Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Ramya, K. "Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.450.

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This paper briefly outlines the research and development activities in radar absorbing materials. Military defense scientists to the possibility of using coating materials to render aircraft or other military vehicles less visible to radar and, preferably, to control such visibility. The highly conducting surface of a metal vehicle is an excellent reflector of radar, but an absorbing layer would suppress the radar signal at the receiver station. Radar absorbing material currently in military and commercial use are typically composed of high concentrations of iron powders in a polymer matrix. These materials are both very heavy and very costly, two key limitations to their adoption for many applications. The performance of these coatings, particularly those using spherical particles, is dependent upon how closely the spheres are packed together. Thus the most efficient coating would be one approaching the density of solid iron with a minimum amount of resin included to electrically insulate the particles from one another. That is, the attenuation efficiency increases faster than the weight, so that a thinner coating with the same attenuation, can be used, providing an overall weight savings. Unfortunately, the particles, when produced, are of non-uniform diameter and not necessarily uniformly round. A window member composed of a transparent resin or inorganic glass with a transparent conducting film such as gold or ITO coated, is used as an electromagnetic wave shield window for stealth aircraft. However, the transparent conducting film, especially ceramic transparent conducting film such as ITO does not deform sufficiently to follow the deformation of the window material. Therefore the transparent conducting film might crack even with relatively little deformation, which can occur during an actual flight.
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Lagarkov, Andrey Nikolayevich, Vladimir Nikolayevich Kisel, and Vladimir Nikolayevich Semenenko. "Radar Absorbing Materials Based on Metamaterials." Advances in Science and Technology 75 (October 2010): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.75.215.

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The use of metamaterial for design of radar absorbing material (RAM) is discussed. The typical features of the frequency dependencies of , , ,  of composites manufactured of different types of resonant inclusions are given as an example. The RAM characteristics obtained by the use of the composites are given. It is shown that it is possible to use for RAM design the metamaterials with both the positive values of ,  and negative ones. Making use of the frequency band with negative  and  it is possible to create a RAM with low reflection coefficient in a wide range of the angles of electromagnetic wave incidence.
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Y. Al Jubory, Ammar. "Microwave Absorbing Characteristics Study of Three Layers Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)." Rafidain Journal of Science 20, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 160–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33899/rjs.2009.40230.

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Aytaç, Ayhan, Hüseyin İpek, Kadir Aztekin, and Burak Çanakçı. "A review of the radar absorber material and structures." Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces 198, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 931–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6064.

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The development of technologies that can rival the devices used by other countries in the defense industry, and more importantly, can disable their devices is becoming more critical. Radar absorber materials (RAM) make the detection of the material on the radar difficult because of absorbing a part of the electromagnetic wave sent by the radar. Considering that radar is one of the most important technologies used in the defense industry, the production of non-radar materials is vital for all countries in the world. Covering a gun platform with radar absorber material reduces the radar-cross-sectional area (RCA) value representing the visibility of that platform on the radar. This review aims to present the electromagnetic principles and developed Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) during decades from the 1960s. The frequency range 8-12 GHz in the electromagnetic spectrum is named the microwave region and used in airport radar applications. Revised basis of electromagnetic theory and defined by a variety of absorbent materials and some design classification types and techniques are described in this article.
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Krishna, K. Murali, Amit Jain, Hardeep Singh Kang, Mithra Venkatesan, Anurag Shrivastava, and Sitesh Kumar Singh. "Development of the Broadband Multilayer Absorption Materials with Genetic Algorithm up to 8 GHz Frequency." Security and Communication Networks 2022 (February 17, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4400412.

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A widely used genetic algorithm (GA) is endorsed to improve the design of a multilayer microwave radar absorbing material (MMRAM) which shows good absorption of radar waves over a broad frequency range. In this research, the authors have used genetic algorithm based on MMRAM which plays an important role in defense and civil applications. The scope of multilayer microwave radar absorbing material (MMRAM) is that it can absorb radar signals and reduce or eliminate their reflection. Its primary use is in defense and certain commercial enterprises. The multilayer RAM design demands the superiority of suitable materials to be used in different layers, a decision about multiple layers, and the optimum breadth of an individual layer. The permeability and permittivity of the materials varying with frequency in a fictitious material are used. The effect of change in thickness and the number of layers of RAM on reflectivity is studied. Since the material characteristics are frequency-dependent, different restrained conditions are used for frequency bands to identify the RAM that has good electromagnetic absorption in the frequency range of 1 to 8 GHz.
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Teber, Ahmet, Ibrahim Unver, Huseyin Kavas, Bekir Aktas, and Rajeev Bansal. "Knitted radar absorbing materials (RAM) based on nickel–cobalt magnetic materials." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 406 (May 2016): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2015.12.056.

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Chen, Xin, Xiang Xuan Liu, Xuan Jun Wang, and Yuan Liu. "Optimized Design for Multi-Layer Absorbing Materials Based on Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 681 (April 2013): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.681.324.

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In order to synthesize the multi-layer radar absorbing materials (RAM) with a thin thickness and wide bandwidth, accelerating genetic algorithm (GA) with constraints and elitist strategy is employed to design the multi-layer RAM satisfied by a special value of reflection loss to electromagnetic wave. Given predefined available materials with frequency-dependent permittivity and permeability, the GA technique determines the optimal material choice for each layer and its thickness. The algorithm was successfully applied to the synthesis of double-layer to four-layers RAM coatings in the frequency range of 2-18GHz,and the optimization results was evaluated.
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Muratov, D. G., L. V. Kozhitov, A. V. Popkova, E. Yu Korovin, E. V. Yakushko, and M. R. Bakirov. "Study of the radar absorption of metal-carbon nanocomposites (review)." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 89, no. 1 (January 21, 2023): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-1-35-45.

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Development of the technology for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles of metals and alloys has opened up the possibility of their use in the field of radar-absorbing materials (RAM). The results of studying the properties of nanocomposites, method for the synthesis of metal-carbon nanocomposites by pyrolysis using infrared heating are reviewed. The magnetic, electromagnetic, and radar-absorbing properties of the obtained nanocomposites depending on the synthesis temperature and metal concentration were studied. It is shown that the chosen metals, alloys (FeCo) and carbon material are effective for isolating magnetic nanoparticles when developing hybrid radar-absorbing composites. Moreover, methods for controlling the radar-absorbing properties of hybrid composites and the prospects for improving the impedance matching are considered. An analysis of the efficiency of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by FeCo/C nanocomposites synthesized by different methods is presented. The possibility of controlling the morphology and properties of metal-carbon nanocomposites using certain approaches to synthesis, varying the compositions of precursors, and the orientation of FeCo nanoparticles synthesized in the form of flakes in the composite has been revealed. The results of the study can be used to improve the technique of using FeCo/C nanocomposites obtained by pyrolysis of organometallic precursors based on polyacrylonitrile in the field of radar-absorbing materials.
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Zainuri, Mochamad, and Dina Andryani. "Characterization of BaM and PaNi-Based Radar Absorbency (RAM) Behavior with Multilayer Geometry Structure for X-Band Absorption." Materials Science Forum 966 (August 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.966.54.

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Behavioral characterization of radar absorbent material consisting of Polyaniline (PaNi) and Barium M-Hexaferrite (BaM) has been successfully synthesized by solid state method. Polyaniline conductive material was synthesized using the polymerization method with DBSA dopant. A Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) is characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Four Point Probe (FPP), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The ion Zn 2+ is dopping into the BAM structure, where Zn 2+ ions replace Fe2+ ions in Hexaferrite barium so that the phase becomes soft magnetic materials . RAM and PANi particles are combined with ship paint to form radar wave absorbent coatings. The layer is coated with multilayer geometry on AH 36 type A steel, with thicknesses of 2.4 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.8 mm and 6 mm respectively. The X-band wave absorption was identified by VNA testing, where the maximum reflection loss value was found at 6mm thickness with a reflection loss value - 32.6 dB at 8.4 GHz frequency. Reflection loss values of multilayer variations with a thickness of 2.4 mm, 3.6mm and 4.8mm each have reflection loss values of -8.02 dB, -19.13 dB and -28.9 dB respectively in the x band frequency range.
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Sivakoti, Kavya Kumari, Mamatha Basava, Rao Venkata Balaga, and Balarama Murty Sannidhi. "Design Optimization of Radar Absorbing Materials Using Particle Swarm Optimization." International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 113–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijamc.2017100107.

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Microwave absorbers have numerous applications in the modern-day military and civil industries. This paper presents the performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain optimal designs for multilayer microwave absorber over different frequency ranges. The goal of this optimization is to make decision about number of layers, selection of suitable combination of materials from a predefined database, thereby minimizing the overall reflection coefficient and designing a low weight electromagnetic absorber, which absorbs the maximum amount of incident electromagnetic energy. Microwave absorbers or radar absorbing materials (RAM) performance is studied by varying thickness and number of layers. For each different configuration obtained with PSO, simulated results are presented. The best results obtained using PSO are compared with those obtained using another optimization technique, genetic algorithm and also compared with the results computed using standard RCS computation software.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Sudhendra, Chandrika. "A Novel Chip Resistor Spacecloth For Radar Absorbing Materials." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/280.

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Spacecloth design and development is vital and crucial in Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) for achieving Low Observability in an Aircraft or an Unmanned Air Vehicle(UAV). The RAM design translates into the spacecloth design. The spacecloths form the constituent layers in a broadband Jaumann absorber in which case they have to be designed for various values of surface resistivity. The design specifications of spacecloth(s) in RAMS is well understood and documented in literature. But the design of spacecloth hitherto, has been the domain of materials' scientists wherein the specified properties of the spacecloth are achieved by an iterative, trial and error process, by mixing various constituents in different proportions to get the design specified surface resistivity in the final end-product. In an effort to bridge this gap, a novel spacecloth for RAM applications is proposed in the thesis. It is proposed that a repetitive geometrical grid network of chip resistors simulates spacecloth. The sheet resistivity of the spacecloth is derived by analyzing various geometries like square, rectangle, triangle and hexagonal grids. The transmission and reflection loss for the chip resistor spacecloth is derived. The design of chip resistor spacecloths for operation at S and C bands is given followed by experimental verification using waveguide simulator experiments. Numerical study of multilayer RAM has been carried out with exponential taper variation of surface resistivities for constituent spacecloth layers and design curves are given for multilayer RAM both for normal and oblique incidence for TE and TM polarizations.
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Sudhendra, Chandrika. "A Novel Chip Resistor Spacecloth For Radar Absorbing Materials." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/280.

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Spacecloth design and development is vital and crucial in Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM) for achieving Low Observability in an Aircraft or an Unmanned Air Vehicle(UAV). The RAM design translates into the spacecloth design. The spacecloths form the constituent layers in a broadband Jaumann absorber in which case they have to be designed for various values of surface resistivity. The design specifications of spacecloth(s) in RAMS is well understood and documented in literature. But the design of spacecloth hitherto, has been the domain of materials' scientists wherein the specified properties of the spacecloth are achieved by an iterative, trial and error process, by mixing various constituents in different proportions to get the design specified surface resistivity in the final end-product. In an effort to bridge this gap, a novel spacecloth for RAM applications is proposed in the thesis. It is proposed that a repetitive geometrical grid network of chip resistors simulates spacecloth. The sheet resistivity of the spacecloth is derived by analyzing various geometries like square, rectangle, triangle and hexagonal grids. The transmission and reflection loss for the chip resistor spacecloth is derived. The design of chip resistor spacecloths for operation at S and C bands is given followed by experimental verification using waveguide simulator experiments. Numerical study of multilayer RAM has been carried out with exponential taper variation of surface resistivities for constituent spacecloth layers and design curves are given for multilayer RAM both for normal and oblique incidence for TE and TM polarizations.
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Pessoa, R?gia Chacon. "Estudo das caracter?sticas magn?ticas e absorvedoras das ferritas de nizn, niznmn, mnzn, nimg, nicuzn e nicuznmg obtidas via m?todo do citrato precursor." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17716.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RegiaCP_TESE.pdf: 5580865 bytes, checksum: b0d574167afcc48aece0c780848733c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-22
Universidade Estadual de Roraima
Were synthesized systems Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, i0,2Zn0,5Mn0,3Fe2O4, Mn0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,5Mg0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Fe2O4 and Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Mg0,08Fe2O4, the precursors citrate method. The decomposition of the precursors was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopy in the infrared region, the temperature of 350?C/3h. The evolution of the phases formed after calcinations at 350, 500, 900 and 1100?C/3h was accompanied by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement to better identify the structures formed. The materials were also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and analysis of the reflectivity of the material. The samples calcined at different temperatures showed an increase of crystallinity with increasing calcination temperature, verifying that for some compositions at temperatures above 500?C precipitates of second phase such as hematite and CuO. The compositions of manganese present in the structure diffusion processes slower due to the ionic radius of manganese is greater than for other ions substitutes, a fact that delays the stabilization of spinel structure and promotes the precipitation of second phase. The compositions presented with copper precipitation CuO phase at a temperature of 900 and 1100?C/3h This occurs according to the literature because the concentration of copper in the structure is greater than 0.25 mol%. The magnetic measurements revealed features of a soft ferrimagnetic material, resulting in better magnetic properties for the NiZn ferrite and NiCuZnMg at high temperatures. The reflectivity measurements showed greater absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band for the samples calcined at 1100?C/3h, which has higher crystallite size and consequently the formation of multi-domain, increasing the magnetization of the material. The results of absorption agreed with the magnetic measurements, indicating among the ferrites studied, those of NiZn and NiCuZnMg as better absorbing the incident radiation.
Foram sintetizados os sistemas Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Zn0,5Mn0,3Fe2O4, Mn0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,5Mg0,5Fe2O4, Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Fe2O4 e Ni0,2Cu0,3Zn0,5Mg0,08Fe2O4, pelo m?todo dos citratos precursores. A decomposi??o dos precursores foi estudada por an?lise termogravim?trica e espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho, na temperatura de 350?C/3h. A evolu??o das fases formadas ap?s as calcina??es a 350, 500, 900 e 1100?C/3h foi acompanhada por difra??o de raios X utilizando o refinamento de Rietveld, para melhor identifica??o das estruturas formadas. Os materiais foram tamb?m analisados por microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, medidas magn?ticas e an?lise da refletividade do material. As amostras calcinadas em diferentes temperaturas indicaram um aumento da cristalinidade com o aumento da temperatura de calcina??o, verificando-se que, para algumas composi??es, em temperaturas acima de 500?C ocorre a precipita??o de segunda fase, como hematita e CuO. As composi??es com mangan?s na estrutura apresentaram processos de difus?o mais lentos devido ao raio i?nico do mangan?s ser maior em rela??o aos outros ?ons substituintes, fato que retarda a estabiliza??o da estrutura espin?lio e favorece a precipita??o de segunda fase. As composi??es com cobre apresentaram precipita??o da fase CuO na temperatura de 900 e 1100?C/3h, fato que ocorre segundo a literatura porque a concentra??o de cobre na estrutura ? maior que 0,25 mol%. As medidas magn?ticas revelaram racter?sticas de um material ferrimagn?tico macio, obtendo-se melhores ar?metros magn?ticos para as ferritas de NiZn e NiCuZnMg em altas temperaturas. As medidas de refletividade mostraram maior absor??o da radia??o eletromagn?tica na faixa de microondas para as amostras calcinadas a 1100?C/3h, que tem maior tamanho do cristalito e em conseq??ncia forma??o de multidom?nios, aumentando a magnetiza??o do material. Os resultados de absor??o concordaram com as medidas magn?ticas, indicando dentre as ferritas estudadas, as de NiZn e NiCuZnMg como melhores absorvedoras da radia??o incidente.
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Rodrigues, Manuella Karla da Cruz. "Estudo da viabiliza??o do uso da mistura h?brida ferrocarbonila / ferrita de NI0,5Zn0,5Fe2o4 como material absorvedor de radia??o eletromagn?tica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17652.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Were synthesized ferrites of NiZn on systems Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, the precursors citrate method. The decomposition of the precursors was studied by thermogravimetric analysis and spectroscopy in the infrared region, the temperature of 350?C/3h. The evolution of the phases formed after calcinations at 350?C/3h, 600, 1000 and 1100?C/2h was accompanied by X-ray diffraction using the Rietveld refinement method for better identification os structures formed. Was observed for samples calcined at different temperatures increased crystallinity with increasing calcination temperature, being observed for the samples calcined at 900 and 1100 ? C/2h was the precipitation of a secondary phase, the phase hematite. The ferrocarbonila of industrial origin was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld for the identification of its structure. The carbonyl iron was added NiZn ferrite calcined at 350?C/3h, 600, 900, 1000 and 1100?C/2h to the formation of hybrid mixtures. They were then analyzed by Xray diffraction and Rietveld. The NiZn ferrite and ferrocarbonila as well as the hybrid mixtures were subjected to analysis of scanning electron microscopy, magnetic measurements and reflectivity. The magnetic measurements indicated that the ferrite, the ferrocarbonila, as well as hybrid mixtures showed characteristics of soft magnetic material. The addition of ferrocarbonila in all compositions showed an increase in the results of magnetic measurements and reflectivity. Best result was observed in the increase of the magnetization for the hybrid mixture of Ferrocarbonila / ferrite of NiZn calcined at 600?C/2h. The mixture Ferrocarbonila / ferrite calcined 1000?C/2h presented better absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the microwave
Foram sintetizadas ferritas de NiZn no sistema Ni0,5Zn0,5Fe2O4, pelo m?todo dos citratos precursores. A decomposi??o dos precursores foi estudada por an?lise termogravim?trica e espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho na temperatura de 350?C/3h. A evolu??o das fases formadas ap?s calcina??es a 350?C/3h, 600, 1000 e 1100?C/2h foi acompanhada por difra??o de raios X utilizando o refinamento de Rietveld para melhor identifica??o das estruturas formadas. Foi observado para as amostras calcinadas em diferentes temperaturas o aumento da cristalinidade com o aumento da temperatura de calcina??o, sendo verificado que para as amostras calcinadas a 900 e 1100?C/2h ocorreu a precipita??o de uma fase secund?ria, a fase hematita. A ferrocarbonila de proced?ncia industrial foi analisada por Difra??o de raios X e por Rietveld para a identifica??o de sua estrutura. A ferrocarbonila foi adicionada ? ferrita de NiZn calcinada a 350?C/3h, 600, 1000 e 1100?C/2h para a forma??o das misturas h?bridas. Em seguida foram analisadas por difra??o de raios X e por Rietveld. A ferrita de NiZn, a ferrocarbonila, assim como as misturas h?bridas foram submetidas ? an?lises de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura, medidas magn?ticas e refletividade. As medidas magn?ticas indicaram que a ferrita, a ferrocarbonila, como tamb?m as misturas h?bridas apresentaram caracter?sticas de material magn?tico macios. A adi??o de ferrocarbonila em todas as composi??es indicou um aumento nos resultados de medidas magn?ticas e de refletividade. Foi verificado melhor resultado no aumento da magnetiza??o para a mistura h?brida de Ferrocarbonila/ferrita de NiZn calcinada 600?C/2h. A mistura Ferrocarbonila/ferrita calcinada 1000?C/2h apresentou melhor resultado absor??o da radia??o eletromagn?tica na faixa de microondas em rela??o ?s outras misturas
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Ford, Lee. "Adaptive radar signature control with the use of radar absorbing materials." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398391.

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Yildirim, Egemen. "Development Of Multi-layered Circuit Analog Radar Absorbing Structures." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614314/index.pdf.

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A fast and efficient method for the design of multi-layered circuit analog absorbing structures is developed. The method is based on optimization of specular reflection coefficient of a multi-layered absorbing structure comprising of lossy FSS layers by using Genetic Algorithm and circuit equivalent models of FSS layers. With the introduced method, two illustrative absorbing structures are designed with -15 dB reflectivity for normal incidence case in the frequency bands of 10-31 GHz and 5-46 GHz, respectively. To the author&rsquo
s knowledge, designed absorbers are superior in terms of frequency bandwidth to similar studies conducted so far in the literature. For broadband scattering characterization of periodic structures, numerical codes are developed. The introduced method is improved with the employment of developed FDTD codes to the proposed method. By taking the limitations regarding production facilities into consideration, a five-layered circuit analog absorber is designed and manufactured. It is shown that the manufactured structure is capable of 15 dB reflectivity minimization in a frequency band of 3.2-12 GHz for normal incidence case with an overall thickness of 14.2 mm.
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Sharma, Reena. "Scattering From Chiral And Chirally Coated Bodies." Thesis, 1996. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1572.

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Sharma, Reena. "Scattering From Chiral And Chirally Coated Bodies." Thesis, 1996. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1572.

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He, Ying-Hsien, and 何應賢. "The study of Radar absorbing materials." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64956476451386367298.

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碩士
國防大學中正理工學院
兵器系統工程研究所
94
In this study, the electromagnetic wave absorbing (EMA) properties of graphite/epoxy sheets were investigated. The hybrid graphite/epoxy sheets were fabricated with the addition of graphite into epoxy resin. The graphite size, thickness of sheets, and weight amount varied for optimizing absorbing sheets. The corresponding EMAs of graphite sheets were measured by a free space vector network analyzer in the frequency range of 3~18 GHz. The experimental results have demonstrated that the graphite/epoxy sheets effectively absorb the electromagnetic wave, especially for the frequency of X-band range. The demand of light for EMA is therefore reached for further applications. The dispersion of graphites in the epoxy resin affects the microwave absorbing characteristics. The value of F*D decreases with the addition of ED211 up to 10 wt%. Nevertheless, the value increases when the weight amount higher than 10 wt%. With increasing the graphite particle size, the dielectric constant of the hybrid sheets increases and causes the microwave absorbing frequency shifts to lower frequency. As a usual, the value of F*D keeps the same for materials. In this case, the absorbing frequency also decreases with increasing the thickness. The dielectric constant increases with increasing the weight percentage of graphite, and, as a result, the absorbing frequency shifts to low frequency. The hybrid sheets mixed with G30 graphite powder absorb the loss more than 20 dB at a thickness of less than 1.0 mm with a density of 1.3kg/m2. The EMA of G30 sheets slightly modulates with the additions of carbonyl-iron, NG300, and G01 particles. The addition of ferrite could extend the 3 % lossy at the refection loss of 10 dB.
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MARRA, FABRIZIO. "Development of Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Radar Absorbing Materials." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/879804.

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Novel graphene-based nanocomposites, consisting of a polymeric-based system filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are developed for application as low-cost lightweight electromagnetic shielding materials. A significant challenge in radar absorbing materials (RAM) technology is the development of lightweight absorbing materials with frequency selective properties for EM shielding and EM decoupling among radiating systems and antenna arrays. In fact, frequency selective radar-absorbing materials (FS-RAM) would allow the selective EM shielding of a specific frequency simultaneously providing low-reflectivity, which is a key-requirement in the case of multiple systems installed in closed bays, in order to avoid hot spots, as well as the case of open-sites, in order to avoid coupling between radiating antennas and EM shielding configurations. This work presents a series of strategies to obtain graphene-based nanocomposites with improved electromagnetic, electrical and mechanical properties. The main scope of this study is the scale-up of the fabrication processes, towards large-scale aeronautical distribution. To this purpose the use of commercially available GNP-powders are investigated, and incorporated into different thermosetting and thermoplastic resin systems. The complex dielectric permittivity of the resulting composites is studied in the frequency range between 8-12 GHz, and fitted through a novel multiscale Maxwell Garnett-based model that can estimate the agglomeration state of the nanofiller. The results show that the different electromagnetic and mechanical behaviors of the final composites, are conditioned by the interaction between the GNP in the different resins systems, and the filler concentration, as illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy.
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Books on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. Radar Absorbing Materials. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9.

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Vinoy, K. J. Radar absorbing materials: From theory to design and characterization. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1996.

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Skorupa, John A. Self-protective measures to enhance airlift operations in hostile environments. 5th ed. Maxwell Air Force Base: Air University Press, 2004.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. Radar Absorbing Materials: From Theory to Design and Characterization. Springer, 2011.

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Micheli, Davide. Radar Absorbing Materials and Microwave Shielding Structures Design: By using Multilayer Composite Materials, Nanomaterials and Evolutionary Computation. LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Trends in RAM." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 169–73. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_7.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Electromagnetic Design of RAM." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 97–141. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_4.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Fundamental Electromagnetic Concepts for RAM." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 19–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_2.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Identification and Applications of RAM." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 159–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_6.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Mathematical Analysis for RAM on Surfaces." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 51–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_3.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Introduction." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 1–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_1.

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Vinoy, K. J., and R. M. Jha. "Absorber Characterization Techniques." In Radar Absorbing Materials, 143–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0473-9_5.

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Jiang, Shicai, Li Ying Xing, and Bin Tai Li. "Study on a Novel Radar Absorbing Structure Composite." In Materials Science Forum, 1023–28. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.1023.

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Jiang, Shicai, Li Ying Xing, Bin Tai Li, and Xiang Bao Chen. "Optimization of Radar Absorbing Structure Using the Genetic Algorithm." In Materials Science Forum, 1603–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.1603.

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Mansoori, Mariam, Safieh Almahmoud, and Daniel Choi. "Development of a Metamaterial Honeycomb Structure for Radar Absorbing Materials." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1341–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22524-6_130.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Truong, Vo-Van, Ben D. Turner, Richard F. Muscat, and M. S. Russo. "Conducting-polymer-based radar-absorbing materials." In Far East and Pacific Rim Symposium on Smart Materials, Structures, and MEMS, edited by Alex Hariz, Vijay K. Varadan, and Olaf Reinhold. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.293483.

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Toktas, Abdurrahim, Deniz Ustun, Enes Yigit, Kadir Sabanci, and Mustafa Tekbas. "Optimally Synthesizing Multilayer Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm." In 2018 XXIIIrd International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/diped.2018.8543261.

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Şentürk, Berkant, and Hüsnügül Yılmaz Atay. "Production of Radar Absorbing Composite Materials Using Carbon Nanotubes." In 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.046.

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In order to increase the combat effectiveness of any platform or long-range munition in use today, it is necessary to reduce its visibility to radar. In this sense, important development in radar systems started after World War II. The interaction between electromagnetic waves at radar frequencies and different materials was investigated, electromagnetic radiation absorption mechanism; it has been observed that the materials consist of electrical, magnetic and dielectric properties. In line with this information, radar absorbing material design studies gained momentum. A significant development in radar systems of stealth technology made radar absorbing materials RAMs gaining a long-standing interest as a possible way to disguise aircrafts and submarines from radar systems. Carbon nanotubes and magnetic materials such as Fe, Ni, and Co have attracted researchers' significant interest as radar absorbers. In recent years, numerous studies have been made using carbon nanotubes due to their unique properties. However, few studies have considered the influence of both particle size and weight fraction. This work aims to produce material with unique properties such as solid absorption, low weight/thickness, and cost-effective, minimizing the reflection of electromagnetic waves using a polymeric composite structure reinforced with carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes with different particles sizes of 8 nm,18 nm, and 78 nm were mixed with polyester in different weight fractions of 1%, 2%, and 3%. Three different composites structures were prepared in single, double, and three layers. Composites were characterized using XRD, SEM, and network analyzer in the frequency range of 8 to12 GHz. According to the results, it was observed that radar absorption increased with the increase in grain size, but the number of layers had no linear effect on the results. Network analyzer results show that the minimum reflection loss value at 9.9 GHz with a thickness of 1.5 mm is −33.1 dB, and the effective bandwidth is 9.9 GHz. Multi-layer carbon nanotubes composites might be a potential radar absorber because of their flexibility to adjust their absorption band to fit different applications in different frequency bands by modifying their particle sizes and weight.
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Smith, F. C. "A review of UK facilities for characterizing the performance of radar absorbing material (RAM)." In Ninth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP). IEE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19950347.

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Mackay, A. J. "The Theory and Design of Provably Optimal Bandwidth Radar Absorbent Materials (RAM) using Dispersive Structures and/or Frequency Selective Surfaces (FSS)." In 2007 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceaa.2007.4387261.

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Mitrano, C., A. Balzano, M. Bertacca, M. Flaccavento, and R. Mancinelli. "CFRP-based broad-band Radar Absorbing Materials." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4720745.

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Afsar, Mohammed N. "Millimeter wave radar absorbing materials." In 18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2298519.

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NIELSEN, DEVIN, JUHYEONG LEE, and YOUNG-WOO NAM. "DESIGN OF COMPOSITE DOUBLE-SLAB RADAR ABSORBING STRUCTURES USING FORWARD, INVERSE, AND TANDEM NEURAL NETWORKS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36409.

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The survivability and mission of a military aircraft is often designed with minimum radar cross section (RCS) to ensure its long-term operation and maintainability. To reduce aircraft’s RCS, a specially formulated Radar Absorbing Structures (RAS) is primarily applied to its external skins. A Ni-coated glass/epoxy composite is a recent RAS material system designed for decreasing the RCS for the X-band (8.2 – 12.4 GHz), while maintaining efficient and reliable structural performance to function as the skin of an aircraft. Experimentally measured and computationally predicted radar responses (i.e., return loss responses in specific frequency ranges) of multi-layered RASs are expensive and labor-intensive. Solving their inverse problems for optimal RAS design is also challenging due to their complex configuration and physical phenomena. An artificial neural network (ANN) is a machine learning method that uses existing data from experimental results and validated models (i.e., transfer learning) to predict complex behavior. Training an ANN can be computationally expensive; however, training is a one-time cost. In this work, three different Three ANN models are presented for designing dual slab Ni-coated glass/epoxy composite RASs: (1) the feedforward neural network (FNN) model, (2) the inverse neural network (INN) model – an inverse network, which maintains a parallel structure to the FNN model, and (3) the tandem neural network (TNN) model – an alternative to the INN model which uses a pre-trained FNN in the training process. The FNN model takes the thicknesses of dual slab RASs to predict their returns loss in the X-band range. The INN model solves the inverse problem for the FNN model. The TNN model is established with a pretrained FNN to train an INN that exactly reverses the operation done in the FNN rather than solving the inverse problem independently. These ANN models will assist in reducing the time and cost for designing dual slab (and further extension to multi-layered) RASs.
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Sidorenko, Eugene N., Yuri V. Kabirov, Ivan I. Nathin, Tatiana Y. Privalova, Mark Belokobylskiy, and Artem Klochnev. "Radar-Absorbing Composite Materials Based on Carboxylmethylcellulose Matrix." In 2021 Radiation and Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves (RSEMW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsemw52378.2021.9494058.

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Tennant, Alan, and Barry Chambers. "Adaptive radar absorbing structures with active FSS." In SPIE's International Symposium on Smart Materials, Nano-, and Micro- Smart Systems, edited by Alan R. Wilson. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.468647.

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Reports on the topic "Radar Absorbing Materials (RAM)"

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Maragoudakis, Christos E., and Vernon Kopsa. Effects of Radar Absorbing Material (RAM) on the Radiated Power of Monopoles with Finite Ground Plane. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada494124.

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Jianguo, He, Lu Zhongliang, and Su Yi. Experimental Investigation of Impulse Radar for Mitigation of Effects of Radar Absorbing Materials,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada294166.

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