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Barbeau, Paule. "Markers of the erythropoietin, erythropoietin receptor and RAD genes and cardiorespiratory endurance." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25376.pdf.
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Love, Bettina L. "Don't judge a book by Its cover an ethnography about achievement, rap music, sexuality & race /." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia State University, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/28/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from title page (Digital Archive@GSU, viewed June 10, 2010) Jennifer Esposito, committee chair; Jonathan Gayles, Richard Lakes, Carlos R. McCray, committee members. Includes bibliographical references (p. 201-228).
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Teperman, Ricardo Indig. "Tem que ter suingue: batalhas de freestyle no metrô Santa Cruz." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-22022013-100553/.
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Esta dissertação tem como foco a prática de duelo rimas conhecida como batalha de freestyle. Segundo os participantes, o freestyle é \"rap feito na hora\" e o objetivo das batalhas é \"zoar o outro\". A partir de etnografia realizada ao longo de três anos na batalha da Santa Cruz, em São Paulo, analiso como os aspectos lítero-musicais e performáticos nublam a fronteira entre o insulto e a piada, possibilitando a encenação de conflitos e entabulando uma espécie de \"economia da diferença\". Nestes embates, os improvisadores mobilizam e flexionam categorias como gênero, sexualidade, raça/cor e classe social, operando como marcadores da diferença, sem produzir sentido isoladamente, mas apenas nas articulações efetuadas.The focus of this thesis is the practice of rhyme duels known as freestyle battles. According to the participants, freestyle is \"rap on real-time\", and the purpose of the battles is to \"mock the other\". Based in ethnography carried out for three years in the Battle of Santa Cruz, in São Paulo, I analyse how the literary-musical and performance aspects blur the border between insult and joke, enabling the staging of conflicts and setting what could be called a \"economy of difference\". In these disputes, improvisators mobilize categories such as gender, sexuality, race/colour and social class, operating as difference setters, without any meaning if viewed isolately, but exclusively in the articulations that are produced.
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Molosi, Keneilwe. "The world of development as experienced and perceived by the San through the RADP : the case of Khwee and Sehunong settlements." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6563/.
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Poverty and underdevelopment are long standing concerns that characterise San communities in Botswana. Several policies and programmes have been put in place to address these concerns one of which is the Remote Area Development Programme (RADP), in place since 1974. Whereas past studies have reported on the failure of the RADP, this study employs it as a vehicle to understand the San’s development landscape. The main purpose of the study was to explore and describe the San’s perceptions and experiences of development A qualitative multiple-case study approach using semi structured interviews and focus groups were adopted to capture the experiences and perceptions of the San as they evolve within their environment. Critical social theory, which argues that all social relations are power relations and those who are dominant use their power to (re)produce their position of privilege, was used to construct the theoretical framework for the study. Data analysis produced three key findings. Key finding one was that development is a politicised concept interlocked within the politics of power. While the San are on the periphery of power as objects of the development process, the dominant Tswana speaking groups are located within the centre of power where they are privileged to control the development process, by deciding who gets access to resources. This creates a ‘virtuous cycle of self-reinforcing development’ for the dominant Tswana groups and a ‘vicious cycle of poverty’ for the powerless San. Key finding two was that poverty is a by-product of processes seated in unequal social relationships of power. Key finding three presents the politics of participation. Participation becomes evidence of the power and control of each group in the development process. This study thus concluded that poverty and underdevelopment are not economic in their mutation, but are by-products of unequal power relations embedded in a struggle of class interests.
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Fransson, Therése. "Fyra nyanser av brunt : Adopterades erfarenheter av svenskhetens gränser, ras och vithet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-51722.
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This study is about the group of transnational adoptees, which means adoptions that includes a transfer of children to families who racially and culturally different from them. The Swedish research regarding to this group of adoptees is relatively limited. Especially in relation to the phenomenon like race, whiteness and racism. There is a need for more knowledge about what it means to be Swedish and non-white, something that the group adoptees has experience of. The purpose of this study is to examine if, and in that case how, it is possible to discern a pattern of Swedishness boundaries using the adoptees experience, and to find out how notions of race interacts with these experiences. The study is based on a qualitative approach and the empirical material consists of interviews with four adoptees. To understand my empirical data I have chosen to work with several different theoretical perspectives to illustrate the phenomenon as can be seen as border guards of Swedishness concerning to the adoptees. These phenomenon’s are: race and whiteness, and racialization and (everyday) racism. I am also inspired by the American research field of critical race and whiteness studies, but from a Swedish context. The results show that the main limit for Swedishness goes at the adoptees non-white bodies. It is also by their non-white bodies as they get their belonging in Sweden questioned and can be considered as almost Swedes. It is also their non-Swedish appearance that allows them to be exposed to racialization and racism in everyday life. Thus, it is possible to argue, on the basis of the adoptees stories, that race as construction exists and that we must speak of it to be able to understand how it, as adopted (Swedish), is to live in a non-white body in Sweden today.
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Love, Bettina L. "Don't Judge a Book by its Cover: An Ethnography about Achievement, Rap Music, Sexuality & Race." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/28.
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The purpose of this ethnographic study was to explore how youth consumption of rap music informed their ideas of gender, race, sexuality, and education at a local community center in Atlanta, Georgia. The participants in the study were comprised of three male and six female Black students from working class families, ranging in age from 13–17 years old. The data collection process included 60 formal interviews, 55 informal interviews, 27 focus group interviews, 103 participant observations, and document analyses of media materials. Atlas.ti: The Knowledge Workbench (2003) assisted with the organizing, coding, categorizing, and interpreting of the vast amount of data. Findings from the study revealed four major themes: (a) youth’s engagement with rap music fostered essentialized notions of Blackness, (b) teens believed that Blacks were intellectually inferior, (c) youth perceived their classroom teachers as racist and (d) youth responded to their teacher’s perceived racism by disassociating themselves from youth they believed to be academically inferior. The findings of this study addressed the need for candid dialogues about race in the classroom and educational policy that incorporates critical media literacy.
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Forman, Murray W. ""The ‘hood comes first" : race, space and place in Rap music and Hip Hop, 1978-1996." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ50163.pdf.
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Radford, Crystal Joesell. "In Defense of Rap Music: Not Just Beats, Rhymes, Sex, and Violence." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1306255326.
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Djavadzadeh, Keivan. "Wild women don't have the blues : genre, race et sexualité dans le rap féminin états-unien." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080063.
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De toutes les musiques populaires contemporaines, le rap, né dans le South Bronx à New York vers le milieu des années 1970, est probablement celle que l’on associe le plus communément à l’expression d’un discours masculin misogyne. Les rappeuses elles-mêmes décrivent fréquemment le rap comme un environnement masculin voire hostile aux femmes. Pourtant, depuis 1979, plusieurs générations de rappeuses ont fait le choix d’investir cet espace, écoulant des dizaines de millions de disques et participant de manière significative au développement de cette musique, sans être reconnues à la hauteur de leur contribution la plupart du temps. Cette thèse, inscrite au croisement de la science politique et des sciences de l’information et de la communication, s’intéresse à la façon dont des femmes noires des classes populaires négocient leur place dans une industrie dominée par les hommes. Grâce au rap, elles accèdent à une forme de visibilité sociale dans l’espace public qui leur permet de faire entendre un discours sur le genre, la race et la sexualité à rebours des représentations hégémoniques. La représentation étant un principe organisateur des relations sociales réelles, l’analyse du discours des rappeuses aide à mieux comprendre la façon dont se constituent et sont contestées les normes de genre, de race et de sexualité aux États-Unis. Le rap est aujourd’hui l’un des principaux lieux de (re)production de ces normes, et le terrain d’une guerre de position culturelle à propos des différentes idéologies de genre et de race. Dans le rap, des artistes femmes performent leur genre et leur race et construisent autrement leur identité, loin des modèles dominants de la féminitéOf all popular music genres, rap – a music born in the South Bronx in New York in the mid-1970s – is the one most commonly linked to a masculine and misogynistic discourse. Even female rappers often describe the genre as a male-dominated and even hostile environment. Still, numerous female rappers have entered this space since 1979, selling millions of records and contributing to the development of this genre, even though they usually don’t get the recognition they deserve. At the crossroads of political science and media studies, this study focuses on how working-class, black women find success in a male-dominated industry and reach social visibility in the public sphere. In their lyrics, female rappers openly discuss gender, race and sexuality and dispute hegemonic representations. Because representation is an organizing principle of social relations, a study of female rappers’ discourse provides us with a better understanding of the way norms of gender, race and sexuality are constituted – and challenged – through rap music. Rap is now one of the main spaces where these norms are (re)produced. It is the battlefield of an ongoing "war of position" involving ideologies of gender and race. In this space, black women express gender and race through performance and negotiate their identity far from the traditional gender norms
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Labuschagne, Antoinette. "South African personality inventory : the development of an investigation into the psychometric properties of the intellect cluster / A. Labuschagne." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4587.
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The Employment Equity Act, 55 of 1998, Section 8 (Government Gazette, 1998) provides clear guidelines for psychometric testing in South Africa. Due to the cultural complexity of the South African population, personality tests in particular do not always comply with these specifications. Most personality tests used in South Africa have been developed in and imported from other countries, and are consequently not always appropriate for all cultural groups. Also, the majority of indigenous personality tests were developed and standardised specifically for the white population. Today a major challenge in personality assessment development is to develop and standardise inventories for the 11 official language groups in South Africa. The objectives of this study were to develop valid and reliable items for an Intellect–measuring instrument that will form part of a larger personality inventory, to investigate the factor solution of this Intellect cluster, and to compare the factor solutions of the white and African race groups respectively. An Intellect questionnaire consisting of 202 items was developed based on the qualitative phase of the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI). This research served as a pilot study. The sample consisted of (N=524) students from tertiary institutions in the Gauteng and the North West Provinces of South Africa. A quantitative design with an exploratory approach was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was used to analyse the data.
The results indicated that only 18 of the original 202 items proved to be unreliable. Acceptable reliability levels for all facets were found. First–order factor analysis produced two sub–clusters: Aesthetics and Intellect. The Aesthetics sub–cluster consisted of the Artistic, Concrete work and Creative facets, and the Intellect sub–cluster consisted of the Intellect, Knowledgeable, Logical, Self–insight, Articulate, Competent, Enterprising, Perceptive, Social Intellect and Understanding facets. Second–order factor analysis indicated a single–order factor for the Intellect cluster with two second–order factors: Aesthetics and Intellect. Support was found to discard the Musical and Enterprising facets from the Intellect cluster. Similar factor solutions were found for the white and African groups - except for the Musical facet, which loaded on the Aesthetics sub–cluster for the white group and on the Intellect sub–cluster for the African group. Recommendations were made for future research.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Lundell, Elin. "Bland världsmedborgare och vita världar : en studie av relationen mellan vithet och solidaritet i fyra kvinnors berättelser om sitt arbete med immigranter." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-25679.
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The aim of this essay is to examine the ambivalence that I consider work of solidarity carried out from majority position to be associated with, and whether it makes sense to understand the relationship between majorities and minorities involved in this work by using the concepts of race and whiteness. Through Ruth Frankenbergs work on white women and race I consider whiteness to be a racialized position, and through Sara Ahmeds phenomenology of whiteness, which describes racialization as made through the orientation of bodies, I investigate how this racialized position is shaped and maintained by the solidarity work. The study is based on qualitative interviews with four White women engaged in two organizations that works on integration of female immigrants through creating jobs in a cooperative and through educating in national and familial democracy. The work of solidarity told of by the interviewees seems to produce racialized notions about immigrated people of color, which acts as a counterpart to the whiteness that the interviewees themselves possess. At the same time, the work also challenge this binary division, especially by incorporating the non-white women in what in this essay is called "the white world".Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka de ambivalenser som jag utgår ifrån att det solidariska arbete som bedrivs från en normativ majoritetsposition är präglat av och huruvida det är meningsfullt att förstå relationen mellan majoriteter och minoriteter involverade i detta arbete med hjälp av begreppen ras och vithet. Genom Ruth Frankenbergs studie av vita kvinnor och ras förstår jag vithet som en rasifierad position, och genom Sara Ahmeds "vithetens fenomenologi", som beskriver rasifiering som kroppars orientering mot varandra, undersöker jag hur denna rasifierade position skapas och upprätthålls genom solidaritetsarbete. Studien baseras på kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra vita kvinnor engagerade i två olika organisationer som arbetar med integration av den strukturella kategorin "immigranter som är kvinnor", dels genom att driva ett kooperativ där personer ur denna kategori kan söka arbete och dels genom att utbilda samma kategori människor i nationell och famijär demokrati. Det solidariska arbete som intervjupersonerna berättar om tycks skapa rasifierade föreställningar om icke-vita immigranter, vilka fungerar som motbild till den vithet som intervjupersonerna själva besitter. Samtidigt utmanar arbetet också den binära uppdelningen mellan vit och icke-vit, inte minst genom att inkorporera de icke-vita kvinnorna som deltar i organisationerna i vad som i uppsatsen kallas för "den vita världen".
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Andersen, Dolores. "The Roma's in a color-blind state." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45570.
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The aim of this study was to explore how the Roma’s fit into the colorblind ideology in Sweden. Roma’s have been stigmatized and victims of severe abuses by the state as they were classified as an inferior race. Sweden has replaced the word race with ethnicity however, these do not directly have the same meaning. The term race is classified as taboo in Sweden making it hard to address issues regarding racial discrimination. Through my analysis I have discovered that colorblindness is integrated in all aspects of society. Institutions have used colorblind arguments which have diminished the institutional discrimination of the Roma’s. The colorblind ideology has hindered Roma inclusion meaning that their progress has been slowed down. They are still exposed in several sectors including labor market, housing market and the educational system. This thesis contributes to more knowledge regarding the relationship between Roma’s and colorblindness in Sweden. The subject has not been addressed before and the thesis opens up a new area of study.
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Brown, DeAngelo K. "The Relationship between Mainstream Radio Music, Vulgar Lyrics, and Race and the Impact on the Criminal Black Male Stereotype." Diss., NSUWorks, 2017. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/cahss_jhs_etd/18.
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The criminal Black male stereotype, cemented in early American literature, has been perpetuated in movies, TV shows, and now on mainstream radio. For this study, Billboard song lyrics were analyzed for three main themes—violence, misogyny, and drugs/alcohol. Billboard song rankings are based on digital download sales, radio airplay, and Internet streaming. The researcher found that the songs played on hip hop and rap genre radio stations con-tained lyrics that strongly correlated with the three themes. The researcher also examined whether a relationship existed between artist’s race and lyrics about violence, misogyny, and drugs/alcohol. Black artists comprised 48% of the artists studied; compared to White artists’ lyrics, Black artists’ lyrics contained the majority of instances of each theme. The Federal Communications Commission does not restrict vulgar lyrical content played on hip hop and rap radio stations. In addition, according to studies of media influence on the social perceptions of racial groups and history of the Black male’s role in entertainment, the mainstream radio industry selects Black artists whose lyri-cal themes show a prevalence of violence, misogyny, and drugs/alcohol.
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Humphrey, Robert A. "Representing Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Empire: (Counter)Hegemonic Masculinity, Black Fatherhood, and Homosexuality in Primetime Television." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467931917.
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Babi, Yanelys Abreu [UNESP]. "A cor da resistência: os sentidos em torno da negritude no discurso do rap cubano e do rap brasileiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149832.
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Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AIUP)
Pró-Reitoria de Pós-Graduação (PROPG UNESP)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fundamental analisar e descrever, nos discursos do rap cubano e do rap brasileiro, os mecanismos relacionados com as noções teóricas de condições de produção, formação ideológica e formação discursiva, que são usados na construção de sentidos em torno da negritude. Para tanto, tomou-se como base o universo teórico da Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux, que coloca a importância dessas noções. Para analisar os sentidos atribuídos à negritude no rap cubano e no rap brasileiro definiu-se quem fala e para quem; o objeto do discurso; as forças em confronto no marco das relações étnico-raciais em Cuba e no Brasil; e a noção de pré-construído. A pesquisa tem enfoque comparativo e salienta os pontos em comum entre as relações étnico-raciais em ambos os países, assim como as diferenças entre as formas como se expressa o racismo nesses contextos. Foram analisados vinte raps (dez de cada país), compostos por rappers negros das cidades de Havana e de São Paulo, no período entre 2000 e 2012. Verifica-se, nos discursos estudados, uma atribuição de sentidos positivos para a negritude, como resposta aos sentidos negativos que circulam majoritariamente em ambas as sociedades e são usados para inferiorizar o grupo étnico-racial negro. Esses sentidos são construídos em torno do corpo, da história, da cultura, do comportamento e da inserção social do negro e se relacionam, fundamentalmente, com beleza, coragem, inteligência, orgulho, fortaleza, religiosidade, revolta, humanidade, resistência, honestidade e superação. Os sentidos construídos em torno da imagem da mulher negra, vítima de machismo e racismo em ambas as sociedades, também são relevantes na análise. Este trabalho procura trazer contribuições para os estudos linguísticos e culturais que fazem referência tanto à sociedade cubana como à brasileira. No contexto cubano, em que o discurso do gênero constitui uma das principais plataformas de denúncia contra o racismo, o presente trabalho contribui para ampliar a bibliografia sobre a relação, ainda pouco abordada nos estudos linguísticos e culturais, entre rap e relações étnico-raciais. No caso do Brasil, mesmo havendo um maior número de pesquisas sobre o assunto, a realização de um estudo como o proposto joga luzes sobre a maneira como o racismo opera em realidades sociais com um histórico similar. Em ambos os países, esta tese favorece a visibilidade das formas de resistência desenvolvidas pela população negra.
This work has as fundamental objective to analyze and describe the mechanisms that refer to the theoretical notions of conditions of production, ideological formation and discursive formation and are involved in the construction of meanings about blackness on the discourse of Cuban and Brazilian rap music. In order to do so, this research is situated in the theoretical horizon of Michel Pêcheux’s Discourse Analysis, placing in the construction of the discourse the importance of these notions. To analyze the assigned meanings to the blackness in Cuban and Brazilian rap music discourse, it was defined who speaks and to whom; the objective of the discourse; the confrontational forces within the framework of ethnic-racial relations in Cuba and Brazil and the pre-constructed notion. The research has a comparative approach and points out the commonalities about the ethnic-racial issues in both countries, as long as the differences among the ways to express the racism in those contexts. Twenty raps were analyzed (10 from each country), composed by black rappers from Havana and Sao Paulo, between the years 2000 and 2012. It is possible to observe in the studied discourses the attribution of positive meanings to blackness, as an answer against the negative meanings that are mostly present in both societies and are used to abash the ethnic-racial black group. Those senses are constructed about the body, the history, the culture, the behavior and social insertion of the black people and it relates, mostly, to the beauty, courage, intelligence, proud, strength, religiosity, rage, humanity, endurance, honesty and overcoming. Senses constructed around black woman’s image, victim of male chauvinism and racism in both societies, are also relevant to the analysis. This work aims to bring contributions to the linguistic and cultural studies that refer to both societies, Cuban and Brazilian. In the Cuban context, where the gender discourse constitutes one of the main complaint platforms against racism, the following work contributes to expand the bibliography about this relation, still not too much addressed in the linguistic and cultural studies, between rap music and ethnic-racial relations. In Brazilian context, where is a greater number of researches about the subject, the production of a study as the proposed one brings more information about the way that racism operates in social realities with a close background. In both countries, this thesis contributes to the visibility of the resistance developed by the black people.
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental analizar y describir, en los discursos de rap cubano y de rap brasileño, los mecanismos relacionados con las nociones teóricas de condiciones de producción, formación ideológica y formación discursiva, que son usados en la construcción de sentidos en torno de la negritud. Se tomó como base el universo teórico del Análisis del Discurso de Michel Pêcheux, que coloca a importancia de esas nociones. Para analizar los sentidos atribuidos a la negritud en el rap cubano y en el rap brasileño se definió quien habla y para quien; el objeto del discurso; las fuerzas en confronto en el marco de las relaciones étnico-raciales en Cuba y Brasil; y la noción de preconstruido. Esta investigación tiene un enfoque comparativo y resalta los puntos en común en las relaciones étnico-raciales de ambos países, así como las diferencias en las formas como el racismo se expresa en esos contextos. Fueron analizados veinte raps (diez de cada país), compuestos por raperos negros de las ciudades de La Habana y São Paulo, en el período comprendido entre 2000 y 2012. Se comprueba, en los discursos estudiados, una atribución de sentidos positivos a la negritud, como respuesta a los sentidos negativos que circulan mayormente en ambas sociedades y son usados para inferiorizar al grupo étnico-racial negro. Esos sentidos se construyen en torno del cuerpo, de la historia, de la cultura, del comportamiento y de la inserción social del negro y se relacionan, fundamentalmente, con belleza, coraje, inteligencia, orgullo, fortaleza, religiosidad, rabia, humanidad, resistencia, honestidad y superación. Los sentidos construidos en torno de la imagen de la mujer negra, víctima de machismo y racismo en ambas sociedades, también son relevantes para el análisis. Este trabajo pretende traer contribuciones para los estudios lingüísticos y culturales referentes a las sociedades cubana y brasileña. En el contexto cubano, donde el género constituye una de las principales plataformas de denuncia contra el racismo, el presente trabajo contribuye para ampliar la bibliografía sobre la relación, todavía poco estudiada en los estudios lingüísticos y culturales, entre rap y relaciones étnico-raciales. En el caso de Brasil, a pesar de haber un mayor número de investigaciones sobre el asunto, la realización de un estudio como este arroja luces sobre la manera como el racismo opera en realidades sociales con un histórico similar. En ambos países, esta tesis favorece la visibilidad de las formas de resistencia desarrolladas por la población negra.
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Roos, Fredrik. "Strider om ett antirasistiskt rasbegrepp : Gunnar Dahlberg och människokategoriseringarnas vetenskaplighet 1933-1955." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för idé- och lärdomshistoria, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-351676.
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In this thesis I study how geneticist and racebiologist Gunnar Dahlberg, through his own writings and participation in the UNESCO statements on ”race”, came to define the concepts of ”race” and ”science”. Dahlberg was a stark opponent of the ”Nazi race doctrine”. He was also in a unique position as head of the State Institute for Human Genetics and Race Biology, during the period here examined. Questions have recently been raised as to how to understand scientists like Dahlberg when he, as well as many other antiracists of his time, did not deny the existence of visible and scientifically provable ”races”. One conlusion I draw is that Dahlberg, nevertheless, in many ways sought to replace the ”race” concepts in his time, for the biological concept of ”isolates”. I also state, in accordance with what other historians of scientific racism has shown, especially when dealing with the UNESCO statements, that the furthering of biological notions was upheld by other scientific areas, such as anthropology. The case was also vice versa, making ”race” at its core biological, but to its exterior a question of social environment. Relying on Thomas F. Gieryns theories of Boundary-work, I want to further our knowledge of how this was made possible. The aim is to show how Dahlberg, rethorically, drew boundaries for the ”scientific truth” about ”race”. I also intend to shed some light on how these contests for authority where percieved and related to by others. In this respect, one conclusion is that concepts of ”modernity”, and different uses of history where employed as demarcations. I will also show how, in dealing with the criticism of the statements, UNESCO produced a pluralist concept of science. Withall, this is a history that raises important questions about science, politics, and the work – consensuses and contests – that foregoes the categories later used to describe and, or, divide human beings.
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Hafström, Theo, and Maja Jonsson. "Svarta kroppar och vita blickar : En komparativ studie av samhällskritiken i filmerna Get Out och Play." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448087.
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There is an ongoing debate in the media about whether or not caucasian filmmakers should be telling stories about racism and the black experience. This study aims to further the discussion by examining and comparing social criticism in the two feature-length films Play and Get Out, made by caucasian filmmaker Ruben Östlund and African American filmmaker Jordan Peele respectively. Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis grounded in Stuart Hall and Richard Dyer’s theories on representation and stereotyping, the study investigates what discourses regarding race and stereotypes are present in the films. The study shows that both films raise social criticism by references to the historical and contemporary racial discourse and depicting how the white characters act upon their racial prejudice. However, while Östlund attempts to have his audience reflect on their own behaviour and prejudices, the racist implications made by the white characters in Play, along with the black characters stereotypical manners, are often left unconfrontented and therefore reconstructs the racial order. Peele, however, manages to deconstruct the racial order through usage of more creative interdiscursive elements which highlight the importance of a shared black experience, exposing the privileged and racially charged actions of the white characters in Get Out and the vulnerable position of its black characters.
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Kalogeropoulou, Konstantina. "Harry Potter and Draco Malfoy : An analysis of race, prejudice, and class in the Harry Potter novels." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur (from 2013), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78426.
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This essay explores how in the Harry Potter series, J. K. Rowling's magical heroes function asparadigms whose roles reflect on issues of race, prejudice and racism. Those issues include goodand evil, socialism and aristocracy, purity and impurity, freedom and indebtedness. This essayfocuses on showing how those themes are reflected and confronted in the dipole between HarryPotter and Draco Malfoy. Additionally, the Critical Race Theory, a theory that examines howculture uses and assorts power and race in society, is implemented to show how race andprejudice are reflected in the magical world. By further analyzing Harry and Draco's upbringingand social milieus in relation to the theme of good vs. evil, the development of these characters ispresented in response to their contrasting surroundings. The paper concludes that thesecharacters evolve in the final novels and make conscious choices to achieve the common causeof defying evil, despite their opposing backgrounds.Denna uppsats utforskar hur J. K. Rowlings magiska hjältar, i Harry Potter-serien, fungerar somen paradigm vars roller reflekterar frågor kring ras, fördomar och rasism. Dessa frågor inkluderargott och ont, socialism och aristokrati, renhet och orenhet, frihet och skuldsättning. Dennauppsats fokuserar på att visa hur dessa teman reflekteras och konfronteras i dipolen mellan HarryPotter och Draco Malfoy. Dessutom implementeras Critical Race Theory, en teori somundersöker hur kultur använder och sorterar makt och ras i samhället, för att visa hur ras ochfördomar återspeglas i den magiska världen. Genom att ytterligare analysera Harry och Dracosuppväxt och sociala miljöer i förhållande till temat ’gott mot ont’, presenteras dessa karaktärersutveckling som ett resultat av kontrasterande omgivning. Uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att dessakaraktärer utvecklas i de sista romanerna och gör medvetna val för att uppnå det gemensammamålet till att bekämpa det onda, trots deras motsatta bakgrunder.
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Beckman, Stellan. "Vit men inte svensk : Andra generationens sverigefinnar i den svenska vithetens marginal." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Etnologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-36542.
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The following thesis explores the racialisation of second generation sweden finns in contemporary Sweden. This is done by applying a theoretical framework from critical race and whiteness studies on 8 interviews with second generation sweden finns. Especially the concept of the margins of whiteness has been of importance for the following study, which allows the analysis to consider both marginality and privilege. The analysis focus on the intersection of the variables of ethnicity, class and race, which allows the racialised position of the 8 informants in the study to be outlined. While the themes of ethnicity and class have ocurred in previous research, the study of race and in particular whiteness, have yet to be applied on sweden finns. As will be revealed through the analysis, there are good reasons to consider Sweden finns as belonging within the margin of swedish whiteness. While there are signs that sweden finns have a position of marginality within swedish society the informants in this study can pass for swedes thanks to being racialised as white in everyday contexts.Följande masteruppsats undersöker andra generationens sverigefinnars rasifierade position i den svenska vitheten. Detta görs genom att applicera ett teoretiskt ramverk grundat i kritiska ras och vithetsstudier på 8 intervjuer med andra generationens sverigefinnar. Särskilt begreppet vithetens marginal är av betydelse för studiens analys eftersom det har gett analysen möjlighet att analysera privilegier och marginalitet samtidigt. I analysen ligger främst fokus på tre variabler i form av etnicitet, klass och ras, vilket gör det möjligt att måla ut den rasifierade position som studiens 8 informanter har i den svenska vitheten. Emedan teman kring etnicitet och klass varit vanliga inom tidigare forskning kring sverigefinnar, har studiet av ras och med detta vithet, varit frånvarande inom forskningsfältet kring sverigefinnar. Som vi kommer att se i analysen finns det mycket som talar för att sverigefinnar befinner sig i den svenska vithetens marginal. Även om sverigefinnar kan sägas ha en marginell position i det svenska samhället, har de informanter som återfinns i följande studie möjlighet att passera som svenskar eftersom de rasifieras som vita i vardagssammanhang.
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Sundberg, Linnéa, and Ellen Simón. "Mångfald eller bortfall? : En kvalitativ studie om hur ras framställs i Försvarsmaktens reklamfilmer." Thesis, Jönköping University, HLK, Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-51858.
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The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to study how race is represented in four of Försvarsmakten’s video commercials published between 2016 and 2020. Försvarsmakten is a Swedish authority that in recent years has focused on increasing gender and ethnic equality within the organization, which interests us to examine if and how their efforts are transformed in their marketing communication. Considering media’s influence on the ideals and norms that exist in our society, media representations make an interesting and important area to critically study and question. Especially as previous research has shown that ethnic minorities are underrepresented or portrayed in a stereotypical or negative way that upholds racial discrimination, both in media and in reality. The aim of this essay is therefore to study if there is a difference in the representation of white people and people of color (POC) in the selected video commercials, as well as to interpret potential underlying messages and ideologies. The theory and method that will be applied is postcolonial theory and multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA). A positive tendency is shown in the final results with both white people and POC acting in leading roles and background roles. However, there is no interaction between whites and POC in any scene, and in most cases they are represented in homogeneous groups which can indicate segregation. Further on we can distinguish a difference among the roles that the characters play. Whereas POC are portrayed as civilians in all commercials, white people are portrayed as soldiers in two of the commercials. The commercials are seen as inclusive to some extent, but they don’t fully represent an integrated and equal society from a multicultural perspective. Rather, they give the impression of focusing more on gender equality within the organization as women frequently are pictured in the commercials, even as soldiers
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Sointula, Anna. "Ancient Human Reconstructions and aDNA : Is there an ethical dilemma?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-417058.
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In recent years, archaeogenetic studies have been widely discussed in popular media and they have raised many questions, especially regarding cultural identity and ethnicity. This thesis discusses reconstructions based on ancient human remains and how they are related to the current academic hegemony and political circumstances in Europe. People of Britain have reacted particularly strongly to the reconstruction of the Cheddar Man, exhibited in the Natural History Museum in London. Based on this and few other reconstructions of ancient individuals, the ethical issues behind human reconstructions are analyzed and how museums and popular media as the public spaces displaying these pieces of art should deal with such issues as cultural heritage, human origins, and identity.Under de senaste åren har arkeogenetiska studier diskuterats allmänt i populära media och de har väckta väckts många frågor speciellt kring kulturell identitet och etnicitet. Denna studie diskuterar rekonstruktioner baserat på forntida mänskliga kvarlevor och hur de är relaterade till den nuvarande akademiska hegemonin och den politiska omständigheter i Europa. Människor i Storbritannien har reagerat särskilt starkt på rekonstruktionen av Cheddar-mannen, utställd i ”Natural History Museum” i London. Med utgångspunkt i denna och ytterligare några rekonstruktioner av forntida individer analyseras etiska frågor bakom mänskliga rekonstruktioner och hur museer och populära medier ska hanterar frågor om kulturarv, mänskligt ursprung och identitet.
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Sewell, John Ike Jr. ""Don't Believe the Hype": The Construction and Export of African American Images in Hip-Hop Culture." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2193.
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This study examines recurring motifs and personas in hip-hop.
Interviews with influential hip-hop scholars, writers and music industry personnel were conducted and analyzed using qualitative methods. Interview subjects were selected based on their insider knowledge as music critics, hip-hop scholars, ethnomusicologists, publicists, and music industry positions.
The vast majority of constructed imagery in hip-hop is based on a single persona, the gangsta. This qualitative analysis reveals why gangsta personas and motifs have become the de facto imagery of hip-hop. Gangsta imagery is repeatedly presented because it sells, it is the most readily-available role, and because of music industry pressures.
This study is significant because gangsta imagery impacts African American social knowledge and the generalized perception of blackness. Gangsta imagery has also served to alienate black culture and has caused rifts in the African American community.
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Bergström, Jennie. "En jämställd värld? : Innehållsanalys av The Times, Svenska Dagbladet och Iran Times International." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Communication and Design, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2169.
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This study examined by content analysis and semiotic picture analysis how gender equal the UK newspaper The Times, the U.S/Iranian nespaper Iran Times International and Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet were May 1st 2009 and May 8th 2009. The study had a foundation of feminist theory about patriarchy and gender theory with a contribution of research about race and its impact on patriarchy.
None of the three papers were fully gender equal. Even though Svenska Dagbladet was found to be the most gender equal when it came to the number of women represented all of the newspapers examined showed patriachal structures since women more often than men were described as victimes, trivialized, incompetent and inferior. People with a race other than white were in minority but patriarchy seems to be a stronger form of oppression than racism. White men were in majority and were less opressed than other groups and were because of that most in favour of the newspapers symbolic powers.
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Berggren, Kalle. "Reading Rap : Feminist Interventions in Men and Masculinity Research." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229518.
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The present thesis explores how masculinity is constructed and negotiated in relation to race, class and sexuality in hip hop in Sweden. Theoretically, the study contributes to the increasing use of contemporary feminist theory in men and masculinity research. In so doing, it brings into dialogue poststructuralist feminism, feminist phenomenology, intersectionality and queer theory. These theoretical perspectives are put to use in a discourse analysis of rap lyrics by 38 rap artists in Sweden from the period 1991-2011. The thesis is based on the following four articles: Sticky masculinity: Post-structuralism, phenomenology and subjectivity in critical studies on men explores how poststructuralist feminism and feminist phenomenology can advance the understanding of subjectivity within men and masculinity research. Drawing on Sara Ahmed, and offering re-readings of John Stoltenberg and Victor Seidler, the article develops the notion of “sticky masculinity”. Degrees of intersectionality: Male rap artists in Sweden negotiating class, race and gender analyzes how class, race, gender, and to some extent sexuality, intersect in rap lyrics by male artists. It shows how critiques of class and race inequalities in these lyrics intersect with normative notions of gender and sexuality. Drawing on this empirical analysis, the article suggests that the notion of “degrees of intersectionality” can be helpful in thinking about masculinity from an intersectional perspective. ‘No homo’: Straight inoculations and the queering of masculinity in Swedish hip hop explores the boundary work performed by male artists regarding sexuality categories. In particular, it analyzes how heterosexuality is sustained, given the affection expressed among male peers. To this end, the article develops the notion of “straight inoculations” to account for the rhetorical means by which heterosexual identities are sustained in a contested terrain. Hip hop feminism in Sweden: Intersectionality, feminist critique and female masculinity investigates lyrics by female artists in the male-dominated hip hop genre. The analysis shows how critique of gender inequality is a central theme in these lyrics, ranging from the hip hop scene to politics and men’s violence against women. The article also analyzes how female rappers both critique and perform masculinity.
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Lindsay, Melanie Marie. "WHO YOU CALLIN' A BITCH? A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE IMAGES USED TO PORTRAY AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMEN IN RAP MUSIC." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/336.
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Rap music has been a major force in American culture since the 1970s. It can be political, uplifting, and celebratory. It can also be misogynistic and degrading to women, the focus of the current research. This paper begins with a brief history of the importance of music in the African American community. It then provides a history of rap music and major influences on its development through the decades. A systematic comparison of Billboard’s top 5 rap videos for 2004 and 2014 follows. This section, the core analysis, compares the lyrical and visual content in terms of the representation of African American women. Findings reveal three stereotypes—Jezebel, Sapphire, and Mammy/“Baby Mama”—dominate the presentation of African American women in the videos. Based on these three stereotypes, the videos present African American women as greedy, dishonest, sex objects, with no respect for themselves or others, including the children under their care. The women in the videos are scorned by men and exist to bring pleasure to them. Differences between 2004 and 2014 with respect to misogyny and degradation of a group that has historically suffered from dual disadvantage—because of both race and gender—are minimal. This research is a call to action to pay close attention to rap songs and rap music videos and to demand change both from rap artists and the companies that back them.
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Rosell, Anna. "Hur visualiseras etnisk mångfald i de fotografier som finns på Helsingborgs kommuns hemsida?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-43360.
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Uppsatsen fokuserar på hur ras och etnicitet representeras visuellt i de fotografier som finns på Helsingborgs kommuns hemsida. En kvantitativ innehållsanalys utförs för att kartlägga hur ras och etnicitet visualiseras i materialet och sedan sätts detta i relation till Helsingborgs faktiska invånare och Helsingborgs kommuns egna riktlinjer för visuell identitet. Studien kompletteras sedan med en kvalitativ semiotisk- och diskursanalys för att tolka innehållet i bilder under olika sektioner och deras betydelse, samt vad de representerar i den kontext de används och intertextuellt. Resultatet och analysen diskuteras och problematiseras sedan för att belysa problemområdet ytterligare med ändamålet att besvara frågeställningen och uppfylla syftet med forskningen. Studien grundar sig i teorier kring framförallt postkolonialism och representation, där identitet, stereotyper, vithet, ras och etnicitet är viktiga teoretiska beståndsdelar. Forskningen lyfter en brist på mångfald och inkludering i de fotografiska bilder som finns på Helsingborg.se och belyser den problematik som finns i den större bilden som en kollektion av bilder gemensamt skapar i sin intertextualitet. Den visuella analysen visar ett särskilt anmärkningsvärt resultat där flertalet vardagliga sektioner på hemsidan helt exkluderade en variation i etnisk mångfald bland människorna i bilderna, till fördel för vit, västerländsk överrepresentation, vilket potentiellt bidrar till och uppmuntrar exkludering, utanförskap och segregation.The research focuses on how race and ethnicity is represented visually in the photographs available on Helsingborg municipality's website. A quantitative content analysis was carried out to map how race and ethnicity are visualized in the material and then put this in relation to Helsingborg's actual inhabitants and Helsingborg's municipalities own guidelines for visual identity. The study is then supplemented with a qualitative semiotic and discourse analysis to interpret the content in the images under different sections on the website and their significance, as well as what they represent in the context in which they are used and also in their intertextually. The result and the analysis are then discussed and problematized to shed further light on the problem area with the purpose of answering the main research question and fulfilling the purpose of the research. The study is based on theories about primarily postcolonialism and representation, where identity, stereotypes, whiteness, race and ethnicity are important theoretical components. The research highlights a lack of diversity and inclusion in the photographic images that exist on Helsingborg.se and point out the problems that exist in the larger image that a collection of images jointly creates in their intertextuality. The visual analysis shows a particularly remarkable result where many everyday sections on the website completely excluded variation in ethnic diversity among people in the images, in favor of white, Western overrepresentation, which potentially contributes to and encourages exclusion, seclusion and segregation.
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Borglin, John. "Makt och maktlöshet i Onåd : En studie om hur J.M. Coetzees roman Onåd kan användas i svenskundervisningens jämställdhetsarbete." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för film och litteratur (IFL), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-92790.
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Denna studies syfte och forskningsfråga är att undersöka och besvara hur J.M. Coetzees roman Onåd kan förstås med utgångspunkt i de intersektionella kategorierna kön, ras och klass samt hur man som pedagog kan tillämpa romanen i den svenska gymnasieskolan för att diskutera och undervisa om jämställdhet och människors lika värde. För att nå syftet och frågeställningen undersöks kritiska delar av romanen med hjälp av diskursanalys. Tidigare forskning används också för att undersöka romanen. Metoden är utvald för att synliggöra de strukturer som omger karaktärerna i romanen och handlingsutrymmet de får. Romanen undersöks sedan intersektionellt för att påvisa hur kön, ras och klass påverkar människors livsvillkor. Analysen bedrivs med målet att påvisa hur romanen kan användas för undervisning om människors lika värde och jämställdhet. Resultatet visar att diskursanalysen är ett bra sätt att närma sig romanen genom, för att undervisa om jämställdhet och människors lika värde. Om läraren undervisar med hjälp av diskursanalys lyfts diskussionen om romanen till att handla om hur uttryck och handlingar påverkar och fastställer människors handlingsutrymmen. Det ger även en förståelse för hur människor positioneras i en diskurs. Eleverna får genom detta en möjlighet att se och förstå hur uttryck och handlingar placerar människor i olika makthierarkiska positioner, och att detta inte behöver spegla människans faktiska kvalitéer eller kunskaper. Så småningom kan denna förståelse användas för atti frågasätta stereotyper och normer som förtrycker människor. Genom Skolverkets ämnesspecifika formulering som handlar om att förstå människors livsvillkor med hjälp av litteratur kan läraren nå den ämnesövergripande formuleringen som handlar om att främja jämställdhet och människans lika värde.
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Åkerlund, Josefine. "Experiences of Social Inequalities Related to Skin Colour Enhaced by Fashion Magazines in South Africa : A case study on how women in South Africa identify themselves in relation to the representation of race in South African fashion magazines." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19485.
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This study was carried out during the spring of 2013 in Cape Town, South Africa with a Minor Field Study (MFS) scholarship funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). South Africa is a country with a complex society due to the still recent history of Apartheid. South Africa faces great challenges with the gap between rich and poor, high unemployment and deep expertise gaps between the white minority and the historically disadvantaged coloureds and black majority. As a result the contemporary situation is extensive segregation and difficulties for the multicultural population to conduct a common cultural identity. The aim of this study was to find out how four South African issues of international fashion magazines deals with the representation of black, white and coloured people. Furthermore, to find out how South African women from socially diverse areas experience and perceive this representation. Quantitative content analysis, connotative and denotative picture analysis and the conduction of interviews was made in order to reach a result. Consequently, it turned out that the investigated magazines do not present a fair and equal representation of the South African society, hence highly over representing the white minority in each magazine. Additionally, South African women do not describe the fashion magazines as presenting an equal representation of race, neither that a reality based ideal is being conveyed.
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Forsell, Gustaf. "Klerikal fascism : En deskriptiv innehållsanalys av Sveriges Religiösa Reformförbund, 1929-1950." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Religionshistoria, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-323871.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine how Christianity and fascism can be concatenated. The thesis has been conducted as a descriptive content analysis of the Swedish Association of Religious Reform (Sveriges Religiösa Reformförbund), established in 1929. In order to identify the Association’s socio-theological project and agenda, a Foucauldian inspired social constructionism theory has been applied. This thesis argues that by relying on a mission to ‘complete’ the Lutheran Reformation, which considered religion and culture alike, the Association’s struggle for a religious ‘rebirth’ also referred to the rebirth of Swedish culture and society. This assumption was correlated with contemporary conceptions of ‘race’ and Jews, culminating into the perception of Jesus as a masculine Aryan ideal.
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Asllani, Blerina, and Sharon Arzaghi. "Diskriminering i marknadsföring : En studie om vilken påverkandiskriminering i marknadsföring har på konsumenters attityd, förtroende och lojalitetgentemot ett varumärke." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26600.
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Samtidigt som företag försöker bygga relationer till sina konsumenter sker det ibland misstag i kommunikationen som påverkar konsumenternas uppfattning om varumärket. Detta kan exempelvis ske i form av avsiktlig eller oavsiktlig diskriminering i marknadsföring. Tidigare studier har undersökt detta och kommit fram till att reklam ofta diskriminerar människor utifrån bland annat hudfärg, ras och kön. Dock finns det ett gap i litteraturen om hur sådan marknadsföring faktiskt påverkar konsumenter. Syftet med denna studie är därmed att undersöka vilken effekt diskriminerande marknadsföring har på konsumenters attityd, förtroende och lojalitet gentemot ett varumärke. För att genomföra undersökningen tillämpades en kvantitativ insamlingsmetod i form av en enkät. Totalt samlades det in 127 giltiga svar. Resultatet visar att konsumenters attityd, förtroende och lojalitet gentemot ett varumärke påverkas negativt när de exponeras fördiskriminerande reklam. Även ålder visar sig ha en effekt på hur diskriminerandemarknadsföring uppfattas där ju äldre en konsument är, desto mindre diskriminerande uppfattas reklam. Ålder har dock ingen påverkan på hur attityd, förtroende och lojalitet gentemot ett företag påverkas vid exponeringen av diskriminerande marknadsföring. Slutsatsen som dras i denna studie är att diskriminerande marknadsföring har en negativ effekt på konsumenters attityd, förtroende och lojalitet gentemot ett varumärke. Attityd visar sig påverkas mest negativt, följt av förtroende och sedan lojalitet. Denna studie är skriven på svenska.While companies try to build a relationship with consumers, mistakes may happen in their communication which can affect the consumers’ perception of the brand. This may occur in the shape of intentional or unintentional discrimination in advertising. Prior studies have examined this and stated that people often are discriminated in advertising based on factors like race and gender. There is however a gap in literature as to how this actually affects consumers when they are exposed to discrimination in marketing. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine what impact discrimination in marketing has on consumers’ attitude, trust and loyalty towards a brand. To conduct this study, a quantitative collection method was used in form of an online questionnaire. This resulted in a total of 127 valid answers. The results showed that consumers’ attitude, trust and loyalty against a brand was negatively affected when exposed to discrimination in marketing. Even age showed to have an effect where the older a consumer is, the less discriminatory was the advertisement perceived. Age however did not have an impact on how attitude, trust and loyalty against a brand was affected when exposed to discrimination in marketing. Conclusions for this study is that discriminating marketing has a negative effect on consumers’ attitude, trust and loyalty towards a brand. Whereas attitude was shown to have the most negative effect, followed by trust and loyalty. This study is written in Swedish.
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Behrami, Drilon. "Maskulinitet, ras och identitet i J. Coles studioalbum 4 Your Eyez Only : Nutidshistoria, kollektivt minne och intersektionalitet i samtida hiphopmusik." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97930.
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This study examines intersectionality and identity in rapper Jermaine Lamarr Cole’s studio album 4 Your Eyez Only. Through discourse analysis, the essay studies the representation of aspects of identity in the album, with a focus on gender, race, class and sexuality. The study also examines prosthetic memory in the album, with the intention of finding correlating narratives that create a general concensus of how society is viewed from marginalised groups in the US. The findings conclude that gender, race and class are expressed as the main buildingblocks for a characters identity in the album. It is telling that sexuality remains untouched in this regard. The reader is exclusively exposed to the normative heterosexual perspective, completely ignoring any notion of varied sexual orientations. Furthermore the findings conclude that J. Cole showcases a generally negative view on the govornment, as it is percieved as one of many instances keeping marginalised groups at the bottom of a societal foodchain
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Andersson, Jesper. "Rasdefinition i förändring : En kvalitativ textanalys av svenska uppslagsverks framställning av folk (ras) i Afrika, Asien och Orienten, under perioden 1845-2020." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-81953.
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The use of encyclopedias has since their entry in Sweden, played a central role in communicating and defining knowledge to society. This essay examines the representation of peoples (race) in Africa, Asia and the Orient in encyclopedias between 1845-2020. The essay aims to explain and show how several selected concepts have changed in the encyclopedias’ descriptions over time in Sweden. The results show that the encyclopedias were highly influenced by racial biology and scientific racism the further back in time the encyclopedias were issued. People from Africa, Asia and the Orient were described with external characteristics and at times associated with different psychic characteristics. Through the representation of appearance, at times presented as different and foreign, one can see a construction between “we” and “the others”. The encyclopedias also made descriptions of people with generalizing derogatory concepts that were imbued by racism and dogmatic views on the different. Descriptions of peoples appearance and character traits were something that gradually disappeared over time.
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Rosas, Blanch Faye, and faye blanch@flinders edu au. "Nunga rappin: talkin the talk, walkin the walk: Young Nunga males and Education." Flinders University. Yunggorendi First Nations Centre, 2009. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20090226.102604.
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Abstract
This thesis acknowledges the social and cultural importance of education and the role
the institution plays in the construction of knowledge in this case of young Nunga
males. It also recognizes that education is a contested field. I have disrupted
constructions of knowledge about young Nunga males in mainstream education by
mapping and rapping - or mappin and rappin Aboriginal English - the theories of
race, masculinity, performance, cultural capital, body and desire and space and place
through the use of Nunga time-space pathways. Through disruption I have shown
how the theories of race and masculinity underpin ways in which Blackness and
Indignity are played out within the racialisation of education and how the process of
racialisation informs young Nunga males experiences of schooling. The cultural
capital that young Nunga males bring to the classroom and schooling environment
must be acknowledged to enable performance of agency in contested time, space and
knowledge paradigms. Agency privileges their understanding and desire for change
and encourages them to apply strategies that contribute to their own journeys home
through time-space pathways that are (at least in part) of their own choosing.
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Grimbeek, Marjorie. "Beginsels vir die doeltreffende toepassing van voorligting in multikulturele skole / Marjorie Grimbeek." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9307.
Full textAbstract:
In a changing South Africa with a new education system, it has become necessary to determine
the degree to which multicultural guidance is provided in secondary schools.
The aim of the research was to:
• Identify by means of a literature study, the principles of multicultural guidance in a
number of countries abroad;
• determine empirically, the degree to which the principles of guidance are applied in
multicultural schools in the Gauteng Province.
To this end concepts such as culture, ethnicity, race, racism, multicultural education,
guidance and multicultural guidance had to be described. An historical approach to multicultural
education and the research with regard to multicultural guidance were described at
length. The development of school guidance in multicultural schools in South Africa was
subsequently discussed in more detail, especially the implementation of an effective guidance
programme in multicultural schools. An in-depth discussion with regard to the principles
of guidance in general and of multicultural guidance in particular, as well as guidance in
multicultural schools, were highlighted.
An empirical investigation was done by means of frequency tables, correlation coefficients
and factor analyses. These were subsequently interpreted:
The most important finding was that multicultural guidance in secondary schools does not
receive its due. Several deficiencies were identified in this regard. It is recommended that the
Gauteng Education Department should pay specific attention to specialised training programmes
in that province.
The time has come that the Head of Department : Guidance/Guidance teacher should make
certain theoretical as well as practical changes to guidance. Multicultural guidance should be
ethically-founded. Multicultural perspectives should be built into education, and specifically
into guidance programmes.
Each person should realise that South Africa and especially education, are moving towards a
multicultural future and this requires acceptance and acknowledgement of each other, regardless of culture.Thesis (MEd)--PU for CHE, 1998
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Mays, Nicholas S. "`WHAT WE GOT TO SAY:’ RAP AND HIP HOP’S SOCIAL MOVEMENT AGAINST THE CARCERAL STATE & CRIME POLITICS IN THE AGE OF RONALD REAGAN’S WAR ON DRUGS." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1627656723125548.
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Liliequist, Christian. "Kan man skämta om det här? : En kulturanalytisk studie av svensk ståuppkomik." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-176394.
Full textAbstract:
Stand-up comedy has become increasingly popular in Sweden in the late 20th and early 21st centuries. The jokes of stand-up comedians are reflections of contemporary cultural notions and discourses. Stand-up comedy can also be seen as a form a cultural free zone where one is allowed to express oneself in ways that are not possible in other public contexts. In this study I am investigating how Swedish stand-up comedians relate to cultural notions about gender, sexuality, ethnicity/race, places, age, disabilities, social class and mental illness. By applying an intersectional perspective I am able to show how various power structures can interact and strengthen each other. The main empirical material consists of three observations at different stand-up comedy clubs and four interviews with stand-up comedians. By using cultural analysis as an analysis method I am showing how stand-up comedy both reflects and is affected by larger structural patterns and discourses in society. My analysis shows that stand-up comedians are both reproducing and challenging normative cultural notions. A variety of theoretical concepts are used to analyse how standup comedians are joking about prevailing cultural notions. For example am I using gender theories to analyse jokes about notions of gender and sexuality while postcolonial concepts as well as theories about racification are applied in the analysis of jokes connected to cultural notions about race and ethnicity. In some of the jokes different cultural notions are intertwined. Furthermore I am analysing how the stand-up comedians are reflecting over what they are allowed to joke about, depending on their own background and experiences as well as how they are relating to different discourses. Stand-up comedy is still dominated by a masculine discourse that has only recently been challenged by a feminist discourse, which stand-up comedians relate to in different ways. How stand-up comedians navigate between political correctness and the discourse that comedians should be able to joke about everything is also part of my investigation. Finally, I am analysing different comic strategies used by the stand-up comedians in their performances, which affect how they are joking about various cultural notions. Some comedians are joking about themselves in a self-deprecatory way while others invites the audience to join the perspective of an assumed normative community to make jokes about what makes other groups different.
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Todorovic, Tijana. "Between Equality and Discrimination : A policy analysis of the EU Framework for national Roma integration strategies up to 2020." Thesis, Enskilda Högskolan Stockholm, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ths:diva-282.
Full textAbstract:
The EU Framework for National Roma Integration Strategies up to 2020, is a policy that seeks to integrate Roma in the fields of education, employment, healthcare and housing, and to combat and prevent discrimination and promote equality. The problem formulation that motivates this study is the phenomenon of discrimination that Roma population experience on the soil of European Union, funded on the principles of equality and non-discrimination. The aim of this paper is to carry out a policy analysis of the EU Framework with the goal to reveal in what ways the policy aims to combat discrimination and promote equality for Roma, the largest minority in the EU. Theoretical framework relies on the principle of equality and its influence on discrimination in the context of human rights. This research carries out a qualitative case study of Roma, in combination with policy analysis as method. Results found, after conducted analysis, shows that the EU Framework doesn’t generate a rich concept of equality that can prevent, and combat discrimination based on racial and ethnic origin of Roma. The EU Framework doesn’t concretize various forms of discrimination towards Roma, nor address the phenomenon of anti-gypsyism as a main barrier to Roma inclusion.EU-ramverk för nationella strategier för romsk inkludering fram till 2020 är en policy som åsyftar till att integrera Romer inom områden för utbildning, sysselsättning, hälso- och sjukvård samt bostäder. Ramverket söker att bekämpa diskriminering och främja jämställdhet. Problemformuleringen som denna studie vilar på är diskrimineringen som romer utsätts för i EU. Syftet med denna studie är att genomföra en policy analys av EU:s ramverk med målet att avslöja på vilka sätt policyn syftar till att bekämpa diskriminering av Romer och främja jämställdhet. Teorin bygger på principen om jämlikhet, vilket hjälper till att undersöka de konkreta sätten som diskriminering kan bekämpas på med rätten till jämlik behandling i mänskliga rättigheters kontext. Denna studie är en kvalitativ fallstudie av Romer i kombination med policy analys av EU:s ramverk. Resultatet visar att EU:s ramverk inte genererar en omfattande jämställdhetsprincip som är tillräcklig för att förebygga och bekämpa diskriminering av Romer. EU:s ramverk konkretiserar inte olika former av diskriminering som romer upplever i sina dagliga liv. Policyn behandlar inte heller fenomenet anti-ziganism som ett huvudhinder för inkluderingen av romer.
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Lännström, Kristina. ""All mixed up in it" : En intersektionell läsning av William Faulkners The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying och Sanctuary." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29838.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is an intersectional reading of William Faulkner’s novels The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930) and Sanctuary (1931). This paper employs theories of masculinity and queer theory to examine the masculinities in the novels and their connection to blackness. It proceeds from Judith Butler’s book Bodies that Matter. The thesis focuses on the mixture of race, class, gender and sexuality in the novels. I claim that race sometimes is a mask for gender, class and sexuality in these texts. I argue that certain white characters are depicted as Afro-Americans because of their unmanly behavior and/or queer sexuality or low class. For masculinity theory I have used Jørgen Lorentzen and Claes Ekenstam’s concept of manly and unmanly, described in the anthology Män i Norden Manlighet och modernitet 1840-1940. I have also used Craig Thompson Friend’s Southern Masculinity: Perspectives on manhood in the South since Reconstruction and WJ Cash’s The Mind of the South. For the queer theory, I have used Judith Butler’s theories described in Gendertrouble and Bodies that Matter.Den här uppsatsen är en intersektionell läsning av William Faulkners romaner The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930) och Sanctuary (1931). Den här uppsatsen använder sig av maskulinitetsteori och queerteori för att undersöka maskuliniteterna i romanerna och deras förbindelse till svarthet. Den utgår från Judith Butlers bok Bodies that Matter. Uppsatsen fokuserar på blandningen av ras, klass, genus och sexualitet i texterna. Jag påstår att ras ibland agerar som en mask för genus, klass och sexualitet i de här texterna. Jag menar att vissa vita romanfigurer skildras som afroamerikaner på grund av sitt omanliga beteende och/eller queera sexualitet eller låga klass. Till maskulinitetsteorin har jag använt mig av Jørgen Lorentzen och Claes Ekenstams begrepp manlig och omanlig, beskrivna i antologin Män i Norden Manlighet och modernitet 1840-1940. Jag har även använt Craig Thomson Friends Southern Masculinity: Perspectives on manhood in the South since Reconstruction och WJ Cashs The Mind of the South. Till queer teorin har jag använt Judith Butlers teorier beskrivna i Gendertrouble och Bodies that Matter.
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jacobs, Melissa 1968. "Job insecurity: assessment, causes and consequences in a South African gold mining group." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9066.
Full textAbstract:
Job insecurity in the workplace has become an increasingly important trend in organisational research. The appraisal of job insecurity by individuals plays a significant part in how reactions manifest in the experiences of workplace stressors, job satisfaction, positive and negative work attributes and social support. However, there is a lack of research regarding specific workplace stressors at work leading to certain outcomes like safety behaviour, turnover intention and mental health, especially within a South African working context. Job insecurity has also been classified as a workplace stressor. The existence of other stressors tends to increase the ultimate effect of insecurity for the individual. The attempts from organisational management to manage this phenomenon are therefore crucial in decreasing the negative effects of job insecurity and increasing the productivity of the organisation. In order to measure the job insecurity levels of employees, it is important to make use of valid and reliable job insecurity measures. An absence of empirical research on validity and reliability studies in terms of job insecurity in South African is evident.
The main objectives of this research were: 1) to establish the psychometric properties of a measure of job insecurity in a selected gold mining company in South Africa; 2) to determine the influence of job insecurity and work stress (i.e. role conflict, clarity and overload) on worker safety performance and if coping could moderate this; 3) to investigate the theoretical and empirical relationships between job stressors (task completion ambiguity and task quality ambiguity), competency demands, employability perceptions, job satisfaction and turnover intention over time, and 4) to investigate if social support has a mediating effect between positive interpersonal attributes, negative interpersonal attributes, job insecurity and subsequent health.
To achieve the first objective, a cross-sectional design was used (N = 566), including various business units of a South African-based gold mining company. The assessment of the psychometric properties of a measure of quantitative and qualitative job insecurity for employees was determined through construct (structural) equivalence, exploratory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to calculate the comparison of the factor structure for the different cultural groups. For qualitative job insecurity, the scale shows low equivalence for the African languages group. Statistically significant differences were found between the levels of job insecurity of employees in terms of gender.
The second objective, concerning the investigation into the relationship of work stress and job insecurity with unsafe behaviour at work, was achieved with across-sectional survey design (N = 771). The hypothesised model included the influence of role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, and job insecurity on unsafe work behaviour. Coping was introduced as a moderator in this relationship. The results indicated that when employees experience work stress and job insecurity, their safety compliance is low. This relationship was also moderated by a coping strategy of Avoidance.
To achieve the third objective, a longitudinal study was conducted and data was gathered by means of an electronic survey, with 771 employees participating at Time 1, and 345 participating at Time 2. Results for predicting employees’ turnover intentions, experience of task completion and quality ambiguity, external employability and job satisfaction made a direct contribution in predicting their turnover intention. No mediating role of job satisfaction between job stressors, competency demands and employability perceptions on the one hand and turnover intentions on the other hand, were found.
Addressing the fourth objective in investigating the moderating role of social support between the relationship of experiencing positive interpersonal (communication with the manager and feedback), negative interpersonal experiences (powerlessness and interpersonal conflict), job insecurity (quantitative and qualitative) and health, was met with a longitudinal random sample of employees in different business units in one selected multi-national mining company based in South Africa (N = 771). Results for these employees indicated that all the proposed variables, except feedback from the manager, were statistically significantly related to health. No moderating effect for social support could be found over time, but it was shown that interpersonal conflict at work is a longitudinal predictor of employee health.
By way of conclusion, the implications of the research were discussed and recommendations for managers and for future research were made.Thesis (PhD (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Perry, Marc David Gordon Edmund Tayloe. "Los Raperos rap, race, and social transformation in contemporary Cuba /." 2004. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1387/perrym93492.pdf.
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Perry, Marc David. "Los Raperos : rap, race, and social transformation in contemporary Cuba /." Thesis, 2004. http://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2004/perrym93492/perrym93492.pdf#page=3.
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Vítková, Veronika. "Léčení ran kolonizovaného těla: Vzdorné psaní v dílech britsko-karibských spisovatelek 21. století." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328785.
Full textAbstract:
Healing the Wounds of the Colonised Body: Writing Back in Twenty-first-century Works by British Caribbean Women Writers Thesis abstract Veronika Vítková Black women`s position within the world of male superiority and white supremacy came to be characterised by the term "double colonisation". Both patriarchal and imperial social order focused on their corporeality to justify their subjugation. Accordingly, black women writers came to conceptualise their experience of colonisation and slavery as wounds suffered by the black female body. They thereby use the master`s tools to dismantle the master`s house. Their "writing back" - a means of healing the body - constitutes a multi-level response to both sets of mythologies as well as other types of marginalisation and othering, which the two involved, such as sexual, territorial or discursive. It results in the construction of a complex space - a healing vision - which is not dissimilar to Homi Bhabha`s empowering theoretical concepts. However, while providing such progressive literary vision, black women writers also maintain connection with reality, where, as Gayatri Spivak argued, there is no space from where the subaltern sexed subject can speak. Their broad historical and geographical perspective, which is a product of the multi-levelness of their oppression,...
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Garrett-Scott, Shennette Monique. ""He ran his business like a white man" : race, entrepreneurship, and the early National Negro Business League in the New South." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/30160.
Full textAbstract:
Booker T. Washington organized the National Negro Business League (NNBL) in 1900, and it became the largest and most influential black business organization for much of the twentieth century. Enterprising black men and women in the NNBL linked their entrepreneurial activities to a modern, progressive social and political agenda. They relied on discourses of race, nation, and business that were both modern, radical, and progressive and traditional, conservative, and reactionary. The thesis moves beyond prosaic debates about the efficacy of black business and black economic nationalism to consider how black entrepreneurs in the NNBL interacted with the material and cultural dimensions of the political economy. A disconnect often existed between the grand ambitions of the executive leadership and the intrigues of the local league membership. Race and entrepreneurship drew attention to lapses in the rhetoric of progress and change in the New South. Finally, it looks at interracial cooperation and conflict in the NNBL. By privileging blacks' struggles for liberation, the thesis enhances understanding about the many ways blacks struggled to strike a tenable balance between personal agency and structural constraints.text
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Chimba, Musonda Mabuza. "The role of rap performance in reinforcing or challenging participants' perceptions of 'race' in post-apartheid South Africa, Durban." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9497.
Full textAbstract:
This ethnographic study concerns itself with the role that local rap performance plays
in either reinforcing or challenging perceptions of 'race' amongst the participants of
hip-hop culture in Durban, South Africa, and what this implies for the prospects of
reconciliation. Using Cohen's (1989) theory of community and Grossberg's (1996)
theory of affective alliances, I explore the ways in which music may create and
maintain differences and commonalities between groups of people. It is my
hypothesis that genre conventions and connotations, and the discourses that circulate
about rap music (for example, rap music as a form of expression particular to the
'black Atlantic' diaspora and conditioned by a racially segregated society [Rose
1994]), allow hip-hop to either reinforce or challenge participants' perceptions of
'race'. I examine how musical and lyrical utterances thrust into a semantic historical
and socio-political context limit how rap performance can mean and how, as a
dialogic speech genre, rap can uphold, subvert or negotiate its genre associations,
including, through the use of double-voiced discourse, dominant ideas concerning
'race' and cultural identity.
Acknowledging the idiom as of a form of black cultural expression (Rose 1994),
interviewees mention narratives of hip-hop's historical origins, rap artists' use of Five
Percenter and Black Nationalist ideologies, and poverty, as factors that either
reinforce or challenge notions of 'race'. The simultaneous transgression of and/or
adherence to, racialized space and spatialized 'race' (Forman 2002) by different
'races', as well as the presence or absence of multilingualism, are viewed as
indicators of the level of commitment to the notion of a democratic place for all 'race'
and language groups in post-apartheid South Africa. It is the aim of this thesis to add
to the body of knowledge concerning the nature of our post-apartheid identities, what
influences them and in what way. And in a broader context, to explore the role of
music in societies in transition and the role it might play in facilitating an ability to
'imagine culture beyond the colour line' (Gilroy 2000).Thesis (M.Mus.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
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Kok, Illasha. "Psychological well-being, race and school setting : a comparative study among South African teachers in the SABPA study / Illasha Kok." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11178.
Full textAbstract:
Teaching is a stressful occupation. Teacher stress can be described as the experiences by
teachers of psychological distress such as anxiety, depression and nervousness and languishing,
resulting from aspects of their workload and school setting. Stress manifests itself in various
ways including psychological, emotional, and social changes. Teachers demonstrate individual
discrepancies in their responses to stressors. South Africa is as a multicultural environment with
previously segregated school settings based on race. Research revealed that it is possible that the
functionality of schools, usually related to school setting, has implications for the psychological
well-being of teachers.
As comparative study between group White teacher-Black teacher data are limited, this
study analysed aspects of psychological well-being to show that race, associated with school
setting, can be pervasive determinate of positive mental health. The current study, which is a
secondary analysis of the Sympathetic Activity and Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Africans
(SABPA) 2008-2009 data, aimed at explaining the similarities and differences by identifying
aspects most likely to influence psychological well-being between a White teacher group and a
Black teacher group in the North West Province in South Africa.
One research question was formulated to reach the purpose of the research and is: How
does the psychological well-being of Black and White teachers in different school settings in the
North West Province in the South African context compare? A sample consisting of White (208)
and Black (200) teachers completed the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form (MHC-SF; Keyes, 2002) to measure positive mental health: the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9;
Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001) to measure depression, the Fortitude Questionnaire (FORQ:
Pretorius, 1998) to measure social support, and the Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI, Boyle, Borg,
Falzon, & Baglioni Jr., 1995) during the SABPA study. Data from various self-reported
psychological questionnaires completed by the two teacher groups were included and analysed
by means of bivariate correlations of the two teacher groups, t-test comparisons, cross
tabulations of categories of positive mental health as well as of depression, and multiple
regression.
Significant associations were found for the following: teacher stress related to general
resources (TSI), teacher stress related to teaching and classroom management (TSI), positive
self-appraisal, social support from family, social support from friends and others (FORQ),
emotional well-being, and psychological well-being (MHC), for both the White and Black
teacher groups. According to regression analysis, in the White teacher group, 11.9% of total
variance in teacher stress was accounted for by depression while positive metal health explained
7% of teacher stress. For the Black teacher group, only 2.4% of the total variance of teacher
stress was explained by depression and 0.1% by positive mental health. The conclusion is that all
teachers experience stress and depression, but according to these results, the effect of stress on
well-being seems to be higher among the White group. Although the Black teachers report
higher levels of stress, they flourish.
In closing, from this comparative study, it was recommended that data between resource
availability and school setting pertaining to White-Black teacher groups matched by
psychological well-being need to be obtained. Much needed consideration should be given to the
development of interventions that explore aspects of psychological well-being of teachers in different school settings. Furthermore, cultural background in the school setting that contributes
towards psychological well-being should be considered and applied to guide interventions in the
North West Province in South Africa.MSc (Research Psychology)|cNorth-West University, Potchefstroom Campus|d2014
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Morrison, Amanda Maria 1975. "Freaks of the industry : peculiarities of place and race in Bay Area hip-hop." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2010-05-890.
Full textAbstract:
Through ethnography, I examine how hip-hop’s expressive forms are being used as the raw materials of everyday life by residents of the San Francisco Bay Area, home to what many regard as one of the most stylistically prolific, politically charged, and racially diverse hip-hop “scenes” in the world. This focus on regional specificity provides a greater understanding of the impact hip-hop is having on the ground, as an aspect of localized lived practice. Throughout, I make the case for the importance of ethnographically grounded localized research on U.S. hip-hop, which is surprisingly still relatively rare. Most scholars simply stress its continuity within a set of deterritorialized Diasporic African and African-American verbal-art traditions. My aim is not to contest this assertion, but to add to the body of knowledge about one of the most significant cultural inventions of the twentieth century by exploring hip-hop’s racial heterogeneity and its regional specificity. Acknowledging this kind of diversity allows us to reconceive what hip-hop is and how it matters in U.S. society beyond the ways it is usually framed: as either an oppositional form of black-vernacular culture or a co-opted and corrupted commodity form that reinscribes hegemonic values more than it actually contests them. Examining hip-hop within a specific, regionally delineated community reveals how hip-hop’s role in American life is more nuanced and complex. It is neither a pure vernacular expression of an oppressed class nor merely a cultural commodity imposed upon consumers and alienated from producers. In the Bay Area, hip-hop “heads” simultaneously consume mass-produced rap while producing homespun forms of music, dance, slang, fashion, and folklore. Through these forms, they construct individual and group identities that register primarily in expressive, affective terms. These novel cultural identities complicate rigid social markers of race, gender, and class; more specifically, they challenge the widely held perception that hip-hop is solely the terrain of inner-city young African-American men. More fundamentally, a sense of belonging is engendered through localized modes of expression and embodied style that manifest through shared practices, discourses, texts, symbols, locales, and imaginaries.text
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Smith, Thomas. "Hearing with American Law: On Music as Evidence and Offense in the Age of Mass Incarceration." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-dchp-ee02.
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This dissertation considers how music has been heard with American law during an age of mass incarceration. Drawing upon records in legal archives for thousands of cases from the late 1980s to the present, it describes how legal hearings of music have contributed towards the reproduction of racial injustice. The dissertation takes two distinct modes of hearing as objects for analysis: (1) the hearing of music as evidence; and (2) the hearing of music as an offense. The dissertation describes how, since the late 1980s, the American criminal justice system has routinely and selectively heard rap music as evidence within its investigations and prosecutions. It shows how rap has served variously as a clue or lead during investigations, an aggravator of charges filed and sentences pursued during plea bargaining, a support for arguments against bail, a form of proof for elements of a crime or elements of a sentence enhancement allegation, a support for an affirmative defense, a witness impeacher, a form of proof for an aggravating factor in sentencing, and a support for arguments against parole. The dissertation questions whether quick-fix, colorblind policy proposals are likely to halt this selective hearing of rap, suggesting the need for frank discussions to take place about the political contours of problematization.
The dissertation then describes how, over the same time period, through both the criminal justice system and the procedures of administrative law, music has been heard routinely as a subfelony offense. It shows how offenses have been heard in music to facilitate narcotics investigations, raise revenue for cash-strapped municipalities, patrol the borders of the nation, and drive residents from neighborhoods. It demonstrates how the academic study of music can become attentive to harms and injustices made possible through hearing that are not reducible to the restriction of musical freedom, including but not limited to harassment, profiling, the imposition of crushing debts, vehicle impoundment, eviction, and deportation, by engaging in fine-grained study of the social life of music’s regulative rules.
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McCann, Bryan John. "Contesting the mark of criminality : resistance and ideology in gangsta rap, 1988-1997." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6554.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation situates the emergence of gangsta rap from 1988-1997 within the
historical trajectory of the American criminal justice system and the mass incarceration of
African Americans. Specifically, it examines how the genre enacted the mark of
criminality as a gesture of resistance in a period of sustained moral panic surrounding
race and criminality in the United States. The mark of criminality refers to a regime of
signifiers inscribed upon African American bodies that imagines black subjects as
fundamental threats to social order. Drawing upon the theoretical resources of historical
materialism and cultural studies, the project locates the mark of criminality within the
social structures of capitalism, arguing that hegemonic fantasies of racialized criminality
protect oppressive and exploitative social relations. The project concludes that while
gangsta rap has many significant limitations associated with violence, misogyny, and
commercialism, it nonetheless represents a salient expression of resistance that can
inform broader interventions against the American prisons system. A number of
questions guide this project. Chief among them are the following: In what ways does the criminal justice system operate as a site of rhetorical invention and hegemonic struggle?
To what extent does gangsta rap enable and disable rhetorical and political agency? To
what extent does it enable and disable interracial political practice? What are the
implications of gangsta rap for a gendered politics of criminality?
Three case studies demonstrate how specific gangsta rap artists inverted the mark
of criminality toward the constitution of affirmative and resistant fantasies of black
criminality. While the work of these artists, I argue, was significantly limited in its
emancipatory potential, it nonetheless offered important insights into the contingency of
race and crime in America. The project also considers how other rhetors responded to
gangsta discourse, frequently toward the end of supporting hegemonic notions of race
and criminality. The dissertation concludes that criminality functions as a vibrant site of
rhetorical invention and resistance provided it is articulated to broader movements for
social justice. While the often-problematic discourses of gangsta rap do not constitute
politically progressive rhetorics in their own rights, they provide resources for the
articulation of righteous indignation and utopian desires capable of challenging the prison-industrial complex.text
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Oravcová, Anna. "Česká hiphopová subkultura: konstrukce autenticity v českém rapu." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405080.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliografický záznam ORAVCOVÁ, Anna. Česká hiphopová subkultura: konstrukce autenticity v českém rapu. Praha, 2019. 171 s. Dizertační práce (Ph.D.) Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut sociologických studií. Katedra sociologie. Školitelka: PhDr. Marta Kolářová, Ph.D. Abstract The dissertation focuses on the construction of authenticity in Czech rap music. It seeks to explore attributes based on which one can define a certain rap expression as the "real" one. The theoretical part includes the definition of the term subculture, main attributes of hip hop (sub)culture, and the definition of authenticity, the key concept of the dissertation. In dialogue with the findings of the hip hop studies of Western countries, this dissertation looks at the authenticity claims expressed in Czech rap music and the context and situations in which the question of authenticity of Czech rappers becomes important. The empirical part of the dissertation is based on the perspective of the insider research using a combination of qualitative methods: (1) semi structured interviews with twenty rappers (one of them female); (2) qualitative content analysis of selected rap lyrics; and (3) participant observation at different hip hop events. The research took place between 2010 and 2016. The research shows that Czech...
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Du, Plessis Anneke. "Experiences of foster parents and social workers involved in transracial foster care placements / Anneke du Plessis." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/16317.
Full textAbstract:
Transracial foster care is a reality due to the ongoing social problems in South Africa, that leads to a high number of children found in need of care and protection and in need of foster homes. The Children’s Act (38 of 2005) encourages children to be placed in the care of a person with a similar background to their own, but simultaneously makes provision for children to be placed in the care of a person that does not have the same background as their own. The number of children found in need of a foster care placement, significantly surpasses the number of willing and able, same race, foster care parents.
Transracial foster care has been a topic for research internationally for a couple of years, highlighting the influence of the transracial placement on the foster child. However, there continues to be limited research in South Africa on this growing phenomenon. Most research in South Africa focus on transracial adoptions and not specifically foster care placements.
The aim of this qualitative research study was to broaden the knowledge base of transracial foster care in South Africa, in order to contribute to services provided to transracial foster care families. The research study was based in the northern and southern suburbs of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. Participants included foster parents of transracial foster care families and the social workers who supervise the foster care families participating in this study. Nine foster parents and three social workers participated in the study. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant in order to explore their experiences of being involved in transracial foster care placements. The article in Section B of this document aims to highlight the important aspects of transracial foster care in order to create a better understanding of this phenomenon.MSW (Child Protection), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015