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Journal articles on the topic 'Radar Detection'
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1
Rudys, Saulius, Paulius Ragulis, Andrius Laučys, Domantas Bručas, Raimondas Pomarnacki, and Darius Plonis. "Investigation of UAV Detection by Different Solid-State Marine Radars." Electronics 11, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 2502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11162502.
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The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies provides not only benefits but also threats. UAV technologies are developing faster than means of detecting and neutralizing them. Radar technology is one of the means of UAV detection which provides the longest detection range. Today’s market provides low-cost solid-state marine radar working on FMCW and pulse-compression principles of operation. Despite such radars having attractive features, they were not designed for UAV detection. Although they are not optimal, they could be used for UAV detection. The detection possibility of UAVs by marine radars was investigated by using three types of radars and two types of small UAVs as targets. Radar cross-section measurements of the targets were made in laboratory conditions.
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Oh, Soo Young, Kyu Ho Cha, Hayoung Hong, Hongsoo Park, and Sun K. Hong. "Measurement of Nonlinear RCS of Electronic Targets for Nonlinear Detection." Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science 22, no. 4 (July 31, 2022): 447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26866/jees.2022.4.r.108.
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The conventional radar technology is based on linear detection—i.e., the same transmit and receive frequencies are used. However, with linear radars, difficulties arise when detecting electronic objects with relatively small radar cross section (RCS). To overcome these limitations, a nonlinear radar that can detect nonlinear responses (i.e., harmonic and intermodulation) scattered by electronic devices due to nonlinear interaction can be utilized. Nonlinear radars require a different analysis from linear radars for analyzing RCS. In this paper, we present an experimental analysis of the nonlinear RCS of various electronic devices. Unlike linear radars, RCS in nonlinear radars is determined by the amount of nonlinear responses backscattered to the radar. Therefore, we derive a radar equation accustomed to harmonic radars that consists of nonlinear RCS. We then obtain and analyze the nonlinear RCS of various targets from the measured harmonic responses of the targets based on the nonlinear radar equation.
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Tahcfulloh, Syahfrizal, and Muttaqin Hardiwansyah. "Parameter Estimation and Target Detection of Phased-MIMO Radar Using Capon Estimator." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v20.60-69.
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Phased-Multiple Input Multiple Output (PMIMO) radar is multi-antenna radar that combines the main advantages of the phased array (PA) and the MIMO radars. The advantage of the PA radar is that it has a high directional coherent gain making it suitable for detecting distant and small radar cross-section (RCS) targets. Meanwhile, the main advantage of the MIMO radar is its high waveform diversity gain which makes it suitable for detecting multiple targets. The combination of these advantages is manifested by the use of overlapping subarrays in the transmit (Tx) array to improve the performance of parameters such as angle resolution and detection accuracy at amplitude and phase proportional to the maximum number of detectable targets. This paper derives a parameter estimation formula with Capon's adaptive estimator and evaluates it for the performance of these parameters. Likewise, derivation for expressions of detection performance such as the probability of false alarm and the probability of detection is also given. The effectiveness and validation of its performance are compared to conventional estimator for other types of radars in terms of the effect of the number of target angles, the RCS of targets, and variations in the number of subarrays at Tx of this radar. Meanwhile, the detection performance is evaluated based on the effect of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the number of subarrays at Tx. The evaluation results of the estimator show that it is superior to the conventional estimator for estimating the parameters of this radar as well as the detection performance. Having no sidelobe makes this estimator strong against the influence of interference and jamming so that it is suitable and attractive for the design of radar systems. Root mean square error (RMSE) on magnitude detection from LS and Capon estimators were 0.033 and 0.062, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection performance for this radar has the probability of false alarm above 10-4 and the probability of detection of more than 99%.
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Kovalevskii, S. "STUDY OF DETECTION AND RADAR STEALTH PINPOINT AIR OBJECTS." Системи управління, навігації та зв’язку. Збірник наукових праць 1, no. 59 (February 26, 2020): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/sunz.2020.1.137.
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The subject study of the article is to identify radar stealth and pinpoint aerial objects used in the national economy during their operation. The article is research process efficiency in detecting radar stealth and pinpoint aerial objects. The problem to be solved – just ification of technical solutions and their implementation in practice of detecting radar stealth and pinpoint air objects will improve efficiency in their radar detection by applying detection device using stealth and pinpoint lights overhead objects used in the national economy, which is offered. The article reviewed: promising ways to improve the detection of small aircraft and stealth objects of the simultaneous use of its properties and effective surface scattering algorithm using optimal processing signals reflected stealth and pinpoint objects in the air and block diagram using backlight stealth and pinpoint multiple objects overhead space-spaced transmitter block diagram detection device using the backlight stealth and pinpoint multiple objects overhead space-spaced transmitters, which corresponds to one volume and one separate speed channel being developed. Conclusion: The proposed technical solutions should be used as the modernization of existing radars and in creating advanced radar designs
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Cha, Kyuho, Sooyoung Oh, Hayoung Hong, Hongsoo Park, and Sun K. Hong. "Detection of Electronic Devices Using FMCW Nonlinear Radar." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 6086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166086.
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Nonlinear radars can be utilized to detect electronic devices, which are difficult to detect with conventional radars due to their small radar cross sections (RCS). Since the receiver in a nonlinear radar is designed to only receive harmonic or intermodulated echoes from electronic devices, it is able to separate electronic devices from non-electronic scatters (clutter) by rejecting their echoes at fundamental frequencies. This paper presents a harmonic-based nonlinear radar scheme utilizing frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signals for the detection of various electronic devices at short range. Using a laboratory experiment setup for FMCW radar at S-band for Tx (C-band for Rx), measurements are carried out to detect electronic devices of various sizes. The results show that the detection of small electronic devices is possible with nonlinear FMCW radar when appropriate system parameters are selected. Furthermore, we also discuss the maximum detectable range estimation for electronic targets using the radar range equation for FMCW nonlinear radar.
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Mazurek, Gustaw, Krzysztof Kulpa, Mateusz Malanowski, and Aleksander Droszcz. "Experimental Seaborne Passive Radar." Sensors 21, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 2171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21062171.
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Passive bistatic radar does not emit energy by itself but relies on the energy emitted by illuminators of opportunity, such as radio or television transmitters. Ground-based passive radars are relatively well-developed, as numerous demonstrators and operational systems are being built. Passive radar on a moving platform, however, is a relatively new field. In this paper, an experimental seaborne passive radar system is presented. The radar uses digital radio (DAB) and digital television (DVB-T) for target detection. Results of clutter analysis are presented, as well as detections of real-life targets.
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Baranov, G., R. Gabruk, and I. Gorishna. "Features of Usіng Pulse-Doppler Radars for Determіnatіon Low-Altіtude Targets." Metrology and instruments, no. 2 (May 3, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33955/2307-2180(2)2019.62-66.
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In this paper, we analyzed the features of Doppler processing in radars. In ground based radars, the amount of clutter in the radar receiver depends heavily on the radar-to-target geometry. The amount clutter is considerably higher when the radar beam has to face toward the ground. Furthermore, radars employing high PRFs have to deal with an increased amount of clutter due to folding in range. Clutter introduces additional difficulties for airborne radars when detecting ground targets and other targets flying at low altitudes. This is illustrated in Fig. 10.5. Returns from ground clutter emanate from ranges equal to the radar altitude to those which exceed the slant range along the main-beam, with considerable clutter returns in the side-lobes and main-beam. The presence of such large amounts of clutter interferes with radar detection capabilities and makes it extremely difficult to detect targets in the look-down mode. This difficulty in detecting ground or low altitude targets has led to the development of pulse Doppler radars where other targets, kinematics such as Doppler effects are exploited to enhance detection. Pulse Doppler radars utilize high PRFs to increases the average transmitted power and rely on target's Doppler frequency for detection. The increase in the average transmitted power leads to an improved SNR which helps the detection process. However, using high PRFs compromise the radar's ability to detect long range target because of range ambiguities associated with high PRF applications.
Techniques such as using specialized Doppler filters to reject clutter are very effective and are often employed by pulse Doppler radars. Pulse Doppler radars can measure target Doppler frequency (or its range rate) fairly accurately and use the fact that ground clutter typically possesses limited Doppler shift when compared with moving targets to separate the two returns. Clutter filtering is used to remove both main-beam and altitude clutter returns, and fast moving target detection is done effectively by exploiting its Doppler frequency. In many modern pulse Doppler radars the limiting factor in detecting slow moving targets is not clutter but rather another source of noise referred to as phase noise generated from the receiver local oscillator instabilities.
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Cao, Yu Peng, Yang Zhang, Jun Luo, Fu Sheng Jian, Xi Guo Dai, Zhu Qun Zhai, Xiao Ying Ma, et al. "Simulation Detection Power of Shore-Based Radar under the Influence of Sea Clutter." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1200–1204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1200.
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According to the principle of electromagnetic wave propagation and the model of radar multipath propagation, this paper established radar detection power model in natural space under the impact of sea clutter, and on condition that conducting simulations to study detection power of shore-based radars on different altitudes and different operating frequencies. Simulation results indicate that when the radar operating frequency is constant, with the erection height increases, the detection range will increase at the same time, while significantly reduced about blind region. When the radar erection height is constant, blind region is filled with radars working at C, S and X operating frequencies. The effect of blind filling is of great importance for adjacent bands. This paper provides theoretical reference analysis for radar detection power assessing and overall with a strong engineering application value.
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Briggs, John N. "Detection of Marine Radar Targets." Journal of Navigation 49, no. 3 (September 1996): 394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300013618.
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A radar must detect targets before it can display them. Yet manufacturers' data sheets rarely tell us what the products will detect at what range. Many of the bigger radars are Type Approved so we consult the relevant IMO performance standard A 477 (XII). Paraphrasing Section 3.1 of the draft forthcoming revision (NAV 41/6): under normal propagation conditions with the scanner at height of 15 m, in the absence of clutter, the radar is required to give clear indication of an object such as a navigational buoy having a radar cross section area (RCS) of 10 m2 at 2 n.m. and, as examples, coastlines whose ground rises to 60/6 m at ranges of 20/7 n.m., a ship of 5000 tons at any aspect at 7 n.m. and a small vessel 10 m long at 3 n.m.This helps, but suppose we must pick up a 5 m2 buoy at g km? What happens in clutter? Should we prefer S- or X-band? To answer such questions we use equations which define the performance of surveillance radars, but the textbooks and specialist papers containing them often generalize with aeronautical and defence topics, making life difficult for the nonspecialist.This paper attempts a concise and self-contained engineering account of all main factors affecting detection of passive and active targets on civil marine and vessel traffic service (VTS) radars. We develop a set of equations for X- and S-band (3 and 10 cm, centred on 9400 and 3000 MHz respectively), suited for spreadsheet calculation.Sufficient theory is sketched in to indicate where results should be valid. Some simplifications of conventional treatments have been identified.
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RAO, P. RAJESH, S. KALYANA SUNDARAM, S. B. THAMPI, R. SURESH, and J. P. GUPTA. "An overview of first Doppler Weather Radar inducted in the cyclone detection network of India Meteorological Department." MAUSAM 55, no. 1 (January 19, 2022): 155–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v55i1.963.
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India Meteorological Department (IMD) maintains a wide network of radars for the detection and study of severe weather phenomena like cyclones, thunderstorms, gust front etc. and for deriving upper air wind profile. To keep pace with the fast developments in the field of weather radar technology, IMD is gradually replacing its conventional radars with digital radars, a few of them with Doppler capabilities. An S-band Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) has been inducted into India Meteorological Department’s (IMD) Cyclone Detection Radar (CDR) network recently at Chennai as a replacement to the outlived analogue S-band radar and is declared operational from 21 February 2002. Salient features, both hardware and software, of the radar are discussed in this article.
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Tsai, Tianyi, Zhiqiang Liao, Zhiquan Ding, Yuan Zhao, and Bin Tang. "Detection of Unresolved Targets for Wideband Monopulse Radar." Sensors 19, no. 5 (March 3, 2019): 1084. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19051084.
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Detecting unresolved targets is very important for radars in their target tracking phase. For wideband radars, the unresolved target detection algorithm should be fast and adaptive to different bandwidths. To meet the requirements, a detection algorithm for wideband monopulse radars is proposed, which can detect unresolved targets for each range profile sampling points. The algorithm introduces the Gaussian mixture model and uses a priori information to achieve high performance while keeping a low computational load, adaptive to different bandwidths. A comparison between the proposed algorithm and the latest unresolved target detection algorithm Joint Multiple Bin Processing Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (JMBP GLRT) is carried out by simulation. On Rayleigh distributed echoes, the detection probability of the proposed algorithm is at most 0.5456 higher than the JMBP GLRT for different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), while the computation time of the proposed algorithm is no more than two 10,000ths of the JMBP GLRT computation time. On bimodal distributed echoes, the detection probability of the proposed algorithm is at most 0.7933 higher than the JMBP GLRT for different angular separations of two unresolved targets, while the computation time of the proposed algorithm is no more than one 10,000th of the JMBP GLRT computation time. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm in a real wideband radar, an experiment on field test measured data was carried out, in which the proposed algorithm was compared with Blair GLRT. The results show that the proposed algorithm produces a higher detection probability and lower false alarm rate, and completes detections on a range profile within 0.22 ms.
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Tahcfulloh, Syahfrizal, and Muttaqin Hardiwansyah. "Subarrays of phased-array antennas for multiple-input multiple-output radar applications." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2022): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v11i3.pp218-228.
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The subarray MIMO radar (SMIMO) is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with elements in the form of a sub-array that acts as a phased array (PAR), so it combines at the same time the key advantage of the PAR radar, which is high directional gain to increase target range, and the key advantage of the MIMO radar, i.e., high diversity gains to increase the maximum number of detected targets. Different schemes for the number of antenna elements in the transceiver zones, such as uniform and/or variable, overlapped and non-overlapped, significantly determine the performance of radars as virtual arrays (VARs), maximum number of detected targets, accuracy of target angle, detection resolution, SNR detection, and detection probability. Performance is also compared with the PAR, the MIMO, and the phased MIMO radars (PMIMO). The SMIMO radar offers great versatility for radar applications, being able to adapt to different shapes of the multiple targets to be detected and their environment. For example, for a transmit-receive with an antenna element number, i.e., <em>M</em> = <em>N</em> = 8, the range of the number of detected targets for the SMIMO radar is flexible compared to the other radars. On the other hand, the proposed radar's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) detection performance and detection probability (<em>K</em> = 5, <em>L</em> = 3) are both 1,999 and above 90%, which are better than other radars.
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An, Nguyen Quoc. "On a solution to improve the object detection ability of radars by dynamic polarization method." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 23, no. 1&2 (October 30, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.97.
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One of the most importan problems of modern radar is increasing object detection, object distinction ability. In the last years, the used traditional radar signal processing methods are seem to use up. For solving this question, specialists are interested in analyzing the fine structure of radar signal, and the first is po larization structure. The use of polarization information allows to raise the information ability of radar systems and provides high probability of radar objects detection, high contrast of small-scale man-made objects on the radar map and radar objects classification.The article deals with the detection of radar objects by exploiting the information on polarization based on the scattering matrix (SM) of the object. A solution to improve the object detection ability of radars by dynamic polarization method (to modify the polarization of radiative wave) is introduced.
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Maksymiuk, Radosław, Karol Abratkiewicz, Piotr Samczyński, and Marek Płotka. "Rényi Entropy-Based Adaptive Integration Method for 5G-Based Passive Radar Drone Detection." Remote Sensing 14, no. 23 (December 4, 2022): 6146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236146.
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This paper presents the first successful drone detection results using a 5G network as a source of illumination in a passive radar system. Furthermore, a novel adaptive strategy for signal integration is shown. The proposed approach is based on the Rényi entropy. It allows one to select time frames with a densely allocated downlink channel both in the time and frequency domains. The resource allocation is strongly related to a network load and has a crucial influence on 5G-based passive radar range resolution and detection capabilities. The proposed technique was validated using simulated and real-life signals, confirming the possibility of detecting unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in 5G-network-based passive radars. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be directly used in passive radar systems where the illuminating signal duration and bandwidth are content-dependent, and the radar resolution may vary significantly.
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Seflek, Ibrahim, Yunus Emre Acar, and Ercan Yaldiz. "Small Motion Detection and Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring with Continuous Wave Doppler Radars." Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika 26, no. 3 (June 27, 2020): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.26.3.25810.
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Radars have become devices that one can come across in any environment at any moment. This means that they enter to all areas of life and even in the field of medicine and will be used more intensively in the future. Especially, the attention has been drawn to that they are suitable for the non-contact vital signs monitoring. In this study, two radar structures operating at 24 GHz (Radar 1) and 2.4 GHz (Radar 2) frequencies are used. Radar 1 structure is created on a printed circuit board (PCB), whereas Radar 2 is obtained by combining discrete components. The 8.5 mm movement performed with the aid of a test mechanism is detected by two radars with percentage errors (PEs) of 2.58% and 6.23%, respectively. For the 0.25 Hz vibration frequency, the error is the same for both radars and is 2.4 %. In measurements taken from a healthy human subject, Radar 1 finds a respiration rate with 1.85 % of PE and heart beat rate with 6.17 % of PE. In Radar 2, these values are 2.35 % and 8.24 %, respectively. From the measurement results, it is seen that the resolution of Radar 1 is better than that of Radar 2. The results also indicate that small motion detection and vital signs monitoring are carried out successfully.
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Tahcfulloh, Syahfrizal. "SMIMO Radar: MIMO Radar with Subarray Elements of Phased-Array Antenna." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 5, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.58593.
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Unlike Phased-MIMO Radar (PMIMO) which employs overlapping equal subarrays (OES) only on the transmit (Tx), Subarray-MIMO (SMIMO) radar utilizes the combination of subarrays, both in the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx). SMIMO radar is MIMO radar with subarray elements acting as Phased-Array (PA). It simultaneously combines the primary advantages of PA and the MIMO radar; they are high directional gain and high diversity gain, respectively. High directional gain is beneficial to improve the range target, while high diversity gain is beneficial to improve the number of target detection. The use of the subarray methods in the Tx-Rx array could be configured such as in verlapping subarray (OS), non-overlapping subarray (NOS), equal subarray (ES), unequal subarray (US), and/or the combination of all configurations. Various configurations in Tr-Rx would determine the performance of radar, such as the number of virtual arrays, the maximum number of target detections, the detection accuracies, and the angular resolutions along with its effectivity compared to PA, MIMO, and Phased-MIMO radar. Numerical results and simulation showed that SMIMO provided higher flexibility than other radars by configuring Tx-Rx to easily adapt to various changes of target conditions and their surroundings.
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Laučys, Andrius, Saulius Rudys, Martynas Kinka, Paulius Ragulis, Jurgis Aleksandravičius, Džiugas Jablonskas, Domantas Bručas, Einius Daugėla, and Laurynas Mačiulis. "INVESTIGATION OF DETECTION POSSIBILITY OF UAVS USING LOW COST MARINE RADAR." Aviation 23, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2019.10320.
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The technologies of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are fast emerging, but as any other technology, development of UAVs provides not only benefits but also the threats. UAV technologies are developing much faster than means of their control and detection. RADAR technology is one of the means of UAV’s detection. Usually, radars are expensive, and usage of high-power radiation is problematic in many cases. Today’s market provides low cost marine radar working on various principles of operation. Such radar are not optimal, but could be used for UAV detection. Detection possibility of UAVs by FMCW marine radar was investigated by using two types of small UAVs as targets.
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Bestugin, A. R., M. B. Ryzhikov, and Iu A. Novikova. "The frequency range selection for airborne weather radar with the search for areas with the visibility of landmarks for flight and landing." Radio industry 28, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2018-28-3-8-17.
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A radar dome of a small aircraft can accommodate an antenna with a small aperture only. The energy potential and radiation parameters required for detection of hazardous weather events are thereby impaired. Mathematical modeling of the effect of wavelength change on the quality of radar meteorological forecast has been performed. Performance parameters of small-sized weather radars have been evaluated for enhancing the safety of the flights of small aircraft. Mathematics have been presented for comparing the efficiency of detecting dangerous thunderstorm areas with allowance for the signal reflection from the ground surface. The formula take into account the wavelength, the directional function of the antenna system, the radar reflectivity of the ground surface, the speed and altitude of flight. The efficiency of the weather radar with a small-sized antenna aperture operating in3 cmand8 mmwave lengths has been reviewed. The detection range of small aircraft radars with different wavelengths in different weather conditions has been determined. A flight envelope search mode is proposed with a possibility of visual orientation and landing in bad weather conditions. The mode is based on measuring the radar reflectivity of moisture targets.
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Wang, Shen Shen, Wan Fang Che, Jin Fu Feng, and Ming Zhong Li. "A New Approach for Coverage Area Computing of Radar Network." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1990.
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Traditional methods regard coverage area of radar network as the union of every radar’s coverage area. Aiming at this issue, the relationship among radar detection range, radar cross section, signal-to-noise ratio, detection probability and false alarm probability is analyzed. Detection probability model for single radar is established. Calculation method of detection probability for radar network is also researched. Coverage area of radar network can be obtained according to the detection probability. Simulation results show coverage area of radar network is not simply the union of every radar’s coverage area and it is decided by the detection probability. Research of this paper provides a theoretical base of detecting, tracking and placement for radar network.
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Lisowski, Józef, and Andrzej Szklarski. "The Fluctuational Model of Small Floating Objects Identification by Means of Passive Radar Reflectors." Solid State Phenomena 196 (February 2013): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.196.88.
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The paper presents the issues related to the probability of surface objects detection. The classical fluctuation models and the new fluctuation model for small floating objects with 10 m2 radar cross section surface are described. The possibilities of detection of examined passive radar reflectors by the radars on board merchant vessels were determined. Probability of detection of passive radar reflectors calculated using the classical fluctuation models was compared with the results obtained using the proposed new fluctuation model.
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Zwang, Qi-Tu, and S. Haykin. "Adaptive radar detection." Electronics Letters 21, no. 18 (1985): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850570.
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Худов, Г. В., Сальман Рашід Оваід, В. М. Ліщенко, and В. О. Тютюнник. "Methods of signal processing in a multiradar system of the same type of two-coordinated surveillance radars." Системи обробки інформації, no. 3(162), (September 30, 2020): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.30748/soi.2020.162.07.
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The subject of research in the paper is the problem of developing methods of signal processing in a multiradar system of the same type of two-coordinate surveillance radars with mechanical rotation. The aim of the paper is to improve the quality of detection of air objects by combining the same type of two-coordinate radars in a multi-radar system. It is proposed to combine the existing surveillance radar stations into a spatially spaced coherent multi-radar system. The synthesis of optimal detectors of coherent and incoherent signals is carried out. The characteristics of detection of air objects in a multi-radar system with compatible signal receiving have been evaluated. The obtained results: the addition of the second radar, regardless of the degree of signal coherence, showed the greatest efficiency in the gain in terms of signal / noise, the optimal number of radars in the multi-radar system is not more than four. The expected signal / noise threshold gain in a system of four radars can be up to eighteen decibels for a system with coherent signals and up to eleven decibels for a system with incoherent signals. The using of more than four radars is impractical.
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Chaudhary, Sushank, Lunchakorn Wuttisittikulkij, Muhammad Saadi, Abhishek Sharma, Sattam Al Otaibi, Jamel Nebhen, Demostenes Zegarra Rodriguez, et al. "Coherent detection-based photonic radar for autonomous vehicles under diverse weather conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): e0259438. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259438.
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Autonomous vehicles are regarded as future transport mechanisms that drive the vehicles without the need of drivers. The photonic-based radar technology is a promising candidate for delivering attractive applications to autonomous vehicles such as self-parking assistance, navigation, recognition of traffic environment, etc. Alternatively, microwave radars are not able to meet the demand of next-generation autonomous vehicles due to its limited bandwidth availability. Moreover, the performance of microwave radars is limited by atmospheric fluctuation which causes severe attenuation at higher frequencies. In this work, we have developed coherent-based frequency-modulated photonic radar to detect target locations with longer distance. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed photonic radar is investigated under the impact of various atmospheric weather conditions, particularly fog and rain. The reported results show the achievement of significant signal to noise ratio (SNR) and received power of reflected echoes from the target for the proposed photonic radar under the influence of bad weather conditions. Moreover, a conventional radar is designed to establish the effectiveness of the proposed photonic radar by considering similar parameters such as frequency and sweep time.
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Roarty, Hugh J., Erick Rivera Lemus, Ethan Handel, Scott M. Glenn, Donald E. Barrick, and James Isaacson. "Performance Evaluation of SeaSonde High-Frequency Radar for Vessel Detection." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 3 (May 1, 2011): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.3.2.
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AbstractHigh-frequency (HF) surface wave radar has been identified to be a gap-filling technology for Maritime Domain Awareness. Present SeaSonde HF radars have been designed to map surface currents but are able to track surface vessels in a dual-use mode. Rutgers and CODAR Ocean Sensors, Ltd., have collaborated on the development of vessel detection and tracking capabilities from compact HF radars, demonstrating that ships can be detected and tracked by multistatic HF radar in a multiship environment while simultaneously mapping ocean currents. Furthermore, the same vessel is seen simultaneously by the radar based on different processing parameters, mitigating the need to preselect a fixed set and thereby improving detection performance.
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Wang, Chun Yu, Xing Long Qi, Shuo Chang, and Lin Ren. "The Decision Method of Electromagnetic Compatibility between Radars Based on the Theory of Signal Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2959.
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In order to determine the electromagnetic compatibility between radars better, this paper deduced the distribution character of signal+ noise+ jamming and the signal passing narrowband linear filtering system based on the signal detection theory, and established the quantitative relationship of the radar detection probability and jamming noise ratio on this basis, the detection probability was used to judge the electromagnetic compatibility between radars directly. The simulation experimental results showed that the detection probability was reduced with the increase of interference intensity, when the interference power exceeded the threshold of 1.7 dB, radar detection probability dropped to 50%.
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Guerrero, José Miguel, Andreas Muñoz, Matilde Santos, and Gonzalo Pajares. "A new Concentric Circles Detection method for Object Detection applied to Radar Images." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 04 (February 27, 2019): 1070–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463318001169.
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In this work, a new concentric circles detection method for object detection is proposed. It has been applied to the images of a commercial radar, captured with a Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) camera. The processing includes the detection of centres and concentric circles in the images and the identification of the radar scale. Several methods found in the literature have been applied and compared with our novel proposal for multiple concentric circles detection, called “Propagation Method based on Circular Regression”. This methodology has been validated with real radar images, proving its efficiency in obtaining the distance of any object to a marine vessel, with high accuracy and low computational cost, in real time. This system can not only be applied to most existing radars in the market by adjusting the parameters of each model but our proposal for concentric circle detection can be also applied to other sensing applications.
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Yan, Kun, Shiyou Wu, and Guangyou Fang. "Detection of Quasi-Static Trapped Human Being Using Mono-Static UWB Life-Detection Radar." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073129.
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In practical situations such as hostage rescue, earthquake and other similar events, the ultra-wideband (UWB) life-detection radar echo response from the respiration motion of the trapped person is always quasi-/non-periodic in respiration frequency or very weak in respiration amplitude, which can be called quasi-static vital sign. Although it is an extremely difficult task, considering the economic cost, the detection ability of the traditional UWB life-detection radars with only a pair of transceiver antennas is desired to be enhanced for locating the quasi-static trapped human being. This article proposes two different detection methods for quasi-static trapped human beings through the single/multiple observation points, which corresponds to the single-/multi-station radar operating mode, respectively. Proof-of-principle experiments were carried out by our designed radar prototypes, validating the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
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Xu, Zhihuo, Shuaikang Xue, and Yuexia Wang. "Incoherent Interference Detection and Mitigation for Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radars." Remote Sensing 14, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 4817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14194817.
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Current automotive radar technology is almost exclusively implemented using frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar in the millimeter wave bands. Unfortunately, incoherent interference is becoming a serious problem due to the increasing number of automotive radars in dense traffic situations. To address this issue, this article presents a sparsity-based technique for mitigating the incoherent interference between FMCW radars. First, a low-pass filter-based technique is developed to detect the envelope of the interference. Next, the labeled regions where interference is present are considered as missing data. In this way, the problem of mitigating interference is further formulated as the restoration of the echo using L1 norm-regularized least squares. Finally, the alternating direction method of the multipliers-based technique is applied to restore the radar echoes. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effective performance of the proposed approach. Compared to state-of-the-art interference mitigation methods, the proposed method remarkably improves the quality of radar targets.
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Briggs, J. N. "Specifications for Reflectors and Radar Target Enhancers to Aid Detection of Small Marine Radar Targets." Journal of Navigation 55, no. 1 (January 2002): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463301001564.
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This paper considers the need for better detectability of small targets at sea using marine radars in the 3 and 9 GHz bands. The problems of using radar reflectors and radar target enhancers to improve radar cross section, particularly when clutter is present, are discussed in detail. The IMO carriage requirement and the lack of suitably robust specifications are highlighted, and a proposal is made for a standard family of radar reflectors to meet the requirement. Radar target enhancers are also considered together with how these and radar reflectors should be mounted for best effect.
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Jang, Ah-Jung, In-Seong Lee, and Jong-Ryul Yang. "Vital Signal Detection Using Multi-Radar for Reductions in Body Movement Effects." Sensors 21, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 7398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217398.
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Vital signal detection using multiple radars is proposed to reduce the signal degradation from a subject’s body movement. The phase variation in the transceiving signals of continuous-wave radar due to respiration and heartbeat is generated by the body surface movement of the organs monitored in the line-of-sight (LOS) of the radar. The body movement signals obtained by two adjacent radars can be assumed to be the same over a certain distance. However, the vital signals are different in each radar, and each radar has a different LOS because of the asymmetric movement of lungs and heart. The proposed method uses two adjacent radars with different LOS to obtain correlated signals that reinforce the difference in the asymmetrical movement of the organs. The correlated signals can improve the signal-to-noise ratio in vital signal detection because of a reduction in the body movement effect. Two radars at different frequencies in the 5.8 GHz band are implemented to reduce direct signal coupling. Measurement results using the radars arranged at angles of 30°, 45°, and 60° showed that the proposed method can detect the vital signals with a mean accuracy of 97.8% for the subject moving at a maximum velocity of 53.4 mm/s.
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Zhang, Fu Jun, Hai Feng Cui, and Yi Rui Hao. "Research on Detection of Breaking Rock Zone of Roadway Surrounding Rock with Ground Penetrating Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 886–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.886.
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Based on the detection principle of ground penetrating radar, the feasibility of detecting breaking rock zone of roadway surrounding rock with ground penetrating radar is analysed. In the case of detecting breaking rock zone of roadway surrounding rock in Huafeng Colliery, the method of radar detection and image analysis is suggested. The results show that using ground penetrating radar to detect breaking rock zone of roadway surrounding rock can achieve good result, so it provides a new technical way for the field detection.
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Toker, Onur, and Suleiman Alsweiss. "Design of a Cyberattack Resilient 77 GHz Automotive Radar Sensor." Electronics 9, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9040573.
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In this paper, we propose a novel 77 GHz automotive radar sensor, and demonstrate its cyberattack resilience using real measurements. The proposed system is built upon a standard Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar RF-front end, and the novelty is in the DSP algorithm used at the firmware level. All attack scenarios are based on real radar signals generated by Texas Instruments AWR series 77 GHz radars, and all measurements are done using the same radar family. For sensor networks, including interconnected autonomous vehicles sharing radar measurements, cyberattacks at the network/communication layer is a known critical problem, and has been addressed by several different researchers. What is addressed in this paper is cyberattacks at the physical layer, that is, adversarial agents generating 77 GHz electromagnetic waves which may cause a false target detection, false distance/velocity estimation, or not detecting an existing target. The main algorithm proposed in this paper is not a predictive filtering based cyberattack detection scheme where an “unusual” difference between measured and predicted values triggers an alarm. The core idea is based on a kind of physical challenge-response authentication, and its integration into the radar DSP firmware.
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Snyder, Jeffrey C., and Alexander V. Ryzhkov. "Automated Detection of Polarimetric Tornadic Debris Signatures Using a Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 9 (September 2015): 1861–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-15-0138.1.
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AbstractAlthough radial velocity data from Doppler radars can partially resolve some tornadoes, particularly large tornadoes near the radar, most tornadoes are not explicitly resolved by radar owing to inadequate spatiotemporal resolution. In addition, it can be difficult to determine which mesocyclones typically observed on radar are associated with tornadoes. Since debris lofted by tornadoes has scattering characteristics that are distinct from those of hydrometeors, the additional information provided by polarimetric weather radars can aid in identifying debris from tornadoes; the polarimetric tornadic debris signature (TDS) provides what is nearly “ground truth” that a tornado is ongoing (or has recently occurred). This paper outlines a modification to the hydrometeor classification algorithm used with the operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network in the United States to include a TDS category. Examples of automated TDS classification are provided for several recent cases that were observed in the United States.
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Asif, Asma, and Sithamparanathan Kandeepan. "Cooperative Fusion Based Passive Multistatic Radar Detection." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 5, 2021): 3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093209.
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Passive multistatic radars have gained a lot of interest in recent years as they offer many benefits contrary to conventional radars. Here in this research, our aim is detection of target in a passive multistatic radar system. The system contains a single transmitter and multiple spatially distributed receivers comprised of both the surveillance and reference antennas. The system consists of two main parts: 1. Local receiver, and 2. Fusion center. Each local receiver detects the signal, processes it, and passes the information to the fusion center for final detection. To take the advantage of spatial diversity, we apply major fusion techniques consisting of hard fusion and soft fusion for the case of multistatic passive radars. Hard fusion techniques are analyzed for the case of different local radar detectors. In terms of soft fusion, a blind technique called equal gain soft fusion technique with random matrix theory-based local detector is analytically and theoretically analyzed under null hypothesis along with the calculation of detection threshold. Furthermore, six novel random matrix theory-based soft fusion techniques are proposed. All the techniques are blind in nature and hence do not require any knowledge of transmitted signal or channel information. Simulation results illustrate that proposed fusion techniques increase detection performance to a reasonable extent compared to other blind fusion techniques.
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Ilcev, Dimov Stojce. "Introduction to Coastal HF Maritime Surveillance Radars." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0056.
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Abstract This paper presents the main technical characteristics and working performances of coastal maritime surveillance radars, such as low-power High-Frequency Surface Wave Radars (HFSWR) and Over the Horizon Radars (OTHR). These radars have demonstrated to be a cost-effective long-range early-warning sensor for ship detection and tracking in coastal waters, sea channels and passages. In this work, multi-target tracking and data fusion techniques are applied to live-recorded data from a network of oceanographic HFSWR stations installed in Jindalee Operational Radar Network (JORN), Wellen Radar (WERA) in Ligurian Sea (Mediterranean Sea), CODAR Ocean Sebsorsin and in the German Bight (North Sea). The coastal Imaging Sciences Research (ISR) HFSWR system, Multi-static ISR HF Radar, Ship Classification using Multi-Frequency HF Radar, Coastal HF radar surveillance of pirate boats and Different projects of coastal HF radars for vessels detecting are described. Ship reports from the Automatic Identification System (AIS), recorded from both coastal and satellite Land Earth Stations (LES) are exploited as ground truth information and a methodology is applied to classify the fused tracks and to estimate system performances. Experimental results for all above solutions are presented and discussed, together with an outline for future integration and infrastructures.
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Gong, Jiangkun, Jun Yan, Deren Li, and Deyong Kong. "Detection of Micro-Doppler Signals of Drones Using Radar Systems with Different Radar Dwell Times." Drones 6, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6090262.
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Not any radar dwell time of a drone radar is suitable for detecting micro-Doppler (or jet engine modulation, JEM) produced by the rotating blades in radar signals of drones. Theoretically, any X-band drone radar system should detect micro-Doppler of blades because of the micro-Doppler effect and partial resonance effect. Yet, we analyzed radar data detected by three radar systems with different radar dwell times but similar frequency and velocity resolution, including Radar−α, Radar−β, and Radar−γ with radar dwell times of 2.7 ms, 20 ms, and 89 ms, respectively. The results indicate that Radar−β is the best radar for detecting micro-Doppler (i.e., JEM signals) produced by the rotating blades of a quadrotor drone, DJI Phantom 4, because the detection probability of JEM signals is almost 100%, with approximately 2 peaks, whose magnitudes are similar to that of the body Doppler. In contrast, Radar−α can barely detect any micro-Doppler, and Radar−γ detects weak micro-Doppler signals, whose magnitude is only 10% of the body Doppler’s. Proper radar dwell time is the key to micro-Doppler detection. This research provides an idea for designing a cognitive micro-Doppler radar by changing radar dwell time for detecting and tracking micro-Doppler signals of drones.
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Moazzam Moinuddin, Mohd, Mallikarjuna Reddy. Y, Pasha I. A., Syed A. Naveed, and Lal Kishore. K. "Multiple Target Detection for High Resolution Doppler Radar." International Journal of Engineering and Technology 3, no. 5 (2011): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.276.
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Galati, Gaspare, Gabriele Pavan, and Christoph Wasserzier. "Characterization of Back-Scattering and Multipath in a Suburban Area after the Calibration of an X-Band Commercial Radar." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020463.
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The increasing interest in the radar detection of low-elevation and small-size targets in complicated ground environments (such as urban, suburban, and mixed country areas) calls for a precise quantification of the radar detection capabilities in those areas. Hence, a set of procedures is devised and tested, both theoretically and experimentally, using a commercial X-band radar, to (i) calibrate the radar sensor (with an online evaluation of its losses) using standard scatterers, (ii) measure the multipath effect and compensate for it, and (iii) create “true radar cross section” maps of the area of interest for both point and distributed clutter. The above methods and the related field results are aimed at future qualification procedures and practical usage of small, cheap, and easily moveable radars for the detection of low-observable air targets, such as unmanned air vehicles/systems (UAV/UAS), in difficult ground areas. A significant set of experimental results as discussed in the paper confirms the great relevance of multipath in ground-based radar detection, with the need for correcting measures.
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Garcia-Benadí, Albert, Joan Bech, Sergi Gonzalez, Mireia Udina, and Bernat Codina. "A New Methodology to Characterise the Radar Bright Band Using Doppler Spectral Moments from Vertically Pointing Radar Observations." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 4323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214323.
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The detection and characterisation of the radar Bright Band (BB) are essential for many applications of weather radar quantitative precipitation estimates, such as heavy rainfall surveillance, hydrological modelling or numerical weather prediction data assimilation. This study presents a new technique to detect the radar BB levels (top, peak and bottom) for Doppler radar spectral moments from the vertically pointing radars applied here to a K-band radar, the MRR-Pro (Micro Rain Radar). The methodology includes signal and noise detection and dealiasing schemes to provide realistic vertical Doppler velocities of precipitating hydrometeors, subsequent calculation of Doppler moments and associated parameters and BB detection and characterisation. Retrieved BB properties are compared with the melting level provided by the MRR-Pro manufacturer software and also with the 0 °C levels for both dry-bulb temperature (freezing level) and wet-bulb temperature from co-located radio soundings in 39 days. In addition, a co-located Parsivel disdrometer is used to analyse the equivalent reflectivity of the lowest radar height bins confirming consistent results of the new signal and noise detection scheme. The processing methodology is coded in a Python program called RaProM-Pro which is freely available in the GitHub repository.
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Djordjevic, Ivan B. "Entanglement-Assisted Joint Monostatic-Bistatic Radars." Entropy 24, no. 6 (May 26, 2022): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24060756.
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With the help of entanglement, we can build quantum sensors with sensitivity better than that of classical sensors. In this paper we propose an entanglement assisted (EA) joint monostatic-bistatic quantum radar scheme, which significantly outperforms corresponding conventional radars. The proposed joint monostatic-bistatic quantum radar is composed of two radars, one having both wideband entangled source and EA detector, and the second one with only an EA detector. The optical phase conjugation (OPC) is applied on the transmitter side, while classical coherent detection schemes are applied in both receivers. The joint monostatic-bistatic integrated EA transmitter is proposed suitable for implementation in LiNbO3 technology. The detection probability of the proposed EA joint target detection scheme outperforms significantly corresponding classical, coherent states-based quantum detection, and EA monostatic detection schemes. The proposed EA joint target detection scheme is evaluated by modelling the direct radar return and forward scattering channels as both lossy and noisy Bosonic channels, and assuming that the distribution of entanglement over idler channels is not perfect.
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Golubović, Dragan, Miljko Erić, and Nenad Vukmirović. "High-Resolution Doppler and Azimuth Estimation and Target Detection in HFSWR: Experimental Study." Sensors 22, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 3558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093558.
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In this paper, we present a new high-resolution algorithm for primary signal processing in High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR). The algorithm has been developed to achieve and improve primary signal processing performance in existing HFSWR radars in terms of radar target detection. The proposed algorithm is based on a high-resolution estimate of the Range–Doppler (RD-HR) map using given number of frames in the selected integration period. RD-HR maps are formed at every antenna in receive antenna array. Target detection is based on an RD-HR map averaged across all the antennas. Azimuth estimation is performed by a high-resolution MUSIC-type algorithm that is executed for all detections we found in the RD-HR map. The existence of strong Bragg’s lines in the RD-HR map complicates the detection process but the contrast of the RD-HR map as well as the detectability of targets on the RD-HR map is significantly better compared to the RD-FFT map used by many existing radars, such as WERA.
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Ali, Haitham Kareem. "Study of the Effect of RCS on Radar Detection." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 15 (May 31, 2017): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n15p148.
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Objectives: To study the effect of the radar cross section (RCS) area for the target on the radar operation, and to show its performance on radar detection by taking samples from the RCS. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this paper, we tested the effect of RCS on radar detection under two features of RCS using radar lab. These features are: (i) shapes with constant area and (ii) shapes with different areas. Findings: Experimental testing of the radar delectability in order to know its capability in detecting targets under and above two features( by measuring the power of echo signal) shows that whenever the power of echo signal is high (i.e. RCS is an excellent reflector), the radar detection range is high and vice versa. Application/Improvements: This proposed approach can be used in designing the target bodies using different shapes (i.e. reflectors) to dispute the transmitted signal and to weaken it. This makes the detection of targets extremely hard.
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Gaitanakis, George-Konstantinos, George Limnaios, and Konstantinos Zikidis. "AESA radar and IRST against low observable threats." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 9 (March 27, 2020): 1421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2020-0011.
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Purpose Modern fighter aircraft using active electronically scanned array (AESA) fire control radars are able to detect and track targets at long ranges, in the order of 50 nautical miles or more. Low observable or stealth technology has contested the radar capabilities, reducing detection/tracking ranges roughly to one-third (or even less, for fighter aircraft radar). Hence, infrared search and track (IRST) systems have been reconsidered as an alternative to the radar. This study aims to explore and compare the capabilities and limitations of these two technologies, AESA radars and IRST systems, as well as their synergy through sensor fusion. Design/methodology/approach The AESA radar range is calculated with the help of the radar equation under certain assumptions, taking into account heat dissipation requirements, using the F-16 fighter as a case study. Concerning the IRST sensor, a new model is proposed for the estimation of the detection range, based on the emitted infrared radiation caused by aerodynamic heating. Findings The maximum detection range provided by an AESA radar could be restricted because of the increased waste heat which is produced and the relevant constraints concerning the cooling capacity of the carrying aircraft. On the other hand, IRST systems exhibit certain advantages over radars against low observable threats. IRST could be combined with a datalink with the help of data fusion, offering weapons-quality track. Originality/value An original approach is provided for the IRST detection range estimation. The AESA/IRST comparison offers valuable insight, while it allows for more efficient planning, at the military acquisition phase, as well as at the tactical level.
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Protopapadakis, Eftychios, Athanasios Voulodimos, Anastasios Doulamis, Nikolaos Doulamis, Dimitrios Dres, and Matthaios Bimpas. "Stacked Autoencoders for Outlier Detection in Over-the-Horizon Radar Signals." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5891417.
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Detection of outliers in radar signals is a considerable challenge in maritime surveillance applications. High-Frequency Surface-Wave (HFSW) radars have attracted significant interest as potential tools for long-range target identification and outlier detection at over-the-horizon (OTH) distances. However, a number of disadvantages, such as their low spatial resolution and presence of clutter, have a negative impact on their accuracy. In this paper, we explore the applicability of deep learning techniques for detecting deviations from the norm in behavioral patterns of vessels (outliers) as they are tracked from an OTH radar. The proposed methodology exploits the nonlinear mapping capabilities of deep stacked autoencoders in combination with density-based clustering. A comparative experimental evaluation of the approach shows promising results in terms of the proposed methodology’s performance.
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An, Chan-Ho, Jang-Hoon Yang, Ui-Young Pak, Young-Jae Ryu, Duk-Chan Han, and Dong-Ku Kim. "Detection Performance of Noncoherent Radar: MIMO Radar, Phased Array Radar, Directional MIMO Radar." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 36, no. 12B (December 30, 2011): 1752–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2011.36b.12.1752.
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Li, Yang, Yonghui Wei, Yanping Wang, Yun Lin, Wenjie Shen, and Wen Jiang. "False Detections Revising Algorithm for Millimeter Wave Radar SLAM in Tunnel." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010277.
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Millimeter wave (MMW) radar simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology is an emerging technology in a tunnel vehicle accident rescue scene. It is a powerful tool for statistic-trapped vehicle detection with limited vision caused by darkness, heat, and smoke. A variety of SLAM frameworks have been proven to be able to obtain 3-degree-of-freedom (3-dof) pose estimation results using 2-dimention (2D) MMW radar in open space. In the application of millimeter wave radar for pose estimation and mapping in a closed environment, closed space structures and artificial targets together constitute high-intensity multi-path scattering measurement data, leading to radar false detections. Radar false detections caused by multi-path scattering are generally considered to be detrimental to radar applications, such as multi-target tracking. However, few studies analyze the mechanism of multi-path effects on radar SLAM, especially in closed spaces. In order to address the problem, this paper first presents a radar multi-path scattering theory to study the generation mechanism difference of false and radar true detection and their influences on radar SLAM 2D pose estimation and mapping in tunnel. According to the scattering mechanism differences on SLAM, a radar azimuth scattering angle signature is proposed, which allows distinguishing radar false detections from real ones. This is useful in avoiding using unreliable radar false detections to solve a radar SLAM problem. In addition, two different radar false detection revising methods combined with the CSM (correlative scan matching) algorithm are proposed in this paper. The HTMR-CSM (hard-threshold-multi-path-revised correlative scan matching) algorithm only depends on a hard threshold of radar azimuth scattering angle signature to eliminate all radar false detections as much as possible before CSM. Another idea is the STMR-CSM (soft-threshold-multi-path-revised correlative scan matching) algorithm. All the radar false detections are classified according to the distribution model of radar azimuth accuracy, and part of more reliable radar false detections are retained to estimate a more accurate pose. All the ideas in this paper are validated by using an MMW 2D radar mounted on a rail-guided robot in a tunnel. Two cars on fire were set as the targets. The experimental results show that the STMR-CSM algorithm that keeps the reliable radar false detections improves the positioning accuracy by 20% compared with CSM.
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Kim, Dae-Hyun. "Lane Detection Method with Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Radar and Metal Lane Reflectors." Sensors 20, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010324.
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An advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS), based on lane detection technology, detects dangerous situations through various sensors and either warns the driver or takes over direct control of the vehicle. At present, cameras are commonly used for lane detection; however, their performance varies widely depending on the lighting conditions. Consequently, many studies have focused on using radar for lane detection. However, when using radar, it is difficult to distinguish between the plain road surface and painted lane markers, necessitating the use of radar reflectors for guidance. Previous studies have used long-range radars which may receive interference signals from various objects, including other vehicles, pedestrians, and buildings, thereby hampering lane detection. Therefore, we propose a lane detection method that uses an impulse radio ultra-wideband radar with high-range resolution and metal lane markers installed at regular intervals on the road. Lane detection and departure is realized upon using the periodically reflected signals as well as vehicle speed data as inputs. For verification, a field test was conducted by attaching radar to a vehicle and installing metal lane markers on the road. Experimental scenarios were established by varying the position and movement of the vehicle, and it was demonstrated that the proposed method enables lane detection based on the data measured.
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Kanona, M. E. A., M. G. Hamza, A. G. Abdalla, and M. K. Hassan. "A Review of Ground Target Detection and Classification Techniques in Forward Scattering Radars." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (June 19, 2018): 3018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2026.
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This paper presents a review of target detection and classification in forward scattering radar (FSR) which is a special state of bistatic radars, designed to detect and track moving targets in the narrow region along the transmitter-receiver base line. FSR has advantages and incredible features over other types of radar configurations. All previous studies proved that FSR can be used as an alternative system for ground target detection and classification. The radar and FSR fundamentals were addressed and classification algorithms and techniques were debated. On the other hand, the current and future applications and the limitations of FSR were discussed.
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Djordjevic, Ivan B. "On Entanglement-Assisted Multistatic Radar Techniques." Entropy 24, no. 7 (July 17, 2022): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24070990.
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Entanglement-based quantum sensors have much better sensitivity than corresponding classical sensors in a noisy and lossy regime. In our recent paper, we showed that the entanglement-assisted (EA) joint monostatic–bistatic quantum radar performs much better than conventional radars. Here, we propose an entanglement-assisted (EA) multistatic radar that significantly outperforms EA bistatic, coherent state-based quantum, and classical radars. The proposed EA multistatic radar employs multiple entangled transmitters performing transmit-side optical phase conjugation, multiple coherent detection-based receivers serving as EA detectors, and a joint detector.
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Wang, Dingyang, Sungwon Yoo, and Sung Ho Cho. "Experimental Comparison of IR-UWB Radar and FMCW Radar for Vital Signs." Sensors 20, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 6695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226695.
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In this paper, we compare the performances of impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) and frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radars in measuring noncontact vital signs such as respiration rate and heart rate. These two type radars have been widely used in various fields and have shown their applicability to extract vital signs in noncontact ways. IR-UWB radar can extract vital signs using distance information. On the other hand, FMCW radar requires phase information to estimate vital signs, and the result can be enhanced with Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) antenna topologies. By using commercial radar chipsets, the operation of radars under different conditions and frequency bands will also affect the performance of vital sign detection capabilities. We compared the accuracy and signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios of IR-UWB and FMCW radars in various scenarios, such as distance, orientation, carotid pulse, harmonics, and obstacle penetration. In general, the IR-UWB radars offer a slightly better accuracy and higher SNR in comparison to FMCW radar. However, each radar system has its own unique advantages, with IR-UWB exhibiting fewer harmonics and a higher SNR, while FMCW can combine the results from each channel.