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Journal articles on the topic 'Racial profiling in law enforcement Discrimination in law enforcement Police'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Lum, Grande. "The Community Relations Service's Work in Preventing and Responding to Unfounded Racially and Religiously Motivated Violence after 9/11." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 5, no. 2 (2018): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v5.i2.2.

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On the morning of September 11, 2001, New York City-based Community Relations Service (“CRS”) Regional Director Reinaldo Rivera was at a New Jersey summit on racial profiling. At 8:46 a.m., an American Airlines 767 crashed into the North Tower of New York City’s World Trade Center. Because Rivera was with the New Jersey state attorney general, he quickly learned of the attack. Rivera immediately called his staff members, who at that moment were traveling to Long Island, New York, for an unrelated case. Getting into Manhattan had already become difficult, so Rivera instructed his conciliators t

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2

Rinkoff, Paul. "Leadership approaches in law enforcement: A sergeant’s methods of achieving compliance with racial profiling policy from the front line." Journal of Community Safety and Well-Being 6, no. 1 (2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.35502/jcswb.177.

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This research aims to fill a void in the extant policy implementation literature that has overlooked the leadership contribution of sergeants to the successful adoption of policy decisions by front-line police officers. Using a qualitative approach and a sociological institutionalism perspective, and focusing on the racial profiling policy of a large North American municipal police organization, 17 sergeants representing 17 divisions (precincts) were interviewed. This research does not aim to assess the efficacy of the selected policy but, rather, examines leadership and supervisory perspectiv

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3

Coleman, Mat, and Austin Kocher. "Rethinking the “Gold Standard” of Racial Profiling: §287(g), Secure Communities and Racially Discrepant Police Power." American Behavioral Scientist 63, no. 9 (2019): 1185–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219835275.

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In this article, we explore methodological difficulties related to proving racial profiling, specifically in the context of §287(g) and Secure Communities enforcement. How it is that critical immigration researchers understand racial profiling as the object of their research, and how might they go about substantiating racial profiling in the field? Can racial profiling be made a straightforward object of problematization and, if not, why? We are particularly interested in how racial profiling can be so self-evidently at the core of programs like §287(g) and Secure Communities and yet how racia

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4

Gaston, Shytierra. "Enforcing Race: A Neighborhood-Level Explanation of Black–White Differences in Drug Arrests." Crime & Delinquency 65, no. 4 (2018): 499–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128718798566.

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This research investigates the source of Black–White differences in drug arrests by conducting a neighborhood-level test of the differential police scrutiny and racially discriminatory policing hypotheses. The study examines drug arrests made across 78 neighborhoods in St. Louis between 2009 and 2013. Results from the negative binomial regression analyses lend the greatest support to the racially discriminatory policing perspective. Neighborhood racial composition significantly shapes drug law enforcement practices, net of neighborhood-level violent and property crime rates, drug-related calls

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Khalioullina, Leisan. "Ethnic profiling as negotiating: Traffic law enforcement in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia)." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 1 (2016): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1063593.

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Complex and ambiguous relations between state officials and civilians in Russia in general, and in Tatarstan in particular, are best reflected by daily communications between traffic police officers and motorists and pedestrians. These short interactions bring up issues of violence and minority discrimination, bribing, and dominant political values. In this paper based on my field research, I explore the practice of ethnic profiling employed by police officers and analyze its effects. I focus on identity construction and its “quality measurement.” Unlike a standardized system of weights or “br

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Bacchini, Fabio, and Ludovica Lorusso. "Race, again: how face recognition technology reinforces racial discrimination." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, no. 3 (2019): 321–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-05-2018-0050.

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Purpose This study aims to explore whether face recognition technology – as it is intensely used by state and local police departments and law enforcement agencies – is racism free or, on the contrary, is affected by racial biases and/or racist prejudices, thus reinforcing overall racial discrimination. Design/methodology/approach The study investigates the causal pathways through which face recognition technology may reinforce the racial disproportion in enforcement; it also inquires whether it further discriminates black people by making them experience more racial discrimination and self-id

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7

Eijkman, Quirine. "Has the Genie Been Let out of the Bottle? Ethnic Profiling in the Netherlands." Public Space: The Journal of Law and Social Justice 5 (December 22, 2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/psjlsj.v5i0.1876.

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A range of political and social developments in the Netherlands suggest that ethnic profiling in political and social discourse is no longer seen as a taboo. Increasingly ethnic profiling is perceived as part of the solution to ‘the problem’ of terrorism, radicalisation, integration, violent crime, serious public nuisance or public safety. Although Dutch legislation and regulations do not explicitly prohibit ethnic or racial profiling, for law enforcement officials to use generalisations based on ethnicity, race, national origin or religion is at odds with national and international law. Nonet

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8

Stinson, Philip Matthew, Chloe Ann Wentzlof, John Liederbach, and Steven L. Brewer. "Racial Disparities in Police Crime Victimization." Social Sciences 10, no. 8 (2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10080287.

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Policing has become a topic of intense public scrutiny and protest in the aftermath of several recent highly questionable and violent police–citizen encounters including the acts of police violence against George Floyd in Minneapolis (MN), Breonna Taylor in Louisville (KY), and Jacob Blake in Kenosha (WI). These encounters have led to large-scale street protests, the legitimization of the Black Lives Matter movement, and what many commentators perceive as a “national reckoning” on the issue of racial justice. The focus of our research is on police crime—a particular form of police misconduct t

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9

Prosise, Theodore O., and Ann Johnson. "Law enforcement and crime on cops and world's wildest police videos: Anecdotal form and the justification of racial profiling." Western Journal of Communication 68, no. 1 (2004): 72–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10570310409374789.

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10

Lipscomb, Allen. "You Have the Right to Exclaim Your Pain: Honoring Black Familial Voices Impacted by Police Induced Trauma in the United States." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 7, no. 1 (2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/296.

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The impetus of this Black Action Research was to explore the lived experiences of Black families exposed to physical assault, emotional abuse, murder, and racial profiling by law enforcement (i.e. police induced trauma). Narrative qualitative methods were selected to conduct this body of research. The study utilized a Critical Race Theoretical orientation as a framework to honor counter-storytelling in understanding these experiences that often go untold, unheard and unnoticed. A total of 10 narratives were shared of which all resided in Los Angeles County and identified as Black/African Ameri

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11

Mytrunec, Michael. "Canadian Narcotics Policy: A Relic of Settler Colonialism." Political Science Undergraduate Review 4, no. 1 (2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/psur108.

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In this paper, I examine the formation and enforcement of Canadian narcotics policy through the lens of settler colonialism. By examining the rationale for Canadian policies towards opium, cannabis, and quat, I challenge the notion that public health and safety played a material role the formation of Canadian narcotics policy. Rather, racialized targeting of minority groups was a key driver for creating laws to prohibit certain narcotics and incidentally target undesirable subcultures. Evidence that punitive and enforcement-oriented strategies for controlling narcotic drugs are ineffective hav

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12

Parmar, Alpa. "Arresting (non)Citizenship: The Policing Migration Nexus of Nationality, Race and Criminalization." Theoretical Criminology 24, no. 1 (2019): 28–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480619850800.

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In this article I examine ‘Operation Nexus’, a collaborative initiative between the police and immigration enforcement in the UK, and its impact on foreign national and minority ethnic suspects of offending. I explain how strategic policing aims to manage migration around notions such as ‘high harm’ offenders, target those who appear ‘foreign’ as well as visible ethnic minority suspects, the latter of which may hold citizenship in the UK. The consequences of Operation Nexus are therefore wider than its stated aim because it legitimizes racial profiling by the police and has negative consequenc

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13

Rodriguez, Roberto. "Fighting Law Enforcement Brutality While Living with Trauma in a World of Impunity." Genealogy 2, no. 4 (2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2040056.

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By all rights, I should be dead. Not once, but a number of times. On 23 March 1979, as a 24-year-old, I witnessed and photographed the brutal beating of a young man in a sarape by some 10–12 Sheriff’s deputies on Whittier Blvd in East Los Angeles. In turn, the deputies turned on me with their riot sticks cracked my skull, and sent me to the hospital, charging me with attempting to kill 4 of the deputies. On my arrest report, it stated that I was the leader of a gang of 10–15 Mexicans. With active death threats from the original Sheriff’s deputies that drove to the jail war of the LA County Hos

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14

Coon, Michael. "Local Immigration Enforcement and Arrests of the Hispanic Population." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 3 (2017): 645–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500305.

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Section 287(g) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), which was added to the INA by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (IIRIRA), allows the federal government to enter into voluntary partnerships with state and local law enforcement agencies to enforce immigration law. Upon entering these agreements, law enforcement officers are trained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and receive delegated authority to enquire about an individual's immigration status and, if found to be removable, to detain the individual while ICE makes a determination

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15

Corral, Álvaro J. "Allies, Antagonists, or Ambivalent? Exploring Latino Attitudes about the Black Lives Matter Movement." Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 42, no. 4 (2020): 431–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739986320949540.

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While many Latinos suffer the injustices of racial profiling at the hands of law enforcement and immigration officials, differences in immigration status, racial identity, contact with the Black community, and the prevalence anti-Black sentiment pose challenges for coalition building with Blacks. This study explores the factors that lead to an avenue for allyship from the Latino community to the Black community. Using attitudes about the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, a series of hypotheses are tested to examine the structure of Latino-Black compared to white-Black coalitions. Two major fi

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16

Shepherd, Stephane M., and Benjamin L. Spivak. "Estimating the extent and nature of offending by Sudanese-born individuals in Victoria." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 53, no. 3 (2020): 352–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004865820929066.

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The involvement in crime of some young Sudanese-born Victorians has received sustained public attention in recent years. The media coverage of these occurrences has been extensive, with some outlets criticised for sensationalist reporting and prejudiced undertones. A range of views were held across the commentariat including, for example, the notion that Sudanese-Victorian criminal involvement has been overstated; that some level of justice over-representation was inevitable due to the demographics of Sudanese-born Victorians, which skew young and male (i.e. the demographic hypothesis); and th

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17

Lam, Elene, Elena Shih, Katherine Chin, and Kate Zen. "The Double-Edged Sword of Health and Safety: COVID-19 and the Policing and Exclusion of Migrant Asian Massage Workers in North America." Social Sciences 10, no. 5 (2021): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10050157.

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Migrant Asian massage workers in North America first experienced the impacts of COVID-19 in the final weeks of January 2020, when business dropped drastically due to widespread xenophobic fears that the virus was concentrated in Chinese diasporic communities. The sustained economic devastation, which began at least 8 weeks prior to the first social distancing and shelter in place orders issued in the U.S. and Canada, has been further complicated by a history of aggressive policing of migrant massage workers in the wake of the war against human trafficking. Migrant Asian massage businesses are

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18

Welsh, Megan, Joshua Chanin, and Stuart Henry. "Complex Colorblindness in Police Processes and Practices." Social Problems, March 18, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa008.

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Abstract Racial disparities in police-community encounters are well documented, with people of color experiencing higher levels of police scrutiny. Far less is known about how police officers perceive the racial dynamics at play in their work. As part of a 2016 study of traffic stops in San Diego, we conducted in-depth interviews with 52 city police officers. Despite evidence of racial disparities in SDPD practices related to post-stop outcomes, officers denied, minimized, or even condemned racial profiling during traffic stops; officers described operating under a neutral policy of “colorblin

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19

RENY, TYLER T., and BENJAMIN J. NEWMAN. "The Opinion-Mobilizing Effect of Social Protest against Police Violence: Evidence from the 2020 George Floyd Protests." American Political Science Review, June 8, 2021, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055421000460.

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Does social protest following the police killing of unarmed Black civilians have a widespread “opinion-mobilizing” effect against the police? Or, does the racialized nature of these events polarize mass opinion based on standing racial and political orientations? To answer these questions, we use a large dataset comprised of weekly cross sections of the American public and employ a regression discontinuity in time (RDiT) approach leveraging the random timing of the police killing of George Floyd and ensuing nationwide protests. We find that the Floyd protests swiftly decreased favorability tow

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20

Jackson, Robin D., and Howard Henderson. "Criminal Justice Students’ Perceptions and Awareness of Racism and Discrimination." Race and Justice, September 8, 2019, 215336871987302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2153368719873024.

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The recent focus on the controversial deaths of minorities at the hands of police officers has led to increased attention on racial bias among the law enforcement community. However, this focus does not extend to criminal justice students. Instead, research examining undergraduates’ racial attitudes focuses on the general student body. In addition to reviewing literature related to criminal justice students’ attitudes toward a variety of criminal justice and social issues, the current study used multiple regression analyses to examine racial and gender differences in a Southwestern University’

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21

Arnold, Bruce, and Margalit Levin. "Ambient Anomie in the Virtualised Landscape? Autonomy, Surveillance and Flows in the 2020 Streetscape." M/C Journal 13, no. 2 (2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/mcj.221.

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Our thesis is that the city’s ambience is now an unstable dialectic in which we are watchers and watched, mirrored and refracted in a landscape of iPhone auteurs, eTags, CCTV and sousveillance. Embrace ambience! Invoking Benjamin’s spirit, this article does not seek to limit understanding through restriction to a particular theme or theoretical construct (Buck-Morss 253). Instead, it offers snapshots of interactions at the dawn of the postmodern city. That bricolage also engages how people appropriate, manipulate, disrupt and divert urban spaces and strategies of power in their everyday life.

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