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Journal articles on the topic 'Radar theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Junyent, Francesc, and V. Chandrasekar. "Theory and Characterization of Weather Radar Networks." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 3 (2009): 474–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jtecha1099.1.

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Abstract A dense weather radar network is an emerging concept advanced by the Engineering Research Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere (CASA). In a weather radar environment, the specific radar units employed and the network topology will influence the characteristics of the data obtained. To define this, a general framework is developed to describe the radar network space, and formulations are obtained that can be used for weather radar network characterization. The models developed are useful for quantifying and comparing the performance of different weather radar net

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2

Silva, Murilo Teixeira, Weimin Huang, and Eric W. Gill. "Bistatic High-Frequency Radar Cross-Section of the Ocean Surface with Arbitrary Wave Heights." Remote Sensing 12, no. 4 (2020): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12040667.

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The scattering theory developed in the past decades for high-frequency radio oceanography has been restricted to surfaces with small heights and small slopes. In the present work, the scattering theory for bistatic high-frequency radars is extended to ocean surfaces with arbitrary wave heights. Based on recent theoretical developments in the scattering theory for ocean surfaces with arbitrary heights for monostatic radars, the electric field equations for bistatic high-frequency radars in high sea states are developed. This results in an additional term related to the first-order electric fiel

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Volosyuk, Valeriy, and Semen Zhyla. "Statistical Theory of Optimal Stochastic Signals Processing in Multichannel Aerospace Imaging Radar Systems." Computation 10, no. 12 (2022): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computation10120224.

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The work is devoted to solving current scientific and applied problems of the development of radar imaging methods. These developments are based on statistical theory of optimal signal processing. These developments allow researchers to create coherent high-resolution information-enriched images as well as incoherent images. These methods can be practically applied in multichannel aerospace radars through the proposed programs and algorithms. Firstly, the following models of stochastic signals at the output of multichannel registration regions of scattered electro-magnetic fields, internal noi

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Kutuzov, V. M., V. I. Veremyev, Nguyen Van Tuan, and E. N. Vorobev. "Feasibility Study of Using 5G Signals for Illumination Purposes in Passive Radar." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 27, no. 1 (2024): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2024-27-1-67-78.

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Introduction. Passive radars perform target detection based on reflected signals emitted by third-party transmitters. The absence of its own transmitter determines the main advantages of passive radars compared to conventional active radars: lower cost, silent operation, no electromagnetic impact on other radio equipment and the environment. Third-party transmitters of different telecommunication systems are currently used as illuminators of opportunity in passive radars. The emergence of new telecommunication standards opens additional prospects for the development of passive radars. For inst

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Srinivasan, R. "Distributed radar detection theory." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 133, no. 1 (1986): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0010.

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6

Wang, Chun Yu, Xing Long Qi, Shuo Chang, and Lin Ren. "The Decision Method of Electromagnetic Compatibility between Radars Based on the Theory of Signal Detection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 2959–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.2959.

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In order to determine the electromagnetic compatibility between radars better, this paper deduced the distribution character of signal+ noise+ jamming and the signal passing narrowband linear filtering system based on the signal detection theory, and established the quantitative relationship of the radar detection probability and jamming noise ratio on this basis, the detection probability was used to judge the electromagnetic compatibility between radars directly. The simulation experimental results showed that the detection probability was reduced with the increase of interference intensity,

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Anderson, Stuart. "Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar." Remote Sensing 13, no. 21 (2021): 4398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214398.

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Radars operating in the HF band are widely used for over-the-horizon remote sensing of ocean surface conditions, ionospheric studies and the monitoring of ship and aircraft traffic. Several hundreds of such radars are in operation, yet only a handful of experiments have been conducted to assess the prospect of utilizing this technology for the remote sensing of sea ice. Even then, the measurements carried out have addressed only the most basic questions: is there ice present, and can we measure its drift? Recently the theory that describes HF scattering from the dynamic sea surface was extende

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Talich, Milan, Jan Havrlant, Lubomír Soukup, et al. "Accuracy Analysis and Appropriate Strategy for Determining Dynamic and Quasi-Static Bridge Structural Response Using Simultaneous Measurements with Two Real Aperture Ground-Based Radars." Remote Sensing 15, no. 3 (2023): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15030837.

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Over the past 10 years, ground-based radar interferometry has become a frequently used technology for determining dynamic deflections of bridge structures induced by vehicle passages. When measuring with only one radar device, the so-called Interpretation Error (EI) considerably rises. When using two radars, it is possible to simultaneously determine, for example, vertical and longitudinal displacements and to eliminate the Interpretation Error. The aim of the article is to establish a suitable strategy for determining dynamic and quasi-static response of bridge structures based on the accurac

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9

Vovshin, B. M., A. A. Pushkov, and E. M. Khalturina. "On the equivalence of characteristics and specularity in the construction of traditional and MIMO radars with a parallel view of space based on antenna arrays." Russian Technological Journal 13, no. 3 (2025): 73–83. https://doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2025-13-3-73-83.

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Objectives. In recent years, more and more attention has been paid in radar theory and practice to the development of multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) radar, which offers a number of advantages over traditional radar based on phased antenna arrays (PAAs). These include the possibility to flexibly view space and adapt to a changing signal-interference environment, etc. MIMO technology used in radar requires the emission of a probe signal in the form of a coherent system of orthogonal signals, each of which triggers its own emitter in the transmitting antenna array (AA). As a result, th

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10

Goldstein, J. S., and I. S. Reed. "Theory of partially adaptive radar." IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 33, no. 4 (1997): 1309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.625132.

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11

Bestugin, Aleksandr R., Maksim B. Ryzhikov, Yuliana A. Novikova, and Irina A. Kirshina. "Increasing the effectiveness of aircraft detection on catch-up courses in pulse-Doppler airborne radars with a low carrier flight altitude." T-Comm 17, no. 4 (2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2023-17-4-11-16.

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Problem statement. The effectiveness of solving the problem of warning about possible collisions of small aircraft or unmanned aerial vehicles intended for the development of hard-to-reach territories depends on the time of early detection of another aircraft on intersecting trajectories. As a result of the comparative analysis of radar detection methods carried out in the article, taking into account the differences in the signal-interference situation characteristic of on-board pulse−Doppler radars for targets on catch-up courses in versions "multiple input - multiple output", "with joint a

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12

Duke, Jonathan, Eli Neville, and Jorge Vargas. "A Modulated Approach for Improving MFSK RADARS to Resolve Mutual Interference on Autonomous Vehicles (AVs)." Sensors 23, no. 16 (2023): 7192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23167192.

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This paper proposes a novel automotive radar waveform involving the theory behind M-ary frequency shift key (MFSK) radar systems. Along with the MFSK theory, coding schemes are studied to provide a solution to mutual interference. The proposed MFSK waveform consists of frequency increments throughout the range of 76 GHz to 81 GHz with a step value of 1 GHz. Instead of stepping with a fixed frequency, a triangular chirp sequence allows for static and moving objects to be detected. Therefore, automotive radars will improve Doppler estimation and simultaneous range of various targets. In this pap

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Marzano, F. S., and G. Ferrauto. "Relation between weather radar equation and first-order backscattering theory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 1 (2003): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-301-2003.

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Abstract. Aim of this work is to provide a new insight into the physical basis of the meteorological-radar theory in attenuating media. Starting form the general integral form of the weather radar equation, a modified form of the classical weather radar equation at attenuating wavelength is derived. This modified radar equation includes a new parameter, called the range-bin extinction factor, taking into account the rainfall path attenuation within each range bin. It is shown that, only in the case of low-to-moderate attenuating media, the classical radar equation at attenuating wavelength can

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Marzano, F. S., and G. Ferrauto. "Relation between weather radar equation and first-order backscattering theory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 3 (2003): 813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-813-2003.

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Abstract. Aim of this work is to provide a new insight into the physical basis of the meteorological-radar theory in attenuating media. Starting form the general integral form of the weather radar equation, a modified form of the classical weather radar equation at attenuating wavelength is derived. This modified radar equation includes a new parameter, called the range-bin extinction factor, taking into account the rainfall path attenuation within each range bin. It is shown that, only in the case of low-to-moderate attenuating media, the classical radar equation at attenuating wavelength can

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15

Dai, Xiangrong, Chenguang Shi, Ziwei Wang, and Jianjiang Zhou. "Coalition Game Theoretic Power Allocation Strategy for Multi-Target Detection in Distributed Radar Networks." Remote Sensing 15, no. 15 (2023): 3804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15153804.

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This paper studies a coalition game theoretic power allocation algorithm for multi-target detection in radar networks based on low probability of intercept (LPI). The main goal of the algorithm is to reduce the total radiated power of the radar networks while satisfying the predetermined target detection performance of each radar. Firstly, a utility function that comprehensively considers both target detection performance and the radiated power of the radar networks is designed with LPI performance as the guiding principle. Secondly, it causes a coalition to form between cooperating radars, an

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16

Zhyla, Simeon, Valerii Volosyuk, Vladimir Pavlikov, et al. "Statistical synthesis of aerospace radars structure with optimal spatio-temporal signal processing, extended observation area and high spatial resolution." RADIOELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS, no. 1 (February 23, 2022): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/reks.2022.1.14.

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Using the statistical theory of optimization of radio engineering systems the optimal method of coherent radar imaging of surfaces in airborne synthetic aperture radar with planar antenna arrays is developed. This method summarizes several modes of terrain observation and it is fully consistent with current trends in the development of cognitive radars with the possibilities of radiation pattern restructuring in space and adaptive reception of reflected signals. Possible modifications of the obtained optimal method for the operation of high-precision airborne radars with a wide swath are prese

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17

Wang, Chun Yu, Xing Long Qi, Run Lan Tian, and Lin Ren. "The Radar Signal Detection Based on Higher Order Statistics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 421–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.421.

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Radar signal detection theory is significant for the radar signal detection, and there are many radar signal detection method at present. In this paper, higher order statistics was used to achieve the radar signal detection. It analyzed the basic theory of higher order statistics and higher order statistics in radar signal detection. And it achieved radar signal detection in the MATLAB software, colored Gaussian noise signal detection method based on dual-spectrum was used to detect the radar signal mixed with man-made noise.

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18

Angulo, I., O. Grande, D. Jenn, D. Guerra, and D. de la Vega. "Estimating reflectivity values from wind turbines for analyzing the potential impact on weather radar services." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 2 (2015): 1477–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-1477-2015.

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Abstract. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has repeatedly expressed concern over the increasing number of impact cases of wind turbine farms on weather radars. Since nowadays signal processing techniques to mitigate Wind Turbine Clutter (WTC) are scarce, the most practical approach to this issue is the assessment of the potential interference from a wind farm before it is installed. To do so, and in order to obtain a WTC reflectivity model, it is crucial to estimate the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be built, which represents the power percentage of the radar sig

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19

Asif, Asma, and Sithamparanathan Kandeepan. "Cooperative Fusion Based Passive Multistatic Radar Detection." Sensors 21, no. 9 (2021): 3209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093209.

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Passive multistatic radars have gained a lot of interest in recent years as they offer many benefits contrary to conventional radars. Here in this research, our aim is detection of target in a passive multistatic radar system. The system contains a single transmitter and multiple spatially distributed receivers comprised of both the surveillance and reference antennas. The system consists of two main parts: 1. Local receiver, and 2. Fusion center. Each local receiver detects the signal, processes it, and passes the information to the fusion center for final detection. To take the advantage of

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20

Bell, M. R. "Information theory and radar waveform design." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 39, no. 5 (1993): 1578–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.259642.

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21

Mel'nik, V. N. "Plasma theory of solar radar echoes." Radio Science 38, no. 3 (2003): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000rs002454.

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22

Auslander, L., and R. Tolimieri. "Radar Ambiguity Functions and Group Theory." SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis 16, no. 3 (1985): 577–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0516043.

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23

Rajesh Kedarnath Navandar. "Statistical Signal Processing for Radar Systems." Panamerican Mathematical Journal 35, no. 1s (2024): 200–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/pmj.v35.i1s.2306.

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Through measurable models, "Factual Flag Handling for Radar Frameworks" goes into detail around the progressed procedures and strategies utilized to see at and progress radar information. This field employments thoughts from both measurable hypothesis and flag preparing to unravel difficult issues in radar framework execution, like finding targets, taking after them, and speculating what they are. This article talks approximately distinctive factual models and strategies that can be utilized with radar. These incorporate Bayesian gauges, versatile sifting, and theory testing. This paper talks

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24

Pietkiewicz, Tadeusz. "Fusion of Identification Information from ESM Sensors and Radars Using Dezert–Smarandache Theory Rules." Remote Sensing 15, no. 16 (2023): 3977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15163977.

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This paper presents a method of fusion of identification (attribute) information provided by two types of sensors: combined primary and secondary (IFF) surveillance radars and ESMs (electronic support measures). In the first section, the basic taxonomy of attribute identification is adopted in accordance with the standards of STANAG 1241 ed. 5 and STANAG 1241 ed. 6 (draft). These standards provide the following basic values of the attribute identifications: FRIEND; HOSTILE; NEUTRAL; UNKNOWN; and additional values, namely ASSUMED FRIEND and SUSPECT. The basis of theoretical considerations is De

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Xue, Chenyan, Ling Wang, and Daiyin Zhu. "Dwell Time Allocation Algorithm for Multiple Target Tracking in LPI Radar Network Based on Cooperative Game." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205944.

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To solve the problem of dwell time management for multiple target tracking in Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radar network, a Nash bargaining solution (NBS) dwell time allocation algorithm based on cooperative game theory is proposed. This algorithm can achieve the desired low interception performance by optimizing the allocation of the dwell time of each radar under the constraints of the given target detection performance, minimizing the total dwell time of radar network. By introducing two variables, dwell time and target allocation indicators, we decompose the dwell time and target all

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Angulo, I., O. Grande, D. Jenn, D. Guerra, and D. de la Vega. "Estimating reflectivity values from wind turbines for analyzing the potential impact on weather radar services." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 5 (2015): 2183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2183-2015.

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Abstract. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) has repeatedly expressed concern over the increasing number of impact cases of wind turbine farms on weather radars. Current signal processing techniques to mitigate wind turbine clutter (WTC) are scarce, so the most practical approach to this issue is the assessment of the potential interference from a wind farm before it is installed. To do so, and in order to obtain a WTC reflectivity model, it is crucial to estimate the radar cross section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be built, which represents the power percentage of the radar signal

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27

Schlegel, K., and A. V. Gurevich. "Radar backscatter from plasma irregularities of the lower E region induced by neutral turbulence." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 7 (1997): 870–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0870-z.

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Abstract. Recently, one of the authors (A. V. G.) developed a theory of low-frequency plasma irregularities which are created as a consequence of neutral turbulence in the D and lower E regions. In the following this theory will be applied to coherent backscatter experiments with radars in a frequency range between 5 and 150 MHz. We discuss the dependence of the backscatter cross-section on ionospheric as well as on turbulence parameters. The backscatter increases strongly with decreasing radar frequency. Above 15 MHz the effects discussed here can probably only be detected by very powerful ra

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Konopel'kin, M. Yu, S. V. Petrov, and D. A. Smirnyagina. "Implementation of stochastic signal processing algorithms in radar CAD." Russian Technological Journal 10, no. 5 (2022): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2500-316x-2022-10-5-49-59.

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Objectives. In 2020, development work on the creation of a Russian computer-assisted design system for radars (radar CAD) was completed. Radar CAD provides extensive opportunities for creating simulation models for developing the hardware-software complex of radar algorithms, which take into account the specific conditions of aerospace environment observation. The purpose of the present work is to review and demonstrate the capabilities of radar CAD in terms of implementing and testing algorithms for processing stochastic signals.Methods. The work is based on the mathematical apparatus of line

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Mel’nik, Valentin. "Plasma Theory of Solar Radar Echoes after Thirty Years." Highlights of Astronomy 12 (2002): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600013836.

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In 1967 Gordon made the revolutionary assumption that reflection of radar signal from the Sun can be explained by its scattering on microturbulence (Gordon 1973). In his first model it was ion-sound turbulence. Later he considered radar scattering on Langmuir turbulence. The principal opportunity to explain frequency displacements of radar echoes observed in James’ experiments (James 1966, 1970) was shown. However, it turned out (Gerasimova 1979) that the mechanism needed an impermissible high level of isotropic turbulence for the reflection with cross-sectionsσ= 10πR2ʘ.

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Toker, Onur, and Marius Brinkmann. "A Novel Nonlinearity Correction Algorithm for FMCW Radar Systems for Optimal Range Accuracy and Improved Multitarget Detection Capability." Electronics 8, no. 11 (2019): 1290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111290.

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Frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars are an important class of radar systems, and they are quite popular because of their simpler architecture and lower cost. A fundamental problem in FMCW radars is the nonlinearity of the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which results in a range of measurement errors, problems in multitarget detection, and degradation in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this paper, we first introduce a novel upsampling theory, then propose new algorithms to improve range accuracy and multitarget detection capability. These improvements are demonstrat

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Eshleman, Von R. "The radar-glory theory for icy moons with implications for radar mapping." Advances in Space Research 7, no. 5 (1987): 133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90365-6.

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Wei, Yuan, Tao Hong, and Michel Kadoch. "Improved Kalman Filter Variants for UAV Tracking with Radar Motion Models." Electronics 9, no. 5 (2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9050768.

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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have made a huge influence on our everyday life with maturity of technology and more extensive applications. Tracking UAVs has become more and more significant because of not only their beneficial location-based service, but also their potential threats. UAVs are low-altitude, slow-speed, and small targets, which makes it possible to track them with mobile radars, such as vehicle radars and UAVs with radars. Kalman filter and its variant algorithms are widely used to extract useful trajectory information from data mixed with noise. Applying those filter algorithm

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Dolan, Brenda, and Steven A. Rutledge. "A Theory-Based Hydrometeor Identification Algorithm for X-Band Polarimetric Radars." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 26, no. 10 (2009): 2071–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecha1208.1.

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Abstract Although much work has been done at S band to automatically identify hydrometeors by using polarimetric radar, several challenges are presented when adapting such algorithms to X band. At X band, attenuation and non-Rayleigh scattering can pose significant problems. This study seeks to develop a hydrometeor identification (HID) algorithm for X band based on theoretical simulations using the T-matrix scattering model of seven different hydrometeor types: rain, drizzle, aggregates, pristine ice crystals, low-density graupel, high-density graupel, and vertical ice. Hail and mixed-phase h

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Druzhynin, V., N. Tsopa, H. Zhyrov, and I. Chetverikov. "CURRENT STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF RADAR SYSTEMS AIRBORNE BASED WITH TIME-VARYING RELATIVE SPATIAL CONFIGURATION." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 66 (2019): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2020/66-01.

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The work is devoted to the review of the current state and development trends of airborne-based radar systems with a time-varying relative spatial configuration. The relevance of consideration of the state and tendencies of development of radar systems of aviation-ground based with time-varying relative spatial configuration due to the practical need to obtain radar images (radars) of objects in the front area of the system review, taking into account the growing requirements for promptness and accuracy of image detection of real-time surveillance in a complex signal-interference environment.

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Cui, Yuanhao, Visa Koivunen, and Xiaojun Jing. "Precoder and Decoder Co-Designs for Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072619.

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The coexistence of radar and communication systems is necessary to facilitate new wireless systems and services due to the shortage of the useful radio spectrum. Moreover, changes in spectrum regulation will be introduced in which the spectrum is allocated in larger chunks and different radio systems need to share the spectrum. For example, 5G NR, LTE and Wi-Fi systems have to share the spectrum with S-band radars. Managing interference is a key task in coexistence scenarios. Cognitive radio and radar technologies facilitate using the spectrum in a flexible manner and sharing channel awareness

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Battiston, Geoffray, Rémi Régnier, and Olivier Galibert. "Evaluation Protocol for Analogue Intelligent Medical Radars: Towards a Systematic Approach Based on Theory and a State of the Art." Sensors 23, no. 6 (2023): 3036. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063036.

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We propose the basis for a systematised approach to the performance evaluation of analogue intelligent medical radars. In the first part, we review the literature on the evaluation of medical radars and compare the provided experimental elements with models from radar theory in order to identify the key physical parameters that will be useful to develop a comprehensive protocol. In the second part, we present our experimental equipment, protocol and metrics to carry out such an evaluation.

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Alpers, Werner. "Theory of radar imaging of internal waves." Nature 314, no. 6008 (1985): 245–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/314245a0.

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van Zyl, Jakob J., Howard A. Zebker, and Charles Elachi. "Imaging radar polarization signatures: Theory and observation." Radio Science 22, no. 4 (1987): 529–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/rs022i004p00529.

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Wang, H. L., W. Li, H. Wang, J. Y. Xu, and J. L. Zhao. "Radar Waveform Strategy Based on Game Theory." Radioengineering 28, no. 4 (2019): 757–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13164/re.2019.0757.

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40

D'Addio, E., and A. Farina. "Overview of detection theory in multistatic radar." IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Processing 133, no. 7 (1986): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-f-1.1986.0098.

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Jensen, J. R. "Radar altimeter gate tracking: theory and extension." IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 37, no. 2 (1999): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.752182.

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42

Mel'nik, V. N. "Interpretation of James' Experiments in Plasma Theory of Solar Radar Echoes." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 199 (2002): 434–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900169530.

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In the framework of the plasma theory of solar radar echoes results of the known James' experiments such as the values of effective cross-sections, the anisotropy of reflections, the spectrum of reflected signals, the heights of radar scattering and others are explained. In particular in this theory reflection of radar signal with high effective cross-sections (σ = (10 − 100)πR2⊙) occur in processes t + l ⇌ t + l on the Langmuir turbulance generated by Type III electrons at altitudes (1.4—1.6)-R⊙ when electron streams propagate towards the Earth. If the electrons move away from the Earth then

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Briggs, John N. "Detection of Marine Radar Targets." Journal of Navigation 49, no. 3 (1996): 394–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300013618.

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A radar must detect targets before it can display them. Yet manufacturers' data sheets rarely tell us what the products will detect at what range. Many of the bigger radars are Type Approved so we consult the relevant IMO performance standard A 477 (XII). Paraphrasing Section 3.1 of the draft forthcoming revision (NAV 41/6): under normal propagation conditions with the scanner at height of 15 m, in the absence of clutter, the radar is required to give clear indication of an object such as a navigational buoy having a radar cross section area (RCS) of 10 m2 at 2 n.m. and, as examples, coastline

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Lamer, Katia, Mariko Oue, Alessandro Battaglia, et al. "Multifrequency radar observations of clouds and precipitation including the G-band." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 5 (2021): 3615–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3615-2021.

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Abstract. Observations collected during the 25 February 2020 deployment of the Vapor In-Cloud Profiling Radar at the Stony Brook Radar Observatory clearly demonstrate the potential of G-band radars for cloud and precipitation research, something that until now was only discussed in theory. The field experiment, which coordinated an X-, Ka-, W- and G-band radar, revealed that the Ka–G pairing can generate differential reflectivity signal several decibels larger than the traditional Ka–W pairing underpinning an increased sensitivity to smaller amounts of liquid and ice water mass and sizes. The

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Teng, Yupeng, Tianyan Li, Hongbin Chen, et al. "A New Perspective on the Scattering Mechanism of S-Band Weather Radar Clear-Air Echoes Based on Communication Models." Remote Sensing 16, no. 15 (2024): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16152691.

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Clear-air echo studies are usually based on isotropic turbulence theory. But the theory has been considered incomplete by modern turbulence theory. The intermittence of turbulence can reveal obvious shortcomings in the existing studies of clear-air echoes. The mechanism of clear-air echo scattering needs to be supplemented. This paper introduces the troposcatter theory, normally used in over-the-horizon communication, to fill the gap left by Bragg scattering. By treating radar as a self-transmitted and self-received device, the equivalent transmission loss of weather radar is established and c

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Belova, E., P. Dalin, and S. Kirkwood. "Polar mesosphere summer echoes: a comparison of simultaneous observations at three wavelengths." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 12 (2007): 2487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2487-2007.

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Abstract. On 5 July 2005, simultaneous observations of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSE) were made using the EISCAT VHF (224 MHz) and UHF (933 MHz) radars located near Tromsø, Norway and the ALWIN VHF radar (53.5 MHz) situated on Andøya, 120 km SW of the EISCAT site. During the short interval from 12:20 UT until 12:26 UT strong echoes at about 84 km altitude were detected with all three radars. The radar volume reflectivities were found to be 4×10−13 m−1, 1.5×10−14 m−1 and 1.5×10−18 m−1 for the ALWIN, EISCAT-VHF and UHF radars, respectively. We have calculated the reflectivity ratios for e

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Bhutani, Akanksha, Sören Marahrens, Michael Gehringer, Benjamin Göttel, Mario Pauli, and Thomas Zwick. "The Role of Millimeter-Waves in the Distance Measurement Accuracy of an FMCW Radar Sensor." Sensors 19, no. 18 (2019): 3938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19183938.

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High-accuracy, short-range distance measurement is required in a variety of industrial applications e.g., positioning of robots in a fully automated production process, level measurement of liquids in small containers. An FMCW radar sensor is suitable for this purpose, since many of these applications involve harsh environments. Due to the progress in the field of semiconductor technology, FMCW radar sensors operating in different millimeter-wave frequency bands are available today. An important question in this context, which has not been investigated so far is how does a millimeter-wave freq

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Cervera, M. A., and W. G. Elford. "The meteor radar response function: Theory and application to narrow beam MST radar." Planetary and Space Science 52, no. 7 (2004): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2003.12.004.

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He, Yaomin, Huizhang Yang, Huafeng He, Junjun Yin, and Jian Yang. "A Ship Discrimination Method Based on High-Frequency Electromagnetic Theory." Remote Sensing 14, no. 16 (2022): 3893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163893.

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Ship target detection using radar has important applications in the military and civilian fields. As a decoy, the corner reflector (CR) can successfully deceive a radar by its strong radar cross-section (RCS) to protect a ship. In order to discriminate between a CR and ship, this paper proposes a discrimination method based on three-dimensional characteristics. First, we deduce the basic scattering of CR by the high-frequency electromagnetic theory, and propose a CR decomposition which can solve the problem that the Krogager decomposition has terrible errors in clutter. Then, we introduce the

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Vo, Xung Ha, Trung Kien Nguyen, Phung Bao Nguyen, and Quang Hieu Dang. "Synthesis of a Generalized Algorithm for Processing and Generating Data on Reflected Signals from Complex Targets." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 26, no. 1 (2023): 44–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2023-26-1-44-57.

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Introduction. The quality of input information for trajectory processing (TP) systems can be improved by increasing the measurement accuracy of radar sensors (RS). However, in such a case, radar targets acquire the characteristics of complex targets having several marks at the output of the detector. This makes it difficult to accurately assess the kinetic parameters of targets in a TP system. In this respect, the development of a generalized algorithm for processing and generating data from the reflected signals of complex targets seems a relevant research task.Aim. To investigate reasons for

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