Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radar echoes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Radar echoes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Radar echoes"

1

Ogawa, T., N. F. Arnold, S. Kirkwood, N. Nishitani, and M. Lester. "Finland HF and Esrange MST radar observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes." Annales Geophysicae 21, no. 4 (April 30, 2003): 1047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-21-1047-2003.

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Abstract. Peculiar near range echoes observed in summer with the SuperDARN HF radar in Finland are presented. The echoes were detected at four frequencies of 9, 11, 13 and 15 MHz at slant ranges of 105–250 km for about 100 min. Interferometer measurements indicate that the echoes are returned from 80–100 km altitudes with elevation angles of 20°–60°. Echo power (< 16 dB), Doppler velocity (between –30 and + 30 ms-1) and spectral width (< 60 ms-1) fluctuate with periods of several to 20 min, perhaps due to short–period atmospheric gravity waves. When the HF radar detected the echoes, a vertical incidence MST radar, located at Esrange in Sweden (650 km north of the HF radar site), observed polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) at altitudes of 80–90 km. This fact suggests that the near range HF echoes are PMSE at HF band, although both radars did not probe a common volume. With increasing radar frequency, HF echo ranges are closer to the radar site and echo power becomes weaker. Possible mechanisms to explain these features are discussed.Key words. Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics; thermospheric dynamics; waves and tides; instruments and techniques)
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Kastinen, Daniel, and Johan Kero. "Probabilistic analysis of ambiguities in radar echo direction of arrival from meteors." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2020): 6813–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-6813-2020.

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Abstract. Meteors and hard targets produce coherent radar echoes. If measured with an interferometric radar system, these echoes can be used to determine the position of the target through finding the direction of arrival (DOA) of the incoming echo onto the radar. Depending on the spatial configuration of radar-receiving antennas and their individual gain patterns, there may be an ambiguity problem when determining the DOA of an echo. Radars that are theoretically ambiguity-free are known to still have ambiguities that depend on the total radar signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this study, we investigate robust methods which are easy to implement to determine the effect of ambiguities on any hard target DOA determination by interferometric radar systems. We apply these methods specifically to simulate four different radar systems measuring meteor head and trail echoes, using the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) DOA determination algorithm. The four radar systems are the Middle And Upper Atmosphere (MU) radar in Japan, a generic Jones 2.5λ specular meteor trail radar configuration, the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) radar in Norway and the Program of the Antarctic Syowa Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Incoherent Scatter (PANSY) radar in the Antarctic. We also examined a slightly perturbed Jones 2.5λ configuration used as a meteor trail echo receiver for the PANSY radar. All the results are derived from simulations, and their purpose is to grant understanding of the behaviour of DOA determination. General results are as follows: there may be a region of SNRs where ambiguities are relevant; Monte Carlo simulation determines this region and if it exists; the MUSIC function peak value is directly correlated with the ambiguous region; a Bayesian method is presented that may be able to analyse echoes from this region; the DOA of echoes with SNRs larger than this region are perfectly determined; the DOA of echoes with SNRs smaller than this region completely fail to be determined; the location of this region is shifted based on the total SNR versus the channel SNR in the direction of the target; and asymmetric subgroups can cause ambiguities, even for ambiguity-free radars. For a DOA located at the zenith, the end of the ambiguous region is located at 17 dB SNR for the MU radar and 3 dB SNR for the PANSY radar. The Jones radars are usually used to measure specular trail echoes far from zenith. The ambiguous region for a DOA at 75.5∘ elevation and 0∘ azimuth ends at 12 dB SNR. Using the Bayesian method, it may be possible to analyse echoes down to 4 dB SNR for the Jones configuration when given enough data points from the same target. The PANSY meteor trail echo receiver did not deviate significantly from the generic Jones configuration. The MAARSY radar could not resolve arbitrary DOAs sufficiently well enough to determine a stable region. However, if the DOA search is restricted to 70∘ elevation or above by assumption, stable DOA determination occurs above 15 dB SNR.
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Cho, Yo-Han, Gyu Won Lee, Kyung-Eak Kim, and Isztar Zawadzki. "Identification and Removal of Ground Echoes and Anomalous Propagation Using the Characteristics of Radar Echoes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 23, no. 9 (September 1, 2006): 1206–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech1913.1.

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Abstract This paper explores the removal of normal ground echoes (GREs) and anomalous propagation (AP) in ground-based radars using a fuzzy logic approach. Membership functions and their weights are derived from the characteristics of radar echoes as a function of radar reflectivity. The dependence on echo intensity is shown to significantly improve the proper identification of GRE/AP. In addition, the proposed method has a better performance at lower elevation angles. The overall performance is comparable with that from a polarimetric approach and can thus be easily implemented in operational radars.
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Ghezelbash, M., R. A. D. Fiori, and A. V. Koustov. "Variations in the occurrence of SuperDARN F region echoes." Annales Geophysicae 32, no. 2 (February 20, 2014): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-32-147-2014.

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Abstract. The occurrence of F region ionospheric echoes observed by a number of SuperDARN HF radars is analyzed statistically in order to infer solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal trends. The major focus is on Saskatoon radar data for 1994–2012. The distribution of the echo occurrence rate is presented in terms of month of observation and magnetic local time. Clear repetitive patterns are identified during periods of solar maximum and solar minimum. For years near solar maximum, echoes are most frequent near midnight during winter. For years near solar minimum, echoes occur more frequently near noon during winter, near dusk and dawn during equinoxes and near midnight during summer. Similar features are identified for the Hankasalmi and Prince George radars in the northern hemisphere and the Bruny Island TIGER radar in the southern hemisphere. Echo occurrence for the entire SuperDARN network demonstrates patterns similar to patterns in the echo occurrence for the Saskatoon radar and for other radars considered individually. In terms of the solar cycle, the occurrence rate of nightside echoes is shown to increase by a factor of at least 3 toward solar maximum while occurrence of the near-noon echoes does not significantly change with the exception of a clear depression during the declining phase of the solar cycle.
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Cha, Kyuho, Sooyoung Oh, Hayoung Hong, Hongsoo Park, and Sun K. Hong. "Detection of Electronic Devices Using FMCW Nonlinear Radar." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 15, 2022): 6086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166086.

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Nonlinear radars can be utilized to detect electronic devices, which are difficult to detect with conventional radars due to their small radar cross sections (RCS). Since the receiver in a nonlinear radar is designed to only receive harmonic or intermodulated echoes from electronic devices, it is able to separate electronic devices from non-electronic scatters (clutter) by rejecting their echoes at fundamental frequencies. This paper presents a harmonic-based nonlinear radar scheme utilizing frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) signals for the detection of various electronic devices at short range. Using a laboratory experiment setup for FMCW radar at S-band for Tx (C-band for Rx), measurements are carried out to detect electronic devices of various sizes. The results show that the detection of small electronic devices is possible with nonlinear FMCW radar when appropriate system parameters are selected. Furthermore, we also discuss the maximum detectable range estimation for electronic targets using the radar range equation for FMCW nonlinear radar.
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Czaplewski, Krzysztof, and Sławomir Świerczyński. "A Method of Increasing the Accuracy of Radar Distance Measurement in VTS Systems for Vessels with Very Large Dimensions." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163066.

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The navigation information about a vessel’s position in the waters covered by the vessel traffic system operation is obtained through supervisory services, mainly from coastal navigation radars. Although today it is possible to simultaneously acquire data from many independent radars, the obtained radar image is inconsistent and consists of several echoes next to each other. This makes it difficult to establish which echo represents the monitored unit. Another problem is the method of determining radar distances, which significantly affect the quality of determining the observation position. Errors in radar distance may occur when determining the radar echoes from large vessels, where the position of the unit is not the same as the edge of the radar echo to which the observation is made. In this article, the authors present a method of improving the measured radar distance. The presented proposal was verified in navigation and maneuvering simulation conditions. It could support the process of determining the ship position in vessel traffic service (VTS) systems with increased accuracy.
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Zeller, O., and J. Bremer. "The influence of geomagnetic activity on mesospheric summer echoes in middle and polar latitudes." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 2 (February 19, 2009): 831–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-831-2009.

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Abstract. The dependence of mesospheric VHF radar echoes during summer months on geomagnetic activity has been investigated with observation data of the OSWIN radar in Kühlungsborn (54° N) and of the ALWIN radar in Andenes (69° N). Using daily mean values of VHF radar echoes and of geomagnetic activity indices in superimposed epoch analyses, the comparison of both data sets shows in general stronger radar echoes on the day of the maximum geomagnetic activity, the maximum value one day after the geomagnetic disturbance, and enhanced radar echoes also on the following 2–3 days. This phenomenon is observed at middle and polar latitudes and can be explained by precipitating particle fluxes during the ionospheric post storm effect. At polar latitudes, the radar echoes decrease however during and one day after very strong geomagnetic disturbances. The possible reason of this surprising effect is discussed.
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Cai, Bing, Qingchen Xu, Xiong Hu, and Junfeng Yang. "Initial Results of Meteor Wind with Langfang Medium Frequency Radar." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050507.

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We conducted meteor observations during the Leonid meteor shower on 16 November 2017 and 17 November 2018 with Langfang medium frequency (MF) radar (116° E, 40° N). This was the first nighttime meteor observation by MF radar in mid-latitude China. The observation period was 12:00–22:00 (UT) and the observation range was 78–150 km. By using broad vertical beams, totally 94 and 92 meteor echoes were obtained, along with their spatial, time and height distribution. Quite a few meteor echoes are within 30° zenith angles, from the southwest direction, and with a mean height of 107 km which is almost 10 km higher than traditional VHF (Very High Frequency) meteor radar observations. Initial bi-hourly and nightly averaged wind profiles were calculated, and well fitted the wind estimations by co-located VHF meteor radar at the altitude of 100–110 km. On the other side, echoes around 140 km are successfully detected in our observation, which may suggest that for most running MF radars, meteor echoes around 140 km altitude could be detected with a sampling pulse frequency less than 100 Hz.
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Martin, William J., and Alan Shapiro. "Discrimination of Bird and Insect Radar Echoes in Clear Air Using High-Resolution Radars." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 24, no. 7 (July 1, 2007): 1215–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech2038.1.

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Abstract The source of clear-air reflectivity from operational and research meteorological radars has been a subject of much debate and study over the entire history of radar meteorology. Recent studies have suggested that bird migrations routinely contaminate wind profiles obtained at night, while historical studies have suggested insects as the main source of such nocturnal clear-air echoes. This study analyzes two cases of nocturnal clear-air return using data from operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) and X- and W-band research radars. The research radars have sufficient resolution to resolve the echo as point targets in some cases. By examining the radar cross section of the resolved point targets, and by determining the target density, it is found for both cases of nocturnal clear-air echoes that the targets are almost certainly insects. The analysis of the dependence of the echo strength on radar wavelength also supports this conclusion.
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Carter, B. A., and R. A. Makarevich. "E-region decameter-scale plasma waves observed by the dual TIGER HF radars." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 1 (January 15, 2009): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-261-2009.

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Abstract. The dual Tasman International Geospace Environment Radar (TIGER) HF radars regularly observe E-region echoes at sub-auroral magnetic latitudes 58°–60° S including during geomagnetic storms. We present a statistical analysis of E-region backscatter observed in a period of ~2 years (late 2004–2006) by the TIGER Bruny Island and Unwin HF radars, with particular emphasis on storm-time backscatter. It is found that the HF echoes normally form a 300-km-wide band at ranges 225–540 km. In the evening sector during geomagnetic storms, however, the HF echoes form a curved band joining to the F-region band at ~700 km. The curved band lies close to the locations where the geometric aspect angle is zero, implying little to no refraction during geomagnetic storms, which is an opposite result to what has been reported in the past. The echo occurrence, Doppler velocity, and spectral width of the HF echoes are examined in order to determine whether new HF echo types are observed at sub-auroral latitudes, particularly during geomagnetic storms. The datasets of both TIGER radars are found to be dominated by low-velocity echoes. A separate population of storm-time echoes is also identified within the datasets of both radars with most of these echoes showing similar characteristics to the low-velocity echo population. The storm-time backscatter observed by the Bruny Island radar, on the other hand, includes near-range echoes (r<405 km) that exhibit some characteristics of what has been previously termed the High Aspect angle Irregularity Region (HAIR) echoes. We show that these echoes appear to be a storm-time phenomenon and further investigate this population by comparing their Doppler velocity with the simultaneously measured F- and E-region irregularity velocities. It is suggested that the HAIR-like echoes are observed only by HF radars with relatively poor geometric aspect angles when electron density is low and when the electric field is particularly high.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radar echoes"

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NAKAMURA, Kenji, Shinsuke SATOH, Fumie A. FURUZAWA, and Haruya MINDA. "Bird Migration Echoes Observed by Polarimetric Radar." Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15008.

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Dorfman, Seth E. "Intense spreading of radar echoes from ionospheric plasmas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32897.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 41).
On December 25, 2004, a large-scale ionospheric plasma bubble was observed over Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico, inducing significant range spreading on ionograms. This phenomena may be explained by means of the E x B instability and gravitational Rayleigh-Taylor instability. A derivation of the dispersion relations for X and O mode waves transmitted from an ionosonde and an analysis of the collisional Rayleigh-Taylor instability leading to an expression for the growth rate are presented as background information. Ray tracing code developed by Nathan Dalrymple, a previous graduate student of Professor Min-Chang Lee, is extended, first to draw refractive index surfaces to illustrate a key principle in ray tracing and later to simulate range spreading due to depleted ionospheric ducts [1]. Data from Arecibo incoherent scatter radar and Arecibo's CADI digisonde is examined showing strong evidence for the development of a plasma bubble following a rise in the plasma layer and the appearance of a horizontal density gradient. In one portion of the ionosphere, this gradient is found to be at an angle of approximately 70 degrees to the Earth's magnetic field, a favorable condition for the excitation of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability over Arecibo.
by Seth E. Dorfman.
S.B.
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Georgiev, Krasin. "Biologically inspired processing of radar and sonar target echoes." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2017. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12692.

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Modern radar and sonar systems rely on active sensing to accomplish a variety of tasks, including detection and classification of targets, accurate localization and tracking, autonomous navigation and collision avoidance. Bats have relied on active sensing for over 50 million years and their echolocation system provides remarkable perceptual and navigational performance that are of envy to synthetic systems. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms bats use to process echo acoustic signals and investigate if there are lessons that can be learned and ultimately applied to radar systems. The basic principles of the bat auditory system processing are studied and applied to radio frequencies. A baseband derivative of the Spectrogram Correlation and Transformation (SCAT) model of the bat auditory system, called Baseband SCAT (BSCT), has been developed. The BSCT receiver is designed for processing radio-frequency signals and to allow an analytical treatment of the expected performance. Simulations and experiments have been carried out to confirm that the outputs of interest of both models are “equivalent”. The response of the BSCT to two closely spaced targets is studied and it is shown that the problem of measuring the relative distance between two targets is converted to a problem of measuring the range to a single target. Nearly double improvement in the resolution between two close scatterers is achieved with respect to the matched filter. The robustness of the algorithm has been demonstrated through laboratory measurements using ultrasound and radio frequencies (RF). Pairs of spheres, flat plates and vertical rods were used as targets to represent two main reflectors.
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Nordström, Per. "Anomalous Meteor Head Echoes Detected by the MU Radar." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79101.

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This study have identified and analysed anomalous meteor head echos detected by the MU Radar, as well as reproduced an interference anomaly through simulation with the use of an existing analysis pipeline. The parameters used to detect anomalies were High Start Altitude [HSAA], High Radar Cross Section [HRCSA] and High Eccentricity [HEA]. A cut-off of the head echo signal were the cause of the HSAA’s. Trail echos misclassified as head echoes and low agreement with the multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation (MUSIC) method gave rise to the HRCSA’s. The majority of the HEA’s were given a falsely high eccentric- ity due to high beam angle and trail echos detection. Three found HEA’s showed a small possibility of having an hyperbolic orbit. Additionally, a simulation was made which concluded that signal interference will occur between two echos if the range is the same to the radar.
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Jackson, Dawood. "The retrieval of ice sheet topography from satellite radar altimeter echoes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338956.

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Mead, Reginald Marshall. "A system for automating identification of biological echoes in NEXRAD level II radar data." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/mead/MeadR1209.pdf.

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Since its inception in the mid twentieth century, radar ornithology has provided scientists with new tools for studying the behavior of birds, especially with regards to migration. A number of studies have shown that birds can be detected using a wide variety of radar devices. Generally, these studies have focused on small portable radars that typically have a finer resolution than large weather surveillance radars. Recently, however, a number of researchers have presented qualitative evidence suggesting that birds, or at least migration events, can be identified using large broad scale radars such as the WSR-88D used in the NEXRAD weather surveillance system. This is potentially a boon for ornithologists because NEXRAD data covers a large portion of the country, is constantly being produced, is freely available, and is archived back into the early 1990s. A major obstacle is that identifying birds in NEXRAD data currently requires having a trained technician manually inspect a graphically rendered radar sweep. The immense amount of available data makes manual classification of radar echoes infeasible over any practical span of space or time. In this thesis, a system is presented for automating this process using machine learning techniques. This approach begins with classified training data that has been interpreted by experts or collected from direct observations. The data is preprocessed to ensure quality and to emphasize relevant features. A classifier is then trained using this data and cross validation is used to measure performance. The experiments in this thesis compare neural network, naïve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbor classifiers. Empirical evidence is provided showing that this system can achieve classification accuracies in the 80th to 90th percentile.
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Hardaker, Paul J. "A study of the melting layer in single polarisation radar echoes with application to operational weather radar." Thesis, University of Essex, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316205.

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Dean, Timothy J. Physical Environmental &amp Mathematical Sciences Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Development and evaluation of automated radar systems for monitoring and characterising echoes from insect targets." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38667.

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This thesis describes the construction of a mobile Insect Monitoring Radars (IMR) and investigations of: the reliability of IMRs for observing insect migration in inland Australia; possible biases in IMR migration estimates; the relation between an insect???s size and its radar properties; radar discrimination between insect species; the effect of weather on the migrations of Australian plague locusts and of moths; the scale of these migrations; and here IMRs are best located. The principles of entomological radar design, and the main features of insect migration in inland Australia, are reviewed. The main procedures used in the study are: calculation of radar performance and of insect radar cross sections (RCSs); reanalysis of a laboratory RCS dataset; statistical analysis of a fouryear dataset of IMR and weather observations; and a field campaign using both two existing fixed IMRs and the new mobile unit. Statistical techniques used include correlation, multiple regression, discriminant analysis, and principal components analysis. The original results of this work include design details of the mobile IMR, extension of radar performance calculations to IMRs and evaluation of flight speed biases, a holistic approach to IMR design, the relation of insect RCS magnitudes and polarization patterns to morphological variables, an estimate of the accuracy of the retrieved parameters, evaluations of three approaches (oneparameter, theory-based, and a novel two-stage method) to target identification, and verification of inferred target identities using results from nearby light traps. Possible sites for future IMRs are identified. The major conclusions are that: a mobile IMR can be built with a performance equal to that of a fixed IMR but at half the cost; significant biases in the signal processing results arise from insect speed; locusts and moths can be distinguished if all RCS parameters are used; IMRs can be designed to match particular requirements; weather has a significant effect on insect migration, the best single predictor of insect numbers being temperature; moonlight has no effect; the spatial correlation of migration properties falls to 50% at a separation of 300 km; and migrating insects can be carried by the wind for 500 km in a single night
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Smirnova, Maria. "Long-term observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes using the ESRAD MST radar." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Rymdteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18134.

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Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) are strong radar echoes observed from altitudes of 80-90 km in polar regions, during summer time. PMSE are closely related to the fascinating atmospheric phenomenon known as noctilucent clouds (NLC). Since it has been suspected that NLC could respond to climate change in the mesosphere, they have attracted considerable interest in the scientific community during recent years. However, continuous visual or photographic NLC observations suffer from weather restrictions and the human factor. In contrast, PMSE radar measurements can easily be made over a long interval and are very attractive for long-term studies of the atmospheric parameters at the polar mesopause. This thesis uses the world’s longest data set of PMSE observations made by the same radar at the same place. Since 1997 these measurements have been carried out with the 52 MHz ESRAD MST radar located near Kiruna in Northern Sweden. The data set for 1997-2008 has been used for studies of diurnal, day-to-day and year-to-year variations of PMSE. We showed that PMSE occurrence rate and volume reflectivity on a daily scale show predominantly semidiurnal variations with the shape of the diurnal curves remaining consistent from year to year. We found that day-to-day and inter-annual variations of PMSE correlate with geomagnetic activity while they do not correlate with mesopause temperature or solar activity. We did not find any statistically significant trends in PMSE occurrence rate and length of PMSE season over 1997-2008. The thesis also presents also a new, independent calibration method, which can be used to estimate changes in transmitter output and antenna feed losses from year to year (for example due to changes of antenna configuration) and allows making accurate calculations of PMSE strength. This method is based on radar-radiosonde comparisons in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region simultaneously with PMSE observations. Using this calibration we calculated the distribution of PMSE strength over magnitudes; it varies from year to year with the peak of the distribution varying from 2×10−15 to 3×10−14 m−1. We found that inter-annual variations of PMSE volume reflectivity strongly correlate with the local geomagnetic k-index and anticorrelate with solar 10.7 cm flux. We did not identify any significant trend in PMSE volume reflectivity over 1997–2009. Finally, using 11 years of measurements, we calculated in-beam the PMSE aspect sensitivities using the FCA technique. We showed that half of PMSE detected each year cannot be explained by isotropic turbulence since they are highly aspect sensitive echoes. The distribution of these echoes remains consistent from year to year with median values of aspect sensitivity from 2.9 to 3.7°. The remaining half of the PMSE have aspect sensitivity parameters larger than 9-11°. We found that PMSE aspect sensitivity has altitude dependence: the scatter becomes more isotropic with increasing height. We did not identify any dependence of PMSE aspect sensitivity on backscattered power for any year. We analysed limitations of the in-beam and off-zenith beam methods and concluded that the former is suitable for highly aspect sensitive echoes while the latter is needed for more isotropic scatterers.

Godkänd; 2011; 20110926 (marsmi); DISPUTATION Ämnesområde: Rymdteknik/Space Technology Opponent: Professor Patrick Joseph Espy, Dep of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway, Ordförande: Docent Evgenia Belova, Swedish Institute of Spaces Physics, Kiruna Tid: Måndag den 31 oktober 2011, kl 10.00 Plats: Aulan, Swedish Institute of Spaces Physics, Kiruna

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Hermawan, Eddy. "Characteristics of Clear Air Echoes in the Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Observed with the MU radar." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181445.

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Books on the topic "Radar echoes"

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Bernard, Lovell. Echoes of war: The story of H2S radar. Bristol: Adam Hilger, 1991.

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Ensco, inc. Applied Meteorology Unit. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Report on the radar/PIREP cloud top discrepancy study: Under contract NAS10-96108. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1997.

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Ensco, inc. Applied Meteorology Unit. and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Program., eds. Report on the radar/PIREP cloud top discrepancy study: Under contract NAS10-96108. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Program, 1997.

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L, Britt C., and Langley Research Center, eds. Performance of the NASA airborne radar with the windshear database for forward-looking systems. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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A, Ybarra Gary, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Optimal signal processing of frequency-stepped CW radar data. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Simmonds, Ed. Echoes over the Pacific: An overview of allied air warning radar in the Pacific, from Pearl Harbor to the Philippines campaign. Banora Point, NSW: E.W. & E. Simmonds, 1995.

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Brown, C. S. Bed topography inferred from airborne radio-echo sounding of Columbia Glacier, Alaska. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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Macheret, I︠U︡ I︠A︡. Radiozondirovanie lednikov. Moskva: Nauchnyĭ mir, 2006.

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Macheret, I︠U︡ I︠A︡. Radiozondirovanie lednikov. Moskva: Nauchnyĭ mir, 2006.

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Mecklenburg, Susanne Martha. Nowcasting precipitation in an Alpine region with a radar echo tracking algorithm. 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radar echoes"

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Ricker, Robert, Stefan Hendricks, Veit Helm, and Rüdiger Gerdes. "Classification of CryoSat-2 Radar Echoes." In Towards an Interdisciplinary Approach in Earth System Science, 149–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13865-7_17.

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Goddard, D. M., and B. J. Conway. "Experiments to reveal regions of frequent spurious radar echoes in COST-73 composites." In International Weather Radar Networking, 191–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2404-1_30.

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Wang, Tiantian, Fangqi Zhu, and Jing Liang. "Soil pH Classification Based on LSTM via UWB Radar Echoes." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 762–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6504-1_92.

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Hu, Mingbao, Hongbing He, Weihua Ai, and Miaoying Li. "Comparing Spectral Analysis Methods of the Wind Profiling Radar Echoes." In The Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Communications, Signal Processing, and Systems, 495–500. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00536-2_57.

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Wang, Tiantian, Chenghao Yang, and Jing Liang. "Soil pH Value Prediction Using UWB Radar Echoes Based on XGBoost." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1941–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9409-6_235.

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Ma, T., Y. M. Zhang, W. G. Zhang, and Z. Tong. "Interference analysis of heterogeneous materials on ground-penetrating radar target echoes." In Advances in Functional Pavements, 152–57. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003387374-30.

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Yang, Chenghao, Tiantian Wang, and Jing Liang. "Soil pH and Humidity Classification Based on GRU-RNN Via UWB Radar Echoes." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 2124–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9409-6_257.

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Das, Tanmay, Ashik Paul, P. NandaKumar, Gopal Singh, Debyendu Jana, Jawad Y. Siddiqui, and Souvik Majumder. "Summer Night-Time E-Layer Echoes Observed Using University of Calcutta ST Radar." In Computers and Devices for Communication, 190–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8366-7_26.

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Yang, Chenghao, and Jing Liang. "Soil Humidity Classification Based on Confident Learning via UWB Radar Echoes with Noisy Labels." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1653–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8411-4_217.

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Qin, Hongde, Hesheng Zhou, Youmin Cui, Jianxi Liu, Xiurong Yang, and Zhang Qu. "An Analysis of Radar Echoes from Convective Clouds over the Nagqu Region in Summer, 1979." In Proceedings of International Symposium on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and Mountain Meteorology, 471–76. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-19-5_27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radar echoes"

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Mathews, J. D. "Conjuring Radar Meteor Head-Echoes." In 2018 2nd URSI Atlantic Radio Science Meeting (AT-RASC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursi-at-rasc.2018.8471509.

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Vetrov, V. I. "On possibility of radar angel-echoes study with Sodar and RASS techniques." In Radar Systems (RADAR 97). IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19971629.

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Bo Zhang and Bingqi Liu. "Spatial correlation analysis on radar echoes of MIMO radar." In IET International Radar Conference 2009. IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0383.

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Chen, Xi-xin, and Yin-he Huang. "Ionosphere Decontamination of High Frequency Radar Echoes." In 2006 CIE International Conference on Radar. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icr.2006.343372.

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Torvik, Borge, Atle Knapskog, Oystein Lie-Svendsen, Karl Erik Olsen, and Hugh D. Griffiths. "Amplitude modulation on echoes from large birds." In 2014 11th European Radar Conference (EuRAD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurad.2014.6991236.

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Hedir, Mehdia, Fethi Demim, and Boualem Haddad. "Radar Echoes Classification Based on Local Descriptor." In 2018 International Conference on Signal, Image, Vision and their Applications (SIVA ). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/siva.2018.8661004.

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Lakshmanan, Valliappa, and Jian Zhang. "Censoring Biological Echoes in Weather Radar Images." In 2009 Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2009.640.

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Chabriel, Gilles, Jean Barrere, Ghislain Gassier, and Francoise Briolle. "Passive Covert Radars using CP-OFDM signals. A new efficient method to extract targets echoes." In 2014 International Radar Conference (Radar). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2014.7060382.

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Shen Xian-jun. "Digital array antenna measurement and azimuth accuracy analysis using real target's echoes." In 2011 IEEE CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cie-radar.2011.6159555.

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Xiongbin, Wu, Cheng Feng, Yang Zijie, and Ke Hengyu. "Broad Beam HFSWR Array Calibration Using Sea Echoes." In 2006 CIE International Conference on Radar. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icr.2006.343480.

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Reports on the topic "Radar echoes"

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Kohn, David. Echoes, April 1997, Number 18. Radar Program,. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada325397.

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Doerry, Armin. Digital Signal Processing of Radar Pulse Echoes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1663260.

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Borden, Brett, and R. J. Dinger. Radar Inverse Scattering Using Statistical Estimation of the Echo Phase- Front Derivatives. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada176598.

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Nishitani, Nozomu, Mark Lester, Steve E. Milan, Tadahiko Ogawa, and Natsuo Sato. Unusual Ionospheric Echoes with Velocity and Very Low Special Width Observed by the SuperDARN Radars in the Polar Cap During High Geomagnetic Activity. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada425045.

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Skolnik, Merrill I. Radar Information from the Partial Derivatives of the Echo Signal Phase from a Point Scatterer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada193402.

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