Academic literature on the topic 'Races question'

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Journal articles on the topic "Races question"

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Maurel, Chloé. "« La question des races »." Gradhiva, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gradhiva.815.

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Angel-Ajani, Asale. "A Question of Dangerous Races?" Punishment & Society 5, no. 4 (October 2003): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14624745030054004.

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Nau, Jean-Yves. "Réponse à James Watson sur la question des races." Revue Médicale Suisse 4, no. 147 (2008): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2008.4.147.0617.

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Bessone, Magali. "La construction de la citoyenneté américaine : une question de droits ou une question de races ?" Revue internationale des sciences sociales 183, no. 1 (2005): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riss.183.0121.

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Goldstein, Warren S. "The Racialization of the Jewish Question." Religion and Theology 27, no. 3-4 (December 8, 2020): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-02703001.

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Abstract This article explores how the Jewish Question went from being a question of whether to give Jews, as a religious minority, citizenship, to a racial theory of a conflict between the Aryan and Semitic races. It explores the origins of Christian anti-Judaism in Europe and describes how it flared up during the Crusades, Inquisition, and Pogroms. It then describes how and explains why the Jewish Question became pseudo-secularized into a pseudo-scientific racial anti-Semitism, which culminated in the Final Solution.
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Hochman, Adam. "IS “RACE” MODERN?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 16, no. 2 (2019): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x19000286.

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AbstractRace theorists have been unable to reach a consensus regarding the basic historical question, “is ‘race’ modern?” I argue that this is partly because the question itself is ambiguous. There is not really one question that race scholars are answering, but at least six. First, is the concept of race modern? Second, is there a modern concept of race that is distinct from earlier race concepts? Third, are “races” themselves modern? Fourth, are racialized groups modern? Fifth, are the means and methods associated with racialization modern? And sixth, are the meanings attached to racialized traits modern? Because these questions have different answers, the debate about the historical origins of “race” cannot be resolved unless they are distinguished. I will explain the ways in which “race” is and is not modern by answering these questions, thereby offering a resolution to a seemingly intractable problem.
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Crépon, Marc. "L’histoire et la géographie des corps. Nietzsche et la question des races." Revue germanique internationale, no. 10 (July 15, 1998): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rgi.692.

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Gilgenkrantz, Simone. "L’humanité au pluriel la génétique et la question des races Bertrand Jordan." médecine/sciences 24, no. 3 (March 2008): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008243252.

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Boyle, Glenn. "Do Financial Incentives Affect The Quality Of Expert Performance? Evidence From The Racetrack." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (January 2, 2013): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v2i2.530.

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Does the quality of performance by experts respond to financial incentives? I provide some new evidence on this question by examining the propensity of racehorse trainers to undertake effort-diverting actions. In a sample of 30426 horse races, I find that lower race stakes are strongly associated with more unexpected outcomes, consistent with more trainers exerting less-than-full effort in such races. These results continue to hold when low-information races are excluded from the sample, thereby ruling out the possibility that stake is simply a proxy for the level of information that is available to bettors. Moreover, in a sub-sample of 4416 races for which final odds data are available, the dispersion in odds is positively related to race stake, consistent with rational bettors recognising the incentives faced by trainers and incorporating this insight in their investments. As a group, horse trainers apparently tailor the quality of their services to the potential size of their remuneration from clients.
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Wieviorka, Michel. "Racism, anti-Semitism and anti-racism in contemporary France." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (March 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2023-001002.

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Racism is a challenge to reason, especially scientific reason, since it is possible to demonstrate that human "races" do not exist for science, and that, for example, the genetic difference between two supposed "races" is no greater than that which can separate two individuals within the same "race". Racism is a denier of human rights. In short, whether it is a question of reason or of law, racism clashes head-on with universal values, and the anti-racist struggle should, in this perspective, only be backed by universalism.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Races question"

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SILLIAU, VALENTIN CHRISTIANE. "Biologie et identite : la question des races humaines vue par les naturalistes l'identification biologique la reference biologique dans l'identification des hommes." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070138.

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Que dit la biologie sur l'identite des individus et des groupes ? cette etude examine les problemes fondamentaux rencontres par les taxonomistes (que ce soit linne et buffon au xviiieme siecle ou les biologistes d'aujourd'hui qui identifient bacteries et virus) en reference a l'ancienne querelle entre nominalistes et realistes et aux questions posees par aristote,: comment definir un individu ? comment attribuer les termes genre et espece aux etres vivants ? comment respecter la continuite du monde vivant dans les classifications ? dans la tentative d'identification de races humaines, depuis buffon, l'incapacite des "biologistes" a faire abstraction des hierarchies raciales acceptees de leur temps, s'est ajoutee aux difficultes classiques de l'identification biologique, ce qui a empeche tout travail rigoureux dans ce domaine jusqu'a une periode recente. La definition du "genome comme logos " est discutee. La possibilite de definir materiellement un etre humain - par son genome et par l'activite de ses neurones - est examinee en utilisant la reflexion contemporaine (philosophy of mind ) et la critique de descartes par merleau-ponty. L'utilisation arbitraire des caracteres biologiques et des filiations dans l'attribution des identites individuelles et collectives est mise en evidence
This work deals with the fundamental problems encountered by taxonomists (linneaus and buffon, in the past, as well as modern-day biologists typing bacteria and viruses). It refers to the old dispute between nominalists and realists and to the questions of aristotle : is it possible to define a living thing as a unique entity ? how can the terms gender and species be applied to living being ? is there a way to acknowledge the cohesion of the living world ? attempts have been made to define human races. Since buffon, the inability of naturalists to cast aside the accepted hierarchies added to the difficulties of biological classification. This explains why no definitive study has been produced, in this field, until recently. This work discusses the genome as logos. It examines the possibility of a physical definition of a human beeing by using the genome and neuronal activity. It offers a critical study based on the contemporary philosophy of mind and on the analysis of descartes's views by merleau-ponty. This work posits that the use of physical traits and generational characteristics to" identify an individual or a group is arbitrary. In making the distinction among political entities, that which is inherently culturally acquired is frequently naturalised
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Cardoso, Lourenço [UNESP]. "O branco ante a rebeldia do desejo: um estudo sobre a branquitude no Brasil." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115710.

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Esta tese O branco ante a rebeldia do desejo objetiva analisar o branco pesquisador que estuda o negro, a cultura, o “universo” negro, etc. A questão central é a seguinte: Por que o branco pensa o Outro e não em si? Ante a esse propósito, optei pela técnica da entrevista, visto que, foi a forma mais direta que encontrei para colher a informação que pretendia. A pesquisa que realizei foi qualitativa e fiz o uso das análises de discurso e de conteúdo para colaborar com a interpretação dos dados. “Vossa Excelência, o branco”, é a figura fundamental deste trabalho. Na primeira parte, procurei conhecê-lo por meio de uma análise histórica e também no contraste com o negro. Além disso, realizei uma autorreflexão com base no pressuposto de que o conhecimento científico possui uma característica subjetiva. Na segunda parte, abordei algumas características culturais e psicológicas da branquitude contemporânea e dialoguei com os acadêmicos que entrevistei. Em nossa interação, tratamos de temas e problemas das relações raciais, sem deixar de perder o foco da problemática principal. Durante a pesquisa, optei também por entrevistar o pesquisador branco que estuda o próprio grupo. A minha intenção foi conhecer sua perspectiva a respeito do seu colega “que pensa o Outro”, levando-se em conta que “ele pensa em si”. Por causa do perfil diferente de pesquisadores surgiu um pequeno contraponto a respeito do problema racial. Para o primeiro (grupo de pesquisadores) seria um “problema do negro”, enquanto, o segundo, considera como um “problema do branco”. Quanto ao arcabouço teórico, dialoguei com a teoria nacional e internacional referente à raça, com maior ênfase aos estudos referentes à branquitude. A mais, fiz uso dos estudos “descoloniais” e da epistemologia clássica
This thesis “White people facing the rebellion of desire” analyzes the white researcher who studies black people, black culture, the “black universe” etc. The central question is: Why does the “white” think about the Other instead of himself? For this purpose, I've chosen the interview technique, the most direct way for me to collect the information I wanted. I’ve conducted a qualitative research using the method of discourse analysis and also content analysis to help me with the data interpretation. “Your Excellency, the white is the key figure of this work. In the first part, I’ve tried to make acquaintance to this persona through historical analysis, opposing it to the black persona. In addition, I’ve performed a self-reflection based on the assumption that scientific knowledge has a subjective characteristic. In the second part, I’ve discussed some cultural and psychological characteristics of contemporary whiteness dialoguing with the academics I’ve interviewed. In our interaction, we’ve dealt with racial relations issues and problems, focusing on the main idea. During the investigation I’ve also chose to interview the white researcher who studies his own group. My intention was to know his perspective about the colleagues who “think about the Other” – taking into account that “he thinks about himself”. A small counterpoint about the racial problem aroused because of all the different researchers' profiles I used. For the first group of researchers it would be a “problem of blacks”, while the second group considers it a “problem of whites”. Regarding the theoretical framework, I’ve dialogued with national and international race theory, with greater emphasis on studies related to whiteness. Furthermore, I’ve used decolonials studies and classical epistemology. Keywords: whiteness, uncritical whiteness, white-centrism, whiteness
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Cardoso, Lourenço. "O branco ante a rebeldia do desejo : um estudo sobre a branquitude no Brasil /." Araraquara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/115710.

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Orientador: Dagoberto José Fonseca
Banca: Bas'ilele Malomalo
Banca: Sônia Maria da Silva Araújo
Banca: Antonio Rago Filho
Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello
Resumo: Esta tese O branco ante a rebeldia do desejo objetiva analisar o branco pesquisador que estuda o negro, a cultura, o "universo" negro, etc. A questão central é a seguinte: Por que o branco pensa o Outro e não em si? Ante a esse propósito, optei pela técnica da entrevista, visto que, foi a forma mais direta que encontrei para colher a informação que pretendia. A pesquisa que realizei foi qualitativa e fiz o uso das análises de discurso e de conteúdo para colaborar com a interpretação dos dados. "Vossa Excelência, o branco", é a figura fundamental deste trabalho. Na primeira parte, procurei conhecê-lo por meio de uma análise histórica e também no contraste com o negro. Além disso, realizei uma autorreflexão com base no pressuposto de que o conhecimento científico possui uma característica subjetiva. Na segunda parte, abordei algumas características culturais e psicológicas da branquitude contemporânea e dialoguei com os acadêmicos que entrevistei. Em nossa interação, tratamos de temas e problemas das relações raciais, sem deixar de perder o foco da problemática principal. Durante a pesquisa, optei também por entrevistar o pesquisador branco que estuda o próprio grupo. A minha intenção foi conhecer sua perspectiva a respeito do seu colega "que pensa o Outro", levando-se em conta que "ele pensa em si". Por causa do perfil diferente de pesquisadores surgiu um pequeno contraponto a respeito do problema racial. Para o primeiro (grupo de pesquisadores) seria um "problema do negro", enquanto, o segundo, considera como um "problema do branco". Quanto ao arcabouço teórico, dialoguei com a teoria nacional e internacional referente à raça, com maior ênfase aos estudos referentes à branquitude. A mais, fiz uso dos estudos "descoloniais" e da epistemologia clássica
Abstract: This thesis "White people facing the rebellion of desire" analyzes the white researcher who studies black people, black culture, the "black universe" etc. The central question is: Why does the "white" think about the Other instead of himself? For this purpose, I've chosen the interview technique, the most direct way for me to collect the information I wanted. I've conducted a qualitative research using the method of discourse analysis and also content analysis to help me with the data interpretation. "Your Excellency, the white" is the key figure of this work. In the first part, I've tried to make acquaintance to this persona through historical analysis, opposing it to the black persona. In addition, I've performed a self-reflection based on the assumption that scientific knowledge has a subjective characteristic. In the second part, I've discussed some cultural and psychological characteristics of contemporary whiteness dialoguing with the academics I've interviewed. In our interaction, we've dealt with racial relations issues and problems, focusing on the main idea. During the investigation I've also chose to interview the white researcher who studies his own group. My intention was to know his perspective about the colleagues who "think about the Other" - taking into account that "he thinks about himself". A small counterpoint about the racial problem aroused because of all the different researchers' profiles I used. For the first group of researchers it would be a "problem of blacks", while the second group considers it a "problem of whites". Regarding the theoretical framework, I've dialogued with national and international race theory, with greater emphasis on studies related to whiteness. Furthermore, I've used decolonials studies and classical epistemology. Keywords: whiteness, uncritical whiteness, white-centrism, whiteness
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Chan, Sau-san. "Choosing an exchange rate regime for a sub-national economy from an optimum currency area perspective : the case of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18492083.

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Vermeren, Pauline. "La "question noire" en question dans la France (post)coloniale : approche philosophique de la race et de l'identité." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070026.

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Cette recherche doctorale s'interroge sur la construction des sujets et des identités (individuelles et collectives dans un contexte colonial et postcolonial français, au XXème siècle, dans lequel la race et la couleur de la peau sont des marqueurs structurants de la conscience de soi, de l'altérité et des rapports sociaux. L'analyse de Ia « question noire », spécifique à l'espace français, nécessite une pluralité d'approches et repose sur un embarras des univers sémantiques et lexicaux dont témoignent les usages des mots que sont la race et l'identité. À partir de perspectives politiques, culturelles, épistémologiques et phénoménologiques, l'enjeu est de saisir la construction historique des catégories raciales, ainsi que la structure sociale et politique qui permet de penser les modes de domination que cette question reflète
This doctoral dissertation discusses the formation of subjects and identities (individual and collective) in a 20th century French colonial and post-colonial context, in which race and color of skin are structural markers on Consciousness, Otherness and of social relations. The analysis of the "Black Question", specifically in the French context, requires a plurality of appropriate methodological approaches, rince it rests on ambivalen semantic and lexical universes as shown by the use of terms such as "race" and "identity". The challenge here is to comprehend, from a political, cultural, epistemological and phenomenological perspective, the historical formation of racial categories as well as the social and political structure that allows us to think of the mode of domination as reflected by the above question
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FitzGerald, Marian. "The race and crime debate in Britain : what was the question?" Thesis, University of Surrey, 1997. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/2236/.

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Premo, Tracy Anne. "The effects of age, race, and question format on racial identification, attitudes, and preference." Scholarly Commons, 1997. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2663.

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The current study assessed racial identification, preference, and awareness using two methods: forced choice, and multiple choice. The participants consisted of 138, 4- and 12-year-old Black, White, and Biracial children. The Preschool Racial Attitude Measure II was used to assess the racial attitudes of children, and Racial Identification and Racial Preference questions were also used. The results show that Black and White children were all able to accurately self-identify. When using the forced choice format the majority of the Biracial children identified as Black, whereas when using the multiple choice format the majority of the Biracial children self identified as both Black and White. When using the multiple choice format to assess Racial Attitude the results revealed that across all racial groups there were more White preference choices by 4 year olds than by 12 year olds. For Racial Attitude, the results also revealed that Whites showed a higher mean White preference score than did Blacks, and Biracial children were intermediate between the other two groups. The results revealed that format did not significantly affect the Racial Preference response among the 4-year-old children, although the percentage of pro-White responses declined significantly when using the multiple choice format with the 12 year olds. For Racial Preference the results also indicate that regardless of format White children had significantly higher pro-White means than the Black children, and for the forced choice format only, Biracial children had a mean pro-White response intermediate between the other two groups. With the multiple choice format, the 4 year olds showed a higher pro-White mean than the 12 year olds. These results show that Biracial children tend to respond in a more race neutral manner when provided more choices than just Black and White. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Gleich, Joshua. "Write First, Ask Questions Later: Publishing and the Race to Tenure Track." UNIV TEXAS PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621069.

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Martinez, Ashley Josephine. "Half Empty/Half Full: Absence, Ethnicity, and the Question of Identity in the United States." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5841.

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This study helps us understand the complexities of transnational abandonment, and transnational abandonment in the context of Saudi heritage in particular. Based on a textual analysis of narratives on a blog by individuals abandoned by their Saudi fathers, my findings suggest that they discursively construct their identity in three ways: a) by negotiating their illegitimate status as perceived by many Saudis, and the validity of their search; b) by making sense of the absence of father and the cultural knowledge of the paternal side, while negotiating the inevitable presence of the father in many other ways and their ethnic difference; c) by navigating the tensions of continuing with the search and anticipating the consequences. These themes highlight how conditions of father absence, particularly where the father has a national origin different from one's own has dynamic and conflicting implications socially and culturally, and for production of identities for their children. In sum, this study challenges uncritical celebration of multiculturalism in the US, and broadens the understanding of the complexities of hybrid identities.
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Quintanilla, Fernando. "Spanish Historiography on the Question of Race, 1940s-2010: How Have Historians Approached Purity of Blood?" Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271939.

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The concept of "purity of blood" in fifteenth and sixteenth century Iberia is one that has given rise to many historical interpretations throughout the decades. The way that race is conceptualized and understood by both the historians who interpret it, and by the society in which in functioned, has shaped the way in which modern historians have approached the study of race. Three significant contributions to the understanding of the idea of race within the Iberian Peninsula of the late medieval and early modern periods are those of Américo Castro, Henry Kamen and David Nirenberg. Each historian approaches race in a fundamentally distinct manner. While historians construct new ideas and ways of understanding the Iberian concept of limpieza de sangre (purity of blood) and race itself - in the past, it is evident that they wrestle with difficulties that are by no means unique, for scholarship continues to strive to add something new to the problem of classifying and identifying human groups, as is our sociological tendency.
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Books on the topic "Races question"

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Nevers, Edmond de. La question des races: Anthologie. Saint-Laurent, QC: Bibliothéque québécoise, 2003.

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Jordan, Bertrand. L' humanité au pluriel: La génétique et la question des races. Paris: Seuil, 2008.

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Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz. The spectacle of the races: Scientists, institutions, and the race question in Brazil, 1870-1930. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999.

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Drac, Michel. La question raciale. [Paris]: Le Retour aux Sources éditeur, 2009.

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Shelley, Marjorie K. Outcome signs, question frames, and discount rates. [Urbana, Ill.]: College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1991.

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Indian Taxation Advisory Board (Canada). The question of rates in Indian taxation. Ottawa: The Board, 1991.

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Birch, Beverley. A question of race. London: Macdonald, 1985.

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Craig, Donnellan, ed. A Question of colour. Cambridge: Independence, 1991.

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Didier, Fassin, and Fassin Eric, eds. De la question sociale à la question raciale?: Représenter la société française. Paris: La Découverte, 2006.

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Didier, Fassin, and Fassin Eric, eds. De la question sociale à la question raciale?: Représenter la société française. Paris: Découverte, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Races question"

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Wu, Wenhao, Jan Hückelheim, Paul D. Hovland, Ziqing Luo, and Stephen F. Siegel. "Model Checking Race-Freedom When “Sequential Consistency for Data-Race-Free Programs” is Guaranteed." In Computer Aided Verification, 265–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37703-7_13.

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AbstractMany parallel programming models guarantee that if all sequentially consistent (SC) executions of a program are free of data races, then all executions of the program will appear to be sequentially consistent. This greatly simplifies reasoning about the program, but leaves open the question of how to verify that all SC executions are race-free. In this paper, we show that with a few simple modifications, model checking can be an effective tool for verifying race-freedom. We explore this technique on a suite of C programs parallelized with OpenMP.
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Mair, Christian. "Chapter 4. Empire, migration and race in the British parliament (1803–2005)." In Exploring Language and Society with Big Data, 118–41. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/scl.111.04mai.

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The chapter studies the intertwined topics of Empire, migration and race in the Hansard Corpus (1803–2005). The British Empire emerges as a prominent topic from the mid-nineteenth century, but rapidly recedes into insignificance in the two decades following World War II. Emigration dominates in the nineteenth century, whereas immigration takes over in the twentieth century. References to race remain frequent throughout, though in the context of two contrasting discourses. Older uses show a broad range of adjective + noun combinations classifying the ‘human race’ on the basis of geographical or physical characteristics (e.g. English race, Indian race, white/black/brown/yellow race) or evaluating groups within a colonialist ideology of white supremacy (e.g. backward/advanced races). Recent and contemporary use of the term is dominated by high-frequency nominal compounds belonging to the vocabulary of identity politics (e.g. race relations). The study situates itself at the interface of historical linguistics, colonial history and cultural studies. Methodologically, it raises the question of the future relationship between corpus linguistics and the Digital Humanities.
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Eldridge, C. C. "A Question of Race?" In The Imperial Experience, 140–66. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24950-3_7.

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Dell'Angelo, Tabitha. "A Question of Balance." In White Women Getting Real About Race, 129–39. New York: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003448716-11.

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Virani, Tarek E., and Rosalind Gill. "Hip Hub? Class, Race and Gender in Creative Hubs." In Creative Hubs in Question, 131–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10653-9_7.

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Frömmig, Lars. "Questions and Tasks." In Basic Course in Race Car Technology, 455–64. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38470-8_11.

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Bryant, Joan L. "“The Whole Question of Race”." In Reluctant Race Men, 275–314. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195312966.003.0008.

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Abstract The chapter maps divergent forms of race challenges that flourished amid competing social and political forces at the turn of the century. Although the racial hierarchy of Jim Crow was an obvious target to attack, the notion that humans could be grouped into discrete races continued to provoke scorn even as race men promoted race consciousness. Their efforts to promote a collective identity founded on race became another phenomenon for reformers to question and interrogate. Proposals for a race names for people of African descent also created an occasion to scrutinize phenomena that comprised races. Legal claims, literature, religious pamphlets, political speeches, and philosophical essays display the divergent perspectives that framed race challenges as reformers continued to seek stable ethical foundations for collective endeavors.
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Dubois, W. E. B. "Miscegenationt." In Interracialism, 461–72. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195128567.003.0026.

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Abstract When back of all this one seeks scientific reasons, the path is singularly difficult. First of all, there is the basic question: What is a race? Usually we think of three main races, but Blumenbach found 5, Agassiz 8, Huxley 11, Haeckel 12, Topinard 18, Crawford 60, and Gliddon 150. The question of the number of human races has quite lost its raison d’etre, and has become a subject rather of philosophical speculation than of scientific research. It is of no more importance now to know how many human races there are than to know how many angels can dance on the point of a needle. Our aim now is to find out how ancient and primitive races developed from others, and how races have changed or evolved through migration and interbreeding. (Professor Felix Von Luschan in “Anthropological View of Race,” Inter-Racial Problems, 1911, pp. 16, 21, 22)
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"Folsom, August 11th: A Question of Races." In The New Abolitionists, xvii—xix. SUNY Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780791483107-003.

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Nathan, Marco J. "Oppression or Emancipation? Part (i)." In The Quest for Human Nature, 165–99. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197699249.003.0006.

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Abstract Chapter 6 focuses on human races, a loaded concept with deep social implications. After a preliminary overview of genetic variation, the bulk of the module presents three general stances concerning races. First, naturalism strives to establish the objective biological “reality” of races. Second, constructionism also conceives of races as “real.” However, unlike naturalism it treats these as social as opposed to natural groupings. Third, eliminativism treats races as fictions to be abandoned, like witches or ghosts. This chapter raises the overarching question of whether empirical and theoretical discoveries legitimize some concept of race and, if so, which one. It is also concerned with the deep connections between races and human nature. Specifically, it’s hard to see what could replace human nature as a baseline for a fair, egalitarian treatment of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, or ancestry, whatever these notions turn out to be.
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Conference papers on the topic "Races question"

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Manukyan, I. R., and N. N. Dogusova. "Resistance of winter wheat cultivars to leaf rust in conditions of the Central Caucasus." In General question of world science. Наука России, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-03-2021-14.

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The main problem of wheat immunity to leaf rust is the loss of efficiency of most Lrgenes. The decrease in efficiency is associated with microevolutionary processes within the population and the emergence of new virulent phytopathogen races that can overcome previously efficient resistance genes. The article presents the results of the phytopathological test and marker analysis of the selected material of winter wheat for resistance to the leaf rust pathogen (Puccinia recondita Rob.ex Desm f. sp. tritici.). The object of the research was 20 cultivar samples of various ecological and geographical origins. DNA was isolated from the leaves of 10-day-old wheat germs. Molecular markers were used for the following genes: Lr9 (SCS5), Lr10 (Fi.2245/Lr10-6/r2), Lr19/Sr25 (SCS265), Lr20/Sr15 (STS638), Lr24/Sr24 (Sr24#12), Lr34/Sr57 (csLV34), Lr37/Sr38/Yr17/Pch2/Cre5 (Ventriup/LN2), Lr41 (GDM35), Lr47 (PS10). Using molecular markers, the studied wheat varieties did not reveal the highly and partially effective genes Lr9, Lr19/Sr25, Lr24/Sr24, Lr41, and Lr47 in Russia, and the ineffective gene Lr20/Sr1. As a result of molecular screening, it was found that the List 25 variety had Lr37 genes; the Mif variety had Lr10 genes; the Eltan variety had Lr10 genes; the Markola variety had Lr34 genes; the Malvina variety had Lr26 genes; the Tvorets variety had Lr10 genes; the DB 1/05 variety had Lr10 genes; the Evklid variety had Lr10 genes; the Sumai aut variety had Lr34 genes; the Lebidka odes'ka variety had Lr34 genes; the Solara variety – Lr34; the Zhiva variety – Lr10, Lr34. When comparing the results of marker analysis with field resistance to leaf rust, the resistant type of reaction to infection (R) was shown by the cultivars: Battum, Eltan, Evklid, Areal, and Solara; the susceptible type of reaction (S) was noted in the cultivars Markola and Mallyska; the medium susceptible type of reaction (MS) – in the cultivars Lebidka odes'ka and Tvorets.
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Hong, Beomseok, and Yanggon Kim. "A Weighted Question Retrieval Model using Descriptive Information in Community Question Answering." In RACS '16: International Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2987386.2987434.

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Guevara, Cesar, Ruth Narciza Zambrano Pintado, and Hugo Luis Moncayo Cueva. "Learning Strategies and Satisfaction of University Services from the Student Perspective." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002394.

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Higher education in Ecuador and in the world faces contemporary challenges that require concentrating efforts to achieve increasingly superior results of the teaching-learning process, especially in this evolution and the transfer of face-to-face classrooms to virtual ones on the one hand and on the other. , also correlate the effect that institutional services have on it. It sounds a bit strange to say this, but there are students who associate the level and quality of teaching-learning also with the way they receive services from the University or Technological Institute. That is why the objective of the study was to evaluate learning strategies and satisfaction in relation to university services from the student perspective in students of the State University of Bolívar. A basic, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional research was developed with a cluster sampling strategy that included a sample of 199 students from the Faculty of Human Sciences of the State University of Bolívar, the inclusion criteria were: first those who were legally enrolled, second those who have received at least two semesters of classes (so that they can evaluate institutional services), third who are of legal age (greater than or equal to 18 years) and finally, fourth who voluntarily decide to participate in the research. As instruments, the CEVEAPEU questionnaire and a student satisfaction questionnaire in relation to university services were applied, both instruments were duly chosen from other investigations that carried out the reliability and validity processes for their application. It was possible to confront the theory of educational strategies, its attributions and conceptions of multiple intelligences in students, as modifiable in the level of student satisfaction with all university services, it was shown a high level and in relation to the importance only the educational environment reached a medium level in two races. Despite obtaining high levels of evaluation of the learning scales and subscales, there is a differentiated behavior of the evaluation of AE between the different careers investigated. Finally, as a conclusion, Ecuadorian HEIs must work on modernization plans for administrative management that are born based on the administrative processes that are carried out in the different departments, where quality regulations can help improve the management system. The study of these processes within a general quality framework is supported by three fundamental pillars: 1) appropriate tools for the process in question, 2) well-established methodologies, and 3) the necessary training of all the people involved in this case. the administrative staff, teachers and students, this is an essential aspect in the improvement processes in the faculty. In addition to this, efforts must also be focused on improving the use of computer strategies through dynamic virtual classes and specialized tools related to technology. In addition to implementing places and / or playful courses that allow better student well-being.
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Tan, Kian Sing, and Young W. Kwon. "Failure Criterion for Varying Strain Rates." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25149.

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Strain rate affects the behaviors of engineering structural materials, such as metals and composites, in terms of their stiffness and strength. In particular, yield and failure strengths and strains depend on the strain rate applied to the materials. When a structural material is subjected to a typical dynamic loading, the material usually undergoes various strain rate loading conditions. Then, the main question is whether the material is going to fail or not. To the authors’ best knowledge, there has been no failure criterion proposed for a varying strain rate loading condition. This paper presents a failure criterion under non-uniform strain rate conditions. Experiments were also conducted to support the proposed failure criterion using aluminum alloy AA3003-H14. This study also investigated the failure envelopes in terms of strain rates and the normalized failure strengths. Furthermore, evaluations of various stressstrain relations under different strain rate loading conditions were also undertaken.
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Parikh, Soham, Ananya Sai, Preksha Nema, and Mitesh Khapra. "ElimiNet: A Model for Eliminating Options for Reading Comprehension with Multiple Choice Questions." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/594.

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The task of Reading Comprehension with Multiple Choice Questions, requires a human (or machine) to read a given {passage, question} pair and select one of the n given options. The current state of the art model for this task first computes a question-aware representation for the passage and then selects the option which has the maximum similarity with this representation. However, when humans perform this task they do not just focus on option selection but use a combination of elimination and selection. Specifically, a human would first try to eliminate the most irrelevant option and then read the passage again in the light of this new information (and perhaps ignore portions corresponding to the eliminated option). This process could be repeated multiple times till the reader is finally ready to select the correct option. We propose ElimiNet, a neural network-based model which tries to mimic this process. Specifically, it has gates which decide whether an option can be eliminated given the {passage, question} pair and if so it tries to make the passage representation orthogonal to this eliminated option (akin to ignoring portions of the passage corresponding to the eliminated option). The model makes multiple rounds of partial elimination to refine the passage representation and finally uses a selection module to pick the best option. We evaluate our model on the recently released large scale RACE dataset and show that it outperforms the current state of the art model on 7 out of the 13 question types in this dataset. Further, we show that taking an ensemble of our elimination-selection based method with a selection based method gives us an improvement of 3.1% over the best-reported performance on this dataset.
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Gadd, Rebecca. "What's the Question? A Critical Methodological Analysis of Teacher Interviews on Race, Culture, and Power." In 2020 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/1585149.

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Fridell, Erik, Alf-Peter Elg, Bengt Kasemo, and Arne Rosén. "Evaluating OH desorption rates from Pt using spatially resolved imaging of Laser-induced fluorescence." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.thddd.6.

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A question of central importance in this contest is to what extent the OH-LIF intensity can be assumed to be proportional to the OH desorption rate. It is demonstrated in this work, that this assumption is not generally valid in the pressure regimes where measurements have been performed.
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Khoroshilova, Svetlana, and Ekaterina Kostina. "THE IMPACT OF STUDENT BLOGS ON THEIR PROFESSIONAL AND SOCIAL COMPETENCIES." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/12.

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In digital era technology is constantly reshaping our future and creates new demands for educators to bridge the gap between old school methodology and digitally-oriented professional landscape. Digital natives, who are flooding our universities at the moment, can’t imagine their lives without mobile phones and social networks. The question that naturally arises is why not to use these ICT advances in and out of the classroom in order to enhance learners’ outcomes in both hard and soft skills? The paper presents the study which evaluates the impact of tertiary-level student blogs in English on the development of their professional and social competences from the students’ perspective. The research questions were: 1) to investigate the students’ experience with running an educational blog; 2) to evaluate the impact of a student educational blog in Public Speaking Course on students’ foreign language proficiency level perceived by language learners themselves; 3) to assess the students’ beliefs and evaluations of the development of their soft skills due to the blogging technology interwoven into the academic process in Public Speaking Course at the university. The method employed in the current research was a questionnaire study to find out learners’ opinions about the impact of students’ blogs on their professional and social competences. The experiment was conducted at Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University (Russia) in which two study groups participated with the total of 32 students. The participants as part of their Public Speaking course had to run a multi-media educational blog in the English language as a portfolio of their progress in this discipline. The questionnaire included demographic questions and research questions. Research questions addressed the respondents’ experience with blogs, their attitudes to blogging, and the perceived impact of blogging technology on their foreign language proficiency level and soft skills. The results of the study showed that most participants were interested in having more experience with both professional and personal blogs in the future and gave high ranking to the impact of such blogs on their foreign language acquisition. The research confirmed our hypothesis that students’ multimedia blogs in the target language would have a positive impact on students’ professional as well as social competences and would enhance their motivation and participation rates.
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Das, Anup, Geoff V. Merrett, and Bashir M. Al-Hashimi. "The Slowdown or Race-to-idle Question: Workload-Aware Energy Optimization of SMT Multicore Platforms under Process Variation." In Proceedings of the 2016 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/9783981537079_0018.

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Adair, Robert, and Bryant Hichwa. "Questions to Consider in the Design of an AC-Sputter System." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.1998.mc.1.

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In the past several years there has been a renewed effort among optical thin film researchers to improve reactive sputtering with either AC or pulsed-DC technology. These related technologies allow one to deposit insulating materials such as SiO2 and Al2O3 in a sputter process that uses metal targets with planar magnetrons. This ability to sputter insulating materials at high rates without arcing represents a breakthrough in technology. Since the invention of the DC magnetron in 1973, arcing has always been one of the limiting factors in reactive sputter deposition. In a 1988 paper, Este and Westwood1 demonstrated an arc reduction technique in which they applied an alternating square wave voltage to a pair of rectangular sputter targets at a frequency in the 100kHz range. Since then a number of researchers have reported on similar arc reduction techniques which allow the deposition of defect free films at DC sputter rates. The results of their work are evident in the number of papers and symposium presentations on AC sputtering and the number of systems currently being set up to sputter oxide coatings reactively. As part of this presentation we will review the current state of the art.
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Reports on the topic "Races question"

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Schultz, Timothy, Michael Zhou, Jodi Gray, Jackie Roseleur, Richard Clark, Dylan Mordaunt, and Peter Hibbert. Patient characteristics and interventions associated with complaints and medico-legal claims. The Sax Institute, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/lioq6047.

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There is anecdotal evidence that the rate of complaints and claims against doctors is rising, yet little is known about (Q1) which types of patients are more likely to make a complaint or claim, nor about (Q2) what interventions are effective in reducing rates of complaints and claims and increasing patient satisfaction. This Evidence Check aimed to answer those two questions. The evidence base for both of the questions was of low quality, with only five studies having a comparison group. Twenty-five studies addressed Question 1. The only patient characteristic to have a consistent effect on rates of complaints and claims was having a mental, behavioural or developmental disorder. Other patient characteristics, including those related to their therapeutic context, had inconsistent or weak relationships with rates of complaints and claims. Twenty studies addressed Question 2 (including one which addressed both questions). There were consistently reduced rates of complaints and claims following implementation of risk management programs and also implementation of communication and resolution programs. Peer feedback programs consistently improved doctors’ response to complaints and subsequent performance. However, the results found here should be interpreted with caution, as the risk of bias inherent in the study designs makes them more likely to erroneously demonstrate an effect.
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Morrison, Judith, Adam Ratzlaff, Marco Rojas, Miguel Jaramillo, Cesar Lins, and Maria Olga Peña. Counting Ethnicity and Race: Harmonizing Race and Ethnicity Data in Latin America (2000-2016). Inter-American Development Bank, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009374.

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This document provides an inventory of available national census and household survey questions on race and ethnicity in Latin America while sharing a methodology for harmonizing data on race and ethnicity across countries over time. By contributing to the understanding of how to harmonize race and ethnicity variables, we hope to increase the pool of researchers who can use race and ethnicity data to undertake cross-country analysis that will inform development policy-making to reduce socio-economic gaps between indigenous peoples, African descendants, and the rest of the population.
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Monge-González, Ricardo, and Federico Torres-Carballo. The Dynamics of Entrepreneurship in Costa Rica: An Analysis of Firm Entry, Exit, and Growth Rates. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006994.

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This study explores for the first time the dynamics of entrepreneurship in Costa Rica based on an analysis of firm entry, exit, and growth rates. Using panel data from 2001 to 2012, it explores the extent to which the growth rates of firms are independent of firm size (Gibrat's law), controlling for age and other possible determinants of growth rates. It also analyzes the question of whether Costa Rica is suffering from the missing middle phenomenon. In addition, it explores the questions of which firms are generating more jobs and which companies show high and sustained growth rates (gazelles). The results show an inverse relationship between size and growth rates of firms, even after controlling for age, which does not agree with the predictions of Gibrat's law. In short, it was found that young and small firms are growing faster than older and larger firms in Costa Rica. However, the results also show that large firms are the only ones whose average size increased between 2001 and 2012. It is clear that Costa Rica is not suffering from the missing middle phenomenon, because although there are a very large number of micro and small firms, there is not a bimodal distribution. Indeed, mid-sized firms are missing, but large firms are missing too, and the fraction of firms of a given size is smoothly declining in firm size in all of the years analyzed. On the other hand, a positive and significant relationship between the growth rates of firms and their export experience was found, as well as between the former and firm participation as a local supplier of multinational companies.
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Ianchovichina, Elena, Thomas Hertel, and Terrie Walmsley. Understanding the Slowdown in Foreign Investment in China. GTAP Research Memoranda, February 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.rm26.

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No one thought China’s high growth rates would persist forever, or that multinational firms would always keep pouring into the Chinese market, eager to establish operations regardless of local conditions. Economic convergence ensures that there will be a cooling off as wages rise and expected rates of return to investments fall. The difficult question has never been whether China will lose its luster, but when this would happen and how the adjustment will occur.
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Yarabarla, Varun, Amrutha Mylarapu, and Meghan Lane-Fall. Determining the Impact of Gender and Racial Inequality on Diversity within Academic Anesthesiology and Surgery. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0129.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to determine the method of assignment of gender, race, ethnicity in studies of inequalities within academic anesthesiology and surgery Rationale: We are hoping to highlight the variability in gender, race, and ethnicity assignment in studies of professional diversity for the purposes of characterizing the strength of the evidence of such studies. Study designs to be included: Any original research including case series, cohorts, systematic reviews, etc. (Does not including commentary).
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Gupta, Aditya, Maanasa Venkataraman, and Mary Bamimore. The relative efficacy of monotherapies for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis: a systematic review with quantitative syntheses of the evidence base. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0157.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of the proposed study is to examine the relative efficacy of monotherapies for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis, as per mycological, clinical and/or complete cure rates. Condition being studied: Dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis. Eligibility criteria: A randomized or observational study with at least one arm investigating the efficacy of antifungal monotherapy for dermatophyte toenail onychomycosis in terms of mycological cure, complete cure and/or clinical cure.
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Li, Shifu, Wengui Tao, Chudai Zeng, Langchao Yan, and Fenghua Chen. The safety and efficacy of flow diverter versus conventional endovascular treatment in intracranial aneurysm: a meta-analysis of the real-world cohort studies over last ten years. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0061.

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Review question / Objective: Did adult patients with intracranial aneurysms (patient population) who underwent flow diverter (FD, Intervention) have better clinical outcomes, higher rates of aneurysm occlusion, and lower rates of mortality and procedure related complications (outcomes) when compared with patients who received the conventional endovascular treatments (CEV, control) from January 2010 to December 2020? Eligibility criteria: The inclusion criteria are: 1. directly comparison of FD and conventional endovascular treatment, including coiling alone, stent alone, stent-assisted coiling, and balloon-assisted coiling; 2. patients ≥18 years with intracranial aneurysms; 3. detailed follow up angiographic and clinical outcomes; 4. the number of patients in two groups at least 10 patients. The exclusion criteria are:1. less than 10 participants in either group; 2. without the report of outcome variables; 3. studies primarily focus on children patients; 4. studies primarily focus on one interventional tool.
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Yuan, Bo, Wei Cao, Xieyu Zhang, Yue Yang, and Jiahe Zhao. Telemedicine effect on rheumatoid arthritis : A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.1.0109.

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Review question / Objective: The role of telemedicine has been highlighted by researchers in many fields as a potential advantage for improving quality of life, increasing patient adherence, and alleviating patient concerns. Telemedicine is patient-acceptable with high satisfaction rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, there is a lack of consistent results among important indicators regarding RA, such as patient pain assessment and health-related quality of life. Thus, we plan to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of telemedicine on patients with RA. Information sources: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases.
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Sankaranarayanan, Anoop, Preethi Ramanathan, Rinu Mathew, Helen Wilding, and David Castle. Disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.3.0108.

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Review question / Objective: We were interested in studying the prevalence and correlates of disordered gambling among people with psychotic disorders. Participants: Adults (18-65 years) with psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, Psychosis NOS, first episode psychosis or first episode schizophrenia, early psychosis or early schizophrenia, schizophreniform psychosisschi-zophrenia, schizoaffective disorders, psychosis NOS). Indication: Disordered gambling or pathological gambling or gambling disorder. Comparator: Adults with psychotic disorders who do not have disordered gambling or healthy controls. Outcome: Prevalence and correlates. To investigate these issues further, we systematically reviewed published studies that report an association between psychosis and disordered gambling. We aimed to summarize the rates and correlates of disordered gambling among people with psychotic illnesses. We hypothesized that the rates would be higher than seen in the general population. In keeping with reports on gambling in general, we also hypothesized that gambling disorder in psychosis would be associated with being male, younger age, lower education, and lower socio-economic status.
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Litwin, Tomasz, Anna Członkowska, Jan Bembenek, Agnieszka Antos, Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Adam Przybyłkowski, Marta Skowrońska, and Łukasz Smolinski. Maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in Wilson’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0003.

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Review question / Objective: What are maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in WD? Condition being studied: The maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in WD: the rates of successful deliveries, abortions, birth defects, and worsening of WD during pregnancy. Eligibility criteria: We will search the PubMed database (up to 12 January 2022) for original studies (prospective and retrospective), case reports, and case series that have analyzed pregnancy outcomes in women with WD. The search terms will be as follows: (“Wilson’s disease/”Wilson disease” and “pregnancy”) and (“Wilson disease”/”Wilson disease” and “birth defect”). Included will be studies published in English. The reference lists of the extracted publications will also be searched.
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