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Journal articles on the topic 'Radar navigation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Gooley, Tristan. "Nature's Radar." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 161–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000495.

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The author uses a personal account of a short-handed small boat voyage, from the Orkney Islands into the Arctic Circle, to determine whether nature can help a navigator estimate their distance from land. As part of this exercise the author reinforces his argument (Gooley, 2010) that natural navigation clues add not only to safety and general awareness, but offer the navigator a richer experience than relying solely on electronic navigation. The main aim of this expedition and paper is to establish whether some of the traditional methods of navigation, used by Pacific Island and Viking navigators, can be of any value to the modern navigator. Recorded sightings of birds, cetaceans, fish, jellyfish, water behaviour and colour are used to support the author's findings. The paper also contains the author's reflections on the experience of undertaking a voyage of this kind and leads to one surprising conclusion.

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2

Ward, N. "The Future of Radar Beacons." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023845.

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The principles of radar beacons (racons) are described and their significance for navigation discussed. Developments in radars which may affect the operation of racons are considered and ways of meeting the requirement to locate and identify aids to navigation on a radar display are considered. The developments in non-radar band transponders are reviewed to determine whether they might present an alternative to racons in the future.

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Czaplewski, Krzysztof, and Sławomir Świerczyński. "A Method of Increasing the Accuracy of Radar Distance Measurement in VTS Systems for Vessels with Very Large Dimensions." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 3066. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163066.

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The navigation information about a vessel’s position in the waters covered by the vessel traffic system operation is obtained through supervisory services, mainly from coastal navigation radars. Although today it is possible to simultaneously acquire data from many independent radars, the obtained radar image is inconsistent and consists of several echoes next to each other. This makes it difficult to establish which echo represents the monitored unit. Another problem is the method of determining radar distances, which significantly affect the quality of determining the observation position. Errors in radar distance may occur when determining the radar echoes from large vessels, where the position of the unit is not the same as the edge of the radar echo to which the observation is made. In this article, the authors present a method of improving the measured radar distance. The presented proposal was verified in navigation and maneuvering simulation conditions. It could support the process of determining the ship position in vessel traffic service (VTS) systems with increased accuracy.

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Scannapieco, A. F., A. Renga, G. Fasano, and A. Moccia. "ULTRALIGHT RADAR FOR SMALL AND MICRO-UAV NAVIGATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 24, 2017): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-333-2017.

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This paper presents a radar approach to navigation of small and micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in environments challenging for common sensors. A technique based on radar odometry is briefly explained and schemes for complete integration with other sensors are proposed. The focus of the paper is set on ultralight radars and interpretation of outputs of such sensor when dealing with autonomous navigation in complex scenario. The experimental setup used to analyse the proposed approach comprises one multi-rotor UAV and one ultralight commercial radar. Results from flight tests in which both forward-only motion and mixed motion are presented and analysed, providing a reference for understanding outputs of radar in complex scenarios. The radar odometry solution is compared with ground truth provided by GPS sensor.

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Berking, Bernhard, and Joachim Pfeiffer. "Stabilizing the Radar Picture and ARPA Data." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 1 (January 1995): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012479.

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Radar and ARPA are used both for anti-collision purposes and for navigational purposes. The requirements for ‘ground-stabilization for navigation’ and ‘sea-stabilization for collision-avoidance’ seem to exclude each other. Since the development of True Motion radar (TM), there is the need for an input of Own Ship's velocity. Since then, the mode of velocity input and, consequently, the mode of stabilization have been the subject of controversy. The problem became even more important by the introduction of ARPA, by the use of video map overlays and by the introduction of complex integrated navigation systems including radar.

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6

Deng, Shu Zhang. "Research on DSP Embedded Digital Signal Processing System for Ship Navigation Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4718.

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Development of digital signal processing and embedded technologies today, to the development of radar technology has brought new opportunities. Relative to the simulation of radar, digital radar has good performance, features, ease of operation, and other benefits. Design based on embedded processor and digital signal processor (DSP) dual processor shipboard navigation radar system, and focuses on digital shipborne navigational radar system architecture, hardware design and software algorithms for digital signal processing module, gives the overall scheme for DSP systems.

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7

Austin, G. L., A. Bellon, M. Riley, and E. Ballantyne. "Navigation by Computer Processing of Marine Radar Images." Journal of Navigation 38, no. 3 (September 1985): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300032744.

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The advantages of being able to process marine radar imagery in an on-line computer system have been illustrated by study of some navigational problems. The experiments suggest that accuracies of the order of 100 metres may be obtained in navigation in coastal regions using map overlays with marine radar data. A similar technique using different radar imagery of the same location suggests that the pattern-recognition technique may well yield a position-keeping ability of better than 10 metres.

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8

Xu, Jin, Baozhu Jia, Xinxiang Pan, Ronghui Li, Liang Cao, Can Cui, Haixia Wang, and Bo Li. "Hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring using shipborne radar small range images with electronic navigation chart." PeerJ Computer Science 6 (September 14, 2020): e290. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.290.

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Shipborne radars cannot only enable navigation and collision avoidance but also play an important role in the fields of hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring. In this paper, target extraction methods for oil films, ships and coastlines from original shipborne radar images are proposed. First, the shipborne radar video images are acquired by a signal acquisition card. Second, based on remote sensing image processing technology, the radar images are preprocessed, and the contours of the targets are extracted. Then, the targets identified in the radar images are integrated into an electronic navigation chart (ENC) by a geographic information system. The experiments show that the proposed target segmentation methods of shipborne radar images are effective. Using the geometric feature information of the targets identified in the shipborne radar images, information matching between radar images and ENC can be realized for hydrographic data inspection and disaster monitoring.

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9

Labowski, Michal, Piotr Kaniewski, and Piotr Serafin. "Motion Compensation for Radar Terrain Imaging Based on INS/GPS System." Sensors 19, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 3895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183895.

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In order to obtain good quality radar terrain images using an aerial-based synthetic aperture radar, a motion compensation procedure must be applied. This procedure can use a precise navigation system in order to determine the aircraft’s position and velocity. A major challenge is to design a motion compensation procedure that can operate in real time, which is crucial to ensure convenient data for a human analyst. The article discusses a possibility of Inertial Measurement System (INS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system usage in such a radar imaging system. A Kalman filter algorithm designed for this system is described herein, and its modifications introduced by the authors allow the use of navigational data not aligned in time and captured with different frequencies. The presented navigation system was tested using measured data. Radar images obtained with the INS/GPS-based motion compensation system were compared to the INS-only results and images obtained without navigation corrections. The evaluation results presented in the paper show that the INS/GPS system allows for better reduction of geometric distortions in images compared to the INS-based approach, which makes it more suitable for typical applications.

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10

Czaplewski, Krzysztof, and Mariusz Wąż. "Improvement in Accuracy of Determining a Vessel’s Position with the Use of Neural Networks Ana Robust M-Estimation." Polish Maritime Research 24, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0003.

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Abstract In the 21st century marine navigation has become dominated by satellite positioning systems and automated navigational processes. Today, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) play a central role in the process of carrying out basic navigational tasks, e.g. determining the coordinates of a vessel’s position at sea. Since satellite systems are being used increasingly more often in everyday life, the signals they send are becoming more and more prone to jamming. Therefore there is a need to search for other positioning systems and methods that would be as accurate and fast as the existing satellite systems. On the other hand, the automation process makes it possible to conduct navigational tasks more quickly. Due to the development of this technology, all kinds of navigation equipment can be used in the process of automating navigation. This also applies to marine radars, which are characterised by a relatively high accuracy that allows them to replace satellite systems in performing classic navigational tasks. By employing M-estimation methods that are used in geodesy as well as simple neural networks, a software package can be created that will aid in automating navigation and will provide highly accurate information about a given object’s position at sea by making use of radar in comparative navigation. This paper presents proposals for automating the process of determining a vessel’s position at sea by using comparative navigation methods that are based on simple neural networks and geodetic M-estimation methods.

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11

Haykin, Simon. "Polarimetric radar for accurate navigation." Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 17, no. 3 (July 1992): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cjece.1992.6594369.

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12

FRIED, WALTER R. "History of Doppler Radar Navigation." Navigation 40, no. 2 (June 1993): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.1993.tb02299.x.

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13

Cai, Huaqing, Wen-Chau Lee, Michael M. Bell, Cory A. Wolff, Xiaowen Tang, and Frank Roux. "A Generalized Navigation Correction Method for Airborne Doppler Radar Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 35, no. 10 (October 2018): 1999–2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-18-0028.1.

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AbstractUncertainties in aircraft inertial navigation system and radar-pointing angles can have a large impact on the accuracy of airborne dual-Doppler analyses. The Testud et al. (THL) method has been routinely applied to data collected by airborne tail Doppler radars over flat and nonmoving terrain. The navigation correction method proposed in Georgis et al. (GRH) extended the THL method over complex terrain and moving ocean surfaces by using a variational formulation but its capability over ocean has yet to be tested. Recognizing the limitations of the THL method, Bosart et al. (BLW) proposed to derive ground speed, tilt, and drift errors by statistically comparing aircraft in situ wind with dual-Doppler wind at the flight level. When combined with the THL method, the BLW method can retrieve all navigation errors accurately; however, it can be applied only to flat surfaces, and it is rather difficult to automate. This paper presents a generalized navigation correction method (GNCM) based on the GRH method that will serve as a single algorithm for airborne tail Doppler radar navigation correction for all possible surface conditions. The GNCM includes all possible corrections in the cost function and implements a new closure assumption by taking advantage of an accurate aircraft ground speed derived from GPS technology. The GNCM is tested extensively using synthetic airborne Doppler radar data with known navigation errors and published datasets from previous field campaigns. Both tests show the GNCM is able to correct the navigation errors associated with airborne tail Doppler radar data with adequate accuracy.

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14

Brocklebank, Roy. "WORLD WAR III – The 1960's Version." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 341–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003413.

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This article is based on a lecture to the Royal Institute of Navigation History of Air Navigation Group at Tangmere Museum on 12 May 2004. The author served as a navigator-radar – or a radar bomb aimer – within RAF Bomber Command during the mid-1960s. This article is based on his experience of this time in Bomber Command and describes how the Medium Bomber Force would have carried out their war operations had nuclear deterrence failed. In its day these plans were TOP SECRET.

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15

Tarchi, Dario, Michele Vespe, Ciro Gioia, Francesco Sermi, Vladimir Kyovtorov, and Giorgio Guglieri. "Low-Cost Mini Radar: Design Prototyping and Tests." Journal of Sensors 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8029364.

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Radar systems are largely employed for surveillance of wide and remote areas; the recent advent of drones gives the opportunity to exploit radar sensors on board of unmanned aerial platforms. Nevertheless, whereas drone radars are currently available for military applications, their employment in the civilian domain is still limited. The present research focuses on design, prototyping, and testing of an agile, low-cost, mini radar system, to be carried on board of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPAs) or tethered aerostats. In particular, the paper faces the challenge to integrate the in-house developed radar sensor with a low-cost navigation board, which is used to estimate attitude and positioning data. In fact, a suitable synchronization between radar and navigation data is essential to properly reconstruct the radar picture whenever the platform is moving or the radar is scanning different azimuthal sectors. Preliminary results, relative to tests conducted in preoperational conditions, are provided and exploited to assert the suitable consistency of the obtained radar pictures. From the results, there is a high consistency between the radar images and the picture of the current environment emerges; finally, the comparison of radar images obtained in different scans shows the stability of the platform.

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16

Banachowicz, Andrzej, and Adam Wolski. "Determination of Ship Approach Parameters in the Polar Coordinates System." Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics 96, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rgg-2014-0001.

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Abstract An essential aspect of the safety of navigation is avoiding collisions with other vessels and natural or man made navigational obstructions. To solve this kind of problem the navigator relies on automatic anti-collision ARPA systems, or uses a geometric method and makes radar plots. In both cases radar measurements are made: bearing (or relative bearing) on the target position and distance, both naturally expressed in the polar coordinates system originating at the radar antenna. We first convert original measurements to an ortho-Cartesian coordinate system. Then we solve collision avoiding problems in rectangular planar coordinates, and the results are transformed to the polar coordinate system. This article presents a method for an analysis of a collision situation at sea performed directly in the polar coordinate system. This approach enables a simpler geometric interpretation of a collision situation

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17

Guo, Muzhuang, Chen Guo, Chuang Zhang, Daheng Zhang, and Zongjiang Gao. "Fusion of Ship Perceptual Information for Electronic Navigational Chart and Radar Images based on Deep Learning." Journal of Navigation 73, no. 1 (June 14, 2019): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463319000481.

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Superimposing Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) data on marine radar images can enrich information for navigation. However, direct image superposition is affected by the performance of various instruments such as Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and compasses and may undermine the effectiveness of the resulting information. We propose a data fusion algorithm based on deep learning to extract robust features from radar images. By deep learning in this context we mean employing a class of machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, that use multiple layers to progressively extract higher level features from raw input. We first exploit the ability of deep learning to perform target detection for the identification of marine radar targets. Then, image processing is performed on the identified targets to determine reference points for consistent data fusion of ENC and marine radar information. Finally, a more intelligent fusion algorithm is built to merge the marine radar and electronic chart data according to the determined reference points. The proposed fusion is verified through simulations using ENC data and marine radar images from real ships in narrow waters over a continuous period. The results suggest a suitable performance for edge matching of the shoreline and real-time applicability. The fused image can provide comprehensive information to support navigation, thus enhancing important aspects such as safety.

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18

Baskoro, Farid. "Development of Radar and Navigation Radar Modules As A Learning Media Radar Course And Navigation In The Department Of Electrical Engineering, UNESA." INAJEEE : Indonesian Journal of Electrical and Eletronics Engineering 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/inajeee.v1n1.p12-18.

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AbstractRADAR (Radio Detection And Ranging) is a tool used to detect and know the distance of an object.Radar is one of the important tools in the world of telecommunications, shipping and in the militaryworld. So that the State University of Surabaya, especially the Department of Electrical Engineeringeducation set Radar and Navigation as One of the compulsory lecture that must be taken in the field ofcommunication electronics studies. In this study the author tries to develop teaching module to facilitatestudents in studying radar and navigation subjects. Where in the module consists of 7 chapters namelyRadar History, Radar Type, In Flight Radar, Navigation System, Infrastructure Radar, Hadware radar, andRadar Calibration and Radar Technique. The results of this module are then validated by expert lecturersand giving a student response questionnaire. Results for module validation by expert media obtained anaverage score of 84.06% for student responses in an average score of 83.21%. Based on the above datacan be stated that the module is suitable to be used as one of the reference and can be accepted by thestudents.Keywords: Radar. Radar Type, Teaching Module, Radar Infrastructure

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19

Trim, Richard M. "Radar Transponders and Radar Target Enhancers." Journal of Navigation 48, no. 3 (September 1995): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300012893.

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Radar transponders and radar target enhancers have been in use in a variety of applications for many years. Perhaps the most widely-known applications of radar transponders are in Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) and its civilian counterpart, secondary surveillance radar for air traffic control, and as racons in marine navigation and, most recently, as Search And Rescue Transponders (SART) in the Global Marine Distress and Safety System (GMDSS).

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20

SOTOOKA, Koukichi, Shogo HAYASHI, Hisao YAMAZAKI, and Satoshi MIYAGI. "Radar Support System for Safer Navigation." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 95 (1996): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.95.51.

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21

SHU, Rong, Yuan LING, Gui-Hua CUI, and Guang-Lie HONG. "Laser Doppler radar for landing navigation." Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 32, no. 6 (2013): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1010.2013.00508.

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22

Fang Zhenhe, Zhang Jun, and Wang Yi. "The HAL-3 airborne navigation radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 32, no. 3 (July 1996): 1208–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.532286.

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23

McGeoch, Ian, and W. B. Stawell. "Radar Reflectors, Radar Beacons and Transponders as Aids to Navigation." Journal of Navigation 40, no. 3 (September 1987): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000606.

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A decade ago the opinion was expressed in that authoritative work The Use of Radar at Sea that:In its peaceful application marine radar is hardly out of its adolescence. In twenty years it may have grown out of recognition. Whether it does so or not depends upon a number of factors of which, perhaps, the most important is progressive thought on the part of the user and his employers (p. 258).

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24

Wu, Tian Bao, Tun Dong Liu, and Hao Jiang. "An Online Terrain Avoidance Algorithm Based on Inverted Triangle." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 2359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.2359.

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For Laser-Based forward looking radar cruise coasting stages independently evade terrain obstacles the subject. In Terrain avoidance algorithm, the paper presented the concept of flight vector triangle. By solving forward looking radar laser terrain points in the field of view of cost function, find the most suitable place flight vector topographic points of a triangle, determining terrain avoidance navigation point, greatly simplifies the gain terrain avoidance radar field angle calculation process navigation point. The algorithm is simple and quick, timely access to bypass navigation radar field of view, providing feasibility guarantees for the missiles’self avoiding flight.

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25

Zou, Tao, Xian Lin Zeng, and Wei Dong Zhang. "Airborne Doppler Navigation Radar Intelligent Test System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1331–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1331.

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Based on the virtual instrument technology of the airborne Doppler navigation radar intelligent detection system is introduced, whose Direct Digital Synthesize is designed using Direct Digital Synthesize, producing high resolution Doppler frequency signal through the digital control. The software is written with Visual Basic 6.0, which offer users an intelligent and automatic test environment and test interface. People can easily complete the radar fault detection complete the radar fault detection. The intelligent integrated test system has advanced technology, superior performance, simplicity of operator, strong real-time and convenience of expanding, which has a very important significance to ensure flight safety and improve the fighting capacity.

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26

Gucma, Maciej. "Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation." Journal of Konbin 6, no. 3 (January 1, 2008): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10040-008-0070-2.

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Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation Automatic Identification System (AIS) ensures automatic transfer of information between sea going vessels and land based monitoring centers. AIS transceivers are obligatory on board vessels of 300 gross register tones and over. System supports safe navigation at confined and open areas, whilst on the former mentioned is especially helpful due to limited range of radar. Article presents low cost AIS system for small vessels and leisure crafts where AIS is not obligatory but might be valuable navigational aid. Some aspects concerning accuracy are presented as well.

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27

Jo, Gwang Hee, Jin Hyuk Lee, Jae Hee Noh, Ju Hyun Lee, Jae Min Ahn, and Sang Jeong Lee. "Performance analysis of GPS / Radar integrated navigation system." E3S Web of Conferences 94 (2019): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199402006.

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GPS is used in various navigation fields. However, visibility is lowered in such an environment as urban canyon, and navigation performance deteriorates due to the visibility, multipath effect. So, in order to improve navigation performance in this environment, methods of integration with other sensors have been studied. In this paper, we use radar to measure the range of the landmark with known position. An integration algorithm is designed using GPS pseudorange and radar measurement.

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28

Trim, Richard M. "‘Future of Radar Enhancers’." Journal of Navigation 51, no. 1 (January 1998): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463397237550.

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29

Svilicic, Rudan, Jugović, and Zec. "A Study on Cyber Security Threats in a Shipboard Integrated Navigational System." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100364.

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The integrated navigational system (INS) enhances the effectiveness and safety of ship navigation by providing multifunctional display on the basis of integration of at least two navigational functions, the voyage route monitoring with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and collision avoidance with radar. The INS is essentially a software platform for fusion of data from the major ECDIS and radar systems with sensors for the additional navigation functions of route planning, status and data display, and alert management. This paper presents a study on cyber security resilience examination of a shipboard INS installed on a RoPax ship engaged in international trade. The study was based on a mixed-method approach, combining an interview of the ship's navigational ranks and cyber security testing of the INS using an industry vulnerability scanner. The identified threats were analyzed qualitatively to study the source of cyber risks threatening the INS. The results obtained point out cyber threats related to weaknesses of the INS underlying operating system, suggesting a need for occasional preventive maintenance in addition to the regulatory compliance required.

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Schouten, Girmi, and Jan Steckel. "A Biomimetic Radar System for Autonomous Navigation." IEEE Transactions on Robotics 35, no. 3 (June 2019): 539–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tro.2018.2889577.

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31

Reich, Galen M., Michael Antoniou, and Christopher J. Baker. "Memory‐enhanced cognitive radar for autonomous navigation." IET Radar, Sonar & Navigation 14, no. 9 (August 3, 2020): 1287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rsn.2019.0409.

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32

Sjanic, Zoran, and Fredrik Gustafsson. "Simultaneous navigation and synthetic aperture radar focusing." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 51, no. 2 (April 2015): 1253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2015.120820.

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33

Donderi, Don C., Robert Mercer, M. Blair Hong, and Douglas Skinner. "Simulated Navigation Performance with Marine Electronic Chart and Information Display Systems (ECDIS)." Journal of Navigation 57, no. 2 (April 21, 2004): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463304002668.

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Licensed mariners carried out two simulated navigation studies testing electronic chart and information display systems (ECDIS) against paper chart navigation. In the first study, six mariners each completed approaches to Halifax, Nova Scotia, harbour with good and bad visibility and a range of wind and currents. Conditions included chart with radar, ECDIS with radar overlay and ECDIS with separate radar. ECDIS produced better performance and a smaller workload than paper charts and the radar overlay was slightly better than the separate radar display. In the second study, six new mariners completed exercises with low visibility and heavy or light radar traffic using ECDIS with radar overlay, ECDIS without overlay and ECDIS with optional overlay. Mariners preferred the optional overlay but all three conditions produced about equal performance. Based on mariners' performance and expressed preference, we recommend that ECDIS systems provide optional radar overlays.

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34

A.-Mun˜oyerro, M. Alfonso, and J. C. Nieto Borge. "Directional Wave Navigation Radar Measurements Compared With Pitch-Roll Buoy Data." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 119, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829041.

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The knowledge of the spectral behavior of a specific sea region is complete when we know surface elevations and directional wave movements. Usually, sea directional descriptions have been made using pitch-roll buoys, which can provide us with several wave characteristic time series. Alternatively, there are other measure systems, which belong to remote sensing technics, such as shipboard navigation radars. The aim of the present work is to compare results obtained from pitch-roll data and ship radar wave measurements obtained during a campaign in the Cantabric Sea.

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35

Ward, N. "The Future of Radar Target Enhancers." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 2 (May 1997): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023857.

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The development, present status and likely application of Radar Target Enhancers are discussed. Their role in improving the effectiveness of aids to navigation and enhancing the safety of small craft is considered and their likely further development assessed.The Radar Target Enhancer (RTE) is a device which automatically transmits a signal in response to an interrogating signal received. The response from an RTE has no identifying code. The RTE only amplifies and retransmits the radar signal received, so that it has the same appearance on a display as a passive return, but is more consistent. The purpose is to improve the radar returns from navigation marks and to improve radar detection of small craft, to reduce the risk of collision.

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Lisowski, Józef. "Determination and Display of Safe Ship Trajectories in Collision Situations at Sea." Solid State Phenomena 236 (July 2015): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.236.128.

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In this paper, game and optimization theory is applied to the marine navigation in congested waters. The process of game ship control is mentioned first, and then the base model and the approximated models are described with the simulation results. For each approximated model of the dynamic game, an appropriate method of safe control to support the navigator decision in a collision situations has been assigned. The considerations have been illustrated an examples of a computer simulation of several algorithms to determine the safe ship's trajectory in situations of passing many of the ships encountered, recorded on the radar screen in real navigational situation at sea.

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Qin, Yuxin, and Yu Chen. "Signal processing algorithm of ship navigation radar based on azimuth distance monitoring." International Journal of Metrology and Quality Engineering 10 (2019): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ijmqe/2019010.

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The effect of ship navigation radar signal processing has a great impact on the overall performance of the radar system. In this paper, the signal processing algorithm is studied. Firstly, the principle of radar azimuth and distance monitoring is introduced, then the pulse accumulation algorithm and median filtering algorithm are analyzed, and finally a sea clutter suppression algorithm based on sensitivity time control (STC) and a rain and snow clutter suppression algorithm based on constant false alarm rate are designed to improve the target monitoring performance of radar. In the test of the algorithm, the radar signal processing algorithm designed in this study has good precision as monitoring error of the target's azimuth and distance is controlled within 1%; and it also has a better suppression effect of sea clutter and rain and snow clutter, which can suppress the clutter well, improve the target clarity, and ensure the safe navigation of the ship. The experiment proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and provides some theoretical basis for the better processing of radar signals, which is beneficial to improve the environment perception ability of ships in harsh environments and promote the further development of the navigation industry.

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Meng, Li Xia, Fu Chun Sun, Hua Ping Liu, and Tao Chu. "A Fusion Navigation of Double Laser Radar for Intelligent Vehicle." Advanced Materials Research 346 (September 2011): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.346.711.

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A navigation method is presented for intelligent vehicle based on fusion of double laser radar. Given laser radar model and road curb model, road curbs are detected by one laser radar tilt-mounted on the intelligent vehicle, and they restrict the vehicle to travel inside the road surface. First, obstacle information from two laser radar are unified to same reference frame and fused, then they are implemented using angle potential field method, the best navigation angle is computed under the road curb restriction. Experiments show the algorithm works well in spite of road-boundary has regular shape or not, and is free from the impact of height difference of the road curb and road surface.

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Heriana, Octa, Teguh Praludi, and Chaeriah Bin Ali Wael. "Binary Template Matching for Morphological Dilation Enhancement in Navigation Radar Imaging." Jurnal Elektronika dan Telekomunikasi 18, no. 2 (December 28, 2018): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jet.v18.60-66.

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Radar imaging system is strongly influenced by other supporting systems. There is a motor system that provides angular information to the display system, and Digital Signal Processing (DSP) system that provides the main information for radar imaging. The new approach, we substitute a DC servo motor with a DC stepper motor as radar antenna rotator in our navigation radar system development. Different from the use of servo motors that can provide angle movements smoothly, the new motor system provides angle information of 0.56 degrees in every step, results in empty pixel gaps in every 0.56 degrees in radar Plan Position Indicator (PPI) image. The width of the empty pixel gaps becomes wider when the cell array of raw data is increasing regarding the image plotting process. In this paper, we proposed a new morphological dilation method to the radar raw data based on binary template matching to accommodate the various width of empty pixel gaps before the radar raw data are plotted into the radar PPI image. By this method, the morphological dilation will only be applied to the raw data that meet the same criteria as the binary template. Otherwise, the raw data will be left as they are. The result shows that there is 150.52% pixel data addition in the empty pixel gaps from the original image, and 48.44% increase of the morphological dilation without binary template matching method.

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Bosart, Brian L., Wen-Chau Lee, and Roger M. Wakimoto. "Procedures to Improve the Accuracy of Airborne Doppler Radar Data." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 19, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 322–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426-19.3.322.

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Abstract The navigation correction method proposed in Testud et al. (referred to as the THL method) systematically identifies uncertainties in the aircraft Inertial Navigation System and errors in the radar-pointing angles by analyzing the radar returns from a flat and stationary earth surface. This paper extends the THL study to address 1) error characteristics on the radar display, 2) sensitivity of the dual-Doppler analyses to navigation errors, 3) fine-tuning the navigation corrections for individual flight legs, and 4) identifying navigation corrections over a flat and nonstationary earth surface (e.g., ocean). The results show that the errors in each of the parameters affect the dual-Doppler wind analyses and the first-order derivatives in different manners. The tilt error is the most difficult parameter to determine and has the greatest impact on the dual-Doppler analysis. The extended THL method can further reduce the drift, ground speed, and tilt errors in all flight legs over land by analyzing the residual velocities of the earth surface using the corrections obtained in the calibration legs. When reliable dual-Doppler winds can be deduced at flight level, the Bosart–Lee–Wakimoto method presented here can identify all eight errors by satisfying three criteria: 1) the flight-level dual-Doppler winds near the aircraft are statistically consistent with the in situ winds, 2) the flight-level dual-Doppler winds are continuous across the flight track, and 3) the surface velocities of the left (right) fore radar have the same magnitude but opposite sign as their counterparts of right (left) aft radar. This procedure is able to correct airborne Doppler radar data over the ocean and has been evaluated using datasets collected during past experiments. Consistent calibration factors are obtained in multiple legs. The dual-Doppler analyses using the corrected data are statistically superior to those using uncorrected data.

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van Breda, Leo. "Capability Prediction: An Effective Way to Improve Navigational Performance." Journal of Navigation 53, no. 2 (May 2000): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300008833.

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The potential benefit of predictive information for navigation support was investigated in a simulator study. Twelve participants had to guide a medium-size vessel across a traffic separation scheme. In the simulator, critical vessel traffic scenarios were created, where participants were provided with: (i) baseline Automatic Radar Plotting Aid (ARPA) information, and (ii) baseline ARPA information supplemented with capability prediction information. This is information that shows the predicted manoeuvring margins of the vessel, indicating the predicted boundaries of safe operation. Results of the experiment indicate that capability prediction allows better anticipation by the navigator, significantly improving ship navigation performance.

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Breedveld, D. "Waypoint Navigation for Rivercraft?" Journal of Navigation 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 136–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398008194.

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Anticipating that transport on the West European inland waterways will increase in volume, in ship size and in speed, experiments are being carried out to investigate whether safety of navigation – including traffic management – can be improved by the employment of GPS or DGPS, electronic navigation charts, river radar and computer technology. Although waypoint navigation and collision avoidance systems are generally accepted in the maritime world, these methods could cause problems when applied on inland waterways.

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Arleiny, Arleiny, Elise Dwi Lestari, Iie Suwondo, and Ni Putu Bintang Widhiari. "Improving observation when watch keeping duty in bad weather conditions on the ship of KM. Binaiya." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 8 (July 5, 2020): e285983428. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.3428.

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The aim of this study is to observe watch-keeping duty on KM. Binaya in bad weather conditions. The method used in this study is qualitative research. This research was carried out when carrying out the sail practice for a year on KM. Binaiya and the data used were taken from several sources, second officer and crew. The result of this research shows that the use of radar navigation tools that are already good and need to be improved again and cadet on duty and the helmsman very much needs to prepare himself to help the officer on duty do the navigational watch keeping in conditions of bad weather and limited vision. Furthermore, based on the result, it can be concluded that the watch keeping cadet also plays an important role in helping the watchmaker by maximizing the use of the radar / arpa navigation tool and is more alert in reporting the dangers of the officer on duty in order to avoid collision.

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Huang, Yanchuan, Paul Victor Brennan, Dave Patrick, I. Weller, Peters Roberts, and K. Hughes. "FMCW BASED MIMO IMAGING RADAR FOR MARITIME NAVIGATION." Progress In Electromagnetics Research 115 (2011): 327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier11021509.

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Shang, Meng, Xu Aiqiang, Zhao Xiuli, Yang Chunying, and Li Tingjun. "COST-Based Design PMA for Certain Navigation Radar." Procedia Engineering 23 (2011): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2495.

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Jose, Ebi, Martin Adams, John Stephen Mullane, and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis. "Predicting Millimeter Wave Radar Spectra for Autonomous Navigation." IEEE Sensors Journal 10, no. 5 (May 2010): 960–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2009.2037013.

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Kim, Youngjoo, Junwoo Park, and Hyochoong Bang. "Terrain-Referenced Navigation using an Interferometric Radar Altimeter." Navigation 65, no. 2 (June 2018): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/navi.233.

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Li, Maodeng, Xiangyu Huang, Dayi Wang, Chao Xu, Minwen Guo, Jinchang Hu, and Xiaowen Zhang. "Radar-Updated Inertial Landing Navigation With Online Initialization." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 56, no. 5 (October 2020): 3360–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/taes.2020.2987405.

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Meng, Li Xia, Fu Chun Sun, Guang Yu Bin, and Hong Bo Li. "Outdoor Mobile Robot Navigation System Based on BCI and Dual Laser Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 665 (October 2014): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.665.629.

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A machine intelligence assistant BCI fusion navigation method of an outdoor mobile robot is put forward in view of the problem of BCI’s low signal-to-noise ratio, bad accuracy and long time delay. A vehicle navigation system based on BCI and dual laser radar is designed and implemented. First, improved angle potential field method based on dual laser radar is used for local path planning, then with navigation intention from BCI system, control commands are generated by fusion decision and used for driving a electric vehicle with modified mechanical system. Experiments show that the system can realize intelligent obstacle avoidance and human-machine collaborative navigation based on environmental obstacle information and brain machine interface control intention and it has higher accuracy, fault tolerance and robustness

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Świerczyński, Sławomir, and Krzysztof Czaplewski. "THE APPLICATION OF METHODS OF ROBUST M-ESTIMATION IN ESTABLISHING SHIP POSITION IN MARINE TRAFFIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS BASED ON RADAR OBSERVATIONS." Annual of Navigation 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aon-2013-0009.

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ABSTRACT In the last years considerable emphasis has been placed on safety at sea. There is the maritime security and surveillance system whose main aim is to execute tasks in the interests of maritime safety and to react in case of emergency. They are monitored by networks of radar stations. On such areas we obtain a lot of navigation data which could be used to improve ship’s parameters (position), using know in geodesy modern M-estimation methods. Simultaneous acquisition of navigational information from many independent radar stations will render it possible to obtain a more accurate ship position in marine traffic surveillance systems in relation to the calculated position. A position expected in an adjustment calculus is received from a watch officer. It is burdened with a fallacy of navigation systems and the quality of marking ship’s route on a map. In the case of navigational-parameter measurements used for depicting ship position, one can obtain incorrect results due to a disturbance in the measurement process. In extreme cases, such erroneous data could significantly differ from the anticipated results. Deviating observations could significantly influence the values of measurement results. In order to eliminate the determination of erroneous measurements, one could use resistant estimation methods with suitably selected attenuation functions. The accuracy of a determined position will not be better than the capabilities of the device used. Adjustment gives the possibility of eliminating or minimizing human errors as well as the errors in the indications of navigational devices. This paper presents the latest robust estimation methods using Danish attenuation function for adjustment of navigational observation, using radar observation.

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