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Journal articles on the topic 'Racial Quotas'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Htun, Mala. "Racial Quotas for a “Racial Democracy”." NACLA Report on the Americas 38, no. 4 (2005): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2005.11724496.

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2

Oliveira, Mercia Andrade, and Débora Araújo Leal. "The politics of racial and social quotas in public universities in Brazil: a case study at the University of Brasília." Concilium 23, no. 9 (2023): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1209-23e24m.

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Affirmative actions is not a recent policy, however, in Brazil, the discussion on the subject dates back to the 1990s, being expanded from 2001 onwards. It is known that the System of Racial and Social Quotas presents itself as a form of access to Brazilian public universities and represents an alternative to reduce existing differences in the social environment. The objective is to analyze the criteria for the System of Racial and Social Quotas at the University of Brasília, based on a case study of a report published by Veja magazine in 2007. The results are presented in two categories, in t

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3

Alschuler, Albert W. "Racial Quotas and the Jury." Duke Law Journal 44, no. 4 (1995): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1372922.

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4

Conklin, Michael. "The Case Against Race-Based Quotas in Pharmaceutical Trials." American Journal of Law & Medicine 49, no. 1 (2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amj.2023.13.

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AbstractThis Article is the first to offer a comprehensive case against using racial quotas in pharmaceutical studies by providing a detailed examination of the arguments for and against the practice. It begins by discussing the current racial classification system, calls for racial quotas in pharmaceutical trials, and the troubling history of combining race and scientific investigation. It next examines the cautionary tale of BiDil, the first drug authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in only Black people. The third part of the Article sets forth the arguments agai

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5

Bailey, Stanley R., Fabrício Fialho, and Michelle Peria. "Support for race-targeted affirmative action in Brazil." Ethnicities 18, no. 6 (2015): 765–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468796814567787.

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Brazil is undergoing a paradigm shift in its approach to racial inequality. Once eschewing race, legislators and other policy makers are now vigorously implementing racial quotas in public institutions of higher education. In this paper, we explore public opinion on racial quotas using the 2010 and 2012 AmericasBarometer. In 2010, a surprising majority of Brazilians strongly supported these policies. Afro-Brazilians and individuals with lower levels of education were more likely to express strong support compared to whites and those with higher levels of education. In 2012, a question format c

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6

Knoll, Travis. "IS LADY JUSTICE BLIND? READING BRAZIL’S 2012 AFFIRMATIVE ACTION DECISION THROUGH THE STRUGGLE FOR GENDER EQUALITY / A DONA JUSTIÇA É CEGA? LENDO A DECISÃO DE AÇÃO AFIRMATIVA DE 2012 NO BRASIL ATRAVÉS DA LUTA PELA IGUALDADE DE GÊNERO." E-Legis - Revista Eletrônica do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Câmara dos Deputados 10, no. 24 (2017): 39–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51206/e-legis.v10i24.367.

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Brazil has boldly embraced affirmative action on a scale never before attempted in in the Americas. Despite this innovation, scholars have not analyzed this surprising development in a rigorous and grounded fashion. This essay seeks to delve deeper into the Brazilian Supreme Court’s (STF) 2012 decision (acórdão) to uphold the University of Brasilia’s racial quota system against allegations by the conservative Democrat Party (DEM). The DEM argued that such a system of affirmative discrimination violated a “fundamental [i.e. constitutional] precept”, a procedure of relief and remedy that serves

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HUGHES, MELANIE M. "Intersectionality, Quotas, and Minority Women's Political Representation Worldwide." American Political Science Review 105, no. 3 (2011): 604–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000293.

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The majority of the world's countries have implemented policies designed to advance the political representation of women and/or minority groups. Yet we do not yet understand how these disparate policies affect the election of minority women. In this article, I draw on theories of intersectionality to conduct the first worldwide analysis of the effects of gender and minority quotas on minority women's representation in national legislatures. Using hierarchical linear modeling, I analyze how quotas influence the election of women from more than 300 racial, ethnic, and religious groups across 81

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8

Render, Brandon James. "“We Want a Quota!”." Journal of Civil and Human Rights 8, no. 1 (2022): 28–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/23784253.8.1.02.

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Abstract During the Black Student Movement of the late 1960s and ‘70s, campus activists organized to demand, among other requests, a racial quota system. In response, university administrators often developed race-neutral scholarship programs and recruitment strategies to enroll more students of color without setting quotas. The quota controversy at the University of Texas at Austin reveals important elements of race-conscious and colorblind admissions programs. After the Afro-Americans for Black Liberation demanded the first quota system in 1969, Black students engaged in a decade-long battle

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9

Vidigal, Claudia Bueno Rocha. "Racial and low-income quotas in Brazilian universities: impact on academic performance." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 1 (2018): 156–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-10-2016-0200.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of racial and low-income quotas on academic performance of students from public and private universities in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Using propensity score matching applied to student-level data from the National Examination of Student Performance conducted in 2012; this paper identifies the impact of the quota policy on academic performance considering all Brazilian universities. Findings The results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in academic performance between students admitted under the r

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10

SCHWARTZMAN, LUISA FARAH. "Seeing Like Citizens: Unofficial Understandings of Official Racial Categories in a Brazilian University." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 2 (2009): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09005550.

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AbstractThis paper investigates how students at the State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), one of the first Brazilian universities to adopt race-based quotas for admissions, interpret racial categories used as eligibility criteria. Considering the perspectives of students is important to understand the workings of affirmative action policies because UERJ's quotas require applicants to classify themselves. Students' interpretations of those categories often diverge from the interpretations intended by people who shaped the policy. Students' perspectives are formed by everyday experiences wi

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11

Wink, Georg. "“Looking for more Brazilian solutions”: Rhetorical Strategies against Ethnic Quotas in Brazilian Higher Education." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 6, no. 2 (2018): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v6i2.97048.

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Since the 1990s, Brazil has experienced a growing public debate about policies of ethnic affirmative action. The arguments invoked by the opponents of affirmative action quotas, expressed in scientific publications, the mass media and even manifestos, have been the subject of study in several research projects. In their analyses, these scholars have concluded that the the anti-quota arguments suffered from logical inconsistency, theoretical and methodological flaws or simple lack of empirical evidence. However, anti-quota rhetoric appears to persist seemingly unaffected by academic counter-arg

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Francisca Lamarão, Isabel, Stéfano Couto Monteiro, and Carla Regina Zasso. "UNDERSTANDINGS AND EXPRESSIONS ABOUT THE QUOTA SYSTEM AS AFFIRMATIVE POLICY ACTION BY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS." Revista Gênero e Interdisciplinaridade 5, no. 06 (2024): 206–28. https://doi.org/10.51249/gei.v5i06.2320.

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This article deals with the understanding of high school students about the right to racial and social quotas as a public policy that allows the rise of socially disadvantaged populations to higher education. It is the result of research carried out with students from 3rd year high school classes at Colégio Estadual Professora Terezinha Scaramussa (CEPTS), located in the city of Santa Cruz Cabrália, state of Bahia. Data were obtained through the application of a didactic sequence involving exposition, a questionnaire with mixed questions – open and multiple choice, associated with an individua

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13

Mráz, Attila. "HOW TO JUSTIFY MANDATORY ELECTORAL QUOTAS: A POLITICAL EGALITARIAN APPROACH." Legal Theory 27, no. 4 (2021): 285–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352325221000252.

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ABSTRACTThis paper offers a novel substantive justification for mandatory electoral quotas—e.g., gender or racial quotas—and a new methodological approach to their justification. Substantively, I argue for a political egalitarian account of electoral quotas. Methodologically, based on this account and a political egalitarian grounding of political participatory rights, I offer an alternative to the External Restriction Approach to the justification of electoral quotas. The External Restriction Approach sees electoral quotas as at best justified restrictions on political participatory rights. I

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14

Bailey, Stanley R., and Michelle Peria. "Racial Quotas and the Culture War in Brazilian Academia." Sociology Compass 4, no. 8 (2010): 592–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9020.2010.00295.x.

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15

Nascimento Júnior, Edmilson Bezerra do. "A AUTODECLARAÇÃO RACIAL E OS PERIGOS DO MITO DA “DEMOCRACIA RACIAL”." HISTÓRIA UNICAP 10, no. 20 (2023): 22–36. https://doi.org/10.25247/hu.2023.v10n20.p22-36.

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This article proposes to discuss how the myth of Racial Democracy remains alive in Brazilian society and even manages to impact the Racial Quotas Law. Provoking in some layers of the population, whether poor or rich, certain mistakes, especially when racial self-declaration is necessary. Because color and race, despite walking side by side in Brazil, are difficult to interpret. Generating possible fraud much discussed over the past few years in public educational institutions that adhered to the aforementioned law. And impacting, with this, in a smaller number of vacancies available to the pub

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16

CICALO, ANDRÉ. "Nerds and Barbarians: Race and Class Encounters through Affirmative Action in a Brazilian University." Journal of Latin American Studies 44, no. 2 (2012): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x12000028.

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AbstractThis ethnographic article discusses how race emerges between discourses of class and space at the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Following a legal decision, this academic institution was required to implement racial quotas to combat social exclusion and raise the number of ‘black’ students in public higher education. A crucial question is whether such racially based policies help redress social inequalities, or whether they actually increase discrimination by reifying ‘racial’ differences in Brazil. I argue that the social diversity promoted by quotas at the university stre

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17

Palhares, Dario, Íris Almeida dos Santos, and Antônio Carlos Rodrigues da Cunha. "Racial quotas in university vis-à-vis the state of exception." Revista Latinoamericana de Bioética 17, no. 32-1 (2016): 150–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18359/rlbi.1897.

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<p>Existe una interrelación entre Bioética y Educación, como se indica en la Declaración Universal sobre Bioética y Derechos Humanos y en la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos. La Universidad de Brasilia comenzó un programa de acción afirmativa mediante la reserva de cupos para negros en los programas de pregrado. En primer lugar, se realizó un análisis investigativo de los datos resul- tantes y contradicciones de estos cupos. A continuación, la reflexión aborda esta cuestión desde la perspectiva del Estado de Excepción. La población brasileña es altamente mestiza. Las puntuacione

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18

COUTINHO, Gabriela dos Santos, Dyego de Oliveira ARRUDA, and Rosana Rodrigues HERINGER. "LAW OF RACIAL QUOTAS IN PUBLIC RECRUITMENT EXAMINATIONS: STUDY CASE OF TECHNICAL-ADMINISTRATIVE POSITIONS AT THE PEDRO II HIGH SCHOOL." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 20, no. 58 (2024): 131–57. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14120324.

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This study aims to analyze how Pedro II High School (CPII), a traditional federal educational institution located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, implemented the racial quotas established by Law No. 12,990/2014 – which reserves 20% of vacancies in public examinations conducted by the federal government for candidates who self-declare as black – in the recruitment examinations for Technical-Administrative in Education (TAEs) positions, focusing on the impact of this legislation on the change in the racial profile of employees in this career at the institution. The theoretical framew

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19

Teodoro, Diogo, and Rogério da Silva Nunes. "Ten Years of The University Quota Law in Brazil: An Evaluation Based on Institutional Evasion." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 8 (2024): e08313. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n8-189.

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Objective: The main objective of the article is to compare the performance of quota and non-quota students at the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC) during the period of the quota policy (Law No. 12.711/2012). The comparison is based on the analysis of enrollment and institutional dropout rates from 2013 to 2022. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework discusses the importance of affirmative action policies, specifically university quotas, as tools to democratize access to higher education and promote social inclusion. Various authors are cited who discuss the need for these

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20

MENDES JUNIOR, ALVARO ALBERTO FERREIRA, ALBERTO DE MELLO E SOUZA, and FÁBIO DOMINGUES WALTENBERG. "Affirmative Action and Access to Higher Education in Brazil: The Significance of Race and Other Social Factors." Journal of Latin American Studies 48, no. 2 (2016): 301–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x16000018.

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AbstractUsing recent data, this study examines the affirmative action programme of the Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), the first Brazilian university to implement admissions quotas. The article analyses admissions records and finds that both the ratio of applications per place and minimum admission scores are considerably lower among quota students; scores in the admissions test are associated principally with socio-economic factors rather than racial ones; preparatory courses for the university's admissions tests do not appear to be a substitute for the quota system in terms

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21

Scott, Ralph. "Racial quotas in public school classrooms: The newest drive for 'equity'." Mankind Quarterly 33, no. 3 (1993): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46469/mq.1993.33.3.5.

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22

Lima, Eduardo Veras de, and Carlos Alexandre Hees. "RACIAL QUOTAS FOR UNIVERSITIES: A CRITICAL APPROACH AND ITS CURRENT CHALLENGES." Revista Ibero-Americana de Humanidades, Ciências e Educação 10, no. 7 (2024): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51891/rease.v10i7.14766.

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As cotas raciais são um tema bastante discutido quando se trata de reparação histórica, de oportunidades e igualdade para todos, em vários países, inclusive o Brasil. No entanto, estamos presenciando sua aplicação que tem sido alvo de discussão sobre aqueles que estão sendo atendidos por essa Lei de Cotas. Quero apresentar nesse artigo pontos adversos e também pontos relevantes na aplicação da lei, apresentando conteúdos e comentários daqueles que apoiam e daqueles de divergem das ideias aplicadas nessa lei. Como disse, ela veio em forma de lei para poder sanar uma dificuldade que muitas pesso

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23

Ellison, Glenn, and Parag A. Pathak. "The Efficiency of Race-Neutral Alternatives to Race-Based Affirmative Action: Evidence from Chicago’s Exam Schools." American Economic Review 111, no. 3 (2021): 943–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20161290.

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Several K-12 and university systems have adopted race-neutral affirmative action in place of race-based alternatives. This paper explores whether these plans are effective substitutes for racial quotas in Chicago Public Schools (CPS), which now employs a race-neutral, place-based affirmative action system at its selective exam high schools. The CPS plan is ineffective compared to plans that explicitly consider race: about three-quarters of the reduction in average entrance scores at the top schools could have been avoided with the same level of racial diversity. Moreover, the CPS plan is less

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24

Merrett, Christopher, Colin Tatz, and Daryl Adair. "History and its racial legacies: quotas in South African rugby and cricket." Sport in Society 14, no. 6 (2011): 754–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2011.587291.

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25

Connolly, Michael. "Discrimination Law and the Quota Fear in Britain and the United States." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 6, no. 4 (2005): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822910500600404.

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On 19th July 2003, following the (EU) Race Directive, 1 a new definition of indirect racial discrimination carne into force in the United Kingdom. 2 Its principal effect was to annul the Court of Appeal's restrictive interpretation of the previous definition. 3 However, the new definition may have potential to cover a class of case beyond any contemplated by the draftsman, where there is a racially imbalanced workforce, but with no identifiable cause; or the ‘result-only’ case. If this were so, the fear is that employers would be forced to adopt quotas, rather than face litigation. This issue

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DESIDERIO, Edilma De Jesus, GONZÁLES, and Julio Santiago HERNÁNDEZ. "ETHNIC-RACIAL QUOTA POLICY AND HETEROIDENTIFICATION IN BRAZIL: AUTOETHNOGRAPHY OF BLACK-BROWN RECOGNITION." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 19, no. 55 (2024): 420–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13428249.

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The objective of this text is to present a reflection on the use of the policy of ethnic-racial quotas and the analysis of the use of the heteroidentification technique in Brazil. The theoretical framework is based on the perspective of self technology and its implications in self-declaration in a process of individual recognition by race/colour Black(a) Prieto(a) or Brown(a). The qualitative methodology combines, on the one hand, the method of sociological hermeneutic interpretation in the revision of the normative and institutional model of the ethnic-racial from the institutional-legal syst

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Gabovich, Alexander, and Vladimir Kuznetsov. "WESTERN SCIENCE HUMILIATION AS A SYMPTOM OF THE WHOLE CIVILIZATION DECLINE." Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies 18, no. 2 (2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1815-7459.2021.2.235210.

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Some aspects of the radical change of value orientations in modern western science are considered. Influenced by leftist ideology and under the slogans of abstract justice, the leadership of European and North American institutions is trying to expand the presence of new members in the scientific and educational spheres on the quota basis, taking into account racial and gender rather than meritocratic characteristics (high-quality basic and university education level, persistence to obtain new knowledge, developed mental abilities in this area). It has been shown that the rapid legislative or

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PAPADIMA, Raluca. "Overview of diversity imbalance on boards of European and American listed companies and possible remedies." Analele Universitării din București Drept, no. 2024 (November 19, 2024): 163–93. https://doi.org/10.31178/aubd/2024.11.

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This article discusses possible means for addressing the documented lack of diversity on board of directors of listed companies in the European Union and the United States. The lack of diversity is typically assessed through three categories: gender diversity, racial/ethnic diversity and sexual orientation diversity. Until recently, efforts to improve diversity have focused solely on gender diversity but further expansion towards other categories is imminent. This article documents and assesses the main methods used to influence diversity: self-regulation, soft law, regulations from stock exch

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Schwartzman, Luisa Farah, and Angela Randolpho Paiva. "Not just racial quotas: affirmative action in Brazilian higher education 10 years later." British Journal of Sociology of Education 37, no. 4 (2014): 548–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2014.973015.

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30

Mello, Luiz, and Eduardo Gomor dos Santos. "A REVISÃO DA LEI 12.711/2012: ações afirmativas em disputa no Congresso Nacional." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 2 (2022): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n2p530-546.

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Este artigo apresenta o mapeamento crítico das proposições legislativas, em tramitação na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal, que tratam de ações afirmativas na educação, com ênfase no recorte de cor ou raça. Identifica que a maioria dos projetos de lei afeta negativamente as subcotas destinadas a negras/os e indígenas, seja pela supressão da subcota étnico-racial, seja pela utilização combinada de critérios que beneficiam outros segmentos sociais, com destaque para renda. Chama a atenção que nenhum projeto de lei em tramitação prevê ações afirmativas apenas para grupos raciais subaltern

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Vieito, Ana Carolina Esposito, Danielle Duarte Munhoz, and Gianfranco Faggin Mastro Andréa. "Elites e Poder no Campo Científico: a Questão das Cotas para Negros na Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu no Brasil." Revista de Ciências Jurídicas e Empresariais 19, no. 1 (2018): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/2448-2129.2018v19n1p35-41.

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ResumoCom um enfoque histórico e analítico, o presente artigo tem por objetivo trazer reflexões acerca da construção e manutenção das elites e sua estrutura de poder, valendo-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e estatística, principalmente, no que diz respeito à elite branca no campo da ciência diante da diminuta presença de negros no ambiente acadêmico e a aparente relação desse aspecto com os princípios de legitimação e reprodução da elite branca no poder, além de apontar a necessidade de efetiva institucionalização das cotas para negros nos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu, como ação afirmat

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32

Harris, Ben. "Jewish Quotas in Clinical Psychology? The Journal of Clinical Psychology and the Scandal of 1945." Review of General Psychology 13, no. 3 (2009): 252–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0015688.

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In 1945 Frederick Thorne, editor of the Journal of Clinical Psychology, proposed to limit the acceptance of Jewish applicants to clinical psychology graduate schools. A public scandal erupted over this proposed limit, which was modeled on Jewish quotas in medical education. Criticized by the mass media and most psychologists, Thorne's proposal was repudiated by the Eastern Psychological Association and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. Using private correspondence, oral histories, and published articles, this mostly forgotten episode in the history of clinical psycholog

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McCrary, Justin. "The Effect of Court-Ordered Hiring Quotas on the Composition and Quality of Police." American Economic Review 97, no. 1 (2007): 318–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.97.1.318.

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Arguably the most aggressive affirmative action program ever implemented in the United States was a series of court-ordered racial hiring quotas imposed on municipal police departments. My best estimate of the effect of court-ordered affirmative action on work-force composition is a 14-percentage-point gain in the fraction African American among newly hired officers. Evidence on police performance is mixed. Despite substantial black-white test score differences on police department entrance examinations, city crime rates appear unaffected by litigation. However, litigation lowers slightly both

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Finkle, Todd A., Robert A. Figler, and Kenneth A. Dunning. "West Point Market: Managing a Challenge from the EEOC." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 25, no. 3 (2001): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225870102500305.

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Russell Vernon, a second-generation owner and manager of West Point Market in Akron, Ohio, must decide whether to settle, go to court, or reconcile (mutually agreeable solution) with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission on an allegation of racial discrimination. He firmly believes that he is innocent. If he chooses to reconcile or settle the case out of court, he could be construed as a racist. If he chooses to go to court and loses, he may lose his family business. This emotionally charged situation is presented as a management decision that must be based on an analysis of the facts. T

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NIGHAOUI, Sami C. "Toward an Integrative Approach to Affirmative Action." Journal in Humanities 10, no. 1 (2021): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31578/hum.v10i1.437.

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Having taken advantage of quotas and set-asides in the job market and in university admissions, considerable numbers of African Americans havemanaged to bridge the socioeconomic gap with the more prosperous groups, but the backlash against preferential treatment during the past few yearshas cast doubt over its very constitutionality. That racial preferences need to be continued for the greatest number of African Americans to truly takeadvantage of it is a basic postulate in this essay. But the system of racial preferences, as it currently stands, will shortly lose the support it has hadfor dec

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Norton, Noelle H. "Has Liberalism Failed Women?: Assuring Equal Representation in Europe and the United States. Edited by Jytte Klausen and Charles S. Maier. New York: Palgrave, 2001. 243p." American Political Science Review 96, no. 3 (2002): 665–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402780362.

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Over the past decade, while the United States effectively decided that liberalism could not accommodate quotas or affirmative action plans designed to alleviate gender and racial inequality, Europe decided that liberalism could accommodate a form of positive discrimination. As the U.S. Supreme Court systematically rolled back affirmative action plans and the state of California led the initiative to curtail government and educational affirmative action, countries like France, Germany, and Norway were implementing a variety of parity policies at both the constitutional and political levels. The

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Fryer, Roland G., and Glenn C. Loury. "Affirmative Action and Its Mythology." Journal of Economic Perspectives 19, no. 3 (2005): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/089533005774357888.

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For more than three decades, critics and supporters of affirmative action have fought for the moral high ground through ballot initiatives and lawsuits, in state legislatures, and in varied courts of public opinion. The goal of this paper is to show the clarifying power of economic reasoning to dispel some myths and misconceptions in the racial affirmative action debates. We enumerate seven commonly held (but mistaken) views one often encounters in the folklore about affirmative action (affirmative action may involve goals and timelines, but definitely not quotas, e.g.). Simple economic argume

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Bonatto Barcellos, Antônio Augusto, and Bruno Fontes Corrêa. "As Ações Afirmativas por Critério Étnico-Racial no Ensino Superior Brasileiro: Análise Antropológica e Jurídica." REVISTA PLURI 1, no. 2 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/rpv122019p9-20.

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Trata-se de um trabalho que busca analisar a questão das ações afirmativas no ambiente universitário brasileiro. Procurou-se dialogar entre a antropologia e a técnica jurídica de maneira a apresentar as justificativas, argumentos e resultados das políticas de ações afirmativas no Brasil, desde diferentes pontos de vista. Este artigo apresenta e discute, ainda, argumentos e estatísticas sobre o assunto, de maneira a proporcionar ao leitor/pesquisador uma visão mais aprofundada sobre o tema.Palavras-Chave: Quotas, Ações Afirmativas, Étnico-racial, Ensino e Superior.AbstractThis paper seeks to an

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Johnson, Ollie. "Abdias Nascimento and Brazilian Politics." Journal of Black Studies 52, no. 6 (2021): 627–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219347211010293.

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The 2016 impeachment of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff and the decisions by new President Temer require us to focus on the life and work of Abdias Nascimento. Temer’s actions remind us that the recent efforts of Brazilian governments to be more racially inclusive and egalitarian have not been consolidated and that policies such as affirmative action, the teaching of Afro-Brazilian history and culture, and racial quotas in the public sector are at risk. Nascimento dedicated his life to fighting against White racism in Brazil and promoting government policies to improve social, economic, and

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Falk, Adam F., and Lorelle L. Espinosa. "Don’t let the Court disrupt science." Science 380, no. 6646 (2023): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adi7054.

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It is widely expected that by this summer, the United States Supreme Court will overturn long-standing precedents allowing the consideration of race as one factor among many in university admissions. The current legal regime goes back to the Court’s decision ( Regents of University of California v. Bakke ) in 1978 that banned racial quotas while allowing consideration of race for the purpose of creating a diverse educational environment. Although the law has evolved since then, almost all universities have relied on the Bakke framework to support their strategies to educate a diverse citizenry

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Rammila, Davy. "‘Numerical Targets’ or ‘Quotas’? The Draft Employment Equity Regulations 2023 in Perspective." Industrial Law Journal 45, no. 2 (2024): 692–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/ilj/v45/i2a2.

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The 2022 amendments to the Employment Equity Act (EEA) introduced s 15A which empowers the Minister of Employment and Labour to adopt regulations determining sector-specific numerical targets to be taken into account by designated employers in implementing their employment equity plans. Through these regulations, the Minister is able to influence directly the contents of employers’ affirmative action measures. Empowered thereby, the Minister published the Draft Employment Equity Regulations, 2023 that have drawn the ire of certain sections of the public who claim that the draft’s numerical tar

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Mello, Luiz, and Ubiratan Pereira de Resende. "FEDERAL CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATIONS FOR UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS FOR RACIAL EQUALITY." Cadernos de Pesquisa 50, no. 175 (2020): 8–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/198053146788.

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Abstract In this study, quali-quanti methodology was applied to analyze the implementation of Law no. 12,990/2014 on quotas for Black candidates at 63 federal universities and 38 federal ‘institutes’ (secondary and vocational training), during the period that spanned 2014 to 2018. The law reserves 20% of teaching vacancies filled through federal civil servant examinations for Black people. We observe the distance that separates the legally-stipulated conditions and actual practice in these institutions. As five years have now gone by since the passage of this legislation, it seems safe to say

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Wilson, William Julius. "RACE AND AFFIRMING OPPORTUNITY IN THE BARACK OBAMA ERA." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 9, no. 1 (2012): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x12000240.

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AbstractI first discuss the Obama administration's efforts to promote racial diversity on college campuses in the face of recent court challenges to affirmative action. I then analyze opposition in this country to “racial preferences” as a way to overcome inequality. I follow that with a discussion of why class-based affirmative action, as a response to cries from conservatives to abolish “racial preferences,” would not be an adequate substitute for race-based affirmative action. Instead of class-based affirmative action, I present an argument for opportunity enhancing affirmative action progr

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STROBL, Tyler James, and Dyego de Oliveira ARRUDA. "AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICIES AND THE PRESENCE OF BLACK PEOPLE IN THE MARKET WORK FORM OF THE METROPOLITAN REGION OF RIO DE JANEIRO." Boletim de Conjuntura (BOCA) 15, no. 44 (2023): 382–404. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8253996.

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This paper seeks to analyze the configuration of the formal labor market in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region, in Brazil, exploring the possible influences of affirmative action policies on the presence of a larger contingent of Black people in the formal workforce. In methodological terms, research was structured based on data from the Annual Social Information Report of the Ministry of Labor and Employment (RAIS/MTE), between 2010 and 2020. Data was gathered on the racial classification of people with formal jobs in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region in public companies, mixed-capit

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Childs, Sarah, and Melanie Hughes. "“Which Men?” How an Intersectional Perspective on Men and Masculinities Helps Explain Women's Political Underrepresentation." Politics & Gender 14, no. 2 (2018): 282–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x1800017x.

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Progress toward gender equality in politics is striking. With the help of electoral gender quotas in more than 130 countries, women's national legislative representation more than doubled in the last 20 years. Other historically marginalized groups—racial, ethnic, and religious minorities, immigrants, and indigenous peoples—are also increasingly making their way into our parliaments. Political institutions are, then, more inclusive today than they have ever been. Yet equal representation has not been fully realized: some marginalized groups have seen a decline, and men from dominant social and

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Aubel, Maraci Gonçalves. "Afro-brazilian women and their path to higher education: reflection on women’s voices in southern Bahia." Revista PINDORAMA 4, no. 04 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.55847/pindorama.v4i04.404.

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This article examines the difficulties that Afro-Brazilian women have experienced after gaining admission into the State University of Santa Cruz in southern Bahia. Using the voices of the women whose agency helped them to become university students the article discuss the lack of academic and financial support available to them as they work toward their undergraduate degrees. In 2001, responding to pressure from community activists, including black scholars, black women feminists, and student organizations within several universities, the federal government of Brazil under President Fernando

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Htun, Mala. "From “Racial Democracy” to Affirmative Action: Changing State Policy on Race in Brazil." Latin American Research Review 39, no. 1 (2004): 60–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100038954.

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By analyzing the Brazilian government's surprise endorsement of affirmative action in 2001, this article explores how the state constructs race in society and how ideas drive policy change. After decades defending the myth of “racial democracy,” the state admitted to racism and endorsed an extreme form of affirmative action—quotas—for Afro-Brazilians in government service and higher education. Based on fieldwork conducted in 2002, this article explains the recent policy turnaround as a dialectic between social mobilization and presidential initiative framed within unfolding international event

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Graham, Hugh Davis. "Race, History, and Policy: African Americans and Civil Rights Since 1964." Journal of Policy History 6, no. 1 (1994): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600003614.

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Dwarfing all debates over civil rights policy and race relations during the three decades since 1964 has been the storm over affirmative action. Critics have argued that affirmative action in practice has meant requiring racial quotas, and hence practicing “reverse discrimination” against innocent (usually white male) third parties. This has been done, critics contend, in the name of a law, the Civil Rights Act of 1964, that explicitly prohibited racial preferences. Proponents have countered that racism is so deeply rooted in American culture and institutions that mere nondiscrimination will p

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Da Hora Filho, Edmilton Amaro, and Vilde Gomes De Menezes. "AFROCENTRICIDADE E A NEGLIGÊNCIA EM RELAÇÃO ÀS POLÍTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS." LUMEN ET VIRTUS 16, no. 49 (2025): 6696–714. https://doi.org/10.56238/levv16n49-041.

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The study addresses a strategic challenge in the implementation of laws related to ethnic-racial issues in higher education in Brazil, highlighting the lack of analysis on the subject and the lack of mandatory specific laws for higher education. Although laws 10.639/2003 and 11.645/2008, and Resolution CNE/CP 01/2004, are applicable to elementary and secondary education, Resolution CNS No. 569/2017 establishes the mandatory inclusion of African and Afro-descendant history and culture in health courses, starting in February 2018. To this end, we sought to evaluate the current configuration of t

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Dovi, Suzanne. "Preferable Descriptive Representatives: Will Just Any Woman, Black, or Latino Do?" American Political Science Review 96, no. 4 (2002): 729–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055402000412.

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A body of theoretical literature has developed that explains why historically disadvantaged groups should be represented by members of those groups. Such representatives are commonly referred to as descriptive representatives. This literature has also endorsed various institutional reforms aimed at increasing the number of descriptive representatives, e.g., party list quotas, racial districting, and proportional representation. However, this literature does not articulate criteria that should guide the selection of descriptive representatives to serve in these institutional positions. Indeed,

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