was carried out, identifying all the geological stretches for both tunnels. This classification was undertaken according to the RMR system (Bieniawski, 1973) and the Q-system (NGI, 1974). The support required for both tunnels was estimated mainly based on empirical rock support methods. Numerical model by means of software Phase 2 as well as ground behavior analysis were carried out to provide a better understanding of actual problems expected during excavation that are not always cover by the empirical methods.Once there was a clear understating of the rock masses involved in both tunnels along with their corresponding rock support, some analysis related to the tunnels were performed to improve the economical benefit of the whole project.The first economic analysis undertaken was the optimum cross section for Drill & Blast excavation method. A detail analysis that systematizes the cost and advance rate involved in the round cycle of the Drill & Blast excavation method and rock support was used. A thorough analysis of energy losses was also carried out as well, making a distinction between unlined, shotcrete lined and reinforced shotcrete ribs tunnel stretches. The existing cross section of 6.9 m horse shoe shape tunnel turned out to be very small. The new optimum cross section for Castillo tunnel was 8.7 m diameter and 9 m diameter for Vallical tunnel. The second economic analysis was a tunnel alignment change in order to improve some blast design parameters in stretches where their tunnel axis orientation was close to predominant joint set. In any of the two tunnel stretches analyzed turned out to be economically convenient to extend the tunnel for this purpose, even though the safety factor for the crew was not included.Also, the convenience of extra adits was carried out. In fact, the layout of the feasibility report included one extra adit for each tunnel in order to have an earlier tunnel completion. The findings suggest that these adits are not economically convenient as long as the project’s electromechanical equipments take 34 months from their manufacturing to their assembly on project cavern.
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Louchnikov, Vadim. "A numerical investigation into the stress memory effect in rocks." Click here to access, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37740.
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Reliable and inexpensive methods of in-situ stress measurement have been sought for more than 40 years. A number of non-destructive core-based methods of in-situ stress determination are currently available, among which Deformation Rate Analysis ' DRA ' and Acoustic Emissions ' AE ' method have the most promising potential due to their ability to measure stress as opposed to strain, which is measured by strain recovery techniques. The DRA and AE method are similar in their utilisation of a phenomenon termed Kaiser effect in the case of AE and deformation memory effect in the case of DRA. The KE/DME is defined as a recollection of a maximum stress a rock core had been subjected prior to its retrieval from the in-situ environment. The physical nature of this phenomenon has not however been universally established. In this study, interaction of microcracks as the most probable cause of the KE/DME, was investigated. To reproduce the damage that occurs to rock at the micro level, a discrete element modelling code was required, which enabled dynamic failure propagation to be modelled. Commercially available code PFC [ superscript 2D ] was found to be suitable for this purpose due to its ability to explicitly model mechanical damage in rocks. The numerical model was based on a real prototype - a sandstone rock core, which had also been previously subjected to the DRA. Although the bulk of the numerical tests were conducted on intact rock models, it was found that changes in the lithology and introduction of discontinuities did not have significant effect on the DME. Influence of the confining stress on the DME was confirmed. It was assumed that only the highest historical stress could be determined reliably using the DRA technique. The ability of the numerical model to reproduce the DME was validated. The link between the DME and development of microcracks was established. The results of the study encourage further use of the code for understanding the micromechanical behaviour of rocks under loading.Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--Australian School of Petroleum, 2004.
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Haile, Estifanos. "Groundwater chemistry and recharge rate in crystalline rocks : case study from the Eritrean highland /." Stockholm: Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4085.
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ALCALA, ANTONIO L. "Determinacao de elementos terras raras em rochas por analise por ativacao com neutrons com separacao pre-irradiacao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1991. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10261.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:36:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 04223.pdf: 1419857 bytes, checksum: c459646dde6311c48fc0d2d70d417684 (MD5)
Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Leuta, Tsepang Cecillia. "Evaluating the rate of rock art deterioration in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park, KwaZulu-Natal." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02232010-121907/.
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Benezra, Samuel Kelly. "White Man (In Hammersmith Palais): Punk, Immigration, and the Politics of Race in 1970s England." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1525455170795717.
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Castillo, C��rdenas C��sar Ignacio. "La ideolog��a del rock pol��tico: Rage Against The Machine." Thesis, Universidad de las Am��ricas Puebla, 2011. http://catarina.udlap.mx/u_dl_a/tales/documentos/lri/castillo_c_ci/.
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Kosarev, Svetla [Verfasser]. "Effekte der Inhibition von ROCK und Rac1 auf Neuronen / Svetla Kosarev." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035638304/34.
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Bustami, Nidal M. W. A. "Experimental investigation on the effect of stress-rate and strain-rate on the mechanical properties of rock." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296153.
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Warren, A. "Cooling-rate dependence of intensity of thermoremanence and the effect of oxidation on TRM-carrying Feâ†3Oâ†4." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386697.
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Sears, Morgan M. "Implementing energy release rate calculations into the LaModel program." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10712.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
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Aritonovich, Dana. "The Only Common Thread: Race, Youth, and the Everyday Rebellion of Rock and Roll, Cleveland, Ohio, 1952-1966." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1276093554.
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Bagheri, Meghdad. "Experimental investigation of the time- and rate-dependent behaviour of unsaturated clays." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/55534/.
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With the aim to achieve a better understanding of the time- and rate-dependent behaviour of unsaturated clays, particularly stiff natural clays, a critical review of the literature and a program of laboratory testing were carried out as part of this research. With emphasis on examining the effect of suction on viscous response, mainly primary and secondary consolidation (creep), stress-relaxation, and rate-dependency, a series of conventional multi-stage loading (MSL) oedometer tests, long-term single-stage loading (SSL) oedometer tests, and advanced constant-rate-of-strain (CRS) oedometer tests were carried out on natural and corresponding reconstituted specimens of a stiff clay namely, London Clay, retrieved from a site in the Isle of Sheppey, UK. The results obtained provide a significant contribution to the existing database and address important knowledge gaps highlighted from the literature review. The experimental studies performed included; a) An investigation of the effect of water reservoir surface roughness on the cavitation mechanism and performance of a newly designed high-capacity tensiometer (HCT), with regard maximum sustainable suction (smax) and maximum duration of measurements (tmax). b) An examination of the influence of soil suction on the primary and secondary consolidation of natural and reconstituted London Clay from a set of MSL and SSL oedometer tests. c) Characterisation of the stress-relaxation behaviour of the reconstituted London Clay subjected to suction and strain-rate variations from a set of CRS oedometer tests in an in-house designed suction-monitored cell. d) An examination of the coupled effects of suction and strain-rate on one-dimensional (1D) stress-strain response of reconstituted London Clay. Based on the experimental findings, the validity of the empirical relationships proposed in the literature for correlating time- and rate-dependency coefficients was examined and necessary modifications were proposed. The main experimental findings can be outlined as: - The mechanism of cavitation in tensiometers is indeed influenced by the surface roughness of the water reservoir. The new approach for expanding the range and duration of suction measurements for a newly designed HCT, based on hydrophilic coating of the reservoir walls, sounds promising. - The compression index (Cc) and creep index (Cαe) and the ratio α = Cαe/Cc for Sheppey London Clay are stress- and suction-dependent. The hypothesis of constant α for natural clays, as suggested by Mesri et al. (1994), is therefore rejected. - The volumetric creep deformations of unsaturated stiff clays appear to be relatively simply modelled by a creep law based on a power function. - A coupled effect of suction and strain-rate on 1D compression response was identified. At a constant suction, the higher the strain-rate, the higher the apparent preconsolidation pressure (σ'p). Similarly, at a constant strain-rate, the higher the suction, the higher the σ'p. - The values of relaxation coefficient (Rα) differ in saturated and unsaturated states. However, a clear relationship between Rα and suction was not found. The Rα = Cαe/Cc relationship, suggested by Yin et al. (2014) for saturated soft clays, appears, with an approximation, to be valid for the unsaturated stiff London Clay in the range of applied vertical stresses and soil suctions in this study. - The process of stress-relaxation in unsaturated clays is highly influenced by factors such as soil suction, pre-relaxation strain, stress, and strain-rate.
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Turner, David James. "Reflectance spectroscopy and imaging spectroscopy of rare earth element-bearing mineral and rock samples." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52954.
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A significant knowledge gap between the fields of reflectance spectroscopy and rare earth element (REE) mineralogy prompted this research effort. It narrows the knowledge gap through detailed study of thirty three samples representing three important mineral classes: REE fluorocarbonates (bastnaesite, synchysite, and parisite), REE phosphates (monazite, xenotime, and britholite), and REE-bearing silicates (cerite, mosandrite, kainosite, zircon and eudialyte). Reflectance spectroscopy was carried out in the visible to short wave infrared regions (500 nm to 2500 nm) and each sample was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis.
Spectral features of these minerals are primarily related to numerous 4f-4f intraconfigurational electronic transitions of trivalent lanthanides (Ln³+), as well as 5f-5f electronic transitions of uranium and vibrational overtones and combinations of CO₃²-, H₂O, PO₄³- and OH- where applicable. In general, the respective spectra of these REE minerals are sufficiently distinct for spectral classifications, and compilation diagrams with representative spectra are given.
Broadly speaking, the light REE-enriched minerals are dominated by sharp absorptions related to Nd³+, Sm³+, and Pr³+ with lesser input from Eu³+, whereas heavy REE-enriched minerals are dominated by sharp spectral features related to Er³+, Dy³+ and Yb³+ with lesser input from Nd³+, Tb³+, Ho³+ and Tm³+ depending on their specific concentrations. For those minerals that do not show strong preference for light or heavy REE, a mixed set of absorption patterns is seen. Spectral variability of specific 4f-4f absorptions were substantial between different minerals and these variations are interpreted to be driven by the specific anion coordination at the Ln³+site across various crystal structures. Shifts in wavelength position and relative strengths of related absorptions can be significant enough to be highly relevant for hyperspectral remote sensing. This is especially applicable for REE mineral identification in field-based settings and high spatial resolution imaging spectroscopy.
Three themes of ongoing and potential research are discussed: additional REE mineral spectroscopy, exploitation of diagnostic features for REE mineral detection and identification, and REE ore grade estimation. Overall, the research presented in this dissertation sets the foundation for future interpretation and exploitation of reflectance spectra for the REE minerals.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Park, Junhyeok, and Junhyeok Park. "Estimation of Rock Comminution Characteristics by Using Drill Penetration Rates." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621838.
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The characterization of rock properties is a vital task in the challenge for hard rock mining operation. A simplified and straightforward characterization of rock properties provides information about the safety of ground structure (e.g. slope, tunnel, etc.), and the strategy to improve productivity in terms of rock breakage process. The penetration-rate of drilling has been proposed to quantify the comminution characteristics of rock by virtue of real-time logging of drilling performance otherwise the data is obtained from a time- and cost-consuming laboratory test; this is called measurement while drilling. In the mining industry, this technique can be a useful tool that has allowed for the meticulous and routine data collection of geological information from blasthole drilling operations. In this study, the mechanical performance of drill and its interaction with the rock properties is investigated in laboratory scale. The rock properties include tensile strength, hardness, and grindability, which is considered as the influential parameters of the required energy consumption for the comminution processes. For sandstone samples, the penetration-rate data shows a good correlation with tensile strength, hardness, and Bond work index; this implies that penetration-rate data can be a good indicator to estimate comminution characteristics. Additionally we carried out the same test with limestone samples. Second, field study is conducted to investigate the interaction between current blast design and rock fragmentation. Fabricating the blast design and fragmentation through the blast operation might enable to construct proper strategy to reduce the energy cost of downstream processes including crushing and grinding by using the rock characteristics measured from the blasthole drilling. The concept of this process is a part of Mine-to-Mill optimization. The thesis proposed the blueprint of Mine-to-Mill optimization, providing a guideline for further in-situ research.
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Nock, Erin Elizabeth. "A simple GIS approach to predicting rare plant habitat north central Rocky Mountains, United States Forest Service, Region One /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102008-173011/.
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Geelen, Lucas J. "A preliminary study of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateris MacDonnell Ranges race) in the A_nangu Pitjantjatjara lands, South Australia /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AEVH/09aevhg297.pdf.
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Swatton, Rodney M. "Time-motion analysis and heart rate telemetry of rock wall and ropes course activities in children." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26332.
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The purpose of this study was to describe, using time motion analysis and heart rate telemetry, the intensity and movement characteristics in rock wall and ropes course activities. Twenty elementary school children were divided into high and low strength groups based on their performance of a 1 repetition maximal (1 RM) bench press test. Each student was required to complete the rock wall and ropes course circuit which consisted of 12 climbing related segments. Results revealed that the mean heart rate intensity for the entire circuit was 80.6% over a mean duration of 36 minutes 20 seconds. The high strength group had a lower mean heart rate and a shorter duration for the entire circuit. The correlation between predicted V02 max and total duration was moderate (r = $-$0.39), suggesting that aerobic fitness level influenced performance.
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Almuslmani, Bandar Saleh. "Estimation of Arabian rigid plate motion and strain rate accumulation within the Arabian plate using GPS measurements." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/30920/.
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The Arabian plate is classified as medium sized. It is surrounded by the Nubian, Somalian, Eurasian and Indian plates. Previous investigations of present-day kinematics of the Arabian plate using GPS measurements were primarily obtained from stations located on surrounding plates, with few stations actually located on the Arabian plate itself. Due to the inhomogeneous distribution of these GPS stations and the fact that some of these were actually located in the plate boundary zone, the motion of Arabia was only sensed in a few locations of the rigid plate interior. Through the establishment of GPS networks in Saudi Arabia, the aim of this study was to compute an updated estimate for the absolute and relative motion of the Arabian plate Euler pole and rotation rate. Then to investigate, at the regional scale, the strain rate accumulation within the Arabian plate. Then, to investigate, at a local scale, the strain rate accumulation in the tectonically active south-western part of Saudi Arabia. The results of this study are on absolute motion model for the Arabian plate which is significantly different from those obtained in previous studies, as a result of the number of stations used and their distribution. This does not mean that the previous studies were in error, but that they suffered from a lack of evenly distributed geodetic data for Arabia. Hence, this study result is a new contribution to the knowledge of Arabian plate motion. The results of this study for the relative motion model of the Arabian plate with respect to the Eurasian, Nubian and Somalian plates confirms the results from previous studies, and confirms that the Arabian plate motion is slowing down. This study has also shown that, in general, the strain values are low in most of the Arabian plate, where there is a compression in the north-east to south-west directions and an extension in the north-west to south-east direction, except in two areas, the north-west, close to the Aqaba Gulf and the Dead Sea fault, and the southwest where there are high strain values and variable directions for the principle strain. Furthermore, this study agrees with geologic studies in that there is a compression north-east to south-west and extension north-west to south-east between Farasan Island and the coast of the Red Sea.
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Te, Aho Murray. "Shore Platform observation at Tatapouri and Mahia Peninsula, New Zealand." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2287.
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Measuring the shore platform width might be an effective way to measure the rate of coastal retreat. The processes controlling shore platforms are a highly debated topic throughout the coastal science community. Some researchers believe that marine processes control them and other researchers believe that physical weathering is responsible. This study determined the relationship between rock mass classification systems and shore platform widths as a diagnostic tool to predict the rate of recession. Testing took place along the Mahia Peninsula and Tatapouri on the East Coast of New Zealand. A Garmin eTrex hand-held GPS unit was used to map both the cliff base position and the edge boundary of the shore platform. Data analysis for Mahia Peninsula showed a linear relationship with a r2 value of 68% with a negative regression line. The data for Tatapouri showed that there was no linear relationship, but has an r2 value of 68% when a polynomial fit to the 2nd order was apply to the data (appendix). The estimated rate of erosion, ranges from 0.61 to 17.8 0.06 mm y-1 for Mahia Peninsula and 1.32 to 16.45 0.08 mm y-1 for Tatapouri.
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Wall, Meagan. "An oil-source rock correlation examining the potential of the Chattanooga shale as a source rock for oil within the Spivey-Grabs-Basil Field, Kingman and Harper Counties, Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19013.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Geology
Matthew Totten
Oil production in Kansas has a long history with plays being found on all sides of the state. The source of Kansas’s hydrocarbons has been traditionally thought to be outside the state due to low thermal maturity and the shallow burial of potential source rocks within Kansas. This research addresses the question regarding the source of the oil in Kansas, at least within a small geographic area of roughly 146mi[superscript]2. The Spivey-Grabs-Basil Field has been one of the more successful fields within the state of Kansas since the 1960’s. This field is compartmentalized and offers a natural laboratory in which to conduct the field’s first formal oil-source rock correlation since oils are locked into place. While the main focus of this research relies heavily on pyrolysis and GCMS for biomarker analysis, it also investigates the possibility of using rare earth element (REE) concentrations as a possible fingerprint of organic matter within a source bed. TOC values of the Chattanooga shale samples from the Spivey-Grabs-Basil filed range from 0.75 and 3.95 wt. %, well within productive capacity. Pyrograms show both the potential for additional production, and the likely previous expulsion of hydrocarbons. Biomarker concentration percentages between C[subscript]27, C[subscript]28, and C[subscript]29 steranes, as well as pentacyclic terpane ratios compared between crude oil from the Spivey-Grabs-Basil and the Chattanooga shale show a definite genetic relationship. REE values of the organic fraction of the Chattanooga inversely correlate with those of the crude oils, suggesting fractionation during oil generation. After comparison of results with the Woodford shale in Oklahoma, the conclusion of this study is that the Chattanooga shale which underlies the Spivey-Grabs-Basil oil field of southern Kansas is the probable source rock which generated the oil now being produced.
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Cheng, Hua. "Hydrodynamic control of retention in heterogeneous aquifers and fractured rock." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : KTH Architecture and the Built Environment, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-496.
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Levy, Foster, and Elaine S. Walker. "Vascular Flora of the Rocky Fork Tract, Tennessee, USA, and Its Use in Conservation and Management." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/709.
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A flora of the 3800 ha Rocky Fork Tract in northeast Tennessee produced 749 species of which 19 were on the Tennessee Rare Plant List and 34 were on the Cherokee National Forest Species Viability List with 87 county records from Greene County and 217 from Unicoi County. Rare species were particularly numerous in the Cyperaceae and Orchidaceae. The tract serves as a refuge for several regionally uncommon species by supporting either large populations or metapopulations of these species. Exotic species comprised 15% of the flora and were most common in the Fabaceae and Poaceae. The most unique habitat was a heath bald dominated by Rhododendron catawbiense with abundant Xerophyllum asphodeloides in the herbaceous layer. While species richness was relatively high compared to regional sites of comparable area, diversity was limited by the absence of high elevation spruce-fir communities and the paucity of wetlands.
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Gurney, Emily Oskin Michael. "Camp Rock fault slip rate and folding of the Lenwood anticline contributions to eastern California shear zone strain accumulation /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1813.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). ". in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Geological Sciences." Discipline: Geology; Department/School: Geological Sciences.
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Dowman, Sarah. "Mapeando la cultura Kruda: Hip-Hop, Punk Rock y performances queer latino contemporáneo." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1363463760.
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Davidson, Gregg Randall 1963. "Geochemical and isotopic investigation of the rate and pathway of fluid flow in partially-welded fractured unsaturated tuff." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191194.
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Fluid flow rates and pathways in partially-welded, fractured, unsaturated tuff are investigated in a sloping borehole (DSB-1) cored from the surface to a perched aquifer at the Apache Leap near Superior, Arizona. Suspected water-bearing fractures were identified in the borehole using video and geophysical logs. Pore water extracted from cores associated with these fractures proved to have elevated ¹⁴C activity relative to pore waters from intermediate depths. Pore water from the deepest fracture interval contained post-bomb ¹⁴C. Low tritium concentrations in most samples indicates imbibition from each flow is small relative to the volume of water in the pores, but cumulative imbibition over time is significant based on ¹⁴C distribution through the unsaturated zone. The saturated zone beneath DSB-1 is a mixture of fracture flows with older aquifer water. Estimates based on ¹⁴C and ³H data indicate half of the water in the local aquifer originated from fractures near DSB-1. Geochernical models incorporating pore-water, surface-runoff, aquifer-water and mineral chemistry suggest that fracture flow may also be the predominant source of recharge for the older aquifer water. Water and carbon are extracted from core samples using uni-axial compression and a new vacuum distillation technique. Distillation is shown to be an effective method when carbon extraction is not possible by other methods. Mass yields from distillation provide evidence that there may be a substantial reservoir of carbon adsorbed to mineral phases. Carbon-14 activity of formation air samples from intervals with low air permeability reflect the composition of water imbibed from fracture flows at those depths. In zones of higher permeability, atmospheric contamination is suspected even though SF₆ (injected as a tracer during drilling) concentrations had not diminished. An independent investigation on the carbon isotopic composition of soil-zone CO₂ demonstrates the need to correct soil-respired CO₂ samples for CO₂ contamination in base reagents and for fractionation during sample collection. The minimum δ¹³C-shift from soil CO₂ to soil-respired CO₂ is also shown to be a function of the δ¹³C of soil organic material rather than a fixed 4.4%₀ as previously thought.
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Navarro, Margareth Sugano. "A implantação de rotina, e seu refinamento, para a determinação de elementos Terras Raras em materiais geológicos por ICP-OES e ICP-MS. Aplicação ao caso dos granitóides de Piedade-Ibiúna (SP) e Cunhaporanga (PR)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44135/tde-15052008-084945/.
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No presente trabalho são descritas as etapas de desenvolvimento e implantação das rotinas analíticas utilizando ICP-OES e ICP-MS para a determinação de elementos terras raras em materiais geológicos. A implantação inclui determinações comparativas de vários granitóides dos maciços ou complexos Ibiúna-Piedade, SP, e Cunhaporanga, PR, já previamente analisados por meio de ICP-MS e INAA (Universidade Kansas, em Lawrence, USA). Através de uma pequena modificação no método inicial, os limites de detecção para a análise dos ETR por ICP-OES foram melhorados para concentrações próximas à 10 vezes o condrito. Porém para a análise de ETR em materiais geológicos com valores inferiores a estes é necessária a utilização de uma técnica mais sensível como o ICP-MS. A técnica ICP-MS não é livre de problemas sendo necessárias correções de interferências moleculares e drift instrumental para a obtenção de resultados com precisão e exatidão adequados. Realizou-se a etapa de validação do método utilizando materiais de referência internacionais geológicos. A análise estatística dos resultados obtidos utilizando três métodos de abertura de amostra (ataque ácido em forno de microondas, em bombas tipo Parr e fusão alcalina) mostrou a possibilidade de utilização do ataque ácido em forno de microondas e da fusão alcalina com posterior separação cromatográfica como alternativas eficientes para a determinação de ETR apesar da baixa eficiência nas recuperações dos elementos Zr e Hf em rochas ácidas e gnáissicas equivalentes.The steps for the development of the analytical routines leading to the determination of the rare earth elements (REE) with the use of ICP-AES and ICP-MS techniques are discussed in this contribution. The set-up of these routines was also evaluated with determinations of REE in several granitoid rocks from the Piedade-Ibiuna (SP) and Cunhaporanga (PR) complexes, and the results compared with those obtained in other laboratories (University of Kansas, Lawrence) with ICP-MS and INAA. The work previously performed for the adaptation of REE determination with ICPAES was reviewed, allowing analyses to be realized with better results for concentrations close to 10 times the chondrite value. At lower concentrations, REE analysis have to be performed with ICP-MS. The ICP-MS technique shows much better accuracy and precision than ICPAES, but presents problems of its own. Instrumental drift corrections, as well as corrections due to molecular interferences, are mandatory. Evaluation of the successfully adapted routines was realized analyzing international reference materials several times and applying statistical tests. A comparison of results with three dissolution techniques (acid attack in microwave oven, use of Parr type bombs, and alkaline fusion with borates) showed that both acid attack and alkaline fusion with later chromatographic separation are rather efficient alternatives for the determination of REE, although Zr and Hf are not fully recovered in many acid igneous and equivalent gneissic rocks.
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Heaverlo, Nicholas D. "Stress and strain rate estimates associated with penetrative deformation of the Harkless quartzite aureole rocks, Papoose Flat Pluton, California/Using structure contour maps to analyze subsurface 3D fault geometry along segments of the Moine Thrust." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/48425.
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Dynamically recrystallized quartz microstructures preserved in contact aureoles allow for stress and strain rate estimates associated with penetrative deformation of rocks surrounding pluton margins. Microstructural analysis of the Harkless quartzites surrounding the western margin of Papoose Flat pluton indicates that recrystallization occurred by grain boundary migration with mean recrystallized grain size ranging from 86-225 µm. The application of three calibrated piezometers results in differential stress estimates between ~11 and ~29 MPa. Published wet-quartzite dislocation creep flow laws combined with deformation temperature, water fugacity, and differential stress estimates infer strain rates that range from 1.2 x 10⁻¹⁴ s⁻¹ to 2.3 x 10⁻¹² s⁻¹.
In order to analyze 3D subsurface fault geometry along map-pattern curves (salients and recesses), a structure contour map of the Moine thrust, extending from the North Coast southwards to the Dundonnel area, was constructed from 1:50,000 scale British Geological Survey (BGS) maps by correlating between elevation control points constrained by the intersection of the fault trace with topographic contours. The structure contour map indicates significant lateral variation in fault geometry along the Moine thrust, with recesses associated with antiformal corrugations in the subsurface and salients characterized by planar geometries or broad synformal corrugations. Additionally, structure contour maps constructed on the Glencoul thrust, as depicted by original BGS maps confirms that the thrust segments to the NE and SW of Loch Glencoul are part of the same structure, rather than different structures separated by a lateral ramp as shown on more recent BGS maps.Master of Science
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Smith, Karen L. "The effects of contemporary rock and roll music on duration, VO2, blood pressure, heart rate and perceived exertion in females aged 18-31 years /." Connect to online version, 1987. http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/43862.
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Riostantieka, Mayandari Shoedarto. "Water and rock geochemical characterization to clarify fluid circulation process in transitional geothermal reservoir with a case study of the Wayang Windu field, West Java, Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253261.
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Miura, Noriko, Yoshihiro Asahara, and Iwao Kawabe. "Rare earth element and Sr isotopic study of the Middle Permian limestone-dolostone sequence in Kuzuu area, central Japan: Seawater tetrad sffect and Sr isotopic signatures of seamount-type carbonate rocks." Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Nagoya University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7643.
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BOURLEGAT, FERNANDA M. LE. "Disponibilidade de metais em amostras de fosfogesso e fertilizantes fosfatados utilizados na agricultura." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2010. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9582.
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IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Bourne, Mark David. "Palaeomagnetic and geochemical characterisation of geomagnetic excursions in the Quaternary." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6315dfb6-052e-4c44-8bb1-7121cc485300.
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Geomagnetic excursions, brief deviations in geomagnetic field behaviour from that expected during 'normal' secular variation, remain some of the most enigmatic features of geomagnetic field behaviour. This thesis presents high-resolution records of geomagnetic excursions recorded at the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge in the Western North Atlantic. The highest resolution record yet of the Blake geomagnetic excursion (~125 ka) is measured in three cores from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1062 (ODP Leg 172). These cores have sufficiently high sedimentation rates (>10 cm ka-1) to allow detailed reconstruction of the field behaviour at these sites during the excursions. Previous reconstructions of geomagnetic field behaviour during excursions from marine cores have been limited by low-resolution age models. This thesis discusses a new approach, whereby measurements of excess 230Th (230Thxs) are used to constrain relative variations in sedimentation rate. Modifications are suggested to the methods previously used to calculate the concentration of 230Thxs and a new MATLAB® program is developed and described that allows rapid and flexible calculation of 230Thxs. Using this new approach, the duration (6.5±1.3 kyr) and age (129-122 ka) of the Blake excursion are accurately constrained. A palaeomagnetic study is also conducted on two ODP Sites, 1061 and 1062 on the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge to obtain a high-resolution record of the Laschamp geomagnetic excursion (~41 ka). The Blake excursion is found to be of 'long' duration (6.5±1.3 kyr) whilst the Laschamp excursion is relatively short (<400 years) showing that excursions do not have a characteristic duration, linked to the conductivity of the inner core, but instead occupy a continuous range of durations. The records of both the Blake excursion and the Laschamp excursion from the Blake-Bahama Ridge sites also show rapid transitions to excursional geomagnetic pole positions (less than 500 years), much faster than often quoted for full geomagnetic reversals. Based on current estimates for reversal durations, this would imply that excursions and reversals are controlled by different processes.
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Martínez, Ibáñez Víctor. "Effects of high temperatures in the physical, mechanical, and drilling features of Prada limestone." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2023. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171023.
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Tesis por compendio[ES] Esta investigación se centra en la caliza de Prada, una formación del Cretácico inferior ubicada en la zona sur pirenaica de Cataluña (España). Se tomaron muestras de roca de sondeos perforados durante la etapa de diseño del túnel de Tres Ponts. El trabajo aquí presentado explora diferentes aspectos relacionados con el comportamiento térmi-co de la caliza de Prada y las consecuencias derivadas en el túnel de Tres Ponts. En primer lugar, este trabajo describe la variación en las propiedades texturales, físicas y mecánicas de la caliza de Prada después de ser sometida a temperaturas de entre 105 y 600 ºC, y luego enfriada a un ritmo lento o mediante templado, y determina las tem-peraturas clave y los métodos de enfriamiento que afectan más la estabilidad en caso de incendio en el túnel de Tres Ponts. En segundo lugar, esta investigación se centra en las causas y mecanismos implicados en el comportamiento explosivo y la liberación de gas sulfuroso observado en una fracción gris oscuro de muestras de caliza de Prada. Las implicaciones de tales muestras de color gris oscuro son críticas en infraestructuras subterráneas y en minería, ya que el potencial explosivo de esas muestras conlleva el riesgo de fracturación masiva y de disminución brusca en la resistencia. Además, el gas sulfuroso liberado tiene efectos nocivos sobre la salud de las personas y el poten-cial de formar compuestos ácidos que corroen los materiales, acortando su durabilidad y aumentando los costes de mantenimiento. Posteriormente, este trabajo determina si el tratamiento térmico sobre la caliza de Prada tiene un efecto significativo en facilitar su perforabilidad. Comprender la variación en el rendimiento de perforación de la caliza de Prada tratada térmicamente ayudaría a mejorar la eficiencia de los medios mecánicos de excavación. Finalmente, se proponen algunas correlaciones para deter-minar indirectamente las características de resistencia, deformación y perforabilidad de la caliza de Prada tras ser tratada térmicamente, a partir de pruebas simples, rápidas y no destructivas.
[CA] Aquesta investigació es centra en la calcària de Prada, una formació del Cretaci inferior situada a la zona sud pirinenca de Catalunya (Espanya). Es van prendre mostres de roca de sondejos perforats durant l'etapa de disseny del túnel de Tres Ponts. El treball aquí presentat explora diferents aspectes relacionats amb el comportament tèrmic de la calcària de Prada i les conseqüències derivades al túnel de Tres Ponts. En primer lloc, aquest treball descriu la variació en les propietats texturals, físiques i mecàniques de la calcària de Prada després de ser tractada a temperatures d'entre 105 i 600 ºC, i després refredada a un ritme lent o ràpid, i determina les temperatures clau i els mètodes de refredament que afecten més l'estabilitat en cas d'incendi al túnel de Tres Ponts. En segon lloc, aquesta investigació es centra en les causes i mecanismes implicats en el comportament explosiu i l'alliberament de gas sulfurós observat en una fracció gris fosc de mostres de calcària de Prada. Les implicacions de tals mostres de color gris fosc són crítiques en infraestructures subterrànies i en mineria, ja que el potencial explosiu d'aquestes mostres comporta el risc de fracturació massiva i de disminució brusca en la resistència. A més, el gas sulfurós alliberat té efectes nocius sobre la salut de les persones i el potencial de formar compostos àcids que corroeixen els materials, retallant la seua durabilitat i augmentant els costos de manteniment. Posteriorment, aquest treball determina si el tractament tèrmic sobre la calcària de Prada té un efecte significatiu en facilitar la seua perforabilitat. Comprendre la variació en el rendiment de perforació de la calcària de Prada tractada tèrmicament ajudaria a millorar l'eficièn-cia dels mitjans mecànics d'excavació. Finalment, es proposen algunes correlacions per determinar indirectament les característiques de resistència, deformació i perforabilitat de la calcària de Prada després de ser tractada tèrmicament, a partir de proves simples, ràpides i no destructives.
[EN] This research is focused on Prada limestone, a lower Cretaceous formation located in the Catalan south Pyrenean zone (Spain). Rock samples were taken from boreholes drilled during the design stage of the Tres Ponts Tunnel. The work presented here explores different aspects related to the thermal behaviour of Prada limestone and the derived consequences on the Tres Ponts Tunnel. Firstly, this work reports the variation in the textural, physical, and mechanical properties of Prada limestone after being heated at temperatures of between 105 and 600 ºC and then cooled at a slow rate or by quenching and determines key temperatures and cooling methods that would most affect stability in case of a fire in the Tres Ponts Tunnel. Secondly, this research fo-cuses on the causes and mechanisms involved in the explosive behaviour and release of sulphurous gas observed on a dark grey fraction of samples from Prada limestone. Implications of such dark grey samples are critical in underground infrastructure and mining engineering works, as the explosive potential of that sample represents risk of mass fracturing and dramatic strength decay. Moreover, the sulphurous gas released has harmful health effects and may form acid compounds that corrode materials, shorten their durability, and increase maintenance costs. Later, this work determines if thermal treatment on Prada limestone has a significant effect on improving its drilla-bility. Understanding the variation in the drilling performance of the thermally treated Prada limestone would help improve the efficiency of mechanical excavation means. Finally, some correlations are proposed to indirectly determine the strength, deformational, and drillability features of Prada limestone after being thermally treated from simple, quick and non-destructive tests.
This research was partially supported by the Spanish Government [grant number RTI2018-099052-B-I00], also the Vice-Rectorate of Research and Knowledge Transfer at the University of Alicante through projects UAUSTI19-25 and UAUSTI20-20, and by the Departamento de Ingeniería del Terreno at the Universitat Politècnica de València.
Martínez Ibáñez, V. (2021). Effects of high temperatures in the physical, mechanical, and drilling features of Prada limestone [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171023
TESIS
Compendio
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Soares, Joacil Germano. "Delimita??o dos grupamentos serotonin?rgicos/n?cleos da rafe do moc? (kerodon rupestris): citoarquitetura e imunoistoqu?mica para serotonina." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17308.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-28Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a substance found in many tissues of the body, including as a neurotransmitter in the nervous system, in which may exert varied post-synaptic actions. Inside the neuro-axis, the location of 5-HT neurons is almost restricted to the raphe nuclei of the brainstem, such that 5-HT-immunoreactivity can be considered a marker of the raphe nuclei. The raphe nuclei are located in the brainstem, at or near the midline. The serotonergic groups were originally alphanumerically classified as B1 to B9 towards caudorrostral in rats and can be divided into upper and lower groups. In this study the distribution of serotonergic neurons was studied using immunohistochemistry in the brain of the rock cavy (Kerodon rupestris), a species of rodent endemic to Northeastern Brazil. The cytoarchitectonic location of serotonergic neurons was established in series of adjacent coronal and sagittal sections stained by the Nissl method and immunohistochemistry for 5-HT. Thus, we defined the raphe rostral linear, caudal linear, dorsal, median, and paramedian pontine raphe nuclei, and B9 cluster, constituting the rostral group, and the interpositus, magnus, obscure and palidus, constituting the caudal part of the group, comparable to which has been described for other mammalian species
A serotonina ou 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT) ? uma subst?ncia encontrada em muitos tecidos do organismo, inclusive no sistema nervoso como neurotransmissor, onde pode exercer a??es p?s-sin?pticas variadas. Dentro do neuro-eixo, a localiza??o dos neur?nios 5-HT ? quase absoluta nos n?cleos da rafe do tronco encef?lico, de tal maneira que 5-HT neuronal pode ser considerada um marcador dos n?cleos da rafe. Os n?cleos da rafe est?o localizados no tronco encef?lico, na linha m?dia ou suas proximidades. Os grupamentos serotonin?rgicos foram originalmente classificados alfanumericamente como B1 a B9 no sentido caudorrostral no rato e podem ser divididos em grupos superior e inferior. Neste trabalho a distribui??o dos neur?nios serotonin?rgicos foi estudada com imunoistoqu?mica no c?rebro do moc? (Kerodon rupestris), uma esp?cie de roedor end?mica da regi?o Nordeste do Brasil. A localiza??o citoarquitet?nica dos neur?nios serotonin?rgicos foi estabelecida em s?ries de sec??es coronais e sagitais adjacentes submetidas a colora??o pelo m?todo de Nissl e imunoistoqu?mica para 5-HT. Assim, foram delimitados os n?cleos da rafe linear rostral, linear caudal, dorsal, mediano, paramediano e pontino da rafe e grupamento B9, compondo o grupo rostral, e os n?cleos interp?sito, magno, obscuro e p?lido, compondo o grupo caudal, compar?vel ao que j? foi descrito para outras esp?cies de mam?feros
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O'Leary, Rebecca A. "Informed statistical modelling of habitat suitability for rare and threatened species." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/17779/.
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In this thesis a number of statistical methods have been developed and applied to habitat suitability modelling for rare and threatened species. Data available on these species are typically limited. Therefore, developing these models from these data can be problematic and may produce prediction biases. To address these problems there are three aims of this thesis. The _rst aim is to develop and implement frequentist and Bayesian statistical modelling approaches for these types of data. The second aim is develop and implement expert elicitation methods. The third aim is to apply these novel approaches to Australian rare and threatened species case studies with the intention of habitat suitability modelling. The _rst aim is ful_lled by investigating two innovative approaches for habitat suitability modelling and sensitivity analysis of the second approach to priors. The _rst approach is a new multilevel framework developed to model the species distribution at multiple scales and identify excess zeros (absences outside the species range). Applying a statistical modelling approach to the identi_cation of excess zeros has not previously been conducted. The second approach is an extension and application of Bayesian classi_cation trees to modelling the habitat suitability of a threatened species. This is the _rst `real' application of this approach in ecology. Lastly, sensitivity analysis of the priors in Bayesian classi_cation trees are examined for a real case study. Previously, sensitivity analysis of this approach to priors has not been examined. To address the second aim, expert elicitation methods are developed, extended and compared in this thesis. In particular, one elicitation approach is extended from previous research, there is a comparison of three elicitation methods, and one new elicitation approach is proposed. These approaches are illustrated for habitat suitability modelling of a rare species and the opinions of one or two experts are elicited. The _rst approach utilises a simple questionnaire, in which expert opinion is elicited on whether increasing values of a covariate either increases, decreases or does not substantively impact on a response. This approach is extended to express this information as a mixture of three normally distributed prior distributions, which are then combined with available presence/absence data in a logistic regression. This is one of the _rst elicitation approaches within the habitat suitability modelling literature that is appropriate for experts with limited statistical knowledge and can be used to elicit information from single or multiple experts. Three relatively new approaches to eliciting expert knowledge in a form suitable for Bayesian logistic regression are compared, one of which is the questionnaire approach. Included in this comparison of three elicitation methods are a summary of the advantages and disadvantages of these three methods, the results from elicitations and comparison of the prior and posterior distributions. An expert elicitation approach is developed for classi_cation trees, in which the size and structure of the tree is elicited. There have been numerous elicitation approaches proposed for logistic regression, however no approaches have been suggested for classi_cation trees. The last aim of this thesis is addressed in all chapters, since the statistical approaches proposed and extended in this thesis have been applied to real case studies. Two case studies have been examined in this thesis. The _rst is the rare native Australian thistle (Stemmacantha australis), in which the dataset contains a large number of absences distributed over the majority of Queensland, and a small number of presence sites that are only within South-East Queensland. This case study motivated the multilevel modelling framework. The second case study is the threatened Australian brush-tailed rock-wallaby (Petrogale penicillata). The application and sensitivity analysis of Bayesian classi_cation trees, and all expert elicitation approaches investigated in this thesis are applied to this case study. This work has several implications for conservation and management of rare and threatened species. Novel statistical approaches addressing the _rst aim provide extensions to currently existing methods, or propose a new approach, for identi _cation of current and potential habitat. We demonstrate that better model predictions can be achieved using each method, compared to standard techniques. Elicitation approaches addressing the second aim ensure expert knowledge in various forms can be harnessed for habitat modelling, a particular bene_t for rare and threatened species which typically have limited data. Throughout, innovations in statistical methodology are both motivated and illustrated via habitat modelling for two rare and threatened species: the native thistle Stemmacantha australis and the brush-tailed rock wallaby Petrogale penicillata.
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Almakari, Michelle. "Réactivation Hydro-Mécanique d’une Faille Rate & State ˸ Glissement, Sismicité et Évolution de Perméabilité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM065.
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Cette thèse est dédiée à l’étude de la réactivation de faille par injection de fluide, à l’aide d’un modèle hydro-mécanique de faille rate and state. Bien que les principaux mécanismes à l’origine de la réactivation de faille soient bien connus, différents aspects ne sont pas encore complètement explorés. Dans la première partie de cette thèse, on étudie le rôle du protocole d’injection (pression maximale et taux de pression d’injection), ainsi que le rôle des paramètres de frottement sur le taux de sismicité et la distribution de magnitude, pour des failles2-D hétérogènes. On souligne d’abord une corrélation temporelle entre le taux de sismicité et le taux de pression de pore gouvernant la faille. On montre ensuite une dépendance du taux de sismicité ainsi que de la distribution des magnitudes sur les paramètres d’injection. Une compensation entre ces deux existe pour de grandes valeurs du taux de pression d’injection. Ce comportement ne peut pas être abordé par le taux de sismicité proposé par Dietrich (1994). En outre, on montre que les failles ayant un comportement de frottement plus stable présente un taux de sismicité et un moment sismique plus faibles. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, la variation de la diffusivité hydraulique au cours de l’injection de fluide avec l’accumulation du déplacement et la réduction de la contrainte normale effective sur la faille est abordée. On utilise des expériences d’injection (échelle du laboratoire) sur un échantillon d’andésite, où la pression de pore est mesurée à deux endroits sur la faille. En appliquant des méthodes d’inversion, on estime le meilleur modèle de diffusivité et les incertitudes associés, pouvant expliquer les données expérimentales. Avec ces résultats, on peut étendre notre modèle hydro-mécanique, afin de pouvoir calculer la pression de pore, la diffusivité hydraulique et le déplacement accumulé sur la failleThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the study of injection induced fault reactivation using a coupled hydro-mechanical rate and state modelof a fault. Even though the principal mechanisms behind induced fault reactivation are well known, different aspects are not yet fully explored, nor understood. In the first part of this thesis, we explore successively the role of the injection protocol (in particular, injection maximum pressure and injection pressure rate), and the fault frictional parameters on the rate of induced events and their magnitude content, for different heterogeneous 2-D fault configurations. We first point out a temporal correlation between the seismicity rate and the pore pressure rate governing the fault. We then show a dependence of the rate and magnitude content of the seismic events on the injection parameters, as well as the existence of an important trade-off between them, which could not be addressed using the Dietrich(1994)’s seismicity rate model. Concerning the frictional parameters, we show that for the faults tested in this study, the ones having a more stable frictional behavior exhibit a lower induced seismicity rate and seismic moment released. In the last part of this study, the variation of the hydraulic diffusivity during fluid injection with shear slip and effective stress reduction is addressed. For this, we use laboratory injection experiments on an Andesite rock sample, during which the pore pressure was measured at two locations along the fault plane. In an inversion framework, we estimate the best model and the associated uncertainties of an effective diffusivity history that could explain the experimental data. Using this information, we could extend our hydro-mechanical model, which would allow the computation of pore pressure, diffusivity and slip changes along the experimental fault
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Mayfield, Stephen. "Assessment of predation by the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii) : relationships among growth rate, diet and benthic community composition, with implications for the survival of juvenile abalone (Haliotis midae)." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9603.
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Bibliography: leaves 195-213.This thesis focused on two aspects of predation by the West Coast rock lobster (Jasus lalandii). These were (1) the problem of slow growth currently observed in adult male rock lobsters and the putative link between growth rate and food availability, and (2) the influence of rock-lobster predation on the benthos, but more specifically on sea urchins and juvenile abalone.
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Toteu, Sadrack-Félix. "Chronologie des grands ensembles structuraux de la région de Poli : Accretion crustale dans la chaîne panafricaine du Nord Cameroun." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10057.
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Les nouvelles données structurales, géochimiques et géochronologiques indiquent un important volume de matériel d'âge protérozoïque supérieur dans le "complexe de base" et dans la "série de Poli". L'évolution tectonique et métamorphique est comparable pour les deux ensembles. Les caractéristiques géochimiques et isotopiques de l'essentiel des formations plutoniques et volcaniques de l'essentiel des formations plutoniques et volcaniques montrent qu'il s'agit de matériel juvénile nouvellement mis en place en bordure d'une croûte plus ancienne. Une chronologie des évènements panafricains est établie. Les nouveaux résultats permettent d'interprêter l'orogénèse panafricaine du Nord Cameroun en terme de tectonique des plaques
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Alexis, Alain. "Etude geotechnique et sedimentologique de souilles et chenaux de la rade de lorient : contribution a la stabilite des sols immerges." Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2033.
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Cetiner, Sertan Isik. "Stabilization Of Expansive Soils By Cayirhan Fly Ash And Desulphogypsum." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1119387/index.pdf.
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Expansive soils are one of the most serious problems which the foundation
engineer faces. Several attempts are being made to control the swell-shrink
behavior of these soils. One of the most effective and economical methods is to use
chemical additives. Fly ash and desulphogypsum, both of which are by-products of
coal burning thermal power plants, are accumulating in large quantities all over the
world and pose serious environmental problems. In this study, the expansive soil
was stabilized using the fly ash and desulphogypsum obtained from Çayirhan Thermal Power Plant. Fly ash and desulphogypsum were added to the expansive soil from 0 to 30 percent. Lime was used to see how efficient fly ash and desulphogypsum on expansive soil stabilization were, and was added to the expansive soil from 0 to 8 percent. The properties obtained were chemical composition, grain size distribution, consistency limits, swelling percentage, and rate of swell. Fly ash, desulphogypsum, and lime added samples were cured for 7 days and 28 days, after which they were subjected to free swell tests. Swelling percentage decreased and rate of swell increased with increasing stabilizer percentage. Curing resulted in further reduction in swelling percentage and further increase in rate of swell. 25 percent and 30 percent fly ash and desulphogypsum additions reduced the swelling percentage to levels comparable to lime stabilization.
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SAUEIA, CATIA H. R. "Distribuição elementar e de radionuclídeos na produção e uso de fertilizantes fosfotados no Brasil." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11450.
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IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Amri, Mohamed. "Étude expérimentale et théorique de l’effet de la vitesse de coupe sur la forabilité des roches sous pression de boue." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM095.
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L'optimisation des systèmes de forage nécessite une meilleure compréhension des vibrations indésirables comme le stick-slip. Ce phénomène vibratoire, qui affecte principalement les outils PDC (Polycristalline Diamond Compact), met en péril l'intégrité des équipements de forage et réduit considérablement la vitesse de pénétration de l'outil. Plusieurs travaux ont été menés ces dernières années pour déterminer ses origines. Les observations réalisées en fond de puits montrent que ces oscillations s'accompagnent systématiquement d'une baisse du couple à l'outil en fonction de sa vitesse de rotation. De nombreux groupes de recherche attribuent cette baisse de performance à l'occurrence du stick-slip.L'objectif de ce travail est de développer un modèle élémentaire de coupe qui permet d'analyser l'effet de la vitesse de coupe sur la forabilité des roches dans des conditions opératoires réalistes. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons réalisé une série d'essais de coupe en utilisant des taillants et des outils à échelle réelle dans trois roches de propriétés hydromécaniques différentes, et ceci à pression atmosphérique et sous pression de fluide. Les essais réalisés à pression atmosphérique montrent que les efforts élémentaires de forage augmentent avec la vitesse de coupe. Sous pression de boue, cet effet dépend largement de la perméabilité de la roche. En effet, nous avons observé que l'effet de la vitesse est relativement faible dans les formations de faible et de moyenne perméabilité sous pression de boue de 20 MPa. En revanche, cet effet augmente d'un ordre de grandeur dans les roches très perméables.Afin de comprendre ces observations, nous avons développé un modèle hydromécanique d'interaction taillant-roche construit à partir de la théorie de la poroélastoplasticité. D'abord, le problème est résolu analytiquement en s'inspirant des travaux existants. Par la suite, nous avons apporté une résolution numérique aux éléments finis des équations de la promécanique appliquées à la coupe des roches sous pression de boue. Les deux modèles montrent que le phénomène de dilatance génère une baisse de la pression de pore qui augmente la résistance de la roche au forage. Cette chute de pression dépend de la vitesse de coupe ainsi que des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques de la roche. Les résultats théoriques ont été comparés aux nombreux résultats expérimentaux obtenus dans le cadre de ce travailThe optimization of the drilling practice requires a better understanding of drillstring harmful vibrations such as stick-slip. This form of torsional vibrations is a typical problem of PDC (Polycristalline Diamond Compact) drillbits. It can reduce the rate of penetration drastically and can raise fatigue of the drilling devices. Many attempts were carried out in the last years in order to determine the causes of stick-slip phenomenon. Field observations show that torque on bit decreases as a function of bit velocity during stick-slip oscillations. Hence, it is widely believed that this decreasing relationship is the root cause of stick-slip.The purpose of this work is to examine cutting speed influence on rock drillability as a function of operating conditions and hydromechanical properties of the drilled formation. For this, a set of drilling tests was performed in three sedimentary rocks of different permeability using a full scale PDC drillbit and a single PDC cutter. In the first step, dry tests were carried out at atmospheric pressure. As previously observed in literature, single-cutter tests showed that drilling forces increase with cutting velocity. In a second step, we performed the same experiments at 20 MPa bottom-hole pressure. It appears that rate effect on cutting forces in the medium and low-permeability rocks is relatively low. By contrast, rate effect in the highly permeable rock increases by one order of magnitude in comparison with dry experiments.In order to understand this phenomenon, a steady state solution of the cutting model is derived in the framework of the theory of poroelastoplasticity. The problem is firstly solved analytically using some assumptions derived from previous works. Then, a numerical resolution based on finite element method is presented to solve the fully coupled problem ensuring the satisfaction of poro-material physics basic equations. Using these two different approaches, we show that pore pressure in shear-dilatant rocks decreases as a function of cutting velocity depending on rock permeability and interstitial fluid properties. This change has a hardening effect resulting in an increase of rock drilling resistance. Comparison between theory and experience shows good agreements
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Djama, Louis-Marie. "Le massif granitique de Mfoubou et le socle métamorphique de Guena (chaîne du Mayombe, Congo). Pétrologie - Géochimie - géochronologie." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10116.
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Deux domaines tectono-métamorphiques sont distingués dans le Sud Ouest du Congo : la chaîne précambrienne du Mayombe qui s'étend le long du littoral atlantique depuis le Gabon jusqu'au Nord de l'Angola ; le socle polycyclique de Guéna. Les séries constituant la chaîne du Mayombe sont affectées par deux phases tectoniques qui correspondent aux déformations pan-africaines caractérisées par une schistosité I de direction N130 et pendage SW, une schistosité II, subverticale, sensiblement de même direction qui replisse la première. Elles ont été affectées par un métamorphisme de moyenne pression dont l'intensité diminue progressivement d'Ouest en Est depuis le faciès amphibolite jusqu'à l'anchizone. L'ensemble des formations de la chaîne du Mayombe résulterait de l'ouverture, puis de la fermeture d'un bassin océanique s'achevant par la colision entre un socle occidental, éburnéen (socle de Guéna) et deux socles archéens orientaux (le Chaillu au Nord et le Kasaï au Sud)
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Ocak, Recai Soner. "Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment Of Eastern Marmara And Evaluation Of Turkish Earthquake Code Requirements." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613902/index.pdf.
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The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the seismic hazard in the Eastern Marmara Region using improved seismic source models and enhanced ground motion prediction models by probabilistic approach. Geometry of the fault zones (length, width, dip angle, segmentation points etc.) is determined by the help of available fault maps and traced source lines on the satellite images. State of the art rupture model proposed by USGS Working Group in 2002 is applied to the source system. Composite reoccurrence model is used for all seismic sources in the region to represent the characteristic behavior of North Anatolian Fault. New and improved global ground motion models (NGA models) are used to model the ground motion variability for this study. Previous studies, in general, used regional models or older ground motion prediction models which were updated by their developers during the NGA project. New NGA models were improved in terms of additional prediction parameters (such as depth of the source, basin effects, site dependent standard deviations, etc.), statistical approach, and very well constrained global database. The use of NGA models reduced the epistemic uncertainty in the total hazard incorporated by regional or older models using smaller datasets. The results of the study is presented in terms of hazard curves, deaggregation of the hazard and uniform hazard spectrum for six main locations in the region (Adapazari, Duzce, Golcuk, Izmit, Iznik, and Sapanca City Centers) to provide basis for seismic design of special structures in the area. Hazard maps of the region for rock site conditions at the accepted levels of risk by Turkish Earthquake Code (TEC-2007) are provided to allow the user perform site-specific hazard assessment for local site conditions and develop site-specific design spectrum. Comparison of TEC-2007 design spectrum with the uniform hazard spectrum developed for selected locations is also presented for future reference.
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Martynyuk, Nataly. "Actions of alpha-chimaerins in mechanisms relevant to dendritic spine formation and neurodegeneration." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287938.
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Rho GTPases and their regulators such as guanosine exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) represent an important class of molecules controlling dendritic spine plasticity. Although they are typically described as cytoskeletal modulators, roles for the GTPases in endocytosis and cell polarity establishment have also been defined. The neuronal proteins a1- and a2-chimaerins belong to a group of Rac and Cdc42 GAPs that inactivate these GTPases; in addition to a GAP domain, the a-chimaerins share a phosphokinase C (PKC)-like C1 domain but have distinct N-terminal domains (NTDs). My project has explored the importance of specific domains of a1-chimaerin both in induction of a morphological cellular protrusion collapse phenotype ('circularisation') and in interactions with partner proteins that may help to explain the phenotype. The results described in my thesis show that a1-chimaerin possesses a previously undescribed C-terminal domain (CTD) that is indispensable for the ability of the protein to induce collapse of protrusions, and consequent circularisation, in various cell types; moreover, an intact CTD is also important for association of a1-chimaerin with its known effector EphA4, and potentially with other undefined membrane proteins, in a C1-domain- dependent manner. In addition, my results show that a1-chimaerin associates via its NTD with the Src kinase Fyn, and via its C1 domain with the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor. Further experiments explored a1-chimaerin effects on EphA4 and NMDA receptor cell surface expression, as well as binding to other putative partners - including the adaptor protein p35 and the polarity protein PAR6. Finally, I have shown that inhibition of a pathway involving the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) reverts circularisation induced by a1- chimaerin, and that a blocking peptide based on the CTD may be employed to partially counteract the phenotype. These results uncover a novel domain in a1-chimaerin that may have a crucial importance for the induction of cellular process collapse by a1-chimaerin with a potential relevance to the EphA4-induced dendritic spine retraction, EphA4 receptor endocytosis, and cell surface expression of NR2A-containing NMDA receptors. This suggests a model of a multi-protein signalling complex involving a1-chimaerin that coordinates cellular process remodelling, and that is likely to be important both for adult neuronal circuit plasticity and for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Caplain, Bastien. "Etude expérimentale de l'érosion d'un massif de sable cohésif par une houle monochromatique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0102/document.
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La plupart des côtes de la Terre reculent et 80% sont rocheuses. La prévision du recul des falaises littorales est primordiale afin d’anticiper les risques futurs pour les aménagements littoraux. Cependant, la compréhension de ce recul est difficile car de nombreux paramètres le contrôlent. Des expériences en canal à houle de petite échelle ont été effectuées où nous avons mis en place un massif de sable humide soumis à l’attaque des vagues par sapement. Le but est de comprendre comment l’effet des vagues contrôle l’érosion des falaises. La technique de mesure par ombroscopie a été employée et nous a permis de détecter la surface du sable et la surface libre en fonction du temps. Nous avons ainsi analysé l’influence du forçage des vagues (F, ξ) (où F est le flux d’énergie des vagues incidentes au large et ξ est le paramètre de similitude de “surf”) sur la vitesse de recul de la falaise et sur la profondeur des évènements d’effondrement. La vitesse de recul de la falaise augmente linéairement avec le flux d’énergie F. Les débris de falaise érodés changent la morphologie du fond, les types de morphologie du fond dépendent fortement du paramètre de similitude de “surf” au déferlement, ou encore du paramètre de Dean Ω. Des profils du fond instationnaires présentant une oscillation auto-entretenue de la barre sédimentaire ont été observés. Nous avons de plus étudié l’effet de la granulométrie du sable utilisé : pour un sable plus fin, la falaise est plus cohésive et s’effondre au cours d’évènements de plus grande ampleur. Etonnamment, le recul de la falaise est plus important pour du sable fin. Ceci est probablement dû à une modification de la morphologie du fond conduisant à une dissipation de l’énergie des vagues moins importante. Le volume de sable injecté dans le système a finalement été quantifié, la barre sédimentaire a d’abord été prélevée périodiquement et il a été observé que la vitesse de recul de la falaise vr est constante. Puis, la hauteur de falaise a été modifiée, le recul des falaises est plus important pour des petites falaises. Il semblerait que l’instationnarité d’un profil du fond se déclenche à partir d’un volume seuil de sable érodéMost of the Earth coasts recedes and 80 % are rocky. Prediction of sea-cliff recession is essential to anticipate future risks for coastal development. However, it is difficult to understand this recession because many parameters control it. In addition, both the space and time scales are too big for the different mechanisms of cliff erosion to be fully analysed. Experiments in a small-scale wave flume were conducted in which a massif made of wet sand is submitted to wave attack. The aim is to understand how cliff erosion is wave-controlled. The technique of shadow graph measurements was used to detect the time evolution of sand and water surfaces. We have analyzed the influence of wave forcing (F, ξ) (where F is the incident offshore wave energy flux and ξ is the surf similarity parameter) on the cliff recession rate and on collapse event size. The cliff recession rate increases linearly with the wave energy flux F. The eroded cliff materials change the bottom morphology ; the types of bottom morphology strongly depend on the surf similarity parameter at the breaker point, or the Dean parameter Ω. Bottom profiles characterized by unsteady self-sustained sandbar oscillation were observed. In addition, we studied how sand granulometry change the system evolution. Finer the sand is, more cohesive is the cliff and bigger are cliff collapses. Contrary to what was expected, cliff recession is more important for a finer sand : this could be due to a more dissipative bottom morphology built by fine sands. The sand volume within the system changes following cliff collapses and a sandbar removal during particular experiments. The cliff recession rate is constant when the sandbar is removed and decreases with cliff height. It seems that the unsteadiness of the bottom profile is activated when the volume of eroded sand exceeds a threshold value
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Griffault, Lise. "Bilan des transferts de matière (majeurs et terres rares) dans les altérations hydrothermales des granites : exemple du granite du ballon d'alsace (vosges méridionales)." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2302.
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Etude de deux systemes d'alteration hydrothermale: - une alteration pervasive, se manifestant par la chloritisation des ferromagnesiens, le formation d'illite dans les plagioclases et la cristallisation de calcite; - une alteration a illite dans les epontes de veines liees a la mise en place de filins de fluorine. Cette etude montre que le comportement geochimique des terres rares ne peut etre assimile au comportement des elements majeurs au cours des processus hydrothermaux ou des mineraux argileux sont formes. Les mecanismes de fixation des terres rares correspondent a des phenomenes de sorption des elements sur les surfaces des particules argileuses et non a des substitutions
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Saueia, Cátia Heloisa Rosignoli. "Distribuição elementar e de radionuclídeos na produção e uso de fertilizantes fosfatados no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-22032012-173112/.
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O fertilizante é considerado um componente essencial para a agricultura, pois sua utilização aumenta e repõe os nutrientes naturais do solo, perdidos por desgaste ou erosão. No processo de obtenção dos fertilizantes fosfatados, o concentrado de rocha reage com ácido sulfúrico concentrado produzindo ácido fosfórico e sulfato de cálcio (fosfogesso), como subproduto. O ácido fosfórico é utilizado para a produção do superfosfato triplo (TSP), superfosfato simples (SSP), monoamônio fosfato (MAP) e diamônio fosfato (DAP). A rocha fosfatada usada como matéria prima apresenta em sua composição radionuclídeos das séries naturais do urânio e tório. Durante o ataque químico do concentrado de rocha, as espécies presentes na reação, estáveis e radioativas, são redistribuídas entre o ácido fosfórico (matéria prima dos fertilizantes), e o fosfogesso, de acordo com sua solubilidade e características químicas. Enquanto os fertilizantes são comercializados, o fosfogesso fica estocado em pilhas podendo impactar o meio ambiente. Com a finalidade de entender a distribuição dos elementos e dos radionuclídeos no processo industrial de produção de fertilizantes fosfatados, foram analisadas amostras de concentrado de rocha, de fertilizantes (SSP, TSP, MAP e DAP) e fosfogesso de três procedências nacionais denominadas indústrias A, B e C. A técnica utilizada para a análise elementar foi a análise por ativação com nêutrons, que permitiu analisar os elementos Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Na, Sc, Ta, Th, U, Zn e Zr, e as terras raras, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb e Lu. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que em geral, as terras raras se distribuem de forma homogênea em todos os fertilizantes e no fosfogesso, exceto o Lu. Os fertilizantes SSP e TSP apresentaram concentrações de todos os elementos analisados da mesma ordem de grandeza da rocha de origem. O mesmo comportamento foi observado nos fertilizantes MAP e DAP, exceto para os elementos Co, Sc e U. Os elementos pertencentes à série radioativa natural do urânio (238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra e 210Pb), do tório (232Th, 228Ra e 228Th) e o K-40, foram determinados por meio da espectrometria gama e alfa. As amostras de fertilizantes MAP e DAP, que são diretamente derivadas do ácido fosfórico, apresentaram baixa concentração para o 226Ra, 228Ra e 210Pb, enquanto que para o U e Th as concentrações encontradas foram da mesma ordem de grandeza da rocha de origem. Os fertilizantes SSP e TSP, que são obtidos pela mistura de ácido fosfórico com concentrado de rocha, apresentaram concentrações mais elevadas para os radionuclídeos das séries naturais. Avaliou-se a exposição devido a sucessivas aplicações de fertilizantes e fosfogesso, calculando-se a dose interna devida à aplicação por 10, 50 e 100 anos. Os valores encontrados estão abaixo do limite de 2,4 mSv a-1, mostrando que esta prática é negligenciável.Fertilizer is considered an essential component for agriculture, because its use increases the natural soil nutrients, which are lost slow waste or erosion. The Brazilian phosphate fertilizer is obtained by wet reaction of igneous phosphate rock with concentrated sulphuric acid, giving as final product, phosphoric acid and dihydrated calcium sulphate (phosphogypsum) as by-product. Phosphoric acid is the starting material for triple superphosphate (TSP), single superphosphate (SSP), monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and diammonium phosphate (DAP). The phosphate rock used as raw material presents in its composition, radionuclides of the U and Th natural series in. During the chemical attack of the phosphate rock, this equilibrium is disrupted and the radionuclides and the elements migrate to intermediate, final products and by-products, according to their solubility and chemical properties. While the fertilizers are commercialized, the phosphogypsum is disposed in stack piles and can cause an impact in the environment. In order to evaluate the radionuclides and the elements distribution in the industrial process of phosphate fertilizer production, samples of concentrated rock, fertilizers (SSP, TSP, MAP and DAP) and phosphogypsum from three national industries (A, B and C), were analyzed. The characterization of the elements Ba, Co, Cr, Fe, Hf, Na, Sc, Ta, Th, U, Zn and Zr, and the rare earths La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu, were performed by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The results obtained showed that, in general, the rare earth elements are distributed uniformly in the fertilizers and phosphogypsum, except for Lu. The elemental concentration present in the fertilizers SSP and TSP are of the same order of magnitude of the source rock. The same behavior was observed in the fertilizers MAP and DAP, except for the elements Co, Sc and U. The radionuclides of the U series (238U, 234U, 230Th, 226Ra, 210Pb) and of the Th series (232Th, 228Ra, 228Th) and 40K were determined by gamma and alpha spectrometry. The fertilizers samples, with are derived directly from phosphoric acid, MAP and DAP, presented in their composition low activity concentrations for 226Ra, 228Ra and 210Pb. For U and Th, the concentrations founded in MAP and DAP are more significant, similar to the source rock. SSP and TSP fertilizers, which are obtained by mixing phosphoric acid with different amounts of phosphate rock, presented higher concentrations of all radionuclides of the natural series. Long-term exposure due to successive fertilizer and phosphogypsum application was evaluated. Internal doses due to the application of phosphate fertilizer and phosphogypsum for 10, 50 and 100 years were below 2.4 mSv y-1, showing that the radiological impact of such practice is negligible.