Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radar à ouverture synthétique'
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Trouvé, Emmanuel. "Imagerie interférentielle en radar à ouverture synthétique." Paris, ENST, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENST0014.
Full textChamon, Marco Antonio. "Filtrage particulaire et ouverture synthétique inverse sur cibles RADAR non-coopératives." Phd thesis, Ecole nationale superieure de l'aeronautique et de l'espace, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139730.
Full textJiang, Qingshan. "Détection de bateaux dans les images de radar à ouverture synthétique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5024.
Full textCherifi, Dalila. "Utilisation d'un modèle symbolique pour l'interprétation d'images Radar à Ouverture Synthétique." Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0036.
Full textSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments are active microwave sensors that operate independently of time of day and weather conditions. SAR can achieve high resolution from long range and provide information about the physical structure and the electrical properties of remotely sensed objects. There has been a growing interest in SAR for automatic target recognition. We are interested in this thesis by road detection in spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar images. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature. They generally consist of two steps: in the first step they use a local operator like edge and line detectors and then they apply a global criterion which incorporates additional knowledge about the structure of the objects to be detected. The aim of this thesis is the detection of road on SAR images starting from a graphical sketch of road defined by a user which is considered as a model of road. To do this we propose to compare two methods. The first one combines both local and global criteria based on Markov Field(MRF). It is based on a previously published methods for road detection in SAR images. The second method uses a dynamic programming, it defines a cost, which depends on local information, and performs a summation minimization process in a graph. The results obtained with the two approaches applied to different SAR images are presented and evaluated with an objective criterion. Finnally, we applied our method based of dynamic programming to extract road network on the different SAR images and we present some applications of our work
Danilo, Céline. "Évaluation des courants de surface océanique au moyen d'un radar à ouverture synthétique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560597.
Full textDanilo, Céline. "Évaluation des courants de surface océanique au moyen d’un radar à ouverture synthétique." Brest, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BRES2023.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to extract the radar line-of-sight component of sea surface current from the Doppler shift of a signal received by a synthetic aperture radar on board of ENVISAT. The primary goals of this work are the separation of waves and surface current components to this Doppler shift and, furthermore, the expansion of this analysis to multiple angles of incidence, thereby making it possible to map sea surface currents. This study is limited to vertical polarization and to the radar frequency hand C. Extraction of current signature is based on the assumption that the Doppler shift is caused solely by surface gravity waves and by surface current. Moreover, we initially assume that the current is uniform within the surface of Doppler shift estimation. Under these assumptions, the current component can be deduced from the Doppler shift by substracting the wave component. The latter have relatively short wavelengths, which is typical of wind-sea. Practical use of 10 m wind information for the estimation of waves component is evaluated. A method for extracting surface current information is developed and tested, initially for a constant incidence angle of 23°, on small-sized and isolated ocean images from all over the oceans. A comparison of the monthly average speeds, obtained by on-site current measurements, indicates an RMS error of 0. 35 m/s. As a further step, the same methodology is applied for larger acquisitions (400 km by 400 km minimum) for which the incidence angle ranges from 16 to 42°, This new configuration requires a preliminary analysis of the effect of incidence angle variation on the Doppler shift. We show that an increase of the angle of incidence results in the increase of the relative component of surface current to the Doppler shift, and that the latter also varies according to the direction of wind with respect to the direction of the radar. The estimated surface current component shows a good quantitative correspondence with the same component measured by on-site sensors. This result is encouraging in view of the development of a more systematic technique. Finally, the last part of this work is devoted to a more complex case, namely that of coastal current: here, the hypothesis of a uniform surface current within the estimation surface cannot be maintained anymore due to the great variability of these currents. In this case, we proceed by analyzing maps of Doppler shift of a 1 km resolution. Despite the complexity of this situation, once again, the comparison between Doppler shift-derived velocities and data from tidal current maps indicates a strong potential of SAR images to return high resolution information on surface currents
Peyregne, Rémi. "Caractérisation des cibles mobiles (MTI) et compensation autofocus de mouvements dans un radar de cartographie à ouverture de synthèse (SAR)." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0023.
Full textGalland, Frédéric. "Partition d'images par minimisation de la complexité stochastique et grille active : application à la segmentation d'images de radar à ouverture synthétique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX30039.
Full textWe present a technique for partitioning an image into homogeneous regions. It is based on the minimisation of the stochastic complexity thanks to a polygonal active grid, i. E. A set of nodes linked by segments to define the different regions of the image. The obtained algorithm is adapted to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image segmentation, fast and based on the optimization of a criterion without parameter to be tuned by the user. This approach allows one to automatically estimate the number of regions in the image, their topology and the position and the number of nodes used to define the contour. We propose some generalizations of this technique to other noise phenomena than speckle, to vectorial images and to image segmentation with multi-region active contours. Then we present an original approach for image partitioning without a priori knowledge of the probability law of the grey levels in the regions of the image
Pons, Bernad Gemma. "Aide à l’interprétation d’images radar à ouverture synthétique : analyse conjointe des propriétés géométriques et radiométriques des images SAR." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30013.
Full textThe work of this thesis is part of the research efforts that are currently being undertaken on segmentation and classification to ease radar images interpretation. Our thesis contributes to this research by proposing a semi-automatic scene analysis approach to assist the interpretation of images acquired by a synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Mainly, it is focused on the application of segmentation methods to classification and object recognition problems. Its aim is to propose fast and simple methods, easily comprehensible by non-expert users in image processing. The proposed approach is a two-stage algorithm. First, a SAR image partition is obtained in a non-supervised manner by using a statistical active grid based on the minimization of the stochastic complexity. Then, discriminative features (statistics, geometrics and texture parameters) are calculated for each extracted region in order to classify them in a semi-supervised manner. A hierarchical approach is adopted. In practice, the proposed algorithm provides an initial land use classification as well as confidence measures for each region. This initial classification can be used as an aid to the image interpretation or as a source of information for further processing
Jung, Claudine. "Etude et correction de l'influence du relief sur la radiométrie d'une image de radar à ouverture synthétique par simulation de la réponse radar à partir d'un modèle numérique de terrain." Paris 7, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA077142.
Full textKerbaol, Vincent. "Analyse spectrale et statistique vent-vagues des images radar à ouverture synthétique : application aux données satellites ERS-1/2." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10172.
Full textHusson, Romain. "Développement et validation d’un modèle global de houle basé sur les observations de Radar à Ouverture Synthétique en mode vague." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0050/document.
Full textThe capability to observe ocean swell using spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been demonstrated starting with ERS-1 mission in 1992. This dissertation shows how ocean swell properties can be used to combine swell observations of heterogeneous quality and acquired at various times and locations for the observation and forecast of ocean swell fieldsusing ASAR instrument on-board ENVISAT. The first section is a review of how ocean swell spectra can be derived from the SAR complex images of the ocean surface using a quasi-linear transformation. Then, significant swell heights, peak periods and peak directions from in situ measurements are used to assess the accuracy of the SAR observed swell spectra. Using linear propagation in deep ocean, a new swell field reconstruction methodologyis developed in order to gather SAR swell observations related to the same swell field. Propagated from their generation region, these observations render the spatio-temporal properties of the emanating ocean swell fields. Afterwards, a methodology is developed for the exclusion of outliers taking advantage of the swell field consistency. Also, using the irregularly sampled SAR observations, quality controlled estimations of swell field integral parameters are produced on a regular space-time grid. Validation against in situ measurements reveals the dramatic impact of the density of propagated observations on the integral parameters estimated accuracy. Specifically, this parameter is shown to be very dependent on the satellite orbit. Finally, comparisons with the numerical wave model WAVEWATCH-III prove it could potentially benefit from the SAR swell field estimates for assimilation purposes
El, Hajj Chehade Bassam. "Traitements tomographiques pour la caractérisation de forêts tropicales à l'aide des données SAR polarimétriques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S081.
Full textForested areas cover one third of earth's land surface and their contribution in the storage of carbon is decisive. Current studies show that the accurate knowledge of global forest biomass is necessary for the prediction of climate changes on the planet. In this context, the BIOMASS project is selected by the European Space Agency (ESA) as Phase A of the 'Earth Core Mission' program. This highly innovative mission consists of the use of a polarimetric imaging radar operating at P band (435 MHz) for the measurement of forest biomass. The current definition of the mission provides a three-dimensional imaging (3-D) of the forest with both tomographic and multi-pass interferometric modes. In the framework of this project, this PHD thesis aims to develop a novel strategy for the remote sensing of the biomass within the dense tropical forests by processing on multi-baseline P-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. An original approach combines the possibilities of 3-D exploration tomography and the Random-Volume- over-Ground (RVoG) model established and verified with PolInSAR technique (Polarimetric Interferometry SAR). The forested environment can be accurately described by a polarimetric multi-layer model (soil and a succession of vegetationlayers). A multi-baseline generalization of the RVoG model involves a certain number of parameters which must be estimated from radar observation data by using High- Resolution spectral estimation tomographic methods. Thereby, a cartography of the forest and its underlying ground can be made using tomographic data. Furthermore, the capacity of the tomographic techniques on 3-D imaging allows an estimation of the vertical distribution of the backscattered power. Thus, an accurate biomass information may be extracted from the power measured at a domain adapted to the canopy layer. However, this measured backscattered may be strongly affected by the ground echo due to the double bounce contribution. The main challenge of this thesis is to establish a novel biomass estimator related to a backscattered powermeasured with a polarimetric channel and at a vertical domain, both adapted to the canopy layer. The proposed algorithms of forest cartography and biomass estimation are applied and validated on Airborne P-band SAR data realized on the TROPISAR campaign in French Guyana
Blérard, Caroline. "Analyse des paysages côtiers du golfe d'Arguin (Mauritanie) à partir des données du radar latéral à ouverture synthétique du satellite ERS1." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES1006.
Full textPuysségur, Béatrice. "Compensation du délai de phase atmosphérique en interférométrie radar et inversion de vitesses tectoniques." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GLOB0016.
Full textMaleprade, Philippe de. "Analyse de texture : application, sur les images SIR-A, à l'étude du volcanisme récent du Djebel Druze (Syrie)." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112198.
Full textA comparative study of different Texture Analysis methods bas been realized on SIR-A images, and led to automatic classification by bath supervised and non-supervised algorithms. Texture Analysis is a privileged tool for Automatic interpretation of RADAR images. The region investigated is a desertic area in Syria, where our results reveal texture differences which may correspond, for example, to successive lava flows
Regnier, Rémi. "Approche de reconstruction d’images fondée sur l’inversion de certaines transformations de Radon généralisées." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0698/document.
Full textSince the invention of radiography at the beginning of the 20th century and of the radar during the 2nd world war, the need of information on our environment is ever increasing. This goes from the exploration of internal structures using non-invasive numerous imaging techniques to satellite imaging which rapidly expands with space exploration. A huge number of imaging systems have been conceived to provide faithful images of the objects of interest. Computed Tomography (or the medical scanner) has experienced a tremendous success since it was invented. The reason for this success lies in the fact that its mathematical foundation is the Radon transform (RT), which has an inverse formula allowing the faithful reconstruction of the interior of an object.The Radon transform is a geometric integral transform which integrates a physical density of interest along a straight line in the plane. It is natural to expect that, when the line is replaced by a curve or a surface as an integration support, new imaging processes may emerge. In this thesis, we study two generalized Radon transforms which are defined on broken lines in the form of a letter V (called V-line RT or VRT) and on spheres centered on a fixed plane (called spherical RT or SRT), as well as their resulting imaging processes.The Radon transforms on V-lines (VRT) form the mathematical foundation of three tomographic modalities. The first modality exploits not only the attenuation of X-rays in traversed matter (as in Computed Tomography) but also the phenomenon of reflection on an impenetrable surface. The second modality makes use of Compton scattering for emission imaging. The third modality combines transmission and emission imaging modalities into a bimodal imaging system from scattered ionizing radiation. This study puts forward new imaging systems which compete with the existing ones and develops new algorithms for attenuation corrections (in emission imaging the attenuation is one of factors degrading seriously tomographic image quality up to now).The Radon transform on spheres centered on a fixed plane (SRT) is a generalization of the classical Radon transform in three dimensions. It has been proposed as a mathematical model for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging. We show through the setting up of appropriate algorithms that the inversion of the SRT yields an efficient solution to the landscape reconstruction problem, directly in three dimensions.The theoretical feasibility of these new imaging systems based on generalized Radon transforms and the good performance of inversion algorithms based on inversion formulas open the way to several perspectives: 3D extension of bimodal imaging by scattered radiation or SAR target motion detection through the introduction of other generalized Radon transforms. Moreover the algorithmic methods developed here may serve in other imaging activities such as: seismics with the parabolic Radon transform, Doppler radar with the hyperbolic Radon transform, thermo-opto-acoustic imaging with the Radon transform on circles centered on a fixed circle
Leducq, Paul. "Traitements temps-fréquence pour l'analyse de scènes complexes dans les images SAR polarimétriques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133586.
Full textLa réponse des cibles mobiles est étudiée. Sa forme particulière conduit à une méthode de détection et refocalisation basée sur la transformée de Fourier fractionnaire. La problématique est étendue au cas des cibles possédant de plus une réflectivité dépendant des paramètres d'illumination (angle et fréquence). Une approche basée sur une modélisation de la cible et sur l'algorithme de Matching-Pursuit est présentée.
La détection des bâtiments dans les images SAR de zones urbaines en bande L est abordée dans le cadre temps-fréquence. Les notions complémentaires de stationnarité et de cohérence sont exploitées pour produire une classification temps-fréquence, permettant d'identifier les environnements naturels et différents types de cibles artificielles. Des applications à la cartographie et à la caractérisation de bâtiments sont proposées.
Longépé, Nicolas. "Apport de l'Imagerie SAR Satellitaire en Bandes L et C pour la Caractérisation du Couvert Neigeux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00367960.
Full textsur un couvert neigeux a été développé. Ce modèle prend en considération la structure verticale du manteau neigeux ainsi que l'état de métamorphose des différentes couches. Il est validé à l'aide de profils stratigraphiques mesurés et des données SAR acquises
parallèlement par le capteur ASAR/ENVISAT en 2004.
L'originalité principale de cette étude consiste en l'association des données SAR à polarisation double avec le modèle météorologique Crocus développé par Météo-France.
Dans le but de caractériser la variabilité spatiale des couverts neigeux alpins, les profils stratigraphiques Crocus sont réorganisés spatialement par le biais d'une optimisation de la réponse EM en bande C. Des cartographies du couvert neigeux sont réalisées avec une résolution métrique pour les massifs alpins des Grandes Rousses et de l'Oisans.
Finalement, le potentiel des données polarimétriques en bande L pour la caractérisation de la neige est étudié sur des zones rurales. Une méthode de cartographie basée sur les Machines à Vecteurs Supports est réalisée puis testée avec des données acquises par lecapteur PALSAR/ALOS.
Prendes, Jorge. "New statistical modeling of multi-sensor images with application to change detection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLC006/document.
Full textRemote sensing images are images of the Earth surface acquired from satellites or air-borne equipment. These images are becoming widely available nowadays and its sensor technology is evolving fast. Classical sensors are improving in terms of resolution and noise level, while new kinds of sensors are proving to be useful. Multispectral image sensors are standard nowadays and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are very popular.The availability of different kind of sensors is very advantageous since it allows us to capture a wide variety of properties of the objects contained in a scene. These properties can be exploited to extract richer information about these objects. One of the main applications of remote sensing images is the detection of changes in multitemporal datasets (images of the same area acquired at different times). Change detection for images acquired by homogeneous sensors has been of interest for a long time. However the wide range of different sensors found in remote sensing makes the detection of changes in images acquired by heterogeneous sensors an interesting challenge.Accurate change detectors adapted to heterogeneous sensors are needed for the management of natural disasters. Databases of optical images are readily available for an extensive catalog of locations, but, good climate conditions and daylight are required to capture them. On the other hand, SAR images can be quickly captured, regardless of the weather conditions or the daytime. For these reasons, optical and SAR images are of specific interest for tracking natural disasters, by detecting the changes before and after the event.The main interest of this thesis is to study statistical approaches to detect changes in images acquired by heterogeneous sensors. Chapter 1 presents an introduction to remote sensing images. It also briefly reviews the different change detection methods proposed in the literature. Additionally, this chapter presents the motivation to detect changes between heterogeneous sensors and its difficulties.Chapter 2 studies the statistical properties of co-registered images in the absence of change, in particular for optical and SAR images. In this chapter a finite mixture model is proposed to describe the statistics of these images. The performance of classical statistical change detection methods is also studied by taking into account the proposed statistical model. In several situations it is found that these classical methods fail for change detection.Chapter 3 studies the properties of the parameters associated with the proposed statistical mixture model. We assume that the model parameters belong to a manifold in the absence of change, which is then used to construct a new similarity measure overcoming the limitations of classic statistical approaches. Furthermore, an approach to estimate the proposed similarity measure is described. Finally, the proposed change detection strategy is validated on synthetic images and compared with previous strategies.Chapter 4 studies Bayesian non parametric algorithm to improve the estimation of the proposed similarity measure. This algorithm is based on a Chinese restaurant process and a Markov random field taking advantage of the spatial correlations between adjacent pixels of the image. This chapter also defines a new Jeffreys prior for the concentration parameter of this Chinese restaurant process. The estimation of the different model parameters is conducted using a collapsed Gibbs sampler. The proposed strategy is validated on synthetic images and compared with the previously proposed strategy. Finally, Chapter 5 is dedicated to the validation of the proposed change detection framework on real datasets, where encouraging results are obtained in all cases. Including the Bayesian non parametric model into the change detection strategy improves change detection performance at the expenses of an increased computational cost
Wang, Chen. "Global investigation of marine atmospheric boundary layer rolls using Sentinel-1 SAR data." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0203.
Full textThis thesis exploits the global Sentinel-1 (S-1) wave mode (WV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data for marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) roll studies. A deep learning- based model was developed to automatically identify rolls from the massive S-1 WV images. Valuation evidences that more and clearer rolls are visible at the larger incidence angle with limitation in very low wind speeds and when wind direction being perpendicular to the SAR antenna looking. Beyond this, the huge data leads to a new result that, on average and across all wind speeds, MABL rolls induce surface wind variations of ~8% (±3.5%) the mean flow, seldom exceeding 20%. Global statistics confirmed with previous studies that up to 90% of the identified rolls occur in near neutral to slightly unstable conditions. Roll wavelength and orientation are extracted with findings of multi-scale organization and directional contrast between low- and mid-latitudes. The systematical distribution of roll orientation with respect to the surface wind from tropics to extratropics recalls the importance of horizontal Coriolis force on rolls. Despite the significance of these highlights for both atmosphere and ocean studies, it is highly expected to extend the nearly global S- 1 WV SAR data for rolls, convective cells and other key air-sea processes. Results should be compared, explained, and complemented in the near future with in-depth theoretical and numerical studies
Khwaja, Shaharyar. "Génération rapide de signaux radar d'environnements complexes pour la simulation de systèmes imageurs SAR." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00371992.
Full textCarré, Barnabé. "Développement applicatif sur l’intégrabilité de systèmes d’imageries et de contrôle d’épaisseur par le biais de radar FMCW dans le domaine des ondes Terahertz." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0335.
Full textIn order to encourage industrial interest in terahertz systems for non-destructive testing, this manuscript features various methods and techniques for improving the imaging and thickness measurement performance of sub-THz FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar sensors.Focused imaging approaches are restricted by diffraction and involve a compromise between lateral resolution and depth of field. The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imaging technique overcomes these limitations. In this context, a new algorithmic approach is proposed, significantly improving lateral resolution by a factor of three compared with conventional focused imaging systems. In addition, the SAR technique is tested on specific objects relevant to non-destructive imaging. Point-by-point acquisition systems are often limited in measurement speed due to the constraints associated with translation vectors, which are subject to excessively high inertias.To tackle this problem, an ultra-fast imaging system has been developed. This incorporates a rotating polygonal mirror which deflects the radar beam and directs it onto a telecentric f-theta lens, which focuses the beam onto a plane. This lens, with a numerical aperture of 0.28, outperforms those reported in the literature. In addition, sub-THz FMCW radar transceivers are not limited to non-destructive imaging, but also enable precise measurement of material thickness. However, these measurements are usually limited by the longitudinal resolution of the radar unit. This study proposes an innovative algorithm, combined with a new genetic algorithm approach, which overcomes this limitation by measuring thicknesses five times thinner than the longitudinal resolution in the air of the sensor
Neumann, Maxim. "Télédétection de couverts végétaux par interférométrie SAR polarimétrique multi-bases : modélisation théorique et estimation de paramètres physiques." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00394049.
Full textThis dissertation concerns different topics with the aim to improve the understanding of polarimetric SAR interferometry (PolInSAR) and to provide techniques for vegetation parameter retrieval for remote sensing applications. Theoretical studies are conducted to rigorously define and analyze the PolInSAR coherence set, and to develop and interpret multi-baseline coherence optimization techniques. A phenomenological polarimetric interferometric model, designed for geophysical parameter retrieval, is derived for volumetric media over ground. For forest vegetation observed at L-band, this model accounts for the ground topography, canopy layer and total tree heights, wave attenuation and refractivity in the canopy, tree morphology in the form of the orientation distribution and effective shapes of the branches, surface scattering contribution, and double-bounce ground-trunk interactions. A parameter retrieval framework is developed for single- and repeat-pass acquisitions which is, in the latter case, robust against the temporal decorrelation and permits its estimation in every baseline. The parameter estimation performance is evaluated on simulated and real airborne L-band SAR data in both single- and multi-baseline configurations
Neumann, Maxim. "Télédétection de couverts végétaux par interférométrie SAR polarimétrique multi-bases : modélisation et estimation de paramètres physiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00394049.
Full textcompte d'un milieu volumique situé au dessus d'un sol. Dans le cas de forêts observées en bande L, ce modèle tient compte de la topographie du sol, de la canopée, de la hauteur totale des arbres, de l'atténuation de l'onde, de la réflectivité au sein de la canopée, de
la morphologie des arbres prise en compte par la distribution statistique des orientations des branches et leur forme efficace, de la contribution du sol et enfin de l'interaction entre le sol et les troncs. Une méthodologie d'inversion des paramètres de végétation est développée dans le cas des acquisitions monopasse ou multipasses. Dans ce dernier cas, la méthode d'inversion tient compte de la décorrélation temporelle et permet ainsi une estimation pour chaque ligne de base. La performance de léstimation des paramètres de
végétation est évaluée à partir de données SAR simulées et réelles aéroportées en bande L, pour les deux cas de configurations en lignes de base simple ou multiple.
Hervé, Caroline. "Imagerie pour le sonar à ouverture synthétique multistatique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10014/document.
Full textThis study deals with multistatic SAS (Synthetic Aperture Sonar) systems. SAS are high resolution imaging systems compared to classical sonar ones. The SAS technique is largly exploited in the monostatic configuration but few studies already exist in multistatic SAS. Thus, the work consists in evaluating resolution and detection performances in bistatic and multistatic configurations. Then, the objective is to compare these performances to monostatic ones. A radar method has been adapted to sonar to compute bistatic performances and this is an original result of this work.The classical algorithm to reconstruct images from acoustical waves lies on the hypothesis that the target is a sum of point scatterers. This hypothesis is not really well adapted to underwater acoustics that is why a new algogorithm has been developped in this study. The new algorithm would be better adapted to scattering diffraction phenomena at the interface between water and target than the classical one. The scattered field model of the target is obtained by combinating boundary integral equations and the Kirchhoff Approximation. An imaging reconstruction method by 2D Fourier Transform of this model has been implemented and tested on numerical and experimental datas. The new algorithm allow a better reconstruction accurency and is able to give quantitative information on targets. The interest of multistatic configurations for target identification has also been demonstrated in this PhD work
Daniel, Sandrine. "Analyse d'images SAR polarimétriques aéroportées pour l'estimation de paramètres bio-physiques des sols agricoles." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523413.
Full textTrouvé, Emmanuel. "Imagerie interférentielle en radar à ouverture synthétique /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366936443.
Full textFayard, Franck. "Génération de MNT d'une zone montagneuse par radargrammétrie et approche multi-échelle." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00820847.
Full textJiang, Qingshan. "Détection de bateaux dans les images de radar à ouverture synthétique." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2003.
Find full textCherifi, Dalila. "Utilisation d'un modèle symbolique pour l'interprétation d'images radar à ouverture synthétique /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40922783c.
Full textLeforestier, Florian. "Concept Avancé de Radar à Antenne et Impulsion Semi-Synthétique (CARAISS)." Paris 10, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA100094.
Full textUWB (Ultra "aide Band) is becoming an essential technique in a large variety of domains like ECCM (Electronic Counter Counter Measure), GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and radar imaging (SAR -Synthetic Aperture Radar-, ISAR -Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar-;. . . ). Technology used te generate UWB is at present based on classic pulse radar techniques, which are band and power-limited, due to hardware limitations. The two major consequences are unachievable bandwith requirement and high coûts associated with high-teck hardware. CARAISS is a project aimed not only at overcoming this lirait but also at doing it at low cost with classical technology. The studied concept was te cluster narrowband channels transmitting simultaneously in order to provide a theoretically unlimited bandwith and a real pulse as close as needed to a Dirac peak
Pastoré, Laurette. "Imagerie radar par synthèse d'ouverture en basse fréquence." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100026.
Full textCompared to optical imaging, radar advantages are : it is sensitive to weather and lightening conditions, range resolution does not depend on distance to target and polarimetric measure can provide information about electrical properties of the reflector. Synthetic aperture imagery makes us of aircraft motion to built a synthetic antenna, enhancing image cross range resolution. The ONERA radar RAMSES was recently upgraded with low frequency bands (P-Band). These frequencies penetrate through the ground and through forest canopy. However, it raises specific problems which this dissertation deals with : algorithm validity, calibration methods and image analysis. The wider synthetic antenna exceeds the classical Range Doppler Algorithm limitations. The Range Migration Algorithm used revealed as a good solution to this problem. The calibration process proposed takes into account the fluctuations of aircraft attitude and canonical traget response along the synthetic antenna. The calibrated images analysis enables foliage attenuation measure and features a significant under foliage penetration and a strong dependence on the incidence angle and polarisation. A change detection procedure was developed in order to extend this analysis to complex under cover targets detection (commodity trucks). Foliage penetration was also demonstrated using an original technique : SAR imaging on the vertical plane. Theoretical study about ground propagation predicts attenuation which strongly depends on incidence angle, on polarisation, and, most of all, on moist content. Radar stereo-vision evidence revealed that buried structures are indeed visible on our P band images
Perrot, Yannick. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle haute résolution du fond sous-marin par le traitement sonar interférométrique à ouverture synthétique." Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2026.
Full textOudompheng, Benoit. "Localisation et contribution de sources acoustiques de navire au passage par traitement d’antenne réduite." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT071/document.
Full textSince the surface ship radiated noise is the main contribution to the underwater acoustic noise in coastal waters, The Marine Framework Strategy Directive of the European Commission recommends the development of the monitoring and the reduction of the impact of the traffic noise. The need for developing an industrial system for the noise mapping of the surface ship have motivated this study, it will allow the naval industries to identify which part of the ship radiates the stronger noise level.In this context, this research work deals with the development of passive noise mapping methods of a surface ship passing-by above a static linear array with a reduced number of hydrophones. Two aspects of the noise mapping are considered: the localization of acoustic sources and the identification of the relative contribution of each source to the ship acoustic signature.First, a bibliographical study concerning the acoustic radiation of a passing-by surface ship is conducted in order to list the main acoustic sources and then to simulate representative ship sources. The acoustic propagation is simulated according to the ray theory and takes the source motion into account. The simulator of the acoustic radiation of a passing-by ship is built in order to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and to design an experimental set-up. A study about the influence of the source motion on the noise mapping methods led to the use of the beamforming method for moving sources for the source localization and a deconvolution method for the identification of the source contribution. The performances of both methods are assessed considering measurement noise and uncertainties about the propagation model in order to know their limitations. A first improvement of the beamforming method consists of a passive synthetic aperture array algorithm which benefits from the relative motion between the ship and the antenna in order to improve the spatial resolution at low frequencies. Then, an algorithm is proposed to acoustically correct the trajectography mismatches of a passing-by surface ship. Finally, the last part of this thesis concerns a pass-by experiment of a towed-ship model in a lake. These measurements allowed us to validate the proposed noise mapping methods and their proposed improvements, in a real and controlled environment
Tupin, Florence. "Reconnaissance des formes et analyse de scènes en imagerie radar a ouverture synthetique." Paris, ENST, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENST0016.
Full textNocera, Luciano. "Reconstruction du relief en imagerie radar a ouverture de synthese : stereoscopie et ombrages." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA077105.
Full textTupin, Florence. "Reconnaissance des formes et analyse de scènes en imagerie radar à ouverture synthétique /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb367038261.
Full textStroobants, William. "Apport des données R. S. O. à la production cartographique en contexte tropical : exemple du Sénégal." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0044.
Full textHervet, Éric. "Appariement d'images Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture en conditions radargrammétriques." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT007H.
Full textLópez, Quiroz Penélope. "Séries temporelles de la subsidence de la ville de Mexico obtenues par interférométrie radar." Paris, ENST, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ENST0022.
Full textIn Mexico city, subsidence rates reach up to 40 cm/yr mainly due to soil compaction led by the over exploitation of the Mexico Basin aquifer. In this work we map the spatial and temporal patterns of the Mexico city subsidence by differential radar interferometry. We present the severe interferogram unwrapping problems partly due to the coherence loss but mostly due to the high fringe rates. This difficulties are overcome by designing a new methodology that help the unwrapping step. Our approach is based on the fact that the deformation shape is stable for similar time intervals during the studied period. As a result, a stack of interferograms can be used to compute an average deformation rate for a fixed time interval. The number of fringes is then decreased in wrapped interferograms using a scaled version of the stack to facilitate their unwrapping. The small baseline unwrapped interferograms are inverted to obtain increments of radar propagation delays between the acquisition dates. Based on the redundancy of the interferometric data base, we quantify the unwrapping errors and show that they are strongly decreased after the application of our method. Moreover, we present a new algorithm for time series analysis that differs from classical SVD decomposition and is best suited to the present data base. Accurate deformation time series are then derived over the metropolitan area of the city with a spatial resolution of 20 x 20 m. Finally, the nonlinear components of the deformation are modelised and analysed
Le, Roy Isabelle. "Analyse des performances instrumentales d'un radar à antenne active : développement d'un outil de simulation." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT156H.
Full textLevêque, Christophe. "Extension de la notion de filtre adapte bidimensionnel ; application aux images radar a ouverture synthetique." Toulon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOUL0011.
Full textLutz, Pascale. "Acquisitions multi-modes en radar géologique de surface." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3009.
Full textGround penetrating radar images can be signifiquently improved by multi-mode recordings. Surveys using several configurations of the antennas allow to deduce information on the incident wave sensitivity of the structures, their 3-D location and their depolarizing properties. Pseudo-sections characterized by a low degree of directionality or by a neutral acquisition mode have been computed from these multi-configuration datas, as well as maps of the polarization match factor. Polarimetric surveys have underlined the link between interface depolarization and unusual disturbing phenomena on TE mode common mid point gathers. Sections relative to a directive array of phase-shifted transmitters have been reconstructed from common receiver gathers. The beam adjusting towards several directions allows to a more precise reflector location, a greater maximal investigation depth and improvement concerning the " envelope maximum to envelope minimum ratio ". With the aim to carry out an actual array of transmitters in the [5-50] MHz range, single-element antennas have been built. These latters work properly as receivers and will allow to achieve our final aim. At present, the study consists in the design of the avalanche transistor generator
Gras, Vincent. "Caractérisation de la signature radar de la surface océanique et son application à la détection d'objets flottants." Télécom Bretagne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TELB0068.
Full textThe side looking synthetic aperture radar is an advancement of the radar technology that appeared in sixties years. This active hyperfrequency sensor gives rise to high resolution images of the earth surface, day and night and by any meteorological condition. This device underwent an important rise during the last decades and motivated for example the launch of earth observation satellites like SEASAT, ERS, J-ERS, RADARSAT and more recently TerraSAR-X. Less known, airborne SAR systems also exist. Most of them are used for research purpose and help to evaluate further teledetection application of the SAR sensor. In the field of this research, we should cite the multispectral airborne radar RAMSES exploited by the ONERA. In order to evaluate the potential of the SAR for surveillance application in maritime environment, we are interested in the detection of small floating objects over the sea surface. This problem is handled as a preceding step to the use of the detection theory. It consists in analysing, for the SAR sensor, the properties of the undesirable echoes of the ocean surface – the sea clutter – and those of the signal – the response of individual floating targets. For this purpose, a series of sea surface images were acquired by the RAMSES system, and are used to empirically fulfil this description. Despite the SAR potential, the resolution capability, the coverage of the scene, a great operating flexibility, it remains that this sensor badly puts up with imaging moving scenes, like the ocean surface, because of the “exposure time” – by analogy with photography – of the order of one second required to obtain a sharp radar image. The motion is a major characteristic of a marine scene because of wave propagation and wave breaking by strong wind. This problem motivates the achievement of an improved model of target signature in the sea clutter, and upon this basis, the development of a robust detection method, which is the purpose of this research
Fjørtoft, Roger. "Segmentation d'images radar par détection de contours." Toulouse, INPT, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPT020H.
Full textBen, Kassem Mohammed Jaouad. "SAR monostatique et bistatique : étude et analyse des méthodes de reconstruction d'imagerie radar." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2050.
Full textThe research works presented in this dissertation fall under the framework of the study and analysis of monostatic mapping radar methods in order to extend them to bistatic radar systems, taking into account polarisation of the emission and the reception. The selected configuration consists of a transmitter, a scene and a receiver, the whole system is animated of an unspecified movement. We defined iso-distances surfaces and iso-dopplers surfaces for various geometrical configurations of bistatic connection radar. The analysis of these surfaces makes it possible to extract information related to a given pixel from surface to map when the bistatic connection is moving. The objective is to model a system able to rebuild radar images of scenes in a definite polarisation base. A simulation tool was carried out, it will be integrated, later, in a development chain in order to test new methods of scenes characterisation based on polarimetric analysis
Monvoisin, Jean-Pascal. "Modélisation de la diffraction électromagnétique des surfaces végétalisées avec prise en compte de la topographie : application à l'étude des forêts tropicales et à la présence d'hydrocarbure sur le sol." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30177/document.
Full textThis work is in the general frame of coherent modelling of interaction between electromagnetic waves and surfaces with vegetation. Our objective is to develop an approach of the electromagnetic simulation taking into account topography and vegetation heterogeneities. Simulation results have been validated using numerous in-situ measurements. The corresponding code is then used for two issues. First one is the study of tropical forests to retrieve bio-geophysical properties (biomass, moisture). Second one is the consideration of hydrocarbons with short vegetation in a context of hydrocarbons characterization and exploration. This work is part of a program of research and innovation in remote sensing conducted jointly by ONERA and Total. The first step consisted in writing the coherent electromagnetic simulation code, taking into account the relief and the heterogeneity of the vegetation. For this purpose, the forest is represented by a variable stacking of pentahedral volume elements (voxels) to match the triangular mesh of the ground and to follow the irregularity of the canopy. After validating our code on theoretical examples, we have been able to study the effects of the relief on radar backscattering. Then, a vegetation description model for tropical forests was developed based on in-situ measurements and direct observations. This model generates the input data for our electromagnetic simulation code and it permitted to compare simulations with airborne and proximity measurements acquired by ONERA on two sites in Africa. Sensitivity studies on the input parameters of both the electromagnetic simulation code and the growth code are presented. In parallel, substitution models for the numerical code have been developed to perform the inversion of the bio-geophysical features versus the polarimetric radar data. These models are much faster while remaining accurate. An application to retrieval is presented: it is possible to retrieve some bio-geophysical characteristics of one forest (moisture, biomass ...) from a radar image set. Finally, a study on the effects of hydrocarbons on radar backscatter with short vegetation is presented.[...]
ARMAND, PIERRE. "Simulation du signal brut retrodiffuse par des cibles etendues illuminees par un radar a ouverture synthetique." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA077224.
Full textMéric, Stéphane. "Etude de l'influence et de la correction des mouvements perturbateurs pour imagerie radar a ouverture synthetique." Rennes, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAR0001.
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