Journal articles: 'Radial bearing'

1

Koike, Hitonobu, Koshiro Mizobe, Shunsuke Oyama, Yuji Kashima, Kenji Kanemasu, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Observation of Wear on PEEK-PTFE Hybrid Radial Bearings." Advanced Materials Research 683 (April 2013): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.683.385.

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In this paper, the wear performance of hybrid radial bearing (PEEK-PTFE and alumina ball) was investigated. For effective operation of equipment in clean energy facilities environment, the PEEK-PTFE hybrid bearings was developed. Radial PEEK-PTFE hybrid bearings were produced by machining and their rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior under non-lubricated condition was carried out. PEEK accumulation layer with PTFE and graphite appeared on the bearing's inner ring under 600-3000 rpm rotation speed. Due to the self-lubrication of PEEK layer, the wear loss of hybrid bearing cycles was lower than in the case of neat PEEK radial bearing. Moreover, It was found that the thin PEEK layer protected the raceway from the friction heat and wear.

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2

Koike, Hitonobu, Toshihiko Matsumura, Koshiro Mizobe, Yuji Kashima, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Evaluation of Tribological Thermal Failure on PEEK-PTFE Hybrid Alumina Ball Bearings." Materials Science Forum 878 (November 2016): 142–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.878.142.

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In this paper, the thermal failure (seizure or melting) of hybrid radial bearing (PEEK ring-PTFE composite retainer and alumina ball) under rolling contact fatigue test was investigated. For effective operation of equipment in various environments such as dirty, harmful or corrosion situations, the radial PEEK-PTFE hybrid bearings were produced by machining. The PEEK accumulation layer containing carbon graphite was formed on the raceway of bearing's inner ring at 1200-1500 rpm rotation speed. Due to the self-lubrication of the PEEK composite accumulation layer as solid lubricant, the operation temperature in the hybrid bearing was lower than that of all PEEK radial bearing, and the load capacity of the PEEK bearings could be improved. Moreover, it was found that the PEEK composite film which is formed from the PEEK composite layer protected the raceway from the friction heat.

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Koike, Hitonobu, Koshiro Mizobe, Shunsuke Oyama, Yuji Kashima, Kenji Kanemasu, and Katsuyuki Kida. "Comparison of Wear on PEEK-PTFE and PPS-PTFE Radial Bearings under Rolling Contact Fatigue." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.503.

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In this paper, the wear performance of polymer radial ball bearings (PEEK-PTFE and PPS-PTFE) were investigated. For effective operation of equipment in clean energy facilities environment, the polymer bearings were developed. These polymer bearings were produced by machining and their rolling contact fatigue (RCF) behavior under non-lubricated condition was carried out. PEEK accumulation layer with PTFE and graphite was formed on the bearing's inner ring under 3000 rpm high rotation speed. Due to the self-lubrication of PEEK layer, the wear loss of PEEK-PTFE bearing was lower than PPS-PTFE radial bearing. Moreover, it was found that the thin PEEK layer protected the raceway from the friction heat and wear. The wear durability of PEEK-PTFE bearing was superior to PPS-PTFE one.

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4

Dumont, C., V. Kluyskens, and B. Dehez. "Yokeless radial electrodynamic bearing." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 130 (December 2016): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2015.10.003.

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5

Zhou, Jian Hui, Ru Gang Chen, and De Zhi Li. "Design and Lubricating Property Research on Radial Supporting Bearing of Marine Main Thrust Bearing." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 1396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.1396.

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The radial supporting bearing of main thrust bearing is the key equipments of shafting on large-scale ships, whose working lubricating property has an important influence on the working condition of the shaft. By means of theoretical analysis and Matlab programming, investigations have done on the main working condition lubricating of the radial supporting bearings. And the distribution rules of oil film thickness and pressure under same vertical load and different rotate speed is given, which lays a foundation for the design of large marine’s thrust bearing.

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6

Wei, Yan Gang, Yan Kui Liu, and Xiu Juan Zhang. "The Effects of Hollow Ratio on the Radial Bearing Properties of Pre-Loaded Cylindrical Roller Bearings." Advanced Materials Research 299-300 (July 2011): 1078–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.299-300.1078.

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The finite element method is adopted to analyze the pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings according to the theory of contact mechanics. The effects of hollow ratio on the radial stiffness of bearings, the maximum contact stress of rollers, and the maximum radial load of bearing are analyzed. The analysis results show that the smaller the hollowness is, the larger the radial stiffness of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings, the maximum contact stress of the rollers, and the maximum radial load of the bearing would be. Under different magnitude loads, the reasonable combination of interference magnitude with the hollowness can not only increase the stiffness of roller bearings, but also decrease the maximum stress of rollers, which provides a reference for the design and manufacture of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings.

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Silchenko, P. N., G. A. Timofeev, M. V. Mesnyankin, and E. S. Novikov. "Load Capacity of Eccentric Roller Bearings." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 07 (724) (July 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-7-13-21.

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Eccentric roller bearings are commonly used in engineering and serve as actuating links in mechanical drives of various machines. Load capacity is one of the main parameters of such bearings. This paper presents possible kinematic schemes of an eccentric roller bearing and the specifics of the actual radial load distribution when it is applied to the driving ring between the rolling bodies. It is established that the load capacity of the eccentric roller bearing depends on the actual stress occurring when the rolling body of the minimal radius and the inner ring raceway are in contact. Equations are obtained for calculating the permissible radial load that the rolling body of the minimal radius with a raceway can bear. The limiting load is determined that satisfies the conditions of contact strength of the bearing’s assembly units and ensures performance of the bearing in a mechanical drive of a machine. The results of determining the limiting load of the eccentric roller bearing and the results’ analysis are presented using a specific example. To ensure the performance of the bearing, the optimal ratio of the inner ring radius to the minimum rolling body radius is determined.

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8

Baun, D. O., and R. D. Flack. "A Plexiglas Research Pump With Calibrated Magnetic Bearings/Load Cells for Radial and Axial Hydraulic Force Measurement." Journal of Fluids Engineering 121, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2821992.

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A research pump intended for both flow visualization studies and direct measurement of hydrodynamic radial and axial forces has been developed. The impeller and the volute casing are constructed from Plexiglas which facilitates optical access for laser velocimetry measurements of the flow field both inside the impeller and in the volute casing. The pump housing is designed for flexibility allowing for each interchange of impellers and volute configurations. The pump rotor is supported by three radial magnetic bearings and one double acting magnetic thrust bearing. The magnetic bearings have been calibrated to characterize the force versus coil current and air gap relationship for each bearing type. Linear calibration functions valid for rotor eccentricities of up to 2/3 of the nominal bearing clearances and force level of ±58 N (13 lbf) and ±267 N (60 lbf) for the radial and axial bearings, respectively, were found. A detailed uncertainty analysis of the force calibration functions was conducted such that meaningful uncertainty bounds can be applied to in situ force measurements. Hysteresis and eddy current effects were quantified for each bearing such that their effect on the in situ force measurements could be assessed. By directly measuring the bearing reaction forces it is possible to determine the radial and axial hydraulic loads acting on the pump impeller. To demonstrate the capability of the magnetic bearings as active load cells representative hydraulic force measurements for a centered 4 vane 16 degree log spiral radial flow impeller operating in a single tongue spiral volute casing were made. At shut-off a nondimensional radial thrust of 0.084 was measured. A minimum nondimensional radial thrust of about 0.007 was observed at the nominal design flow. The nondimensional radial thrust increased to about 0.019 at 120 percent of design flow. The nondimensional axial thrust had a maximum at shut-off of 0.265 and decreased steadily to approximately 0.185 at 120 percent of design flow. Two regions of increasing axial thrust, in the flow range 75 to 100 percent of design flow, were observed. The measurements are compared to radial and axial force predictions using classical force models. The direct radial force measurements are compared to a representative set of radial force measurements from the literature. In addition, the directly measured radial force at design flow is compared to a single representative radial force measurement (obtained from the literature) calculated from the combination of static pressure and net momentum flux distribution at the impeller exit.

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9

Wang, Xiao Zeng, and Jiu Hong Yang. "Influence of Rolling Bearing Steel Ball Temperature Deformation on Radial Clearance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 275-277 (January 2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.275-277.51.

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According to theory of thermoelasticity, the paper deduces the formulas of the rolling bearing steel ball transient temperature, radial stress, tangential stress, radial displacement, and radial clearance, analyzes the influence of the temperature deformation on the radial clearance. The result shows that the radial displacement changes slowly on the surface, reaches the maximum when temperature becomes stable. The reduction value of the radial clearance is the linear function of the temperature and position. Fitness formula is adopted to calculate the radial clearance in the different temperature and radius. The error is less than 0.2% and 0.18%. The radial clearance formula is used to calculate the bearing’s maximum working temperature when the radial clearance reaches the standard radial clearance to ensure the reliable work of the bearing.

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10

Murphy, B. T., and M. N. Wagner. "Measurement of Rotordynamic Coefficients for a Hydrostatic Radial Bearing." Journal of Tribology 113, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 518–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920654.

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Measurement of rotordynamic coefficients is presented for a pair of hydrostatic radial bearings, including direct and cross-coupled stiffness and damping. Two different hydrostatic configurations were tested: (1) an externally fed bearing 74.7 mm (2.95 in.) in diameter with a nominal direct stiffness of approximately 210 MN/m (1.2 million lb/in.) and (2) an internally fed bearing 54.6 mm (2.15 in.) in diameter with a nominal direct stiffness of approximately 88 MN/m (0.5 million lb/in.). Each bearing had 6 equally spaced hydrostatic pressure pockets, stationary for the externally fed bearing and rotating for the internally fed bearing. Also, both bearings had extended exit regions to provide additional damping. The top rotational speed was 22,700 rpm and the maximum axial Reynolds number was 50,000 using a freon derivative, Freon-113, as the working fluid. The test apparatus was a “synchronous rig” as an intentionally eccentric journal was used as the sole source of excitation. Data reduction was done by performing a matrix solution to separate damping from stiffness. Results show the internally fed bearing to be 20 percent less stiff than predicted, and to have a significant amount of damping which agrees well with predictions. The internally fed bearing was found to be approximately 60 percent less stiff than predicted, and to be roughly neutral in terms of damping, as predicted.

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11

Zhu, Yi Li, and Long Xiang Xu. "The Radial Stiffness and Application of Double-Decker Ball Bearing." Key Engineering Materials 450 (November 2010): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.450.353.

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Single Decker Ball Bearing (SDBB) is widely used in Rotor-Bearing system. A new method using DDBB composed of two ball bearings as support bearings is proposed. The mechanical model of the DDBB based on the quasi-dynamic method is established and the corresponding calculating program compiled in Matlab is developed after considering the radial load, axial load, centrifugal force as well as gyroscopic moment acted on the bearing simultaneously. And then a simple Rotor-DDBB model is adopted to analyze the rotor unbalance response with different parameters. The simulation results show that shaft rotating speed, ball materials, axial preload and the initial contact angles to some extent impact the bearing stiffness while have little affects on system nature frequency and the rotor unbalance response which greatly affected by the system base stiffness. The results provide a theoretical basis for the design of DDBB and application in a Rotor-Bearing system.

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12

Mitrovic, Radivoje, Ivana Atanasovska, Natasa Soldat, and Dejan Momcilovic. "Effects of operation temperature on thermal expansion and main parameters of radial ball bearings." Thermal Science 19, no. 5 (2015): 1835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141223091m.

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The research of influence of operation temperature on the thermal expansion and main parameters of radial ball bearings is presented in this paper. The main bearing parameters are identified in accordance with the increasing requests concerning stability and load capacity. A series of Finite Element Analyses is performed for quasi-static analysis of all identified bearing parameters during contact period in referent temperature. Then, the dependence of bearing material characteristics on the operation temperature is discussed. Few series of Finite Element Analyses are performed for a particular radial ball bearing type, with characteristics in accordance with manufacturer specifications, for several operation temperatures. These two problems analyses include consideration of relation between the initial radial clearance, thermal expansion strains and contact deformations of the parts of the bearing assembly. The results for radial ball bearing parameters are monitored during a ball contact period for different temperatures and the appropriate discussion and conclusions are given. The conclusions about the contribution of developed procedure in defining the optimum operation temperature range are shown.

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13

Xing, HE, WU Yi-ming, LI Mo, and ZENG Fan. "Influence of radial clearance on nonlinear dynamics of a two-span three-support rotor system." E3S Web of Conferences 233 (2021): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123304012.

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Aiming at the structural form of a certain rotor system, a double-span three-support rotor system model is established. It is supported by three rolling bearings and has a typical nonlinear characteristic. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the differential equations and analyze the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the rotor system when the radial clearance of the bearing changed. The research results: with the increase of the rear bearing radial clearance, the rotor system performs single cycle, periodic two and pseudo-periodic motion. With the three location bearing radial clearance increases, the rotor system performs single cycle, periodic two and periodic four motion. When the radial clearance is bigger, the rotor system performs two periodic motion. The influence law of radial clearance on double span three - braced rotor system is shown.

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14

Xiangyang, Li, and Chen Wanqiang. "Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Physical Model and One-Class Support Vector Machine." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2014 (April 14, 2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/160281.

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This paper aims at diagnosing the fault of rolling bearings and establishes the system of dynamics model with the consideration of rolling bearing with nonlinear bearing force, the radial clearance, and other nonlinear factors, using Runge-Kutla such as Hertzian elastic contactforce and internal radial clearance, which are solved by the Runge-Kutta method. Using simulated data of the normal state, a self-adaptive alarm method for bearing condition based on one-class support vector machine is proposed. Test samples were diagnosed with a recognition accuracy over 90%. The present method is further applied to the vibration monitoring of rolling bearings. The alarms under the actual abnormal condition meet the demand of bearings monitoring.

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15

Tian, Jing, Yan-Ting Ai, Cheng-Wei Fei, Feng-Ling Zhang, and Yat-Sze Choy. "Dynamic modeling and simulation of inter-shaft bearings with localized defects excited by time-varying displacement." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 8 (January 29, 2019): 1436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318824927.

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To accurately describe the dynamic features of inter-shaft bearings with localized defect under operation, the dynamic model of inter-shaft bearing with localized defects was established with respect to time-varying displacement excitation. Based on fault simulations on a birotor experimental rig, the developed dynamic model of inter-shaft bearing is validated to have high accuracy (over 99%) when localized defects happen on inner and outer race with co- and counter-rotation, which indicates that the model can be adopted to simulate the faults of inter-shaft bearing instead of experiment. Through investigation of the square-root (SR) amplitudes of bearing vibration with different defect sizes, radial loads, and rotational directions, we find that the SR amplitudes of bearing vibration increase with increasing defect size and radial load for both co- and counter-rotation. The amplitudes of counter-rotation are larger than those of co-rotation for inner race and outer race, and the amplitude of inner race defect are larger than that of outer race defect for the same defect size or same radial load. This work reveals the SR variation of bearing vibration with localized surface defects under different defect sizes and radial loads, and accurately describes the dynamic characteristics of inter-shaft bearing with localized defects. The efforts of this study open a door to adopt a dynamic model in the future to evaluate and monitor the health condition of inter-shaft bearings in an aeroengine or other rotating machinery.

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Qiang, He, Li Lili, Ren Fengzhang, and Volinsky Alex. "Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of the Hydrostatic Spindle with Orifice Restrictors." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01610010079.

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Based on the theory of hydrostatic bearings, this paper presents a study of replacing the rolling bearings in a cold drawing spindle with the liquid hydrostatic bearings. An unloading mechanism is designed, containing two hydrostatic radial bearings and a thrust bearing, according to the mechanical characteristics of the spindle. In this study, a mathematical model of the hydrostatic bearing oil pad is developed. The effects of the rotating speed on pressure and flow fields of the oil pad are simulated using the finite element analysis and verified experimentally. The pressure in all recesses decreases with the rotation speed. Oil velocity of the radial hydrostatic bearing recess increases with the rotation speed, while the fluid flow velocity has almost no correlation with the rotation speed of the thrust bearing. The numerical and experimental results of the pressure in the recesses are consistent, confirming the validity and feasibility of this design.

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17

Shelke, Santosh. "Controllability of Radial Magnetic Bearing." Procedia Technology 23 (2016): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2016.03.005.

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18

Dumont, Corentin, Virginie Kluyskens, and Bruno Dehez. "Null-Flux Radial Electrodynamic Bearing." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 50, no. 10 (October 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2014.2323292.

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19

Guo, Wei, Hongrui Cao, Zhengjia He, and Laihao Yang. "Fatigue Life Analysis of Rolling Bearings Based on Quasistatic Modeling." Shock and Vibration 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/982350.

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Rolling bearings are widely used in aeroengine, machine tool spindles, locomotive wheelset, and so forth. Rolling bearings are usually the weakest components that influence the remaining life of the whole machine. In this paper, a fatigue life prediction method is proposed based on quasistatic modeling of rolling bearings. With consideration of radial centrifugal expansion and thermal deformations on the geometric displacement in the bearings, the Jones’ bearing model is updated, which can predict the contact angle, deformation, and load between rolling elements and bearing raceways more accurately. Based on Hertz contact theory and contact mechanics, the contact stress field between rolling elements and raceways is calculated. A coupling model of fatigue life and damage for rolling bearings is given and verified through accelerated life test. Afterwards, the variation of bearing life is investigated under different working conditions, that is, axial load, radial load, and rotational speed. The results suggested that the working condition had a great influence on fatigue life of bearing parts and the order in which the damage appears on bearing parts.

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20

Wei, Yan Gang, and Meng Sun. "The Effects of Load on the Radial Bearing Properties of Pre-Loaded Cylindrical Roller Bearings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2306.

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According to the theory of contact mechanics, the radial stiffness, the maximum contact stress, and the maximum radial load of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings, including both solid roller and hollow roller bearings, are calculated with the finite element method. The effects of load on the radial stiffness, the maximum contact stress, and the maximum radial load of bearing are analyzed. The analysis results show that the effect of load on the radial stiffness is complex. Under the different magnitude loads, the effects of both hollowness and interference magnitude on the radial stiffness and on the maximum contact stress are not same. Thus the effects of load magnitude must be considered in the design and application of pre-loaded cylindrical roller bearings.

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21

Bu, Chang Gen. "Radial Clearance is Key Factor Affecting Roller Bearing Life Prediction in Tri-Cone Bit." Advanced Materials Research 44-46 (June 2008): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.44-46.233.

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The life of tri-cone bits will directly affect the economic and technical drilling target. In order to control and evaluate bit’s life, the paper builds up the calculating mathematical model, which is suitable for determination of tri-cone bit’s life, to rationally design the radial clearance of non standard bearings. Effect of the radial clearance on the life of roller bearing was systematically deduced. The larger the radial clearance is; the higher the contact stress is; and the shorter the roller bearing life is. It follows from the model that the key factor of the radial clearance should be taken into consideration besides structure data and anti-friction pair’s heat treatment of roller bearing in order to decrease the contact stress of anti-friction pair and prolong the bit’s life.

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22

Milčić, Dragan, Amir Alsammarraie, Miloš Madić, Vladislav Krstić, and Miodrag Milčić. "Predictions of Friction Coefficient in Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing Using Artificial Neural Networks." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2021.7230.

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This paper explores the influence of the frequency of shaft sleeve rotation and radial load on a journal bearing made of tin-babbitt alloy (Tegotenax V840) under hydrodynamic lubrication conditions. An experimental test of the frictional behaviour of a radial plain bearing was performed on an originally developed device for testing rotating elements: radial and plain bearings. Using the back-propagation neural network, based on experimental data, artificial neural network models were developed to predict the dependence of the friction coefficient and bearing temperature in relation to the radial load and speed. Using experimental data of the measured friction coefficient with which the artificial neural network was trained, well-trained networks with a mean absolute percentage error on training and testing of 0.0054 % and 0.0085 %, respectively, were obtained. Thus, a well-trained neural network model can predict the friction coefficient depending on the radial load and the speed.

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23

Kim, Konstantin, and Konstantin Kim. "THE STUDY OF TAPERED MAGNETIC BEARING." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 4 (December 17, 2017): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-4-129-139.

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Objective: To justify the choice of tapered magnetic bearing parameters (with combined radial and axial control), to elaborate recommendations, the fulfillment of which will make it possible to significantly improve the characteristics of rotating rotor magnetic levitation of an electric machine. Methods: Analytical methods of traditional electric engineering, as well as the laboratory-based method. Results: It was established that: the control along radial and axial coordinates is independent, despite the fact that steering forces are created by common electromagnets; linear approximation allowing for small oscillations in radial and axial directions the stability of holding rotating rotor is provided by the same laws of control as for a standard circular magnetic bearing; the latter are characterized by a disadvantage, connected with the loss (or deterioration) of radial control in the start-up mode, caused by the common core in axial and radial channels of control; the significant stiffness and steering force may be achieved in the operating area of axial coordinate variation by simultaneously keeping the maximum radial stiffness, sufficient for the start-up mode, by means of purpose-built nonlinear function generators in an electronic circuit diagram of the controlling system; ease of adjustment highly determines the successful bearing setting. Practical importance: The elaborated recommendations will make it possible to design tapered magnetic bearings for high-speed electric machines.

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Bekinal, Siddappa I., Sadanand S. Kulkarni, and Soumendu Jana. "A hybrid (permanent magnet and foil) bearing set for complete passive levitation of high-speed rotors." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 20 (May 31, 2016): 3679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216652647.

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This paper presents the design and development of a hybrid bearing set for complete passive levitation of a typical rotor. A hybrid bearing set consists of permanent magnet thrust bearing and radial discrete bump foil bearings. The permanent magnet thrust bearing is made up of three pairs of ring magnets arranged in rotation magnetized direction. The mathematical model to determine the force and stiffness in rotation magnetized direction configuration is presented using Coulombian model and vector approach. Bump foil bearings are designed and developed for rotor weight to provide the radial support to the rotor system. The proposed bearing set with rotor is analysed using finite element analysis for rotor dynamic characteristics. The experiments are conducted on the fabricated rotor-bearing configuration by rotating the rotor up to the speeds of 40,000 r/min. The system response is acquired using advanced rotor-dynamic data acquisition system. The experimental results show that the rotor is completely airborne and stable at the desired speed.

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Chen, Yu Xue, and S. N. Yang. "Dynamic Measurement of Bearing Radial Clearances." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.361.

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Outer ring tilted or offset axially, caused by improperly fixing relatively to the inner ring, will produce remarkable systematic errors in measured radial clearance of a bearing. Analyzing their effects in detail on the results of measured radial clearances, they are found to be the main sources affecting the measurement accuracy. Measures for removing them are proposed. Based on these, a novel type of instrument for measurement of radial clearances of ball bearings has been developed. It could avoid the two kinds of systematic errors. The measuring principle, structures and working procedures of the instrument are presented. Test results show that the test time is less than 15 seconds per a part and the indication stability is between ±1.0 µm.

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Hirani, H., and P. Samanta. "Hybrid (hydrodynamic + permanent magnetic) journal bearings." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 221, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 881–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/13506501jet282.

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Survey of patents on bearings indicates the maturity of hydrodynamic and rapid development of magnetic bearings. Active magnetic bearings are costlier compared with permanent magnetic bearings. To understand the performance characteristics of permanent magnetic bearings, an experimental setup has been developed. Experimental studies on radial permanent magnetic bearings demonstrated the drawbacks, such as high axial thrust and low load capacity. This has led the authors to hybridize the permanent magnet with hydrodynamic technology and to explore the possibility of achieving the low starting torque of a permanent magnetic bearing and the medium to high load carrying capacity of a hydrodynamic bearing in a single bearing arrangement. Simulation is carried out in order to reduce axial force-effect and enhance the radial force supported by the permanent magnetic bearing. Results of simulation on permanent magnetic bearing have been compared with that of published research papers. Finally an algorithm has been developed to investigate the coupling of forces generated by permanent magnets and hydrodynamic actions. Results of load sharing have been reported. The experimentally measured displacements of the shaft running at 500, 2000, and 3000 r/min have been plotted. The effect of hydrodynamics on shaft orbit has been illustrated.

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Liu, Yue, Ming Mao, Zhen Tian, and Xin Zhang. "Clearance optimization of radial bearings for multi-bearing shafting system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 892 (August 4, 2020): 012096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/892/1/012096.

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Santos, I. F., and F. H. Russo. "Tilting-Pad Journal Bearings With Electronic Radial Oil Injection." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 583–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834591.

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This paper gives a theoretical treatment of the problem of journal bearings modeling connected to electronic oil injection into the bearing gap. The feasibility of influencing the static behavior of hydrodynamic forces by means of such oil injection is investigated. The lubricant is injected into the bearing gap by two mechanisms of lubrication: the conventional hydrodynamic lubrication and through orifices distributed along the bearing surface (active lubrication in the radial direction). By controlling the pressure of the oil injection, it is possible to get large variations in the active hydrodynamic forces; such effects could be useful for reducing vibrations in rotating machines.

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Guan, Xiang, Yincai Zou, Jin Shang, Liangwei Zheng, Xing Bian, Jihao Wu, and Qing Li. "Calculation of radial force of radial HTS magnetic bearing." Cryogenics 116 (June 2021): 103284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103284.

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30

Bailey, Ted E., and Robert W. Frayer. "Prediction of Equivalent Radial Loads for Tapered Roller Bearings." Journal of Tribology 118, no. 3 (July 1, 1996): 651–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2831587.

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Calculating the fatigue life of a tapered roller bearing has become a rather straightforward exercise thanks to the accumulation of rolling contact fatigue data and the subsequent development of formulation relating applied loading to bearing fatigue life. An integral part of the prediction process is to define an equivalent radial load (EQRL) by combining a bearing’s applied radial and thrust loading into a single entity. This paper reviews currently accepted formulation and offers a potentially more accurate alternative method for estimating the EQRL of a tapered roller bearing than does the current AFBMA standard.

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Kasarda, M. E. F., P. E. Allaire, P. M. Norris, C. Mastrangelo, and E. H. Maslen. "Experimentally Determined Rotor Power Losses in Homopolar and Heteropolar Magnetic Bearings." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 121, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818529.

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The identification of parameters that dictate the magnitude of rotor power losses in radial magnetic bearings is very important for many applications. Low loss performance of magnetic bearings in aerospace equipment such as jet engines and flywheel energy storage systems is especially critical. Two basic magnetic bearing designs are employed in industrial practice today: the homopolar design, where the flux paths are of a mixed radial/axial orientation, and the heteropolar design, where the flux paths are primarily radial in nature. The stator geometry and flux path of a specific bearing can have a significant effect on the rotor losses. This paper describes the detailed measurement of rotor losses for experimentally comparable homopolar and heteropolar designs. The two test bearing configurations are identical except for geometric features that determine the direction of the flux path. Both test bearing designs have the same air gap length, tip clearance ratio, surface area under the poles, and bias flux levels. An experimental test apparatus was used where run down tests were performed on a test rotor with both bearing designs to measure power losses. Numerous test runs where made for each bearing configuration by running multiple levels of flux density. The components of the overall measured power loss, due to hysteresis, eddy currents, and windage, were determined based on theoretical expressions for power loss. It was found that the homopolar bearing had significantly lower power losses than the heteropolar bearing.

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Sim, Kyuho, and Daejong Kim. "Design of Flexure Pivot Tilting Pads Gas Bearings for High-speed Oil-Free Microturbomachinery." Journal of Tribology 129, no. 1 (July 27, 2006): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2372763.

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This paper introduces flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearings with pad radial compliance for high-speed oil-free microturbomachinery. The pad radial compliance was for accommodation of rotor centrifugal growth at high speeds. Analytical equation for the rotor centrifugal growth based on plane stress model agreed very well with finite element method results. Parametric studies on pivot offset, preload, and tilting stiffness were performed using nonlinear orbit simulations and coast-down simulations. Higher preload and pivot offset increased both critical speeds of the rotor-bearing system and onset speeds of instability due to the increased wedge effect. Pad radial stiffness and nominal bearing clearance were very important design parameters for high-speed applications due to the physically existing rotor centrifugal growth. From the series of parametric studies, the maximum achievable rotor speed was limited by the minimum clearance at the pad pivot calculated from the rotor growth and radial deflection of pads due to hydrodynamic pressure. Pad radial stiffness also affects the rotor instability significantly. Small radial stiffness could accommodate rotor growth more effectively but deteriorated rotor instability. From parametric studies on a bearing with 28.5mm in diameter and 33.2mm in length, optimum pad radial stiffness and bearing clearance are 1-2×107N∕m and 35μm, respectively, and the maximum achievable speed appears 180krpm. The final design with suggested optimum design variables could be also stable under relatively large destabilizing forces.

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Dai, Bing, Guang Bin Yu, Jun Peng Shao, and Long Huang. "Eccentricity and Rotational Speed Effect on the Rotor-Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 274 (January 2013): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.274.237.

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Bearing dimensionless nonlinear oil film force model is deduced based on Capone theory of cylindrical bearings in this paper. Jeffcot rigid rotor-bearing system dynamic equations are built based on nonlinear dynamics, bifurcation, chaos theory. Eccentricity increases with the speed of the system by writing MATLAB codes. It appears the periodic motion, times of periodic motion and a series of non-linear kinetics. The system eccentricity increases with a series of emergence of non-linear dynamics when speed conditions is fixed, which is the actual system design’s basis. The finite element model of gas turbine rotor-bearing system is built by ANSYS software platform in this paper. The radial bearing deformation relationship are obtained by deformation theory of centrifugal force at high speed bearing radial deformation.

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Wang, Shi Jie, Kang Jian, and Lv Jianhua. "Damage Analysis and Limit Tending Design of Thrust Bearing in esPCP System." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.525.

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Thrust bearing is one of the most important components in esPCP system, which determines the lifespan of the whole system under the restriction of some factors such as the depth of downhole unit, the viscosity of petroleum oil to be pumped. To increase the high temperature bearing ability of the bearings under the limitation of radial size, the damage reason of pre-applied bearings was analyzed. Some different modified plans were put forward from two aspects of structure and material. Contact problems were researched for different plans with finite element analysis software of ANSIS. Comparison of results shows that, in the well of 5½" tube, the optimum selection is ball thrust bearing with 8 balls of radial size of 10mm without keeper.

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Kovalev, Mark, Daniil Lyashenko, Maksim Kurakin, and Aleksey Shakhmatov. "Failure analysis of radial bearings used in the refining of petroleum products." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 03003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912103003.

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The problem of premature failure of bearings is a common type of failure. In most cases, the destruction occurs due to violation of operating conditions. Since the destruction of bearings is a frequent occurrence, consideration of this special case of destruction in the future will help to avoid such problems. The object of research is the screw compressor bearings destroyed during operation. To identify the causes, a collapsed bearing was examined and a bearing that did not collapse during operation.

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Nikolajsen, J. L. "The Effect of Misalignment on Rotor Vibrations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818193.

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Rotors with three or more fluid-film bearings (or fluid seals) have “redundant” supports, and, therefore, interdependent bearing loads that are generally unknown both in magnitude and direction. The steady-state bearing eccentricities and the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients of the bearings are, therefore, also unknown since both are functions of the bearing loads. Thus, the dynamic behavior of multibearing rotors generally cannot be predicted with good accuracy without access to a procedure for calculating the steady-state bearing loads and eccentricities. This paper outlines such a procedure in terms of both the influence coefficient method, the transfer matrix method, and the finite element method. Radial bearing misalignment and flexibility of the bearing back-up structures are accounted for. Once the eccentricities are available, the bearing stiffness and damping coefficients can be calculated in the usual way and used to predict critical speeds, instability threshold speed, and rotor response to imbalance. A numerical example is presented that illustrates some of the nonlinear effects of bearing support redundancy, notably the large variations in instability threshold speed with radial bearing misalignment. The example shows how the method can be used to determine the level of bearing misalignment that leads to optimum rotor stability. It is concluded that no simple guide lines exist by which optimum stability can be achieved. Neither perfect bearing alignment nor equal load sharing between bearings necessarily lead to optimum stability.

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Yu, Yongjian, Guoding Chen, Jishun Li, Yujun Xue, and Bitao Pang. "Prediction Method for the Radial Runout of Inner Ring in Cylindrical Roller Bearings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6584561.

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The motion error of assembled bearing depends on the geometric profile of bearing components. Therefore, it is crucial to establish the relationship between geometric error of bearing components and motion error of assembled bearing, which contributes to improving the rotational accuracy of assembled bearing in the design and machining of the bearing. The main purpose of this research is to propose an accurate method for predicting the radial runout of inner ring based on the geometrical constraint model of cylindrical roller bearings. In the geometrical constraint model, dimension and form errors in the inner raceway, the outer raceway, and rollers are considered, and the change of contact positions between the raceways and rollers caused by geometric errors of bearing components is taken into account. This method could predict the radial runout of inner ring after bearing components with geometric error are assembled. In order to testify the validity of the proposed prediction method, two particular cases in which the profiles of the inner raceway are circle and ellipse are selected, and the analysis algorithms for the radial runout of inner ring are derived. Two analytical results obtained from the analysis algorithms validate accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed prediction method.

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Linjamaa, Aki, Arto Lehtovaara, Marke Kallio, and Sven Söchting. "Modelling and Analysis of Elastic and Thermal Deformations of a Hydrodynamic Radial Journal Bearing." Key Engineering Materials 674 (January 2016): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.674.127.

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Journal bearings are widely used in heavy industry and in internal combustion engine applications. There is a need to increase the power density of various machine parts which leads to increased bearing loads and reduced lubrication film thicknesses. This type of development may increase deformations on the bearing surfaces which need to be considered in the bearing design process.The main purpose of this work was to develop a parameterized calculation model for hydrodynamic radial journal bearings which takes into account elastic and thermal deformations of the bearing surfaces. Hydrodynamic calculations were based on the numerical solving of the Reynolds equation by assuming rigid surfaces. Elastic and thermal deformations of the bearing and shaft surfaces were calculated by using the finite element method. It is concluded that elastic and thermal deformations are partly canceling each other out at the loaded side of the bearing and depending on the sliding speed and the external normal force either one of them could be more significant.

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Ambrożkiewicz, Bartłomiej, Arkadiusz Syta, Nicolas Meier, Grzegorz Litak, and Anthimos Georgiadis. "Radial internal clearance analysis in ball bearings." Eksploatacja i Niezawodnosc - Maintenance and Reliability 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 42–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17531/ein.2021.1.5.

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Radial internal clearance (RIC) is one of the most important parameters influencing on rolling bearing exploitation in mechanical systems. Lifetime of rotary machines strongly depends on a condition of applied rolling elements, thus a study on applied clearance is very important in terms of maintenance and reliability. This paper proposes, a novel approach of studying RIC, based on a nonlinear dynamics method called recurrences. The results are confronted with standard analyses, i.e. statistical condition indicators, Fast Fourier Transform and Continuous Wavelet Transform. The application of the mentioned methods allowed us to find the optimal radial clearance for operating bearings. To ensure precise measurements of the clearance, an automated setup for RIC measurements is applied and next mounted in a plummer block and tested to finally measure vibration acceleration. The proposed methods are useful for a condition monitoring and lifetime prediction of bearings or bearing-based systems in which a proper value of radial clearance is crucial.

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Li, He, Yu Wang, Deen Bai, Fuyan Lyu, Kuidong Gao, and Qingliang Zeng. "Suspending force modeling based on nonlinear acoustics and high-speed running experiments for an ultrasonic journal bearing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (July 2020): 168781402094047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020940470.

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As a kind of promising noncontact bearings, ultrasonic bearings actuated by smart materials such as lead zirconate titanate ceramics show a good application prospect in high-speed machines and precision-measuring devices. The suspending force is one of the most important parameters that play a dominated role on the bearing’s static and dynamic performance. A suspending force model based on acoustic radiation theory for cylindrical object near sound source is built to predict the radial carrying capacity of an ultrasonic bearing actuated by three piezoelectric transducers. To validate the model, an ultrasonic bearing prototype is developed and a testing system is established. For observing the bearing’s dynamic running performance at high speeds, the bearing’s running experiment is carried out and the rotor center’s trajectory data and frequency spectrum are acquired to analyze the bearing’s dynamic characteristics at high speeds. The suspending force model and running performance experiments will contribute to the design, detection, and test of this type of bearings.

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Зернин, Михаил, Mikhail Zernin, Николай Рыбкин, and Nikolay Rybkin. "INFLUENCE OF RADIAL COMPLIANCE OF SURFACES UPON HYDRODYNAMICS PARAMETERS OF CYLINDRICAL SLIDING BEARINGS." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 4 (December 28, 2016): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23162.

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The procedure and results of calculated researches of hydrodynamics parameters in cylindrical sliding bearings taking into account radial compliance of surfaces are shown. The radial compliance of bearing structural elements is taken into account on the basis of the hypothesis of Winkler’s reason. The examples of hydrodynamics computations of a particular bearing at manufacturing an antifriction layer of metal or composite material with a polymeric matrix are shown. At the same time a modulus of elasticity of an antifriction layer was being changed from 2.43 to 63 MΠa, a total rate of radial compliance was changing from 0 to 40.6•10-14m3/H. The analysis of radial compliance influence upon a minimum thickness of an oil layer and maximum pressure in it is carried out

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Dagnaes-Hansen, Nikolaj A., and Ilmar F. Santos. "Permanent magnet thrust bearings for flywheel energy storage systems: Analytical, numerical, and experimental comparisons." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 233, no. 15 (April 23, 2019): 5280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219843952.

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A new type of flywheel energy storage system uses a magnetic suspension where the axial load is provided solely by permanent magnets, whereas active magnetic bearings are only used for radial stabilization. This means that the permanent magnet bearing must provide all the axial damping. Furthermore, it must have as low a negative radial stiffness as possible to reduce the workload on the radial active magnetic bearings. Many different mathematical models for determining force, stiffness, and damping of permanent magnet bearings are available in the literature. This work will further develop the most applicable analytical and numerical methods in order to make them directly implementable for designing permanent magnet thrust bearings for flywheel energy storage systems. The outcome is a fast and efficient method for determining force, stiffness, and damping when the bearing setup contains magnetic materials with relative permeability higher than one as well as when it does not. The developed method is validated against numerical and experimental results with good agreement.

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Franchek, N. M., and D. W. Childs. "Experimental Test Results for Four High-Speed, High-Pressure, Orifice-Compensated Hybrid Bearings." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927031.

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In this study, four hybrid bearings having different geometric configurations were experimentally tested for their static and dynamic characteristics, including flowrate, load capacity, rotordynamic coefficients, and whirl frequency ratio. The four bearings included a square-recess, smooth-land, radial-orifice bearing (baseline), a circular-recess bearing, a triangular-recess bearing, and an angled-orifice bearing. Each bearing had the same orifice diameter rather than the same pressure ratio. Unique to these test results is the measurement of the added mass terms, which became significant in the present tests because of high operating Reynolds numbers. Comparisons of the results were made between bearings to determine which bearing had the best performance. Based on the parameters of interest, the angled-orifice bearing has the most favorable overall performance.

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Tong, Van-Canh, and Seong-Wook Hong. "Study on the running torque of angular contact ball bearings subjected to angular misalignment." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 232, no. 7 (September 20, 2017): 890–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350650117732921.

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Angular misalignment is unavoidable in most applications of rolling-element bearings. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of angular misalignment on the running torque of angular contact ball bearings. A computational method to calculate the running torque of misaligned angular contact ball bearings was introduced. Then, the effects of angular misalignment, along with radial and axial loading, on the running torque of angular contact ball bearings were investigated for two representative preloading methods: constant-force preload and constant-displacement preload. The simulation results showed that (1) the angular misalignment, irrespective of bearing loading, significantly increases the angular contact ball bearing running torque when the constant-displacement preload method was implemented, and (2) the angular misalignment has an insignificant effect on the angular contact ball bearing running torque when the constant-force preload method was adopted. Furthermore, an extensive simulation was performed to examine the effect of load-induced angular misalignment on the running torque of angular contact ball bearings implemented in a geared shaft system. The simulation results showed that the radial load-induced angular misalignment requires additional running torque to the actual rotor-bearing systems, especially when using the constant-displacement preload.

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Tomovic, Radoslav. "Investigation of the Effect of Rolling Bearing Construction on Internal Load Distribution and the Number of Active Rolling Elements." Advanced Materials Research 633 (January 2013): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.633.103.

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One of the most important characteristics of a rolling bearing is the load distribution on rolling elements. This paper provides an analysis on the influence of the internal construction of rolling bearings on load distribution and the number of active rolling elements. The analysis was performed using a new mathematical model for the boundary level calculations of the bearing deflection and external radial load for the inner ring support onqrolling bearing elements. The model considers two boundary positions of inner ring support on an even and odd number of rolling elements. The developed model enables a very simple determination of the number of active rolling elements participating in an external load transfer, depending on the bearing type and internal radial clearance.

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Murčinková, Zuzana, Petr Baron, and Martin Pollák. "Study of the Press Fit Bearing-Shaft Joint Dimensional Parameters by Analytical and Numerical Approach." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2916068.

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The study of press fit bearing-shaft joint dimensional parameters by means of analytical and numerical calculations in order to identify those parameters of the press fit joints which significantly influence the life of the bearings fitted by pressing is dealt in this paper. The mounting and conditions of fit joint are the significant factors affecting the operability and life of the bearings and consequently that of rotating machines and the whole technical units. The aim of the analysis and study is to determine the tangential and radial stress, the radial displacement, and the influence of the shape features and the size of the interference on the change of the radii in the press fit bearing-shaft joint, in particular, the ball bearings of 6014 2RSR C3 type. Moreover, on the basis of obtained results, the paper discusses the impact of shaft dimensional and geometrical accuracy on the bearing lifetime.

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Jiang, Xin Bo, and Dong Qi Li. "Defibrator Hydrostatic Bearing Test Bench Structural Analysis." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.369.

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Structural analysis the shaft of defibrator and design a radial hydrostatic bearing experimental installation . employ the radial hydrostatic bearing which passed the exam in the radial hydrostatic bearing experimental installation will sharply reduce the time of recondition , Increase Efficiency of defibering ,reduce radial vibration of shaft , raising accuracy of defibering and improve the quality of the fibre

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Wang, Lei, Chong Gao, Shi Jie Wang, Jing Zhao, and Li Li. "Finite Element Analysis of Thrust Bearing in ESPCP System." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2834–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2834.

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Thrust bearing is one of the most important components in ESPCP system, which determines the life of the whole system under the restriction of some factors such as the installation depth and the viscosity of swabbed petroleum oil etc. To increase the ability of high temperature resistance of thrust bearings under the limited radial size, the damage reason of applied bearings was analyzed. Some different modified methods were employed on configuration and material. Contact problems were researched with finite element analysis software. Comparison of the analysis results shows that in the tube, it is optimum that 8 rollers thrust bearings are used in 10mm radial tube without holders.

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Mizumoto, Hiroshi, Yoichi Tazoe, Tomohiro Hirose, and Katsuhiko Atoji. "Performance of High-Speed Precision Air-Bearing Spindle with Active Aerodynamic Bearing." International Journal of Automation Technology 9, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2015.p0297.

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A high-speed precision air-bearing tool spindle with active aerodynamic bearing is proposed for improving the quality of machining using small-diameter cutting and grinding tools. The spindle is basically supported by aerostatic radial and thrust bearings. According to the spindle vibration detected by capacitance sensors, the wedge angle of the active aerodynamic bearing was controlled using piezoelectric actuators, thereby suppressing the spindle vibration. In the present paper, the performances of a prototype air-bearing spindle with single-row active aerodynamic bearing and an improved air-bearing spindle with double-row bearings are reported. Through experiments, it was demonstrated that the maximum rotational speed controlled by the active aerodynamic bearing is 800 Hz (48,000 min-1), and that the amplitude of spindle vibration can be suppressed to <50 nm at the rotational speed of 500 Hz (30,000 min-1).

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SHINSHI, Tadahiko, Xiaoyou ZHANG, Chihiro IIJIMA, Kee-Bong CHOI, Lichuan LI, and Akira SHIMOKOHBE. "Precision Control of Radial Magnetic Bearing." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 67, no. 11 (2001): 1803–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.67.1803.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radial bearing'

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