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Journal articles on the topic 'Races question'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 26 July 2024

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1

Maurel, Chloé. "« La question des races »." Gradhiva, no. 5 (May 1, 2007): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/gradhiva.815.

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2

Angel-Ajani, Asale. "A Question of Dangerous Races?" Punishment & Society 5, no. 4 (October 2003): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14624745030054004.

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3

Nau, Jean-Yves. "Réponse à James Watson sur la question des races." Revue Médicale Suisse 4, no. 147 (2008): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.53738/revmed.2008.4.147.0617.

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4

Bessone, Magali. "La construction de la citoyenneté américaine : une question de droits ou une question de races ?" Revue internationale des sciences sociales 183, no. 1 (2005): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/riss.183.0121.

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5

Goldstein, Warren S. "The Racialization of the Jewish Question." Religion and Theology 27, no. 3-4 (December 8, 2020): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-02703001.

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Abstract This article explores how the Jewish Question went from being a question of whether to give Jews, as a religious minority, citizenship, to a racial theory of a conflict between the Aryan and Semitic races. It explores the origins of Christian anti-Judaism in Europe and describes how it flared up during the Crusades, Inquisition, and Pogroms. It then describes how and explains why the Jewish Question became pseudo-secularized into a pseudo-scientific racial anti-Semitism, which culminated in the Final Solution.
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6

Hochman, Adam. "IS “RACE” MODERN?" Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 16, no. 2 (2019): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x19000286.

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AbstractRace theorists have been unable to reach a consensus regarding the basic historical question, “is ‘race’ modern?” I argue that this is partly because the question itself is ambiguous. There is not really one question that race scholars are answering, but at least six. First, is the concept of race modern? Second, is there a modern concept of race that is distinct from earlier race concepts? Third, are “races” themselves modern? Fourth, are racialized groups modern? Fifth, are the means and methods associated with racialization modern? And sixth, are the meanings attached to racialized traits modern? Because these questions have different answers, the debate about the historical origins of “race” cannot be resolved unless they are distinguished. I will explain the ways in which “race” is and is not modern by answering these questions, thereby offering a resolution to a seemingly intractable problem.
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Crépon, Marc. "L’histoire et la géographie des corps. Nietzsche et la question des races." Revue germanique internationale, no. 10 (July 15, 1998): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rgi.692.

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8

Gilgenkrantz, Simone. "L’humanité au pluriel la génétique et la question des races Bertrand Jordan." médecine/sciences 24, no. 3 (March 2008): 252–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2008243252.

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9

Boyle, Glenn. "Do Financial Incentives Affect The Quality Of Expert Performance? Evidence From The Racetrack." Journal of Gambling Business and Economics 2, no. 2 (January 2, 2013): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jgbe.v2i2.530.

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Does the quality of performance by experts respond to financial incentives? I provide some new evidence on this question by examining the propensity of racehorse trainers to undertake effort-diverting actions. In a sample of 30426 horse races, I find that lower race stakes are strongly associated with more unexpected outcomes, consistent with more trainers exerting less-than-full effort in such races. These results continue to hold when low-information races are excluded from the sample, thereby ruling out the possibility that stake is simply a proxy for the level of information that is available to bettors. Moreover, in a sub-sample of 4416 races for which final odds data are available, the dispersion in odds is positively related to race stake, consistent with rational bettors recognising the incentives faced by trainers and incorporating this insight in their investments. As a group, horse trainers apparently tailor the quality of their services to the potential size of their remuneration from clients.
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Wieviorka, Michel. "Racism, anti-Semitism and anti-racism in contemporary France." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 1 (March 2023): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2023-001002.

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Racism is a challenge to reason, especially scientific reason, since it is possible to demonstrate that human "races" do not exist for science, and that, for example, the genetic difference between two supposed "races" is no greater than that which can separate two individuals within the same "race". Racism is a denier of human rights. In short, whether it is a question of reason or of law, racism clashes head-on with universal values, and the anti-racist struggle should, in this perspective, only be backed by universalism.
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Fullmer, Elliott, and Rebecca Daniel. "Invisible Coattails: Presidential Approval and Gubernatorial Elections, 1994–2014." Forum 16, no. 2 (July 26, 2018): 269–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2018-0013.

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AbstractHoping to insulate their contests from national politics, thirty-six states hold their gubernatorial elections in national midterm election years. Many scholars have assessed whether presidential evaluations nevertheless have an effect on these races, though findings have varied. We offer a new approach to examining this question, relying on underutilized state-level presidential approval data preceding 143 gubernatorial races across six national midterm election cycles. Accounting for the effects of state ideology, gubernatorial approval, campaign spending, state economic performance, and incumbency, we report that presidential approval has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the presidential party in gubernatorial races. The substantive effects are modest, though still potentially meaningful. In the primary specification, an additional six points of presidential approval is associated with about one additional point of gubernatorial vote share.
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12

LAUVIE, A., and N. COUIX. "Diversité des formes de valorisation des populations animales locales et gestion des ressources génétiques animales." INRAE Productions Animales 25, no. 5 (December 10, 2012): 431–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2012.25.5.3230.

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Un certain nombre de ressources génétiques animales sont mobilisées dans des démarches de valorisation qui représentent un enjeu fort et ne sont pas sans conséquence sur la façon dont ces ressources sont gérées. Nous montrons, en mobilisant des exemples de valorisation de races locales, combien il est important d’étendre les recherches aux formes de valorisation autres que sous formes de Signes Officiels de Qualité (SOQ) territorialisés. Le cas de la Bretonne Pie Noir, par exemple, invite à considérer les produits valorisés en dehors des SOQ et celui de la brebis Solognote invite à considérer la mobilisation de ces races pour la gestion d’espaces spécifiques. D’une manière générale, les avancées dans les travaux de recherche sur les interactions entre races locales et produits sous AOP invitent à étendre le questionnement à d’autres formes de valorisation, qui posent différemment la question de l’interaction, et qui ne sont pas sans réinterroger la gestion génétique des races. Nous discutons les spécificités de démarche qu’implique pour la recherche le fait d’aborder l’ensemble de ces formes de valorisation.
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13

Annapoorna L.R. "“More than a sport”: A Critical Reading of Boat Races in Kerala as Popular Culture." Creative Launcher 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.2.11.

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This paper primarily questions the general perception of boat race, the magnificent cultural tradition of Kerala, as a symbol of solidarity and brotherhood. It addresses the question— what it is that makes boat race a popular cultural text? Accordingly, the paper reads the boat race in the light of Bourdieu’s class cultural framework. It examines this age old cultural tradition in two angles, as both a participatory and a spectator sport. The main aim of this study is to shatter the common tendency to perceive the boat race as both a cultural and regional identity. For this it will mainly look at the class composition of the oarsmen, followed by the mythical and literary affiliations of the boat race.
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14

Maxwell, Kenneth, Lilia Schwarcz, and Leland Guyer. "The Spectacle of Races: Scientists, Institutions, and the Race Question in Brazil, 1870-1930." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 3 (2000): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20049777.

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15

Khazan, S. Y. "Goenner. Das Verhältniss des Schädels der Mutter zu dem des Kindes und dessen geburtshilfliche Bedeutung mit gleichzeitiger Berichsichtigung des mutterlichen Beckens. (Zeitschrift f. Geb. und Gyn., XXVIII Bd., 2 Hft). The ratio of the mother's skull to the fetal skull and the obstetric value of this ratio in connection with the size of the maternal pelvis." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 8, no. 10 (September 22, 2020): 935–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd810935-936.

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The fact established by clinical observations that very often women with such sizes of the pelvis, which are considered to be pathological, childbirth proceed completely spontaneously, involuntarily raises the question of whether these persons belong to these other races and whether they give birth to children with a different head shape.
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16

Pleau, Jean-Christian. "Polémique sur un « mauvais livre » : L’appel de la race de Lionel Groulx*." Études 28, no. 2 (June 17, 2003): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006602ar.

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Résumé La publication de L’appel de la race par l’abbé Groulx en 1922 a déclenché une polémique violente dans les milieux intellectuels canadiens-français. Cependant, il est difficile aujourd’hui de comprendre les enjeux du débat. Ni la question des droits des minorités linguistiques, ni celle de la pertinence des idées de Groulx sur le mariage mixte ou les croisements de « races » ne sont ouvertement discutées. En revanche, une place considérable est accordée à des questions de théologie morale, et l’on tâche de présenter le roman de l’abbé comme « dangereux ». Derrière ces arguments, il est toutefois possible de distinguer un débat politique qui n’ose (ou ne sait) s’afficher comme tel.
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17

Gohar, Saddik. "Engaging the Question of Palestine in Philip Roth's The Counterlife." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.9.1.2.

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The paper argues that in Philip Roth’s novel, The Counterlife (1988), which engages the question of Palestine, the author’s attempt to introduce a balanced view of the Arab-Israeli conflict is undermined by a narrative strategy that favors the victor and deprives the victim from entering the text except as a non-person or a decadent oriental. An application of what Edward Said calls “contrapuntal reading” to Roth’s text reveals that the author’s tendency to offer a neutral presentation of the Middle East issue is thwarted by a hegemonic master narrative - originated in Orientalism and Western imperialism - that either removes the Palestinian subaltern out of the fictional text or conflates him with a status of cultural inferiority and barbarism by assigning him a role which conforms to his image in the colonial taxonomy of inferior races..
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18

Barrios, Luis. "“Santa María” as a Liberating Zone: A Community Church in Search of Restorative Justice." Humanity & Society 22, no. 1 (February 1998): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016059769802200105.

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How can we say to the poor, the exploited classes, to the marginated races, to the despised, to all the minorities, to the “nonpersons”—how can we say that God is love and say all of us are, and ought to be in history, sisters and brothers? How can we say this? This is our great question.
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19

Glick, Thomas F., Lilia Moritz Schwarcz, and Leland Guyer. "The Spectacle of the Races: Scientists, Institutions and the Race Question in Brazil, 1870-1930." American Historical Review 106, no. 5 (December 2001): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692852.

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20

Fu, Danling, Linda Leonard Lamme, and Zhihui Fang. "Reading Corner for Educators: Addressing Social Inequalities through Literacy Education." Language Arts 83, no. 2 (November 1, 2005): 158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20054454.

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Perceptions of race, class, and gender are culturally and socially shaped and form the roots for inequities in our society and our classrooms. In this column we review three books that question institutionalized perceptions of race and class. The authors examine the history of schooling that contributes to great divides among human races and ranks individuals based on race, speech, and class. These books posit that to question and examine our perception of race, class, and gender is the key to providing justice and equal education to ALL children, especially those who come from family backgrounds that are historically and socially marginalized.
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21

Goodyear, James. "The Spectacle of the Races: Scientists, Institutions, and the Race Question in Brazil, 1870-1930 (review)." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 75, no. 1 (2001): 152–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2001.0014.

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22

Peart, Sandra J., and David M. Levy. "Denying Human Homogeneity: Eugenics & The Making of Post-Classical Economics." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 25, no. 3 (September 2003): 261–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1042771032000114728.

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The question we propose to address is how did economics move from the classical period characterized by the hardest possible doctrine of initial human homogeneityall the observed differences among people arise from incentives, luck, and historyto become comfortable with accounts of human behavior which alleged foundational differences among and within races of people? (Darity 1995) In this paper, we shall argue that early British eugenics thinkers racialized economics in the post-classical period.
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23

Katznelson, Ira. "Du Bois’s Century." Social Science History 23, no. 4 (1999): 459–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200021817.

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In March 1900, William Edward Burghart Du Bois addressed the third annual meeting of the American Negro Academy on “the present outlook for the dark races of mankind.” He cautioned, though It is natural for us to consider that our race question is a purely national and local affair, confined to nine million Americans and settled when their rights and opportunities are assured. … a glance over the world at the dawn of a new century will convince us that this is but the be-ginning of the problem—that the color line belts the world and that the social problem of the twentieth century is to be the relation of the civilized world to the dark races of mankind. If we start eastward tonight and land on the continent of Africa we land in the center of the greater Negro problem—of the world problem of the black man. (1996 [1900]: 47–48)
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24

von Saldern, Adelheid. "Cultural Conflicts, Popular Mass Culture, and the Question of Nazi Success: The Eilenriede Motorcycle Races, 1924-39." German Studies Review 15, no. 2 (May 1992): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431169.

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25

Aucouturier, Étienne. "Bertrand Jordan , L’Humanité au pluriel , La génétique et la question des races . Seuil, 2008, 226 pages, 19 €." Études Tome 409, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): XV. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.093.0263o.

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26

Xiang, Longbao, and Jianan Zhao. "Research on Optimal Riding Strategy Based on Improved Rider Power Position Analysis Model." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 41 (March 30, 2023): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v41i.6852.

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How to achieve good results in bicycle road races is a question worth pondering on. we developed a rider power-position analysis model that can be applied to any type of rider to determine the relationship between that rider's position and power on the track. This paper considered extending the model to team time trials. The team maintains a stable pace, maintains different power in different positions, the entire team maintains a distance of 30cm, and the strong and weak are arranged alternately.
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Wang, Kevin Y., Hyung Min Lee, David Atkin, and Cheonsoo Kim. "Mapping Web Interactivity." International Journal of E-Politics 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijep.2013100104.

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This paper explores the use of interactive communication and dialogic relationship building strategies on political campaign Web sites. In contrast to presidential races that often feature substantially more sophisticated campaign Web sites, congressional candidates’ ability and willingness to use the Web as an electioneering tool has varied greatly. The present research sought to address two broad research questions: 1) how candidates from the same electoral districts used their Web sites during the 2006 and 2010 congressional elections; and 2) to what extent could several candidate and district level variables explain the differences in Web utilization. A typology was proposed to examine the first question, while content analysis was performed to collect empirical data that addressed the second question. Results indicate that while the use of interactive Web strategies may be concentrated among candidates with certain characteristics in 2006, the adoption of social media in political campaigns has trickled down from the presidential level, and that interactive tools have become a norm in the 2010 congressional election, with virtually no observable differences emerging among candidates. Theoretical and practical implication for online political public relations is discussed.
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28

König, Malte. "Racism Within the Axis: Sexual Intercourse and Marriage Plans Between Italians and Germans, 1940–3." Journal of Contemporary History 54, no. 3 (July 6, 2018): 508–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009418768852.

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In an investigation of the internal functioning of the German-Italian coalition, an important question is to what degree the Axis Powers were divided by race ideology when it was directed not at a third party, but at the Italians and Germans themselves: How did the Germans communicate to their coalition partner that a ‘mixing of the races’ was not acceptable to them? How did the Italians react? What diplomatic complications arose and how were they resolved? These questions remained hypothetical until 1941, since women and men from the two regimes had little opportunity to meet. The question, however, gains relevance after the Economic Agreement of 26 February 1941 was signed. The agreement stipulated that in exchange for the delivery of raw materials, the Italians would provide 204,000 workers to be deployed in the German armaments industry. The Italian workforce in the German Reich grew rapidly within just a few months, turning what had been a mere hypothetical concern into a real issue: What role did the National Socialist race ideology play when Germans and Italians met and took a liking to one another?
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29

Robinson, James N., Mark Alan Fontana, Jordan D. Metzl, Sameer Dixit, Stephanie A. Kliethermes, Brianna Quijano, and Brett Toresdahl. "Running races during the COVID-19 pandemic: a 2020 survey of the running community." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 7, no. 4 (November 2021): e001192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001192.

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ObjectivesTo survey runners and triathletes about their willingness to resume in-person racing during the COVID-19 pandemic, health concerns related to mass races and changes in running patterns since the start of the pandemic.DesignAn electronic survey was distributed from 15 July to 1 September 2020 to runners and triathletes by New York Road Runners, ASICS North America, and race medical directors, and through social media.ParticipantsRunners and triathletes 18 years of age or older who participated in at least one race in 2019.ResultsA total of 2278 surveys were received. Not all participants answered every question; the denominator represents the number of responses to each question. Most participants were from the USA (1620/1940, 83.5%), of which over half were from New York (812/1475, 55.1%). Regarding when respondents would feel comfortable returning to in-person racing, the most frequent response was ‘Whenever local laws allow, but only if there are sufficient precautions’ (954/2173, 43.9%), followed by ‘Not until there is a vaccine’ (540/2173, 24.9%). The most common concerns about in-person races were crowded starting corrals (1802/2084, 86.5%), the number of COVID-19 cases in the race location (1585/2084, 76.1%) and the number of participants (1517/2084, 72.8%). Comparing running patterns before the pandemic to Summer 2020, the mean weekly mileage decreased from 25.5 (SD 15.4) miles to 22.7 (16.2) miles (p<0.001).ConclusionMost runners are willing to return to racing when local laws allow, though as of Summer 2020, many desired certain precautions to feel comfortable.
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Neupane, Dipesh. "Social Harmony and Integrity: An Advocacy of Universal Humanism in Rabindranath Tagore’s “Chandalika”." Cognition 3, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v3i1.55633.

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The world is replete with racial, regional, lingual, religious and cultural diversities. The terms racism, religiosity, caste divisions etc. are the social constructs rather than natural, by birth phenomena. This study examines Rabindranath Tagore’s Two act play – “Chandalika” focusing social harmony and solidarity as an integral aspect of universal humanism. Conceptualizing the theoretical frameworks of humanism that elevates human dignity and fraternity, this research attempts to display how the writer advocates the universal humanism through the social harmony and integrity in the play. Caste discrimination is still prevalent in Hindu culture, and racial, cultural and regional prejudices have had a long history in different the parts of the world. The conflict amid different castes, religions, regions and races has soared up in some parts of the world dismantling social harmony. When a human being regards and respects another human being regardless of diverse castes, races, religions, and cultural and regional disparities, it echoes the sense of universal humanism. This research explores Tagore’s ideals of social, religious and racial harmony as a part of universal humanism enshrined in the Text. It answers the question: how does the play Chadalika advocate the aesthetics of social harmony as a part of universal humanism? The prejudices and discriminations in the name of caste, races, regions and religions have wrought the world since long. Tagore appeals for the end of such prejudices through his play, thereby cherishing and nourishing universal humanism.
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31

Brodber, Erna May. "The pathless harbourless spade." Sociological Review 68, no. 3 (February 26, 2020): 461–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038026119870106.

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Migration studies have generally painted the African Jamaican as the group that migrates, this being supposedly a post-emancipation act undertaken to better one’s self economically. This article maintains that Jamaicans of all ethnicities and races have been involved in migration: it is a part of the culture and from the earliest post Columbian times. The article posits that the true distinction in migration between races and ethnicities inheres in the geographic end product of migration: others travel to reconnect with ancestral lands but the African Jamaican has no such options as yet and travels to spaces perceived as the ancestral preserves of their former enslavers. In their travels they meet other Africans of the diaspora, like them raised on the margins of the society as has been the nature of enslavement in the New World. The article asks the question: what is the outcome of such meetings carrying as they all do the historical experience of marginality in the societies in which they have been enslaved? The article offers no answer but shares the journey to arriving at one.
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Cavanagh, Connor J. "Anthropos into humanitas: Civilizing violence, scientific forestry, and the ‘Dorobo question’ in eastern Africa." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 35, no. 4 (November 17, 2016): 694–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775816678620.

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Early interactions between state administrators and forest-dwelling communities in eastern Africa yield significant insight into colonial attempts to grapple with difference across hierarchically conceptualized ‘races’, classes, tribes, and radically alternative livelihoods. In particular, uncertainties related to the governance of forest-dwellers resulted in a problematic known as the ‘Dorobo question’ in Kenya Colony, the former word being a corruption of the Maasai term for the poor, the sinful – and hence – the cattle-less. Drawing upon archival research in Kenya and the United Kingdom, I argue that halting attempts to govern such communities illuminate an historically and geographically specific dimension of late imperial Britain’s apparently ‘liberal’ biopolitics, which entailed not the ‘abandonment’ of populations, per se, but rather the elimination and subsequent transformation of livelihoods, ontologies, and sustainablities perceived as fiscally barren or otherwise of little use to the colonial state. Far from being resolved, however, the afterlives of these logics of elimination highlight the stakes of contemporary struggles over eastern African forests, and particularly so in the context of an emergent transition to ostensibly ‘green’ forms of capitalism in the region.
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33

Espaliú Berdud, Carlos. "European identity: roots and scope." Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto, no. 02 (February 27, 2019): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ced-02-2019pp27-34.

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The current landscape of Europe requires an urgent reflection on whether a European identity exists or not, and on the consequences the answers to this question may hold. For two years, we members of the Research Group on critical issues of contemporary international society of the Faculty of Law of the International University of Catalonia, together with a number of professors from other Spanish and international universities, have attempted to provide answers to these questions. This special issue of Cuadernos Europeos de Deusto is the result of this research project. We have approached the topic from a multidisciplinary perspective, and more specifically Philosophy, History and Law. In particular, we have focused on the roots and scope of the European identity, which, once determined, can shed light on the relations between people and groups of different races, religions, cultures, etc. in Europe. Several of the authors have addressed the issue of human rights, a key element of that European identity.Published online: 27 February 2019
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Dormeier Freire, Alexandre. "Motorbikes against Ho Chi Minh? Or the icons of a social transformation in Vietnam." Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 27, no. 1 (May 14, 2009): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v27i1.1693.

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The motorcycle is an unavoidable item in contemporary Vietnam. Since the renovation policy (Doi Moi) in 1986, it became the most visible good of consumption. This article questions the utilitarian and symbolic use that is made by the urban populations of two major cities of the country: Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. This article addresses the question of the new values and social transformation within the post-socialist society in Vietnam, as seem to symbolize the social behaviours related to the use of motorbikes. Amongst others, it analyses the use of the motorcycle as a place of intimacy in a society where the State still widely shapes the private and public spaces. Actually, the motorcycle establishes a sphere of intimacy in the way people have appropriated the object in their social practice. The author also describes certain ritual phenomena associated to the use of motorcycles, such as the illegal races, which contribute to the construction of the masculine identity.
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HAUSBERGER, M., and A. RICARD. "Génétique et comportement chez le cheval." INRAE Productions Animales 15, no. 5 (December 17, 2002): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2002.15.5.3718.

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La génétique du comportement chez le cheval en est à ses prémices. Un intérêt pour la prise en compte du comportement dans la sélection n’est apparu que récemment. De surcroît, il s’agit d’une question difficile à aborder chez cette espèce pour laquelle les animaux sont dispersés dans des conditions de vie extrêmement variées. Nous ne disposons pas de données sur le déterminisme génétique mais seulement d’indications indirectes basées sur des comparaisons de races ou de lignées. De plus grandes similarités comportementales entre animaux de même père et / ou de même race sont observées chez des poulains comme chez des adultes dans des comportements librement exprimés (jeu, distance de la mère) comme dans les réactions à des situations expérimentales. Les comportements stéréotypiques semblent liés, outre aux conditions environnementales, à la famille et à la race. Le poids relatif des facteurs environnementaux et génétiques sur le déterminisme des caractéristiques comportementales semble différer selon la caractéristique considérée. Les différences observées entre familles ou races peuvent aussi être liées à des facteurs épigénétiques (effet maternel par exemple). Une prise en compte du comportement dans la sélection des chevaux paraît souhaitable et possible, à condition de bien cerner le caractère concerné, comment le mesurer, et d’évaluer l’impact des facteurs épigénétiques.
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Sanders, A. J. G. M. "The Freedom Charter and Ethnicity— towards a Communitarian South African Society." Journal of African Law 33, no. 1 (1989): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300008020.

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At national as well as international level the South African Freedom Charter has become a symbol of the long-standing struggle against apartheid. In this essay the emphasis will be on the charter's provisions relating to ethnicity. The question of ethnicity is a crucial one, for on its solution depends the outcome of the economic and other social problems which trouble South African society.The 1955 Freedom Charter, which was the outcome of a joint venture of the African National Congress (A.N.C.), the South African Indian Congress, the South African Coloured People's Organisation and the predominantly European South African Congress of Democrats, suggests a unitary, participatory welfare state, which will acccord equal rights to all “national groups and races”.For the A.N.C., the senior partner in the “Congress Alliance”, the reference in the charter to “national groups and races” soon became a major headache. Could it be said that the charter lent support to the creation of “four nations”? A number of people within the A.N.C. feared that much. Prominent among them were the “Africanists” who in April 1959 broke away from the A.N.C, and formed the Pan-Africanist Congress (P.A.C.) “Charterists” and “Africanists” are still at loggerheads, but the A.N.C.'s “Revolutionary Programme” of 1969 and its “Constitutional Guidelines for a Democratic
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Wong, Edlie. "An Unexpected Direction: Pauline Hopkins, S. E. F. C. C. Hamedoe, and “The Dark Races of the Twentieth Century”." American Literary History 32, no. 4 (2020): 723–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajaa024.

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Abstract This essay mines the earliest and most influential of African American literary magazines, the Boston-based Colored American Magazine (CAM) (1900–09), and its southern rival, the Atlanta-based Voice of the Negro (1904–07), to investigate how black writers and activists addressed the links between US race relations, settler colonialism, and empire in the Pacific. Spanning these two periodicals, Pauline Hopkins’s work as an editor and contributor grappled with the question of how to represent, engage, and position Black Americans in a globalizing world that was at once becoming more vast, heterogeneous, and integrated. Race remained a powerful structuring principle, yet it accrued dynamic new meanings in the era of new imperialism. Along the way, the essay investigates an unexplored facet of Hopkins’s authorship and compositional style. It speculates that Hopkins may have published under another as yet unattributed pen name. The enigmatic S. E. F. C. C. Hamedoe was one of the most significant of regular CAM contributors. Before disappearing from print history, Hamedoe published a four-year-long series that mapped the political contours of the emerging Global South, crisscrossing continents and oceans. The extensive connections between Hamedoe’s writings and Hopkins’s final known completed series beg the question of whether they were one and the same. The series allowed Hopkins to experiment with various epistemologies of racial and historical knowledge in her efforts to formulate an understanding of Blackness that, like the episodic serial form, was open-ended, accretive, and noncohesive.
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Škorić, Dragan, Maria Joiţa-Păcureanu, Fyodor Gorbachenko, Oleg Gorbachenko, and Stevan Maširević. "Dynamics of change in broomrape populations (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Romania and Russia (Black Sea area)." Helia 44, no. 74 (December 29, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helia-2020-0025.

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Abstract The emergence of new broomrape populations (races) has been observed in the past 20 years in several countries (Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Spain, Serbia, and China) where sunflower is frequently grown in the same sites without applying traditional crop rotations. Differential lines for sunflower broomrape races A to F have been secured. The new broomrape races have been identified by researchers as races G and H. The question of whether the same broomrape mutations can occur in one year and affect the same countries remains unsolved. Several results of new broоmrape population emergences in some of the affected will be presented in the paper. A total of 390 genotypes were studied at four Romanian localities (Cuza Voda, Crucea-Stupina, Braila-Valea Canepii, and Tulcea-Agighiol) in 2014. At all four localities, a certain degree of sunflower broomrape infestation was observed in control hybrids and lines (Performer, LC-1093, LG-5661, and PR64LE20), which indicated the emergence of new populations higher than race H. The 390 studied genotypes had different reactions in all four localities. In 2015, 10 hybrids and controls were studied at five Romanian localities (Ciresu-Braila, Iazu-Ialomita, Stupina-Constanta, Topolog-Tulcea, and Viziru-Braila) and, according to the results, only hybrid Hy-7 was resistant in all localities. The results obtained from the three studied localities showed the emergence of new sunflower broomrape populations not controlled by gene for race H. Self-fertilization of hybrid Hy-7 produced the F2 generation in 2016. In 2017, broomrape resistance was studied at the infested (contaminated) plot at the All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S. – VNIIMK in Rostov on Don. The plot was found to be infested by new broomrape populations originating from Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Turkey, and Spain. The obtained results showed an infestation degree in 17.1% plants of hybrid Hy-7, 35% in the F2 generation of Hy-7, control hybrids PR64LE25, LG-5580 and Donskoy-22 showed 19.4, 23, and 100% broomrape infestation, respectively. In conclusion, the plot contained broomrape populations which cannot be controlled by race H gene. According to the obtained results, a permanent change in variability of broomrape populations can be confirmed practically year after year. At present, new broomrape populations found at several localities are locally dispersed. Geneticists and breeders have to make joint efforts in further detailed studies of broomrape variability.
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Keyhani, Narguesse. "La « question des races » dans un cadre administratif républicain : la création de la Commission nationale pour les études des relations interethniques." Cultures & conflits, no. 107 (October 30, 2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/conflits.19544.

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Davaanyam, Khulan, Franziska Wolff, and Ranya Khalaf. "Developments in German Criminal Law: Speed Merchant or Murderer? The Ku’Damm Road Race Case and the New Criminal Legislation Regulating Illegal Motor Racing." German Law Journal 22, no. 2 (March 2021): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/glj.2021.9.

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AbstractThe Regional Court of Berlin (Landgericht (LG) Berlin) was the first court in Germany to mete out a life sentence for murder—pursuant to § 211 German Criminal Code (StGB)—to two men convicted of killing an uninvolved driver whose car they hit while they were participating in an illegal car race on a public highway. Upon their convictions, the defendants appealed to the German Federal Court of Justice (Bundesgerichtshof; BGH) claiming that they did not intend to kill the person and were thus acting without the necessary mens rea for murder. The question whether or not the case could be qualified as murder, and thus whether or not the existence of a killing with intent had been sufficiently proven by the LG Berlin, was the subject of several appeals and retrials. In its latest decision, the BGH confirmed the murder conviction of one of the defendants, while quashing the other defendant’s conviction and issuing a retrial. This case caused ripples amongst legal scholars as it called for the toughest possible sanctions to be imposed. However, whether the conduct qualifies as murder remains questionable. As a reaction to several similar cases of illegal car races in recent years, the German parliament subsequently passed a new law—§ 315d StGB—proscribing illegal vehicle races, thereby penalizing the participation, organization, or carrying out of an illegal vehicle race. Until that point there had been no provision criminalizing illegal racing.
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Kazem, Diaa, and Hassan Issa. "The role of tourism Colleges and Institutes in Consolidating a Culture of peaceful coexistence (an applied study in the College of Tourism Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University)." Islamic Sciences Journal 13, no. 4 (March 17, 2023): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jis.22.13.4.3.3.

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The role of tourism colleges and institutes in joining a culture of peaceful coexistence (Applied study at the College of Tourism Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University) The difference between human beings is of interstellar and social norm, which cannot be denied or overlooked. Therefore, Iraqi tourism colleges and institutes embrace a mixture of the Iraqi population belonging to different races, nationalities and religions. The desire to impose a certain religious belief and a certain national hegemony over the other is always understood as a form of racial discrimination and a major threat to social tolerance among the different ethnic components. Hence the main question arose (What is the role of tourism colleges and institutes in consolidating a culture of peaceful coexistence?) The study showed important conclusions, most notably that the staff and teachers of the College of Tourism Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University of different races and religions are still certain that they can remain coexisting together and provide their services to students in the best way, and establish a culture of peaceful coexistence within them. This research also recommends developing and proposing a comprehensive plan of action that covers psychological aspects and social activities that enhance the role of universities in strengthening social bonds and peaceful coexistence. That can be accomplished in addition to an abstract and neutral scientific focus in order to remove the effects of previous periods of conflict.
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Dewi, Ratna Ayu Pawestri Kusuma. "Implementing Teacher Races Game (TRG) to Improve Students' Grammar Skill Simple Past Tense." EDUTEC : Journal of Education And Technology 4, no. 2 (December 21, 2020): 187–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.29062/edu.v4i2.104.

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Vocabulary and grammar are the most essential components of all use of language as they have to be taught to the language learner to support to the development of the four skills, especially for writing skills Richard (1987:45). Unfortunately, Grammar has been believed as the most terrific problem for most of adolescence learners. They were terrific to construct wrong order of sentence (grammar) and this problem will effect on creating ideas in writing. This case indicates that grammar should be mastered by English learners especially students who want to create ideas in writing. Teacher races game provides a series of fun activity, and gives all the members’ opportunity to work cooperatively (Smith, 2008). This game can fulfill teacher’s need that is link and integrate four basics English language skills—listening, speaking, reading and writing skills into learning and teaching activity. This study was an experimental quantitative study which needs two subject groups – experimental and control group. The population chosen is one state junior high school in Surabaya. The simple random samples used; and VIII C as an experimental class and VIII A as a control class. The pre-test and post-test were given to both of the groups. Tests consist of tryout, pre-test and post-test that were used to collect the data. According to the collected data, the researcher made statistical calculation by using t-test and analysis to answer the research question. Ttest results were examined to know the comparison of experimental and control groups’ mean. The ttest of pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental and control group presented tvalue10.93. Meanwhile, the tvalue for rejecting the null hypothesis with df 50 at t.05 was 2.009. It indicated that tvalue > than tvalue (10.93>2.009) so that it can be concluded that null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted.
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Dunford, Michael R. "Indigeneity, ethnopolitics, andtaingyinthar: Myanmar and the global Indigenous Peoples’ movement." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (February 2019): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000043.

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In Myanmar, the idea of ‘indigeneity’ has been mobilised in two radically different ways. Ethnonationalist groups such as the Chin National Front and the Karen National Union have utilised the concept to lobby for increased autonomy in international forums such as the United Nations, while the Burmese state has used the idea of indigeneity (or native-ness, typically translated astaingyintharin Burmese) to exclude certain minorities — most prominently the Rohingya — by explicitly striking them from the official list of Myanmar's ‘national races’. To clarify how this definitional tension has developed, this article will situate the competing Burmese appeals to indigeneity within the history of international indigeneity politics, and compare the Burmese ‘Indigenous situation’ to other Asian countries that have addressed the question of who counts and does not count as Indigenous.
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Lulle, Aija, and Elza Ungure. "Asylum Seekers Crisis in Europe 2015: Debating Spaces of Fear and Security in Latvia." Journal on Baltic Security 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 62–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jobs-2016-0021.

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Abstract In this paper we analyse emerging discourses of fear on the one hand and safety and security on the other. In the context of rupture - sudden, unprecedented asylum flows as well as the historical context of the fear and experience of losing the state’s freedom, we pose the following research question: Where do insecurities and fear come from and how are spaces of security and safety carved out through public discourses? We argue that, instead of singling out political discourses in Eastern European as filled with hatred towards other ethnicities and races or an inability to show solidarity with human suffering, we have to open up a far more deep reaching debate on the interplay of fear and the willingness to create safer, more secure futures. We illustrate this with examples from media debates in Latvia, in late 2015.
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Sattar, Abdullah. "Filsafat Islam: Antara Duplikasi dan Kreasi." Ulumuna 14, no. 1 (June 30, 2010): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v14i1.225.

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Many muslim leaders deal with philosophy, and became a philosopher. Unfortunately, many Orientalists deny their ability to philosophize. Tenneman and Renan is of the orientalists who deny, at least question, the ability of muslim philosophical thinker. There are three reasons they stretcher; first, the Qur'an negates the freedom of thought, secondly, the character of Arabs who can not philosophize; and third, the Arabs are a Semitic which belong to races that have low reasoning power. Meanwhile, another orientalist believes that Islamic philosophy is Islamicised Greek philosophy. This paper tries to elaborate muslim thinkers to address concerns with an intense orientalists on the ability and independence of muslim thinkers in the philosophical. They show that the muslim philosopher is not merely duplicate the philosophy that has been established previously, but its main source of creativity itself through the Qur'an.
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Erikson, Robert S., and Kelly Rader. "Much Ado About Nothing: RDD and the Incumbency Advantage." Political Analysis 25, no. 2 (April 2017): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2017.1.

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An influential paper by Caughey and Sekhon (2011a) suggests that the outcomes of very close US House elections in the postwar era may not be as-if random, thus calling into question this application of regression discontinuity for causal inference. We show that while incumbent party candidates are more likely to win close House elections, those who win are no different on observable characteristics from those who lose. Further, all differences in observable characteristics between barely winning Democrats and barely winning Republicans vanish conditional on which party is the incumbent. Any source of a special incumbent party advantage in close elections must be due to variables that cannot be observed. This finding supports the conclusion of Eggers et al. (2015) that Caughey and Sekhon’s discovery of lopsided wins by incumbents in close races is a mere statistical fluke.
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Dora, Mohd Taib. "Social Development Diversity: A Case Study of Rukun Tetangga In Malaysia." International Journal of Learning and Development 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2011): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v1i2.1193.

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The purpose of this research is to examine the level of knowledge, perception and acceptance among the public towards programs organized by Rukun Tetangga (RT). The programs organized include social, educational as well as sports and recreational activities. Activities related to health and environment, welfare, art and culture, economy and public safety are also carried out. This research looks at the correlation analysis between demographic variables of the respondent with the level of knowledge, perception and public acceptance towards the program organized. In brief, this research tries to answer the question of how far is the effectiveness of RT in organizing activities to promote unity among our community. This is considered as beneficial development in order to identify the RT’s direction in the future. The research is done in a few districts in Selangor and Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. The selected areas are chosen due to the existence of diversified characteristics of the community that is relevant to the research needs. The characteristics include the aspect of different races and the distribution of location as they are thought to be the threat towards the solidarity among the main races. Moreover, the location is identified as to be the highest in population in the country. The research shows that the knowledge level, perception and public acceptance toward the programs organized by RT are generally high. This result can be used as an indicator that RT is a success entity in all situations. It has also increased harmony and contributed to national integration among Malaysians.
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DASGUPTA, SANGEETA. "‘Heathen aboriginals’, ‘Christian tribes’, and ‘animistic races’: Missionary narratives on the Oraons of Chhotanagpur in colonial India." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 2 (July 24, 2015): 437–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000025.

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AbstractThrough a description of the interactions of Christian missionaries in Chhotanagpur with the Oraons, this article illustrates the different ways in which the missionaries grappled with and restructured their notions of the ‘tribe’ and the ‘Oraon’ across the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The Oraon, I argue, was initially recognized in terms of his heathen practices, his so-called compact with the Devil, and his world of idolatry and demonology. But, by the end of the nineteenth century, he increasingly became, in missionary language, an animistic aboriginal tribe, a ‘primitive’ within an evolutionary schema. As the missionaries searched for an authentic Oraon language, for myths, traditions and histories, an array of categories—heathen, savage, race, tribe, and aboriginal—seemingly jostled with one another in their narratives. Indeed, the tension between religion and race could never be resolved in missionary narratives; this was reflected in colonial ethnographic literature that drew upon and yet eventually marginalized missionary representations. I conclude by referring to a case in the 1960s filed by Kartik Oraon against the Protestant convert David Munzni before the Election Tribunal at Ranchi, which was ultimately resolved in the Supreme Court, that raised the question whether religion or race determined tribal identity.
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Pearson, Melba V. "Seeking Racial Justice Through Data in 2021 and Beyond." Federal Sentencing Reporter 33, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2021.33.4.269.

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In the wake of the verdict in the Derek Chauvin trial, many people are posing the question as to what is next for racial and social justice. As the power of the prosecutor has been on display in recent months, what can be done to make sure that accountability is spread evenly among all races in the criminal justice system? For decades, the metric of a prosecutor’s success revolved around conviction rates. As thinking has evolved around the country, success now includes areas such as community safety, health, and wellness – which requires a new way to measure the work being done. Data provides this information. Data will play a critical role in ensuring transparency, changing policy, and making sure that justice is dispensed equally. Data creates a common language, as well as evidence regarding what is working effectively, and what is not. We cannot fix what we do not measure.
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Herouach, Sofian. "Moroccan Berber Patrimony: An Aptitude for Transnationalism and Universal Coexistence." Arab World English Journal For Translation and Literary Studies 5, no. 3 (August 15, 2021): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awejtls/vol5no3.13.

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Moroccan Berbers/Imazighen have undergone centuries of cultural and economic exchange with different foreign powers that crossed to the Maghreb throughout history. Following a significant process of interaction and interchange, the mode of life of the indigenous people has been significantly shaped. This might explain a great deal of present-day socio-cultural diversity enjoyed and exercised in Morocco. The present study aims at investigating aspects of Berber’s interaction with the various populations that landed on North Africa throughout history. The research study builds on the following question: How does the Berber heritage enhance an outlook of transnational exchange and cooperation? The study reaches out the conclusion that Moroccan Imazighen had cohabited and coexisted with different races since immemorial times. Moreover, the study infers that such a longstanding tradition of borderless socio-cultural and economic exchange may serve as a background legacy for present-day Moroccan transnationalism and universal coexistence.
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