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1
Gelobter, Michel. "The Rocks and Stones Themselves . . ." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 30, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291120959652.
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A short reflection on the emergence of the environmental justice movement from the Toxic Wastes and Race report and Michigan’s Conference on Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards. These events and the movement are framed in the context of the long struggle for racial justice in the United States.
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Muir-Harmony, Teasel. "The Limits of U.S. Science Diplomacy in the Space Age." Pacific Historical Review 88, no. 4 (2019): 590–618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2019.88.4.590.
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A moon rock, resting on a pedestal in the American Pavilion at the 1970 Osaka World Exposition, became the latest trophy for the United States in its fierce space race with the Soviet Union. The exhibit was part of a broader approach to U.S. diplomacy in this period, where science and technology, or in this case a scientific specimen, were deployed to spread Western democratic values, win over international public opinion, and counter anti-American sentiment. But the moon rock’s physical resemblance to earth rocks prompted a broader discussion among Japanese audiences at the Expo about the aims of U.S. scientific and technological progress, and the practicality and applicability of American cultural norms to Japanese visions of modernity. By considering what happens when a scientific specimen travels outside of the laboratory context, outside the world of scientists, and into the world of foreign relations, this article investigates the complicated dynamics of science, material culture, and power during this critical juncture in the United States’ engagement with Japan.
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Newell-Litwa, Karen A., Mathilde Badoual, Hannelore Asmussen, Heather Patel, Leanna Whitmore, and Alan Rick Horwitz. "ROCK1 and 2 differentially regulate actomyosin organization to drive cell and synaptic polarity." Journal of Cell Biology 210, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 225–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201504046.
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RhoGTPases organize the actin cytoskeleton to generate diverse polarities, from front–back polarity in migrating cells to dendritic spine morphology in neurons. For example, RhoA through its effector kinase, RhoA kinase (ROCK), activates myosin II to form actomyosin filament bundles and large adhesions that locally inhibit and thereby polarize Rac1-driven actin polymerization to the protrusions of migratory fibroblasts and the head of dendritic spines. We have found that the two ROCK isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, differentially regulate distinct molecular pathways downstream of RhoA, and their coordinated activities drive polarity in both cell migration and synapse formation. In particular, ROCK1 forms the stable actomyosin filament bundles that initiate front–back and dendritic spine polarity. In contrast, ROCK2 regulates contractile force and Rac1 activity at the leading edge of migratory cells and the spine head of neurons; it also specifically regulates cofilin-mediated actin remodeling that underlies the maturation of adhesions and the postsynaptic density of dendritic spines.
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W. S. ; Kamal A. Arief, Fransiska Paramarini. "WADASAN AS AN ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT IN GUA SUNYARAGI WATER PARK, CIREBON." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 01 (February 7, 2019): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i01.3177.51-70.
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Abstract- Taman Air Gua Sunyaragi was established for The Sultan Cirebon and family to meditate andrecreation. The purpose of this research is to know the use of Wadasan at Taman Air Gua Sunyaragi and itsavailability in Cirebon at this time. This research aims to maintain existence of Wadasan at Taman Air GuaSunyaragi also existence of Wadasan in Cirebon.This research used three theories, theory of function from Schulz, theory of semiotic from Charles Jencksand atmosphere from Peter Zumthor. The method used is qualitative, comparative and descriptive witharchitectural approach (function) and material. Data collection was done by interview technique and directobservation in the study case.Architecture of Taman Air Gua Sunyaragi compared by Java-The Middle East-Chinese styles. TamanAir Gua Sunyaragi consists of elements, stone, brick, water and vegetation likes landscape of Chinese Water park.The sacred atmosphere within the complex is created by using Wadasan. Wadasan has an architectural functionas a building envelope, circulation barrier, and sculpture. Wadasan combined by water serves as temperaturecontroller to reduce the ambient temperature. The stone used as Wadasan has a variety of types but has the samecharacter. Some Wadasan’s materials is hard to find in Cirebon, but can be replaced with a race on the characterWadasan. Function of water park in Taman Air Gua Sunyaragi can’t run properly because of the loss of waterelement. Wadasan treatment at Taman Air Gua Sunyaragi is done by attaching the loose rocks and providingwater with high pressure to remove moss.Key Words: Sunyaragi, Water Park, Wadasan, Character, Rocks
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Tande, Aaron J., Elie Berbari, Priya Ramar, Shiva Ponamgi, Umesh Sharma, Lindsey Philpot, Jon Ebbert, and John C. O’Horo. "778. ID Rocks It: Infectious Disease Remotely Offered Consultative Knowledge and Support via Inpatient Telehealth." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S345—S346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.846.
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Abstract Background Infectious diseases (ID) consultation is associated with improved outcomes for patients hospitalized with infection. Provision of this service is not practical for many smaller hospitals, particularly critical access facilities. We sought to evaluate the impact of an electronic, asynchronous consultative service (“eConsults”) at two rural hospitals without on-site ID support. Methods Beginning July 2018, ID physicians at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, began performing asynchronous eConsults for patients hospitalized at Mayo Clinic Health System (MCHS) Albert Lea and MCHS Austin Hospitals. The first 100 consecutive patients receiving eConsults (cases) were compared with patients admitted for infection at the same facilities prior to pilot initiation (controls). Cases were matched to controls using 1:3 propensity match based on age, gender, race, and weighted Charlson comorbidity index. The primary outcome was readmission or death within 30 days after hospital discharge. Results Cases (n = 100) were more likely to have been hospitalized in the 6 months prior to the index hospitalization than controls (n = 300) (P < 0.0001). Patients with ID eConsult had a significantly decreased odds of death at 30 days (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2–0.7, P = 0.003) and there was a trend toward decreased readmission at 30 days (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–1.1, P = 0.07). The mean length of stay was significantly longer for cases (5.7 days vs. 3.8 days, P =0.003). However, ID eConsult did not occur until 2.6 days into hospitalization, on average. Conclusion ID eConsultation was associated with lower odds of 30-day mortality. The increased length of stay may be mitigated by encouraging ID eConsults earlier during hospitalization. Inpatient ID eConsults represent a high-value proposition for patients and providers and a feasible means of expanding the reach of ID physicians. This novel care delivery model warrants further investigations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Niebling, Charles R., and M. Thompson Conkle. "Diversity of Washoe pine and comparisons with allozymes of ponderosa pine races." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x90-044.
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Washoe pine (Pinuswashoensis Mason and Stockwell), a narrow endemic native to mountains on the western rim of the Great Basin in northeastern California and northwestern Nevada, may be on the verge of extinction. Lowered genetic diversity and increased interpopulation differentiation are expected evolutionary consequences for small, isolated populations like those of Washoe pine. But the species has levels of allozyme variation (estimated average heterozygosity for 26 loci equals 0.148) similar to those for widespread geographic races of ponderosa pine (Pinusponderosa Laws.), which are likely to be its closest extant relatives. Heterozygosity in ponderosa pine was 0.144 in the Pacific race, 0.178 in the North Plateau race, and 0.164 in the Rocky Mountain race. Electrophoretic analysis of trees in the three well-documented populations of Washoe pine revealed only minor and nonsignificant population to population differentiation (98.4% of allozyme variation was among samples within populations). Pair-wise genetic distances between the Washoe populations and the three northern races of ponderosa pine indicated that its closest similarity was with the North Plateau race (Nei's unbiased genetic distance averaged 0.004); the next closest similarity was with samples of the Pacific race (genetic distance 0.013). Washoe pine and the Pacific and North Plateau races of ponderosa pine were all strongly differentiated from the Rocky Mountain race of ponderosa pine (genetic distances were 0.066, 0.082, and 0.060, respectively. The few remaining populations of Washoe pine may be a potentially valuable gene source for the yellow pines of North America.
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Chang, Seeun, Wooyong Um, Won-Seok Kim, and HyunJu Kim. "Effect of seawater intrusion on radioactive strontium (90Sr) sorption and transport at nuclear power plants." Radiochimica Acta 106, no. 2 (January 26, 2018): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2016-2724.
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Abstract Batch sorption and column experiments were conducted to investigate and compare sorption and transport behavior of 90Sr on the assumption of seawater intrusion at nuclear power plants. Batch sorption experiments were carried out on fractured rocks and bedrocks using synthetic groundwater and seawater both spiked with 90Sr. In general, higher 90Sr sorption occurred on fractured rock samples than on bedrocks, because of the presence of weathered secondary minerals (iron oxide and clay) on fractured rock surfaces. However, one particular bedrock sample (WSP-B) which has higher porosity and carbon amount than fractured rock samples also showed the higher 90Sr sorption than its comparable fractured rocks. For all batch sorption studies, 90Sr sorption distribution coefficient, Kd decreased from groundwater to seawater environment due to the higher ionic strength of seawater (6.4×10−1–7.7×10−1 M) compared to groundwater (4.0×10−3–6.0×10−3 M). The three different ionic strength solutions were used in column experiments, and the results showed that transport behavior of Sr through a fractured rock had similar sorption trend to batch sorption results. The highest mobility (or least retardation) for Sr was found for 100% seawater solution compared to the highest retardation (or least mobility) for 100% groundwater solution. These sorption and transport data of Sr on solid materials contacted with various ionic strength solutions corroborate empirically defensible information for assessment of radioactive contamination in groundwater below the NPP sites located nearby shores. In addition, the experimental data will be incorporated to improve transport models of 90Sr in the subsurface environment for severe nuclear accidents.
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Eldridge, M. D. B., P. G. Johnston, R. L. Close, and P. S. Lowry. "Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). II. G-banding analysis of Petrogale godmani." Genome 32, no. 6 (December 1, 1989): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-534.
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Chromosomal rearrangements in the two currently recognised races of Petrogale godmani were examined using C- and G-banding. The nominate race P. godmani godmani (2n = 20) was found to possess an inverted chromosome 5 and an acrocentric 6–10 fusion, which can be derived from a 6–10 centric fusion by a centromeric transposition. The Cape York race (2n = 22) was found to retain the ancestral submetacentric chromosome 4 and the ancestral chromosome 5. Thus despite their genie similarity, the two races clearly have major chromosomal differences and should be regarded as separate species. Petrogale g. godmani shares two derived chromosomes with another Queensland taxon, the assimilis race of P. assimilis, indicating recent common ancestry. The Cape York race retains characteristics of an ancestral stock of Petrogale and its genic similarity with P. g. godmani could therefore be the result of extensive introgression.Key words: chromosomal rearrangements, G-banding, Marsupialia, Petrogale.
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Howe, John A., Roger Anderton, Riccardo Arosio, Dayton Dove, Tom Bradwell, Philip Crump, Rhys Cooper, and Andre Cocuccio. "The seabed geomorphology and geological structure of the Firth of Lorn, western Scotland, UK, as revealed by multibeam echo-sounder survey." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 105, no. 4 (December 2014): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691015000146.
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ABSTRACTThis paper presents recently collected swath bathymetry from the Firth of Lorn. 553 km2 of data were collected during 2012–2013 as part of the INIS Hydro (Ireland, Northern Ireland and Scotland Hydrographic Survey) programme.The area proves to consist of bedrock-dominated seabed, divided into narrow, stratigraphically-constrained and glacially-over-deepened basins. The bedrock is composed of late Proterozoic Dalradian metasediments overlain unconformably by Old Red Sandstone (ORS) sediments and lavas of ?Silurian-age. The central region of the Firth of Lorn is dominated by a vertical cliff, up to 150 m high and extending for approximately 24 km. This feature, here termed the Insh Fault, may have originated as a Dalradian extensional fault, been reactivated as an ORS feature and now forms a fault-line scarp with resistant ORS rocks on the downthrown side, flanking the more deeply eroded metasediments exposed in the basin. Tertiary intrusives are common, in particular, swarms of Paleocene dolerite dykes exposed on the sediment-free bedrock surfaces, and can be traced for many kilometres.Evidence for past glaciation is widespread, manifest in the extensive erosion of the bedrock platforms and the abundance of well-preserved moraines and over-deepened basins. The survey region includes the Corryvreckan Whirlpool and Great Race, beneath the tidal flows of which occur submarine dunes.
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Dewey, Richard, David Richmond, and Chris Garrett. "Stratified Tidal Flow over a Bump." Journal of Physical Oceanography 35, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 1911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo2799.1.
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Abstract The interaction of a stratified flow with an isolated topographic feature can introduce numerous disturbances into the flow, including turbulent wakes, internal waves, and eddies. Measurements made near a “bump” east of Race Rocks, Vancouver Island, reveal a wide range of phenomena associated with the variable flow speeds and directions introduced by the local tides. Upstream and downstream flows were observed by placing two acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) on one flank of the bump. Simultaneous shipboard ADCP surveys corroborated some of the more striking features. Froude number conditions varied from subcritical to supercritical as the tidal velocities varied from 0.2 to 1.5 m s−1. During the strong ebb, when the moored ADCPs were located on the lee side, a persistent full-water-depth lee wave was detected in one of the moored ADCPs and the shipboard ADCP. However, the placement of the moorings would suggest that, by the time it appears in the moored ADCP beams, the lee wave has been swept downstream or has separated from the bump. Raw ADCP beam velocities suggest enhanced turbulence during various phases of the tide. Many of the three-dimensional flow characteristics are in good agreement with laboratory studies, and some characteristics, such as shear in the bottom boundary layer, are not.
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Vega, Francisco M., Gilbert Fruhwirth, Tony Ng, and Anne J. Ridley. "RhoA and RhoC have distinct roles in migration and invasion by acting through different targets." Journal of Cell Biology 193, no. 4 (May 16, 2011): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201011038.
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Several studies suggest that RhoA and RhoC, despite their sequence similarity, have different roles in cell migration and invasion, but the molecular basis for this is not known. Using RNAi, we show that RhoA-depleted cells became elongated and extended multiple Rac1-driven narrow protrusions in 2D and 3D environments, leading to increased invasion. These phenotypes were caused by combined but distinct effects of the Rho-regulated kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2. Depletion of ROCK2 induced multiple delocalized protrusions and reduced migratory polarity, whereas ROCK1 depletion selectively led to cell elongation and defective tail retraction. In contrast, RhoC depletion increased cell spreading and induced Rac1 activation around the periphery in broad lamellipodia, thereby inhibiting directed migration and invasion. These effects of RhoC depletion are mediated by the formin FMNL3, which we identify as a new target of RhoC but not RhoA. We propose that RhoA contributes to migratory cell polarity through ROCK2-mediated suppression of Rac1 activity in lamellipodia, whereas RhoC promotes polarized migration through FMNL3 by restricting lamellipodial broadening.
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Weber, Dietmar, and Adolf Bischoff. "Grossite (CaAl4O7) - a rare phase in terrestrial rocks and meteorites." European Journal of Mineralogy 6, no. 4 (July 27, 1994): 591–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/6/4/0591.
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Vasiliev, Aleksandr N., Nidhu L. Banik, Rémi Marsac, Stepan N. Kalmykov, and Christian M. Marquardt. "Determination of complex formation constants of neptunium(V) with propionate and lactate in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at 22–60°C using a solvent extraction technique." Radiochimica Acta 107, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2019-3107.
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Abstract Natural clay rocks like Opalinus (OPA) and Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) clay rock are considered as potential host rocks for deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. However, small organic molecules such as propionate and lactate exist in clay rock pore water and might enhance Np mobility through a complexation process. Therefore, reliable complex formation data are required in the frame of the Safety Case for a nuclear waste repository. A solvent extraction technique was applied for the determination of ${\rm{NpO}}_2^ + $ complexation with propionate and lactate. Extraction was conducted from isoamyl alcohol solution containing 10−3 M TTA and 5 · 10−4 M 1,10-phenanthroline. Experiments were performed in 0.5–2.6 m NaCl solutions at temperatures ranging from 22 to 60 °C. Formation of 1:1 Np(V) complexes for propionate and lactate was found under the studied conditions. The SIT approach was applied to calculate equilibrium constants β°(T) at zero ionic strength from the experimental data. Log β°(T) is found linearly correlated to 1/T for propionate and lactate, evidencing that heat capacity change is near 0. Molal reaction enthalpy and entropy ( ${\Delta _{\rm{r}}}H_{\rm{m}}^ \circ $ and ${\Delta _{\rm{r}}}S_{\rm{m}}^ \circ $ ) could therefore be derived from the integrated van’t Hoff equation. Data for log β° (298.15 K) are in agreement with literature values for propionate and lactate. Np(V) speciation was calculated for concentrations of acetate, propionate and lactate measured in clay pore waters of COx. In addition, the two site protolysis non-electrostatic surface complexation and cation exchange (2SPNE SC/CE) model was applied to quantitatively describe the influence of Np(V) complexation on its uptake on Na-illite, a relevant clay mineral of OPA and COx.
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Daniel, Pete, and Michael T. Bertrand. "Race, Rock, and Elvis." Journal of Southern History 68, no. 2 (May 2002): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069999.
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Ward, Brian, and Michael T. Bertrand. "Race, Rock, and Elvis." Journal of American History 88, no. 4 (March 2002): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700744.
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Marling, Karal Ann, and Michael T. Bertrand. "Race, Rock, and Elvis." American Historical Review 106, no. 4 (October 2001): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2693066.
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Cusic, Don. "Race, Rock, and Elvis." Journal of American Culture 29, no. 2 (June 2006): 250–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1542-734x.2006.00356.x.
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Huber, Patrick. "Race, Rock, and Elvis." History: Reviews of New Books 30, no. 1 (January 2001): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.2001.10525911.
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Wan, Anmin, and Xianming Chen. "Virulence Characterization of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Using a New Set of Yr Single-Gene Line Differentials in the United States in 2010." Plant Disease 98, no. 11 (November 2014): 1534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-14-0071-re.
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Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes stripe rust (yellow rust) of wheat and is highly variable in virulence toward wheat with race-specific resistance. During 2010, wheat stripe rust was the most widespread in the recorded history of the United States, resulting in large-scale application of fungicides and substantial yield loss. A new differential set with 18 yellow rust (Yr) single-gene lines was established and used to differentiate races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, which were named as race PSTv in distinction from the PST races identified in the past. An octal system was used to describe the virulence and avirulence patterns of the PSTv races. From 348 viable P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates recovered from a total of 381 wheat and grass stripe rust samples collected in 24 states, 41 races, named PSTv-1 to PSTv-41, were identified using the new set of 18 Yr single-gene differentials, and their equivalent PST race names were determined on the previous set of 20 wheat cultivar differentials. The frequencies and distributions of the races and their virulences were determined. The five most predominant races were PSTv-37 (34.5%), PSTv-11 (17.5%), PSTv-14 (7.2%), PSTv-36 (5.2%), and PSTv-34 (4.9%). PSTv-37 was distributed throughout the country while PSTv-11 and PSTv-14 were almost restricted to states west of the Rocky Mountains. The races had virulence to 0 to 13 of the 18 Yr genes. Frequencies of virulences toward resistance genes Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr17, Yr27, Yr43, Yr44, YrTr1, and YrExp2 were high (67.0 to 93.7%); those to Yr1 (32.8%) and YrTye (31.3%) were moderate; and those to Yr10, Yr24, Yr32, and YrSP were low (3.4 to 5.7%). All of the isolates were avirulent to Yr5 and Yr15.
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Cumming, Suzanne. "Proceedings of the 1994 Rock-wallaby Symposium Australian Mammalogy." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 2 (1998): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc98172a.
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The widely studied Australian marsupial genus Petrogale comprises 15 species of rock-wallaby with 26 known taxa. They are found throughout mainland Australia and on some continental islands. Rock-wallabies prefer habitats containing rocky areas with complex topographies of rock-piles, cliffs, crevices, ledges and caves. Although no rock-wallaby species is critically endangered, many populations and races are at immediate risk of extinction, and there are unexplained declines occurring in populations that are not endangered. Southern Australian taxa and populations appear to be more threatened than northern Australian taxa.
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Morrison, Craig. "Race, Rock, and Elvis (review)." Journal of American Folklore 117, no. 463 (2004): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaf.2004.0019.
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Eldridge, M. D. B., and D. J. Pearson. "Chromosomal rearrangements in rock wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). IX. Further G-banding studies of the Petrogale lateralis complex: P. lateralis pearsoni, the West Kimberley race, and a population heterozygous for a centric fusion." Genome 40, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-011.
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G-banded metaphase preparations from cultured fibroblasts were used to examine the karyotypes of Petrogale lateralis pearsoni and the West Kimberley (WK) race of P. lateralis. Petrogale lateralis pearsoni was found to retain the ancestral 2n = 22 Petrogale karyotype, while the WK race (2n = 20) was found to be characterized by a 9–10 centric fusion. This taxon had been reported to have an 8–10 fusion. Karyotypic analysis was also used to identify Petrogale populations in the Erskine Range, Western Australia (W.A.) as the WK race and in the Walter James Range, W.A. as the MacDonnell Ranges (MDR) race of P. lateralis. These findings represent significant range extensions for both taxa. A third P. lateralis population, from the Townsend Ridges, W.A., could not be definitively identified to subspecies or race and appears intermediate between the WK and MDR races. Four animals were examined from this population and all possessed an identical 2n = 21 karyotype characterized by homozygosity for a derived acrocentric chromosome 3 (3a) and heterozygosity for a 9–10 fusion. Rearrangement 3a is typical of the MDR race, while the 9–10 fusion is characteristic of the WK race. The polymorphic Townsend Ridges population could result from the de novo creation of a 9–10 fusion (similar in morphology to the 9–10 fusion of the WK race) or it may represent evidence of hybridization between the MDR race and either the WK race or a currently unknown taxon. Additional data will be required to distinguish between these hypotheses.Key words: rock wallabies, Petrogale, chromosome rearrangements, G-banding.
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Eldridge, MDB, and RL Close. "Taxonomy of Rock Wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) .1. A Revision of the Eastern Petrogale With the Description of 3 New Species." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 6 (1992): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920605.
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The taxonomy of Petrogale has been in a state of flux for many years. The eight chromosome races of the eastern Petrogale radiation are currently placed in four species. However, several of these 'species' contain chromosomally unrelated taxa. In this paper a species definition for Petrogale is proposed that allows for some gene flow between species but requires a species to maintain a substantial and distinct genetic identity. When this definition was applied to the eastern Petrogale eight 'good' species were identified. Thus we now consider the eastern Petrogale complex to consist of P. penicillata, P. herberti (formerly P. penicillata herberti), P. inornata, P. assimilis, P. sharmani, sp. nov. (formerly the Mt Claro race), P. mareeba, sp. nov. (formerly the Mareeba race), P. godmani and P. coenensis, sp. nov. (formerly the Cape York race). Several of these taxa are cryptic species and the primary means of identification used was chromosome number and morphology. However, genic data were useful in establishing whether each taxon should be regarded as a separate species.
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Mao, Yingyu, and Silvia C. Finnemann. "Acute RhoA/Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Sufficient to Restore Phagocytic Capacity to Retinal Pigment Epithelium Lacking the Engulfment Receptor MerTK." Cells 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2021): 1927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10081927.
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The diurnal phagocytosis of spent photoreceptor outer segment fragments (POS) by retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is essential for visual function. POS internalization by RPE cells requires the assembly of F-actin phagocytic cups beneath surface-tethered POS and Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK) signaling. The activation of the Rho family GTPase Rac1 is necessary for phagocytic cup formation, and Rac1 is activated normally in MerTK-deficient RPE. We show here that mutant RPE lacking MerTK and wild-type RPE deprived of MerTK ligand both fail to form phagocytic cups regardless of Rac1 activation. However, in wild-type RPE in vivo, a decrease in RhoA activity coincides with the daily phagocytosis burst, while RhoA activity in MerTK-deficient RPE is constant. Elevating RhoA activity blocks phagocytic cup formation and phagocytosis by wild-type RPE. Conversely, inhibiting RhoA effector Rho kinases (ROCKs) rescues both F-actin assembly and POS internalization of primary RPE if MerTK or its ligand are lacking. Most strikingly, acute ROCK inhibition is sufficient to induce the formation and acidification of endogenous POS phagosomes by MerTK-deficient RPE ex vivo. Altogether, RhoA pathway inactivation is a necessary and sufficient downstream effect of MerTK phagocytic signaling such that the acute manipulation of cytosolic ROCK activity suffices to restore phagocytic capacity to MerTK-deficient RPE.
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Kumar, Ajay, R. M. Tripathi, Sabyasachi Rout, Manish K. Mishra, P. M. Ravi, and A. K. Ghosh. "Characterization of groundwater composition in Punjab state with special emphasis on uranium content, speciation and mobility." Radiochimica Acta 102, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2014-2109.
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Abstract Groundwaters (borewell and handpump) were sampled from two districts (Bathinda and Mansa) of Punjab state and analyzed for their major ionic concentrations and uranium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The major ionic concentrations of waters were plotted on a Piper diagram and grouped into four dominant hydrochemical facies as (Na+K)-SO4+Cl type (69% – 73%), (Ca+Mg)-SO4+Cl type (6% – 21%), (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type (4% – 6%) and (Na+K)-HCO3 type (2% – 19%). It was observed that mobility of uranium in groundwater was very much influenced by TDS (total dissolved solids). To investigate the various mechanisms for deriving the elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater, 234U/238U activity ratios (ARs) were calculated using the determined activity levels of 234U and 238U. The mean ARs was found to be near unity (i.e. secular equilibrium) in the study regions confirmed that uranium in groundwaters was mainly resulted from its host/parent rocks through weathering processes. The concentration of HCO3 − in ground water showed one order of magnitude higher than the total dissolved SiO2 indicates that carbonate weathering was the dominant process due to major water–rock interaction. The uranium speciation in groundwaters was investigated by an equilibrium model calculation using MEDUSA (make equilibrium diagrams using sophisticated algorithms) under the influence of redox conditions and complexant concentration. At the observed range of pH values, the predominant redox speciation of uranium was observed as hydroxo-carbonato complexes of (UO2)2(CO3)(OH)3 − and hydroxyl complexes of UO2(OH)3 − which might be caused for increasing the solubility of uranium. Due to very low concentration of phosphate in groundwater, its effects on U(VI)-aqueous speciation was negligible.
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BRACKETT, DAVID. "Improvisation and Value in Rock, 1966." Journal of the Society for American Music 14, no. 2 (April 24, 2020): 197–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196320000073.
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AbstractThe mid-1960s has figured as a central period in the historiography of popular music, but the role of improvisation has been little discussed. This article argues that issues of improvisation and value are crucial to understanding the emergence of a high-low split within popular music, a division that figures prominently in criticism and fan discourse up to the present day. This new stratification within popular music made it possible for rock to acquire critical prestige relative to other popular music genres. The formation of rock also relied on its association with a primarily white, male, middle-class demographic. This article demonstrates that rock's prestige rests simultaneously on maintaining this narrow demographic profile while locating aesthetic and spiritual value in musical practices coming from elsewhere (in terms of geography, race, or cultural hierarchy): blues, Indian classical music, jazz. The socio-musical transformation in which improvisation played such an important role is explored through a survey of recordings and an analysis of the development of rock criticism in 1966, the year in which a new constellation of aesthetics, politics, and musical style crystallized.
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Ruykys, Laura. "Multi-scale habitat associations of the black-footed rock-wallaby in north-western South Australia." Wildlife Research 44, no. 3 (2017): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr17025.
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Context Research on species’ habitat associations is strengthened if it combines coarse-grained landscape data with finer-scale parameters. However, due to the effort required to measure fine-scale parameters, studies on threatened species that unite these two scales remain relatively rare. Aim This study aimed to undertake a multi-scale analysis of the habitat association of the threatened Petrogale lateralis (MacDonnell Ranges race) in the Anangu Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara (APY) Lands, South Australia. Method Analyses were conducted at four spatial scales: (1) across the Central Ranges IBRA Region (regional scale); (2) on hills in the APY Lands at which P. lateralis is extant and extinct (site scale); (3) at ‘core’ and ‘non-core’ areas within those hills (hillside scale); and (4) at rocky refuges. The maximum entropy approach through the software MaxEnt was used for the analysis at the regional scale. At the remaining scales, fieldwork was used to collect, and regression modelling to analyse, data. Key results At the regional scale, presence was associated with slope and geology. At the site scale, aspect, rock abundance and habitat type are likely to have facilitated animal persistence at extant sites. At the hillside scale, the aspect, vegetation type and rock complexity of core areas are likely to have contributed to their higher use. Size, exposure and accessibility were significant predictors of the use of rocky refuges. Conclusions All four spatial scales yielded novel information on the habitat associations of P. lateralis, supporting previous researchers’ suggestions that habitat modelling should be conducted at multiple spatial scales. Implications The study exemplifies the utility of combining MaxEnt modelling with fieldwork-derived data. The results may have conservation implications for this threatened race, and may also provide a model for other studies of faunal habitat associations.
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Feder, Judy. "NASA Prepares To Drill for the “Oil of Space”." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 04 (April 1, 2021): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0421-0024-jpt.
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“We’re going to the Moon, and we’re going there to stay this time,” has become a NASA mantra as the US competes with other countries, including China and Russia (https://jpt. spe.org/esa-roscosmos-to-mine-oxygen-water-from-moon-rocks-as-nasa-eyes-first-artemis-lunar-mission), to be the first to put humans on the Moon and Mars. The race will rely heavily on using resources available on the planetary bodies - or in-situ resource utilization (ISRU). Chief among these is water, which has been called “the oil of space.” As NASA prepares for Artemis mission astronauts to land on the Moon in 2024, it will fly at least two preliminary missions to look for water and gather information about the lunar south pole. The Polar Resources Ice-Mining Experiment (PRIME-1) and Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover (VIPER) missions, which will be launched in late 2022 and 2023, respectively, will be the first missions to study ISRU on another celestial body. They will also mark the first time NASA will robotically sample and analyze for ice from below the surface. And they will use technologies transferred and adapted from oil and gas exploration. Reconnaissance Missions Data from nearly 3 decades of lunar orbiter and impactor missions suggest that the Moon’s “soils,” particularly at its south pole and other regions, could contain hundreds of millions of gallons of water that could eventually be harvested and converted to oxygen, fuel, or drinkable water for human use on the Moon, Mars, and beyond. But, at what concentrations? In what kinds of soils? And is the water in a form that’s accessible? Most of the information we have about the presence of water-ice on the Moon comes from orbital measurements. The only direct evidence acquired to date came in 2009 from a sensing satellite aboard a spacecraft that was purposely crashed in the Cabeus crater. The material ejected as a result of the impact was analyzed with a spectrometer to reveal the presence of 5.6%±2.9% water-ice by mass. The form, distribution, composition, and quantity of the water-ice remain largely uncertain. The only way to reduce this uncertainty is to obtain ground-truth data by drilling exploratory boreholes in the crater. This will be the purpose of the PRIME-1 and VIPER missions. PRIME-1 will last a week to 10 days, during which a robot will deploy a drill and mass spectrometer to harvest and preliminarily evaluate moon-ice for quality and regional heights and to determine how much of the ice is lost to a process known as sublimation, wherein the water transforms directly from solid ice into vapor, rather than first going through a liquid phase. In addition to ice, PRIME-1 will gather samples including rock samples to help date the sequence of impact events on the Moon, core tube samples to capture ancient solar wind trapped in regolith layers (unconsolidated, inorganic rocky material), and paired samples of material to characterize the presence of volatiles and to assess geotechnical differences between materials inside and outside permanent shadows. The samples will be returned to Earth and studied to characterize and document the regional geology, including the small, permanently shadowed regions. The data from the mission will help scientists understand how a mobile robot to be used on the subsequent VIPER mission can search for water at the Moon’s pole, and how much water may be available to use as NASA plans to establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon by the end of the decade (Fig. 1).
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Eldridge, Mark D. B., and Sally Potter. "Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). V. A description of two new subspecies of the black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis)." Australian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 1 (2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo19063.
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The black-footed rock-wallaby (Petrogale lateralis) is the most widespread member of the endemic Australian macropodid genus Petrogale. Considerable morphological and genetic diversity within this species has long been recognised and P. lateralis is currently divided into three described subspecies (P. lateralis lateralis, P. l. pearsoni, P. l. hacketti) and two undescribed forms (MacDonnell Ranges race, West Kimberley race). Chromosomal, morphological, genic and genomic studies have demonstrated that these five taxa are closely related but distinguishable. Here, we formally name the MacDonnell Ranges race and the West Kimberley race as subspecies of P. lateralis. Taxonomic registration: (LSID publication) http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:71C3B7CE-CE3D-4A78-83A6-5EB50FBBA810
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Pradhan, Susanta Kumar, and Balram Ambade. "Determination of trace uranium in thorium matrix by laser induced fluorimetry after separation of thorium by its fluoride precipitation using NH4HF2." Radiochimica Acta 109, no. 3 (January 26, 2021): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ract-2020-0050.
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Abstract Thorium, a major element in thorium matrix, quenches uranium fluorescence when it is present above the ratio (Th/U) of 2000 in conventional pellet fluorimetry determination of uranium. A single step ‘sample digestion cum thorium fluoride precipitation’ with NH4HF2 has been developed for separation of bulk thorium as hydrated thorium fluoride precipitates. Uranium in aqueous solution is extracted into ethyl acetate and stripped into pyrophosphate medium (pH ∼ 7), prior to its laser induced fluorimetry determination. Optimizations of certain parameters such as the effects of fluoride flux, mineral acid, temperature and time, stripping solution, diverse ions etc. are discussed in detail. The method has been validated by analyzing a set of synthetic mixtures and certified reference materials of rock samples such as SY-2, SY-3, GSP-2, NKT-1 and CG-2 doped with a large excess of thorium. This method has been applied for the determination of microgram to nanogram uranium in thorium rich rocks and synthetic nuclear grade ThO2 with high degree of accuracy and precision. This is the improvement of the existing method which involves two liquid-liquid solvent extraction separation of thorium and uranium using the chelating agent 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene at the different pH, compared to one solvent extraction separation of uranium in the present method, because separation of thorium by precipitation as its fluoride has already been carried out during sample digestion step itself. The proposed method involving ammonium hydrogen fluoride in combination with laser induced fluorimetry is simple, rapid, cost effective and more eco-friendly.
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Street, Joe. "Race, Rock, and Elvis by Michael T. Bertrand." Souls 10, no. 1 (March 17, 2008): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10999940801937805.
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Wan, Anmin, and Xianming Chen. "Virulence, Frequency, and Distribution of Races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei Identified in the United States in 2008 and 2009." Plant Disease 96, no. 1 (January 2012): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-02-11-0119.
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Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, the causal agents of stripe rust on wheat and barley, respectively, can change rapidly in virulence, and such changes may overcome resistance in cultivars and result in severe epidemics. To monitor virulence changes in the pathogen populations, isolates obtained from stripe rust samples collected by the authors and collaborators from 17 U.S. states in 2008 and 13 states in 2009 were tested on 20 wheat and 12 barley differential lines to identify races of P. striiformis f. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei, respectively. In 2008, 33 P. striiformis f. tritici (PST) races were detected, including a new race, PST-138, which was similar to previously identified PST-127 (virulent on wheat differentials 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20) but not virulent on differential 8. The five most frequent races were PST-114 (virulent on differentials 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20), PST-100 (virulent on differentials 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20), PST-116 (similar to PST-114 plus virulent on differential 5), PST-101 (similar to PST-100 plus virulent on differential 2), and PST-98 (similar to PST-100 but not virulent on differential 9). In 2009, 26 P. striiformis f. tritici races were identified, including two new races, PST-139 and PST-140. PST-139 was similar to PST-127 but not virulent on differentials 16 and 20. PST-140 was similar to PST-114 but not virulent on differential 9. The five most frequent races were PST-139 (19%), PST-140 (14%), PST-114 (11%), PST-116 (10%), and PST-127 (9%). However, the most widely distributed races were PST-98 (in 10 of the 14 states) and PST-102 (in 7 of the 14 states). Differential genotype AvSYr5NIL (Yr5) was the only one among the 20 differentials that remained resistant to all of the identified races. Virulence diversity of the P. striiformis f. tritici populations was higher west of the Rocky Mountains. For barley stripe rust, P. striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH)-33 (virulent on barley differentials 1 and 7) was the most common (46%) of the 11 races detected in 2008, including a new race, PSH-82 (virulent only on barley differentials 1 and 11). In 2009, six previously identified races were detected, of which five (PSH-16, PSH-38, PSH-46, PSH-54, and PSH-71) were detected in Washington and two (PSH-54 and PSH-70) in Oregon. The information on P. striiformis f. sp. tritici and P. striiformis f. sp. hordei races should be useful in selecting genes for developing cultivars with effective stripe rust resistance.
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Adamovský, R., L. Mašek, and P. Neuberger. " Analysis of rock mass borehole temperatures with vertical heat exchanger." Research in Agricultural Engineering 58, No. 2 (June 13, 2012): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/43/2011-rae.
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The goal of the article is to analyze the distribution and changes of temperatures in boreholes with the rock mass/fluid tubular heat exchangers used as an energy source for the heat pump. It also aims at documenting changes of temperatures in the rock mass during stagnation and heat extraction, and to compare the temperatures in the active and referential borehole. The testing results showed that temperatures of the rock mass reached a minimal value of 1.3°C at depths of 9 m and 20 m with maximal heat extraction corresponding to minimal air temperatures. The temperatures of the rock mass increased near the end of the heating season to values which correspond to the initial values. The temperature differences of the rock mass between the reference borehole and active boreholes increased to up to 10.5 K during the heating season. However, the temperature differences at the end of the heating season between the reference and active boreholes dropped back to 0.5–1.1 K.
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Pearson, D. J., and J. E. Kinnear. "A Review of The Distribution, Status and Conservation of Rock-wallabies in Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97137.
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Western Australia has five species of rock-wallabies. Petrogale brachyotis, Petrogale burbidgei and Petrogale concinna occur in wet-dry tropical habitats in the Kimberley region. Petrogale rothschildi is a Pilbara region endemic, while Petrogale lateralis has the largest distribution, extending from the south-west Kimberley to islands off the southern coastline. There have been few collections of the three species restricted to the Kimberley. Their small size, secretive disposition and variable pelage have hampered field identification, and thus, understanding of their distribution and status. The populations of all three are currently believed to be stable and their status is considered secure. Petrogale rothschildi is known from the Hamersley and Chichester Ranges, the east Pilbara, the Burrup Peninsula and four islands in the Dampier Archipelago. It is abundant on three of these islands but has declined on Dolphin island. The status of the mainland populations is uncertain. Petrogale lateralis is a diverse species, with two subspecies and two chromosomal races occurring in WA. Petrogale lateralis hacketti is restricted to three islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. Petrogale lateralis lateralis has declined throughout its mainland range, with extant populations known from six localities in the Wheatbelt; Cape Range; the Calvert Range; and Barrow and Salisbury Islands. It may still be extant in Kalbarri National Park. Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race has a restricted distribution but appears secure, while P. lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race has declined markedly in recent years. Fox predation has been implicated in the decline of some populations of P. lateralis and P. rothschildi. The impact of factors such as competition from introduced grazers (stock, rabbits, goats), fire and habitat clearing have not been examined. Increased control of exotic predators, taxonomic research to clarify the identity of unsampled populations and field surveys are needed to improve the conservation outlook for WA rock-wallabies.
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Linden, Paul. "Race, Hegemony, and the Birth of Rock & Roll." Journal of the Music and Entertainment Industry Educators Association 12, no. 1 (2012): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.25101/12.2.
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Brackett, David. "Review: Race, Rock, and Elvis by Michael T. Bertrand." Journal of the American Musicological Society 57, no. 1 (2004): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2004.57.1.215.
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Barbee, Matthew Mace. "White Riot: Punk Rock and the Politics of Race." Popular Music and Society 36, no. 5 (December 2013): 699–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03007766.2012.753709.
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Pardue, Derek. "WHITE RIOT: PUNK ROCK AND THE POLITICS OF RACE." Ethnic and Racial Studies 36, no. 1 (January 2013): 220–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.715663.
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Gibson, D. F. "Distribution and Conservation Status of the Black-Footed Rock-Wallaby, Petrogale lateralis (MacDonnell Ranges race), in the Northern Territory." Australian Mammalogy 21, no. 2 (1999): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am00213.
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The distribution and conservation status of the Black-footed Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis (MacDonnell Ranges race), in the Northern Territory were investigated to complement previous surveys in adjoining areas of Western Australia and South Australia. Historical data were collated and compared with recent biological survey results obtained between 1870 and 1999. From a total of 469 records, 400 were collated for the period 1975-1999. The species occurs over ten biogeographic regions, principally within the MacDonnell Ranges bioregion, but with many populations in the Burt Plain and Great Sandy Desert bioregions. It is widely distributed through pastoral, Aboriginal, conservation and urban land and, at present, retains much the same distribution as concluded from early records. Thirteen conservation areas and 30 pastoral leases currently support populations of the species. An unknown number of animals live in and about Alice Springs. Only two National Parks, the West MacDonnells and Finke Gorge, are considered large and diverse enough to ensure the long-term survival of P. lateralis. Measures of abundance are not available but numbers of animals in conservation areas are perceived to have remained stable or to have increased over the past 20 years. Surveys undertaken during the period 1975-1999 indicate that P. lateralis have disappeared from 21 of 400 sites. Petrogale lateralis were present on all major rock types, including many granite outcrops. They were most widespread and apparently abundant on major quartzite ranges such as the MacDonnells where steep cliff faces, gorges, scree slopes and fire shadow areas are common. The wide distribution of P. lateralis in the Northern Territory in comparison to other states may be due to a variety of factors: widespread, relatively contiguous and variable habitat, occupation of country north of the core distribution of Oryctolagus cuniculus and of Vulpes vulpes, the inability of Capra hircus to persist and thus to compete in rocky range habitat, and a government 1080 poisoning programme for Canis lupus dingo on pastoral land. There is however, concern for the survival of some populations on many small ranges and rock outcrops on the fringes of its known distribution where recent observations indicate that numbers of animals are low.
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Coates, Norma. "Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race (review)." Women and Music: A Journal of Gender and Culture 9, no. 1 (2005): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wam.2005.0003.
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Eldridge, M. D. B., A. C. C. Wilson, C. J. Metcalfe, A. E. Dollin, J. N. Bell, P. M. Johnson, P. G. Johnston, and R. L. Close. "Taxonomy of rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia : Macropodidae). III. Molecular data confirms the species status of the purple-necked rock-wallaby (Petrogale purpureicollis Le Souef)." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 4 (2001): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo00082.
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Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was undertaken to resolve the systematic uncertainties surrounding the morphologically distinct purple-necked rock-wallaby (P. lateralis purpureicollis) of north-west Queensland, Australia. A comparison of mtDNA sequence divergence using both whole mtDNA restriction site and control-region sequence analyses revealed that P. l. purpureicollis was as well differentiated from other P. lateralis (black-footed rock-wallaby) taxa as P. lateralis was from P. penicillata (brush-tailed rock-wallaby) or P. assimilis (allied rock-wallaby). Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence data suggests thatP. lateralis (sensu lato) is paraphyletic, with P. l. purpureicollis being more closely aligned to P. penicillataand P. assimilis than to P. lateralis (sensu stricto). Data are also presented that demonstrate significant differences in the distribution of the telomeric repeat sequence (TTAGGG)n between the chromosomes of P. l. purpureicollis and the karyotypically similar MacDonnell Ranges race of P. lateralis. In addition, meiosis appears to be severely disrupted in the majority (73%) of oocytes examined from two P. l. purpureicollis MacDonnell Ranges race hybrids. In light of these findings we recommend that the purple-necked rock-wallaby be reinstated as a full species, P. purpureicollis Le Souef 1924.
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Sydney Hutchinson. "Asian Fury: A Tale of Race, Rock, and Air Guitar." Ethnomusicology 60, no. 3 (2016): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.60.3.0411.
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Chiao, May. "Rock legend retells the race to the Moon — in 3D." Nature 563, no. 7732 (November 2018): 469–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07342-9.
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Argus, George W. "Studies of the Salix lucida and Salix reticulata complexes in North America." Canadian Journal of Botany 64, no. 3 (March 1, 1986): 541–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-069.
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A study of morphological variation in the Salix lucida complex revealed three geographical races: one in northeastern North America, a second in western North America extending from Alaska to California, and a third in the southern Rocky Mountains, S. lucida ssp. lucida, Salix lucida ssp. lasiandra comb, nov., and Salix lucida ssp. caudata comb, nov., respectively. The Salix reticulata complex in the Rocky Mountain region is represented by two geographical races, ssp. reticulata in the north and ssp. nivalis in the south. Variation in ssp. nivalis suggests that hybridization and introgression occur where the two races overlap, and that the results of past hybridization are still evident in the southern Rocky Mountains.
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El Atat, Oula, Amira Fakih, and Mirvat El-Sibai. "RHOG Activates RAC1 through CDC42 Leading to Tube Formation in Vascular Endothelial Cells." Cells 8, no. 2 (February 18, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8020171.
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Angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer cell malignancy. The role of the RHO family GTPase RHOG in angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells has recently been elucidated. However, the regulation of RHOG during this process, as well as its cross-talk with other RHO GTPases, have yet to be fully examined. In this study, we found that siRNA-mediated depletion of RHOG strongly inhibits tube formation in vascular endothelial cells (ECV cells), an effect reversed by transfecting dominant active constructs of CDC42 or RAC1 in the RHOG-depleted cells. We also found CDC42 to be upstream from RAC1 in these cells. Inhibiting either Phosphatidyl inositol (3) kinase (PI3K) with Wortmannin or the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular-regulated kinase (MAPK ERK) with U0126 leads to the inhibition of tube formation. While knocking down either RHO, GTPase did not affect p-AKT levels, and p-ERK decreased in response to the knocking down of RHOG, CDC42 or RAC1. Recovering active RHO GTPases in U0126-treated cells also did not reverse the inhibition of tube formation, placing ERK downstream from PI3K-RHOG-CDC42-RAC1 in vascular endothelial cells. Finally, RHOA and the Rho activated protein kinases ROCK1 and ROCK2 positively regulated tube formation independently of ERK, while RHOC seemed to inhibit the process. Collectively, our data confirmed the essential role of RHOG in angiogenesis, shedding light on a potential new therapeutic target for cancer malignancy and metastasis.
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Burke, Patrick. "Tear down the walls: Jefferson Airplane, race, and revolutionary rhetoric in 1960s rock." Popular Music 29, no. 1 (January 2010): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143009990389.
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AbstractWhile the notion of the ‘rock revolution’ of the 1960s has by now become commonplace, scholars have rarely addressed the racial implications of this purported revolution. This article examines a notorious 1968 blackface performance by Grace Slick, lead singer of Jefferson Airplane, to shed light on a significant tendency in 1960s rock: white musicians casting themselves as political revolutionaries by enacting an idealised vision of African American identity. Rock, a form dominated by white musicians and audiences but pervasively influenced by black music and style, conveyed deeply felt but inconsistent notions of black identity in which African Americans were simultaneously subjected to insensitive stereotypes and upheld as examples of moral authority and revolutionary authenticity. Jefferson Airplane's references to black culture and politics were multifaceted and involved both condescending or naïve radical posturing and sincere respect for African American music. The Airplane appear to have been engaged in a complex if imperfect attempt to create a contemporary musical form that reflected African American influences without asserting dominance over those influences. Their example suggests that closer attention to racial issues allows us to address the revolutionary ambitions of 1960s rock without romanticising or trivialising them.
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Brownlee,, Henry T. "Maureen Mahon, Right to Rock: The Black Rock Coalition and the Cultural Politics of Race." Journal of African American History 91, no. 1 (January 2006): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv91n1p109.
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Stratton, Jon. "‘All Rock and Rhythm and Jazz’: Rock ‘n’ Roll Origin Stories and Race in Australia." Continuum 21, no. 3 (August 3, 2007): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10304310701460730.
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Abdul-Jaber, Qasem H., and H. Khoury. "Unusual mineralisation in the Maqarin Area (North Jordan) and the occurrence of some rare minerals in the marbles and the weathered rocks." Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen 208, no. 1-3 (October 20, 1998): 603–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/208/1998/603.
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Schaap, Julian, and Pauwke Berkers. "De nieuwe Hendrix : Witheid als scheidslijn in de evaluatie van rockmuziek in Nederland en de Verenigde Staten1." Sociologie 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 119–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/soc2018.2/3.004.scha.
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Abstract Popular music can have a function in the creation of boundaries between groups, particularly regarding race and ethnicity. Music genres such as rock or hip-hop do not only reflect ethno-racial groups, but are often structured along ethno-racial lines. Based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis of 577 rock music album reviews, this article investigates (i) to what extent ethno-racial boundaries are (re)produced and/or contested in the critical and consumer reception of rock music in the Netherlands and the United States between 2003 and 2013, (ii) to what extent professional reviewers and consumer reviewers differ from each other regarding ethno-racial classifications in their reception of rock music, and (iii) whether there is a difference between the ethno-racial context of the Netherlands and the United States. Albums by non-white artists tend to receive lower evaluations than those by white artists, particularly when reviewed by consumer critics. Although both types of reviewers often ignore talking about race ‐ echoing a colour-blind ideology, professional critics are more explicit and colour-conscious regarding non-white participation in rock music. Furthermore, five different mechanisms are employed by reviewers as part of ethno-racial boundary work: (i) ethno-racial comparisons, (ii) inter-genre comparisons, (iii) positive ethno-racial marking, (iv) negative ethno-racial marking and (v) minimization and irony.