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Journal articles on the topic 'Radial configuration'
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Lv, Hui, Zhaoquan Chen, Shilin Dong, Zhongyi Zhu, Xin Xie, and Yanfen Zhong. "Analytical Study of Structural Conformation and Prestressing State of Drum-Shaped Honeycomb Quad-Strut Cable Dome Structure with Different Calculation Methods." Buildings 14, no. 1 (2024): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010179.
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Building upon the analytical study of the structural configuration and prestress state of the drum-shaped quad-strut cable dome, we conducted further investigation into its structural configuration. By employing the nodal equilibrium equations to solve the prestress state analysis of the cable dome, we compared the effects of two different cable laying methods on the prestress state of the cable dome structure. These methods include equal length of the radial horizontal projection of the upper chord ridge cables and equal radial chord length of the upper chord ridge cables. The analysis results show that the radial length of the top chord and its corresponding radial horizontal projection length of the cable dome structure can effectively reflect the trend of the prestress state of the structural configuration. Furthermore, by using a rise-to-span ratio of 0.11 as a threshold, the cable dome configuration is categorized into the flat spheroidal structural configuration and the small hemispheroidal structural configuration. When the structure is analyzed using a small rise-to-span ratio, the difference in prestress calculations between the two structural configurations is found to be less than 10%. Additionally, the structure exhibits a more uniform distribution of prestress, with the prestress gradually increasing from the inner circle to the outer circle. However, when the rise-to-span ratio increases, the difference between the prestress calculation results of the two configurations also increases, emphasizing the need to deploy upper chord ridge cables based on equal radial chord lengths (arc lengths). The research presented in this paper provides a novel insight into the structural topological form and prestress state calculation of cable domes with this configuration.
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Jiang, Yandan, Xuekai He, Baoliang Wang, Zhiyao Huang, and Manuchehr Soleimani. "On the Performance of a Capacitively Coupled Electrical Impedance Tomography Sensor with Different Configurations." Sensors 20, no. 20 (2020): 5787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20205787.
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Capacitively coupled electrical impedance tomography (CCEIT) is a new kind of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) which realizes contactless measurement by capacitive coupling and extends traditional resistance measurement to total impedance measurement. This work investigates the performance of a CCEIT sensor with three different configurations, including the unshielded configuration, the shielded configuration A (the CCEIT sensor with the external shield) and the shielded configuration B (the CCEIT sensor with both the external shield and the radial screens). The equivalent circuit models of the measurement electrode pair of the CCEIT sensor with different configurations were developed. Additionally, three CCEIT prototypes corresponding to the three configurations were developed. Both the simulation work and experiments were carried out to compare various aspects of the three CCEIT prototypes, including the sensitivity distribution, the impedance measurement and the practical imaging performance. Simulation results show that shielded configurations improve the overall average sensitivity of the sensitivity distributions. Shielded configuration A contributes to improve the uniformity of the sensitivity distributions, while shielded configuration B reduces the uniformity in most cases. Experimental results show that the shielded configurations have no significant influence on the imaging quality of the real part of impedance measurement, but do make sense in improving the imaging performance of the imaginary part and the amplitude of impedance measurement. However, configuration B (with radial screens) has no significant advantage over configuration A (without radial screens). This work provides an insight into how shielding measures influence the performance of the CCEIT sensor, in addition to playing an important role in shielding unwanted noise and disturbances. The research results can provide a useful reference for further development of CCEIT sensors.
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Li, Jinfeng, and Haolin Zhou. "Impact of Radial Grounding Model Granularity on Directivity of 433 MHz Monopole Antennas with Flat and Inclined Radials for ISM IoT Applications." Annals of Emerging Technologies in Computing 9, no. 1 (2025): 44–57. https://doi.org/10.33166/aetic.2025.01.003.
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Grounding is a critical factor in the performance of quarter-wave monopole antennas. Previous studies have explored finite, continuous grounding configurations with one- and two-dimensional variations in size for a 433 MHz vertical monopole antenna, identifying optimal geometries that maximize directivity while minimizing material costs and grounding size. However, these findings are not directly applicable to mission-critical environments (e.g., space, airborne, underwater, or ground-based applications) where continuous metallic grounding may be unavailable. This study extends the investigation to discretized grounding configurations, specifically employing radial monopoles formed by metal rods arranged in sparse or dense radial patterns. Both flat planar and inclined configurations of radial rods are analysed, with a focus on understanding the influence of design parameters, such as radial length and inclination angle, on antenna directivity and radiation patterns—key factors affecting signal reception in wireless communication systems, particularly in applications such as the internet of things (IoT). Using the Method of Moments (MoM) for simulation, the study provides practical guidelines for optimizing the design of 433 MHz monopole antennas constrained by finite and discrete grounding structures. The results indicate that an elevated radial configuration, consisting of five radials inclined at 5° from the monopole plane (equivalent to 85° from the horizontal plane) with a radial length of 2.5 meters, achieves a directivity of 9.23 dBi at 433 MHz. This represents a significant improvement over the flat planar configuration, which achieves a directivity of 6.23 dBi under the same conditions. These findings are particularly relevant for mobile communication, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and radiofrequency (RF) systems requiring high performance from vertical monopole antennas in challenging grounding environments
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Feng, Jianjun, Friedrich-Karl Benra, and Hans Josef Dohmen. "Numerical Investigation on Pressure Fluctuations for Different Configurations of Vaned Diffuser Pumps." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/34752.
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Numerical simulations on impeller-diffuser interactions in radial diffuser pumps are conducted to investigate the unsteady flow, and more attention is paid to pressure fluctuations on the blade and vane surfaces. Calculations are performed at different operating points, different blade number configurations, and different radial gaps between the impeller and diffuser to examine their effects on the unsteady flow. Computational results show that a jet-wake flow structure is observed at the impeller outlet. The biggest pressure fluctuation on the blade is found to occur at the impeller trailing edge, on the pressure side near the impeller trailing edge, and at the diffuser vane leading edge, independent of the flow rate, radial gap, and blade number configuration. All of the flow rate, blade number configuration, and radial gap influence significantly the pressure fluctuation and associated unsteady effects in the diffuser pumps.
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Groot Jebbink, Erik, Thijs G. Ter Mors, Cornelis H. Slump, Robert H. Geelkerken, Suzanne Holewijn, and Michel MPJ Reijnen. "In vivo geometry of the kissing stent and covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation configurations in aortoiliac occlusive disease." Vascular 25, no. 6 (2017): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538117708912.
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Objectives Various configurations of kissing stent (KS) configurations exist and patency rates vary. In response the covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation configuration was designed to minimize mismatch and improve outcome. The aim of the current study is to compare geometrical mismatch of kissing stent with the covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation configuration in vivo. Methods Post-operative computed tomographic data and patient demographics from 11 covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation and 11 matched kissing stent patients were included. A free hand region of interest and ellipse fitting method were applied to determine mismatch areas and volumes. Conformation of the stents to the vessel wall was expressed using the D-ratio. Results Patients were mostly treated for Rutherford category 2 and 3 (64%) with a lesion classification of TASC C and D in 82%. Radial mismatch area and volume for the covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation group was significantly lower compared to the kissing stent configuration ( P < 0.05). The D-ratio did not significantly differ between groups. Measurements were performed with good intra-class correlation. There were no significant differences in the post-procedural aortoiliac anatomy. Conclusions The present study shows that radial mismatch exists in vivo and that large differences in mismatch exist, in favour of the covered endovascular reconstruction of the aortic bifurcation configuration. Future research should determine if the decreased radial mismatch results in improved local flow profiles and subsequent clinical outcome.
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Resnik, Linda, Shana L. Klinger, and Katherine Etter. "The DEKA Arm: Its features, functionality, and evolution during the Veterans Affairs Study to optimize the DEKA Arm." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 6 (2013): 492–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613506913.
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Background and aim: DEKA Integrated Solutions Corp. (DEKA) was charged by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency to design a prosthetic arm system that would be a dramatic improvement compared with the existing state of the art. The purpose of this article is to describe the two DEKA Arm prototypes (Gen 2 and Gen 3) used in the Veterans Affairs Study to optimize the DEKA Arm. Technique: This article reports on the features and functionality of the Gen 2 and Gen 3 prototypes discussing weight, cosmesis, grips, powered movements Endpoint, prosthetic controls, prosthetist interface, power sources, user notifications, troubleshooting, and specialized socket features; pointing out changes made during the optimization efforts. Discussion: The DEKA Arm is available in three configurations: radial configuration, humeral configuration, and shoulder configuration. All configurations have six preprogrammed grip patterns and four wrist movements. The humeral configuration has four powered elbow movements. The shoulder configuration uses Endpoint Control to perform simultaneous multi-joint movements. Three versions of foot controls were used as inputs. The Gen 3 incorporated major design changes, including a compound wrist that combined radial deviation with wrist flexion and ulnar deviation with wrist extension, an internal battery for the humeral configuration and shoulder configuration, and embedded wrist display. Clinical relevance The DEKA Arm is an advanced upper limb prosthesis, not yet available for commercial use. It has functionality that surpasses currently available technology. This manuscript describes the features and functionality of two prototypes of the DEKA Arm, the Gen 2 and the Gen 3.
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Gozali, H. R. B. Moch, Suprihadi Prasetyono, and Dimas Oktasya Eka Kumala Putra. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEANDALAN SISTEM JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI BERKONFIGURASI RADIAL DAN LOOP MENGGUNAKAN METODE RIA (RELIABILITY INDEX ASSESSMENT)." Jurnal Arus Elektro Indonesia 6, no. 3 (2020): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jaei.v6i3.19723.
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Electrical energy is a very important requirement for human life. The supply of electrical energy itself consists of electricity generation, power transmission and distribution. In the distribution of electricity, there are several networks that function to distribute electrical energy to customers, the majority of which are network configuration, namely radial and loop. In order to maintain the continuity of the distribution of electrical energy, a good level of reliability is required. In order to determine the reliability of the distribution system, the reliability index is determined, namely SAIFI, SAIDI and CAIDI. Several methods that can be used to find a distribution system reliability index include the RIA (Reliability Index Assessment) method, which is an approach used to predict disturbances in a distribution system based on the system topology and data regarding component reliability. In this study, we compared two configurations using one feeder, namely the Giri feeder which is assumed to have a radial configuration and a loop configuration. By using the RIA (Reliability Index Assessment) method on a Giri feeder with a radial configuration, the SAIFI reliability index is obtained at 1.595 times / year, SAIDI is 12.8092 hours / year, CAIDI is 8.0309 hours / year, while for a feeder with a loop configuration the SAIFI value is equal to 1,651 times / year, SAIDI is 1,7276 hours / year, CAIDI is 1,0416 hours / year.
 
 Keywords — Reliability Index, Distribution System, Reliability Index Assessment, SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI
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An, Guo Ping, Bing Bing Zhang, Yong Sheng Zhao, and Li Gang Cai. "Effects of Bearing Configuration on Spindle Dynamic Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 437 (October 2013): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.437.76.
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This article investigates the effects of bearing configuration on the spindle dynamic characteristics. First, an analytical model of spindle is proposed and the bearing sets radial stiffness is calculated. Second, the spindle analytical model is developed to perform modal analysis and harmonic response analysis with ANSYS, and then obtain the natural frequency and FRF under different bearing configurations. The result suggests that bearing configuration has little effect on the natural frequency of spindle system and the FRF amplitude corresponding to the 1st natural frequency under back to back configuration or face to face configuration is relatively small. Finally, the proposed model is validated by modal experiment.
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Wyart, Jean-François. "On the interpretation of complex atomic spectra by means of the parametric Racah–Slater method and Cowan codes1This article is part of a Special Issue on the 10th International Colloquium on Atomic Spectra and Oscillator Strengths for Astrophysical and Laboratory Plasmas." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 4 (2011): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-112.
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Theoretical studies of electronic configurations of several lanthanide ions in the Racah–Slater approach were performed with the standard suite of codes by R.D. Cowan, including a fitting of energy parameters. Configuration interaction was considered explicitly in the low configurations and was processed by effective parameters for doubly-excited far configurations. Mean errors lower than 100 cm–1 were obtained. Systematic differences are noticed between radial integrals calculated by ab initio PHFR and the Pfit fitted values. The consistency of the scaling factors SF(P) = Pfit/PHFR and of the effective parameters for far configuration effects is shown. In an application to Tm II, the predicted transition probabilities compared well with line intensities and led to the finding of new energy levels. In Nd II, the configuration 4f5 is identified.
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Kandil, Ali, Lei Hou, Mohamed Sharaf, and Ayman A. Arafa. "Configuration angle effect on the control process of an oscillatory rotor in 8-pole active magnetic bearings." AIMS Mathematics 9, no. 5 (2024): 12928–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.2024631.
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<abstract> <p>In an active magnetic bearings (AMBs) model, every pair of opposite poles is aligned at an angle with the horizontal axis. In some configurations, there is a pair of poles which is in line with the horizontal axis. In other configurations, the same pair of poles might make a nonzero angle with the horizontal axis. This paper focused on the effect of changing such a configuration angle on the control process of an oscillatory rotor in an 8-pole active magnetic bearings model. Adopting the proportional-derivative (PD) control algorithm, the radial or Cartesian control techniques were applied. It was found that the rotor's oscillation amplitudes were not affected by the change in the configuration angle, even if its rotation speed and eccentricity were varied in the radial control scheme. However, the amplitudes were severely affected by the change in the configuration angle except at a specific angle in the Cartesian control scheme. The approximate modulating amplitudes and phases of the rotor's oscillations were extracted by the method of multiple-scales and a stability condition was tested based on the eigenvalues of the corresponding Jacobian matrix.</p> </abstract>
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Eksiri, Zahra, Mohammadreza Mozdianfard, Azadeh Mirvakili, and Mohammadreza Rahimpour. "Effect of an axial-radial plate reactor modifications on a mega methanol plant production." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 5 (2021): 447–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0195.
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Abstract Axial-radial flow plate reactors have been recently considered as efficient and practical types of reactors for methanol synthesis. Generally, an axial–radial reactor (AR) consists of two main parts namely the axial section and the radial section and the vast majority of the feed enters the radial section. Moreover, the structure of AR has a space above the axial part, which can add an adiabatic bed in the system. In this study, the performance of two novels AR configurations is investigated to improve the effectiveness of the axial–radial plate reactor. In the first configuration, the optimum length of the adiabatic bed is calculated and the adiabatic bed is located above the axial section inside the AR and is named IAAR. Therefore, in IAAR the feed of the axial section just enters the adiabatic bed and warms up. On the other configuration, the adiabatic bed with the optimum length is placed outside the reactor and is named OAAR. Therefore, in OAAR the total feed passes through the adiabatic bed, highly warms up, then cools to the optimum temperature in a heat exchanger, and finally enters AR. Two-dimensional mathematical modeling via orthogonal collocation on the finite element method is developed to compare the performance of two configurations. The results show that the maximum proportion of methanol produces in IAAR, which is approximately 3.8% higher than that produced in conventional AR due to utilizing an adiabatic bed inside the AR and superior gas distribution in the process. Momentum, mass, and heat equations are calculated and molar flow rates, mole fractions and temperatures are depicted along the radius and the length of the three configurations.
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Wadia, Aspi R. "Experimental Investigation of a Forward Swept Rotor in a Multistage Fan with Inlet Distortion." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/941872.
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Previous studies of transonic swept rotors in single stage fans have demonstrated the potential of significant improvements in both efficiency and stall margin with forward swept blading. This paper extends the assessment of the payoff derived from forward sweep to multistage configurations. The experimental investigation compare two builds of an advanced two-stage fan configuration tested alternately with a radial and a forward swept stage 1 blade. In the two-stage evaluations, the testing was extended to include the effect on inlet flow distortion. While the common second stage among the two builds prevented the overall fan from showing clean inlet performance and stability benefits with the forward swept rotor 1, this configuration did demonstrate superior front stage efficiency and tolerance to inlet distortion. Having obtained already low distortion sensitivity with the radial rotor 1 configuration relative to current production military fan standards, the sensitivity to inlet distortion was halved with the forward swept rotor 1 configuration. In the case of the 180-degree one-per-rev distortion pattern, the two-stage configuration was evaluated both with and without inlet guide vanes (IGVs). The presence of the inlet guide vanes had a profound impact in lowering the two-stage fan's sensitivity with inlet distortion.
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Lawley, Jonathan E. M., Giselle C. Matlis, Amy L. Throckmorton, and Steven W. Day. "Practical Comparison of Two- and Three-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Slice Motors for Blood Pumps." Actuators 13, no. 5 (2024): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act13050179.
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The majority of bearingless permanent magnet slice motors (BPMSMs) used in commercially available rotary blood pumps use a two-phase configuration, but it is unclear as to whether or not a comparable three-phase configuration would offer a better performance. This study compares the performance of two-phase and three-phase BPMSM configurations. Initially, two nominal designs were manufactured and empirically tested for their performance characteristics, namely, the axial stiffness, radial stiffness, and current force. Subsequently, finite element analysis (FEA) models were developed based on these nominal devices and validated against the empirical results. Simulations were then employed to assess the sensitivity of performance characteristics to variations in seven different geometric features of the models for both configurations. Our findings indicate that the nominal three-phase design had a higher axial stiffness and radial stiffness, but resulted in a lower axial-to-radial-stiffness ratio when compared to the nominal two-phase design. Additionally, while the nominal two-phase design shows a higher current force, the nominal three-phase design proves to be slightly superior when the force generated is considered relative to the power usage. Notably, the three-phase configuration demonstrates a greater sensitivity to dimensional changes in the geometric features. We observed that alterations in the air gap and rotor length lead to the most significant variations in performance characteristics. Although most changes in specific geometric features entail equal tradeoffs, increasing the head protrusion positively influences the overall performance. Moreover, we illustrated the interdependent nature of the head height and rotor height on the performance characteristics. Overall, this study delineates the strengths and weaknesses of each configuration, while also providing general insights into the relationship between specific geometric features and performance characteristics of BPMSMs.
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Li, Wen Wu, Xin Chun Zhu, and Cheng Zhang. "Reliability Evaluation Research of 10 kV Typical Configuration Feeder Based on the FMEA." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.439.
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The 10kV feeder typical configuration is divided into two categories of no standby power and standby power in the paper, and subdivided into different configurations, then we use FMEA to analyze the power supply reliability of 10 kV radial lines under the different configurations, at last we compare and analyze the reliable indexes of the different equipment configuration schemes, such as the reliable rate RS-1, the system average interruption frequency AITC-1 etc. The research results show that space truss structure and switch configuration directly affect the power supply reliability of the distribution network. In the conditions of reserved auto-switch-on device and section switches automatically isolating faults, the power supply reliability rate is the highest, and the average interruption frequency and outage time are the lowest.
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Sychugov, N. P. "Aerodynamic configurations, characteristics and application of transverse fans." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 82, no. 3 (2015): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-65426.
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Aerodynamic configurations and characteristics of transverse fans are given. Their advantages in comparison with radial and axial fans are determined. In particular, transverse fans may have different width under the same rational configuration. Due to it, when recalculating the characteristic by similarity method, the field of their application is significantly enlarged.
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Sawa, Toshiyuki, Yasuhiro Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Furukawa, and Shigeru Tamura. "Radial Network Configuration Method Using Genetic Algorithm." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 121, no. 11 (2001): 1780–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss1987.121.11_1780.
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Mukaide, Rio, Masahiro Watanabe, Kenjiro Tadakuma, et al. "Radial-Layer Jamming Mechanism for String Configuration." IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 5, no. 4 (2020): 5221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2983679.
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Zhu, Qixuan, Yujun Lu, and Zhongkui Shao. "Structural Design and Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Octupole Active Radial Magnetic Bearing." Sensors 24, no. 24 (2024): 8200. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24248200.
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This study addresses the challenges of magnetic circuit coupling and control complexity in active radial magnetic bearings (ARMBs) by systematically investigating the electromagnetic performance of four magnetic pole configurations (NNSS, NSNS, NNNN, and SSSS). Initially, equivalent magnetic circuit modeling and finite element analysis (FEA) were employed to analyze the magnetic circuit coupling phenomena and their effects on the magnetic flux density distribution for each configuration. Subsequently, the air gap flux density and electromagnetic force were quantified under rotor eccentricity caused by unbalanced disturbances, and the dynamic performances of the ARMBs were evaluated for eccentricity along the x-axis and at 45°. Finally, experiments measured the electromagnetic forces acting on the rotor under the NNSS and NSNS configurations during eccentric conditions. The results indicate that the NNSS configuration significantly reduces magnetic circuit coupling, improves the uniformity of electromagnetic force distribution, and offers superior stability and control efficiency under asymmetric conditions. Experimental results deviated by less than 10% from the simulations, confirming the reliability and practicality of the proposed design. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing ARMB pole configurations and promote their application in high-speed, high-precision industrial fields such as aerospace and power engineering.
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Bai, Hualong, Nirvana Sadaghianloo, Jolanta Gorecka, et al. "Artery to vein configuration of arteriovenous fistula improves hemodynamics to increase maturation and patency." Science Translational Medicine 12, no. 557 (2020): eaax7613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7613.
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Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are the preferred mode of hemodialysis access, but 60% of conventional [vein-to-artery (V-A)] AVF fail to mature, and only 50% remain patent at 1 year. We previously showed improved maturation and patency in a pilot study of the radial artery deviation and reimplantation (RADAR) technique that uses an artery-to-vein (A-V) configuration. Here, we show that RADAR exhibits higher rates of maturation, as well as increased primary and secondary long-term patencies. RADAR is also protective in female patients, where it is associated with decreased reintervention rates and improved secondary patency. RADAR and conventional geometries were compared further in a rat bilateral carotid artery-internal jugular vein fistula model. There was decreased cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia in the A-V configuration in male and female animals, but no difference in hypoxia between the A-V and V-A configurations. Similar trends were seen in uremic male rats. The A-V configuration also associated with increased peak systolic velocity and expression of Kruppel-like factor 2 and phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase, consistent with improved hemodynamics. Computed tomography and ultrasound-informed computational modeling showed different hemodynamics in the A-V and V-A configurations, and improving the hemodynamics in the V-A configuration was protective against neointimal hyperplasia. These findings collectively demonstrate that RADAR is a durable surgical option for patients requiring radial-cephalic AVF for hemodialysis access.
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Thomas, Levi M., Richard D. Branam, and Mark F. Reeder. "Flow Measurements Using Particle Image Velocimetry in the Ultracompact Combustor." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/756463.
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The potential for the ultracompact combustor (UCC) lie in future research to reduced fuel consumption and improved engine performance. Velocity measurements performed on the UCC test rig at the Air Force Institute of Technology revealed flow patterns and time-averaged turbulence statistics for data taken burning hydrogen fuel in a straight and a curved cavity vane configuration. Over an equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.5, the straight vane configuration showed spanwise velocity decreased linearly with distance from the cavity vane over the width of the main channel. Increasing the flow rates and holding the equivalence ratio and ratio of cavity to main airflow rates constant, flow velocities in the main channel showed an increase with the curved circumferential configuration but a decrease with the straight circumferential configuration. Turbulence intensity is expected to be a major contributing factor, specifically since measured at 15% and 21% in the main channel for the straight and curved configurations, respectively. The results also show how the radial vane cavity (RVC) created strong vorticity throughout the main flow supporting a recirculation zone for mixing. Peak vorticity occurred farthest from the cavity vane suggesting the angle of the radial vane cavity is effective in generating increasing flow rotation.
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Vermare, L., P. Hennequin, C. Honoré, et al. "Formation of the radial electric field profile in the WEST tokamak." Nuclear Fusion 62, no. 2 (2021): 026002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac3c85.
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Abstract Sheared flows are known to reduce turbulent transport by decreasing the correlation length and/or intensity of turbulent structures. The transport barrier that takes place at the edge during improved regimes such as H mode, corresponds to the establishment of a large shear of the radial electric field. In this context, the radial shape of the radial electric field or more exactly of the perpendicular E × B velocity appears as a key element in accessing improved confinement regimes. In this paper, we present the radial profile of the perpendicular velocity measured using Doppler back-scattering system at the edge of the plasma, dominated by the E × B velocity, during the first campaigns of the WEST tokamak. It is found that the radial velocity profile is clearly more sheared in lower single null configuration (with the B × ∇B magnetic drift pointing toward the active X-point) than in upper single null configuration for ohmic and low current plasmas (B = 3.7 T and q 95 = 4.7), consistently with the expectation comparing respectively ‘favourable’ versus ‘unfavourable’ configuration. Interestingly, this tendency is sensitive to the plasma current and to the amount of additional heating power leading to plasma conditions in which the E × B velocity exhibits a deeper well in USN configuration. For example, while the velocity profile exhibits a clear and deep well just inside the separatrix concomitant with the formation of a density pedestal during L–H transitions observed in LSN configuration, deeper E r wells are observed in USN configuration during similar transitions with less pronounced density pedestal.
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Mohamed Diaaeldin, Ibrahim, Shady H. E. Abdel Aleem, Ahmed El-Rafei, Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz, and Ahmed F. Zobaa. "A Novel Graphically-Based Network Reconfiguration for Power Loss Minimization in Large Distribution Systems." Mathematics 7, no. 12 (2019): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7121182.
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Distribution network reconfiguration (DNR) is the optimized change in the topological structure of distribution systems without violating its radial configuration. DNR has been of interest in applied mathematics and engineering because of its importance in modern power systems. In literature, various optimization techniques that constitute a large area of applied mathematics were proposed to obtain optimized radial configurations; however, most of them were tested in small distribution systems. In this paper, a novel graphically-based DNR is proposed to obtain the optimized radial configurations for power loss minimization. The proposed DNR is based on the graphical representation of the distribution system without any need for a radiality check. Case studies were conducted on 16-, 33-, 70-, 83-, 136-, 415-, 880-, 1760-, and 4400-node distribution systems in order to minimize the total power loss. Results have proven the ability of the proposed graphical DNR for power loss minimization by obtaining fast radial configurations in comparison with previous studies and also its ability to deal with large distribution systems efficiently. The proposed DNR succeeded in minimizing the total losses for large distribution systems as the 880-, 1760-, and 4400-node distribution systems by 69.45%, 72.51%, and 74.35%, respectively.
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Fathi, Mohsen, та Morteza Mohseni. "Surface configuration in R + μ4/R gravity". Modern Physics Letters A 30, № 33 (2015): 1550171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732315501710.
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We investigate the conditions on the additional constant [Formula: see text] in the so-called [Formula: see text] theory of gravity, due to existence of different kinds of space-like surfaces in both weak field and strong field limits, and their possible correspondence to black hole event horizons. Adopting a Schwarzschild limit, we probe the behavior of [Formula: see text] in different contexts of radial and radial–rotational congruence of null geodesics. We show that these cases serve as correspondents to black hole horizons in some peculiar cases of study.
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Vigliani, Alessandro, Salvatore Paolo Cavallaro, and Simone Venturini. "Modelling and Experimental Testing of Passive Magnetic Bearings for Power Loss Reduction." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4149. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084149.
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The development of rotordynamic systems with reduced energy dissipation is a key challenge in modern applications, such as Flywheel Energy Storage Systems. This paper investigates a fully passive vertical rotor system supported by two passive magnetic bearings whose configuration provides radial stability while minimising power losses due to their thrust effect. A numerical model describes the forces and stiffness of the magnetic bearings, identifying the operational range of the thrust–radial support configuration. A test rig is developed for the experimental characterisation of the rotor and passive magnetic bearings in both static and dynamic conditions. Different magnetic thrust force levels are tested by varying the axial distance between the rotor and stator magnetic rings of the bearings. Static tests are performed to measure the weight force compensation corresponding to the different bearing configurations, validating the numerical model. Dynamic tests analyse the rotor power losses with a non-invasive approach via optical sensor measurements.
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Billings, Steve A., and Guang L. Zheng. "Radial basis function network configuration using genetic algorithms." Neural Networks 8, no. 6 (1995): 877–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0893-6080(95)00029-y.
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Yousif, Ali A., Ahmed M. Mohammed, and Mohammed Moanes E. Ali. "Radial force cancellation of bearingless brushless direct current motor using integrated winding configuration." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 1 (2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp79-88.
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A bearingless brushless direct current (BLDC) motor incorporates the function of magnetic bearings into a BLDC motor, making it a new type of high-performance motor. In this paper, the main motor windings are used to generate the radial force cancellation by injecting the required dc current, “integrated winding configuration”. The bearingless BLDC motor, direct current (DC) cancellation system model is established with the aid of (ANSYS/MAXWELL) software. The simulation results confirm that the rotor radial force is approximately zero and results from a balanced distribution of the magnetic flux density. The proposed DC excitation system is suitable to realize the rotor radial force cancellation in the bearingless BLDC motor. The simulation results of the proposed configuration show the approach of integrating winding configuration at different active pole positions to find the more efficient suspension performance and reduce the suspensions system current.
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Smentek, Lidia. "Magnetic Linear Birefringence in Rare Earth Systems. Second-Order Approach." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 68, no. 2 (2003): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20030253.
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An analysis defines the improved version of the theoretical model of magnetic linear birefringence in rare earth doped materials developed and applied in several papers of Kolmakova et al. The approach presented here is formulated in the language of tensor operators instead of equivalent Stevens objects, and in addition the radial terms of the effective operators contributing to the polarizability tensor are all defined for the complete radial basis sets of one-electron functions. The approach is based on perturbation theory. The effective operators represent the perturbing influence of singly excited configurations 4fN-1n' l' for l' = d, g and all n'. The model is defined within the single configuration approximation, and it addresses especially the problem of evaluation of the radial integrals. The discussion of the tensorial form of the effective operators is completed by the numerical values of appropriate radial integrals evaluated for the ions across the lanthanide series to be used in future theoretical analysis.
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Cisneros, Juan F., Fabiola Cobos, Manuel Raul Pelaez-Samaniego, Usman Rehman, Ingmar Nopens, and Andrés Alvarado. "Hydrodynamic Evaluation of Five Influent Distribution Systems in a Cylindrical UASB Reactor Using CFD Simulations." Water 13, no. 21 (2021): 3141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213141.
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UASB reactors are a promising option for environmentally friendly wastewater treatment due to their reduced carbon footprint and their capacity to treat a variety of wastewater strengths, among other recognized advantages over alternative wastewater treatment systems. The Influent Distribution System (IDS) is a critical structure for generating granules in a UASB reactor since it provides the required flow hydrodynamics for their formation. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficiency of five IDS configurations to generate ideal granulation conditions using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The IDS configurations were as follows: (C1) single radial inflow, (C2) upward axial inflow, (C3) downward distributed axial inflow, and two novel configurations in the form of (C4) double opposite radial inflow and (C5) downward tangential inflow. The hydrodynamic response of configuration C1 was validated in a physical model with dynamic Froude similitude. The granulation measurement was velocity-based in the reactor reaction zone using steady-state CFD simulations. The novel IDS configuration C4 was the one that resulted in the highest granulation volume, with up to 45.5% of the potential granulation volume of the UASB reactor, in contrast to the IDS C2 that obtained the lowest granulation with only 10.8%. Results confirm that the IDS directly impacts the hydrodynamics of the reactor and that model-based design can be used to ascertain IDS configurations that better promote granulation in UASB reactors.
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Yousif, Ali A., Ahmed M. Mohammed, and Mohammed Moanes E. Ali. "Radial force cancellation of bearingless brushless direct current motor using integrated winding configuration." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 1 (2022): 79–88. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i1.pp79-88.
Full textAbstract:
A bearingless brushless direct current (BLDC) motor incorporates the function of magnetic bearings into a BLDC motor, making it a new type of high-performance motor. In this paper, the main motor windings are used to generate the radial force cancellation by injecting the required dc current, “integrated winding configuration”. The bearingless BLDC motor, direct current (DC) cancellation system model is established with the aid of (ANSYS/MAXWELL) software. The simulation results confirm that the rotor radial force is approximately zero and results from a balanced distribution of the magnetic flux density. The proposed DC excitation system is suitable to realize the rotor radial force cancellation in the bearingless BLDC motor. The simulation results of the proposed configuration show the approach of integrating winding configuration at different active pole positions to find the more efficient suspension performance and reduce the suspensions system current.
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Chaojun, Yang, Amberbir Wondimu, and Ayodeji Olalekan Salau. "Comparative study of passive magnetic bearing using four ring magnets: a critical review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 2 (2024): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i2.pp685-695.
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Researchers on reducing energy losses caused by friction in small-scale wind turbines. This is crucial because a significant amount of energy is wasted due to friction in the main roller bearing. In order to overcome this, the concept of levitation has gained popularity. Levitation is achieved by employing the repelling forces between two opposing poles of a permanent magnet (PM), significantly reducing friction between the turbine stator and rotor. As a result, the overall energy production of the turbine increases. The use of passive permanent magnet bearings has several disadvantages, such as limited load-bearing capacity and rigidity. To address these limitations, we conducted numerical studies on four different configurations in order to enhance load-bearing capacity and stiffness. The results showed that the radial configuration outperformed the axial-type configuration in terms of stiffness and load-bearing capabilities in all four arrangements. Furthermore, it was revealed that radial passive magnetic bearings with adequate air gaps are not only more efficient but also less expensive than employing iron cores at the rear and between ring magnets for small-scale wind turbines.
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Chaojun, Yang, Amberbir Wondimu, and Ayodeji Olalekan Salau. "Comparative study of passive magnetic bearing using four ring magnets: a critical review." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 15, no. 2 (2024): 685–95. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v15.i2.pp685-695.
Full textAbstract:
This is crucial because a significant amount of energy is wasted due to friction in the main roller bearing. In order to overcome this, the concept of levitation has gained popularity. Levitation is achieved by employing the repelling forces between two opposing poles of a permanent magnet (PM), significantly reducing friction between the turbine stator and rotor. As a result, the overall energy production of the turbine increases. The use of passive permanent magnet bearings has several disadvantages, such as limited load-bearing capacity and rigidity. To address these limitations, we conducted numerical studies on four different configurations in order to enhance load-bearing capacity and stiffness. The results showed that the radial configuration outperformed the axial-type configuration in terms of stiffness and load-bearing capabilities in all four arrangements. Furthermore, it was revealed that radial passive magnetic bearings with adequate air gaps are not only more efficient but also less expensive than employing iron cores at the rear and between ring magnets for small-scale wind turbines.
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Xavier, José, Stéphane Avril, Fabrice Pierron, and José Morais. "Novel experimental approach for longitudinal-radial stiffness characterisation of clear wood by a single test." Holzforschung 61, no. 5 (2007): 573–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2007.083.
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Abstract Experimental results obtained from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) wood are presented for the characterisation of all LR=(1,2) orthotropic stiffness parameters of clear wood specimens by a single test. The approach relies on application of the virtual field method (VFM) to a rectangular specimen loaded in the Iosipescu fixture. The displacement field over the gauge surface of the specimen is measured by the grid method. Two configurations are investigated: (1) with grain aligned along the specimen length (0° configuration) and (2) with grain at 45°. For the 0° configuration, only the parameters Q 11 and Q 66 are correctly identified, with coefficients of variation of the same order of magnitude as those obtained from reference tensile and shear tests. Better identification is obtained for the 45° configuration, for which only the parameter Q 12 exhibits large scatter. This improvement results from a more balanced influence of all stiffness parameters on the response of the 45° specimen. However, all stiffness parameters identified were systematically underestimated by approximately 30% in comparison to reference values. This deviation is due to the vertical spatial variation of the mechanical properties of wood within the stem. Literature data confirm this interpretation.
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Raflis, H., M. Ilham, Z. Su’ud, A. Waris, and D. Irwanto. "Core Configuration Analysis for Modular Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) using OpenMC." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2072, no. 1 (2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2072/1/012007.
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Abstract The core configuration analysis of modular Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) has been done to understand GFR performance. The modular GFR used a fast neutron spectrum and high-temperature helium gas, providing higher thermal efficiency than the other generation IV reactor candidates. In this paper, the variation of core configuration and dimension for core design has been applied in radial, axial, and radial-axial directions. The Monte Carlo method, named OpenMC code, has been used for the criticality and isotope evaluation of design core GFR. The OpenMC code provides the probabilistic solution to solve the neutron transport equation in a 3D model and non-homogenous physical volumes using Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF/B-VII.b5) and continuous energy spectrum. The neutronics parameters characterized are the value of keff, fission rate and neutron flux distribution, and fissile material evolution to know of GFR core design’s performance. The analysis showed that the core configuration in radial direction gives a good understanding of the feasibility of GFR core design.
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Waqar, Sahil, Muhammad Muaaz, and Matthias Pätzold. "Human Activity Signatures Captured under Different Directions Using SISO and MIMO Radar Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (2022): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12041825.
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In this paper, we highlight and resolve the shortcomings of single-input single-output (SISO) millimeter wave (mm-Wave) radar systems for human activity recognition (HAR). A 2×2 distributed multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar framework is presented to capture human activity signatures under realistic conditions in indoor environments. We propose to distribute the two pairs of collocated transmitter–receiver antennas in order to illuminate the indoor environment from different perspectives. For the proposed MIMO system, we measure the time-variant (TV) radial velocity distribution and TV mean radial velocity to observe the signatures of human activities. We deploy the Ancortek SDR-KIT 2400T2R4 mm-Wave radar in a SISO as well as a 2×2 distributed MIMO configuration. We corroborate the limitations of SISO configurations by recording real human activities in different directions. It is shown that, unlike the SISO radar configuration, the proposed MIMO configuration has the ability to obtain superior human activity signatures for all directions. To signify the importance of the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system, we compared the performance of a SISO radar-based passive step counter with a distributed MIMO radar-based passive step counter. As the proposed 2×2 MIMO radar system is able to detect human activity in all directions, it fills a research gap of radio frequency (RF)-based HAR systems.
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Ama, Fadli, Agus Muhamad Hatta, Katherin Indriawati, et al. "THE APPLICATION OF PLASTIC FIBER OPTIC SENSOR AS BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING." Indonesian Physical Review 8, no. 1 (2025): 300–314. https://doi.org/10.29303/ipr.v8i1.395.
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Continuous blood pressure monitoring is essential for early hypertension prevention and cardiovascular disease diagnosis. Traditional methods are unsuitable for long-term use due to discomfort and limited portability. This study presents a tapered plastic fiber optical sensor (PFOS) as a sustainable, non-invasive solution for continuous monitoring. The PFOS system employs a light modulator based on mechanical waves to detect arterial pressure changes, utilizing an infrared light source (940 nm). The cuffless design includes four configurations: Bend, Bend with 1 Scratch, Bend with 3 Scratches, and Straight with 3 Scratches. The Bend with 1 Scratch configuration demonstrated superior performance, achieving 99.84% accuracy, a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.1564, a linearity of 0.9999, and a sensitivity of 2.9997 Hz/dBm. Experimental validation involved testing radial and brachial arteries. Blood pressure estimates from Pulse Transit Time (PTT) were compared to a standard sphygmomanometer. On the radial artery, the Bend with 1 Scratch configuration achieved the best results, with the lowest MAE (1.72 for SBP, 2.39 for DBP) and highest accuracy (98.30% for SBP, 96.56% for DBP). The Straight with 3 Scratches configuration performed best on the brachial artery, with an MAE of 2.81 for SBP and 5.11 for DBP, and accuracies of 97.21% for SBP and 92.67% for DBP. The PFOS system offers a promising option for continuous monitoring in clinical and home settings.
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Tso, Jin, and Fazle Hussain. "Organized motions in a fully developed turbulent axisymmetric jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 203 (June 1989): 425–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089001539.
Full textAbstract:
An experiment has been conducted to study the occurrence, configuration and dynamics of large-scale coherent vortical motions in the fully developed region of a turbulent axisymmetric jet. The key idea is to use vorticity signals from a spatial grid to detect and sample large-scale vortical structures and then use the (smoothed) vorticity peaks of spatial vorticity patterns to align and ensemble average successive realizations to determine structure configuration and dynamics. Measurements were made in an air jet at ReD = 69000 by employing a radial rake of seven × -wires to obtain the azimuthal vorticity map. Two additional conditioning probes were placed ± 90° away from the rake to determine the three-dimensional phase and hence the structure configuration. Structures with axisymmetric, helical and double helical configurations have been educed. Among them, the helical structures are far more dominant than the others, and the jet dynamics are thus discussed in terms of these helical structures. Helical structures move radially outward as they advect downstream. This radial movement, in conjunction with simultaneous local ejection of turbulent fluid and subsequent entrainment of the ejected fluid with ambient fluid, appears to be a major means of jet spreading. The shear strain rate is strong on the downstream side of the structure, causing intense small-scale turbulence production and mixing there.
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Tsao, Yi-Fan, Joachim Würfl, and Heng-Tung Hsu. "Bandwidth Improvement of MMIC Single-Pole-Double-Throw Passive HEMT Switches with Radial Stubs in Impedance-Transformation Networks." Electronics 9, no. 2 (2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020270.
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In this paper, we propose a new configuration for improving the isolation bandwidth of MMIC single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) passive high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) switches operating at millimeter frequency range. While the conventional configuration adopted open-stub loading for compensation of the off-state capacitance, radial stubs were introduced in our approach to improve the operational bandwidth of the SPDT switch. Implemented in 0.15 m GaAs pHEMT technology, the proposed configuration exhibited a measured insertion loss of less than 2.5 dB with better than 30 dB isolation level over the frequency range from 33 GHz to 44 GHz. In terms of the bandwidth of operation, the proposed configuration achieved a fractional bandwidth of 28.5% compared to that of 12.3% for the conventional approach. Such superior bandwidth performance is mainly attributed to the less frequency dependent nature of the radial stubs.
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Jeong, Joonwoo, Louis Kang, Zoey S. Davidson, Peter J. Collings, Tom C. Lubensky, and A. G. Yodh. "Chiral structures from achiral liquid crystals in cylindrical capillaries." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 15 (2015): E1837—E1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1423220112.
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We study chiral symmetry-broken configurations of nematic liquid crystals (LCs) confined to cylindrical capillaries with homeotropic anchoring on the cylinder walls (i.e., perpendicular surface alignment). Interestingly, achiral nematic LCs with comparatively small twist elastic moduli relieve bend and splay deformations by introducing twist deformations. In the resulting twisted and escaped radial (TER) configuration, LC directors are parallel to the cylindrical axis near the center, but to attain radial orientation near the capillary wall, they escape along the radius through bend and twist distortions. Chiral symmetry-breaking experiments in polymer-coated capillaries are carried out using Sunset Yellow FCF, a lyotropic chromonic LC with a small twist elastic constant. Its director configurations are investigated by polarized optical microscopy and explained theoretically with numerical calculations. A rich phenomenology of defects also arises from the degenerate bend/twist deformations of the TER configuration, including a nonsingular domain wall separating domains of opposite twist handedness but the same escape direction and singular point defects (hedgehogs) separating domains of opposite escape direction. We show the energetic preference for singular defects separating domains of opposite twist handedness compared with those of the same handedness, and we report remarkable chiral configurations with a double helix of disclination lines along the cylindrical axis. These findings show archetypally how simple boundary conditions and elastic anisotropy of confined materials lead to multiple symmetry breaking and how these broken symmetries combine to create a variety of defects.
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Lin, S., D. A. Hills, and D. Nowell. "Stresses in a flat plate due to a loose pin pressing against a cracked hole." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 32, no. 2 (1997): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324971513283.
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The elastic contact stress field caused by a radially loaded pin in a nearly conforming hole is studied. The elastic limit of the configuration is found, together with crack tip stress intensity factors for radial cracks emanating from the bolt hole, the latter using the distributed dislocation approach. A closed-form solution is therefore generated to enable an elastic design philosophy to be followed for both perfect and flawed configurations, providing that there are no nearby boundaries.
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Xu, Han, Lei Quan, Yan Liu, Hao Zhang, Mingxu Shao, and Kai Xie. "Effect of external E × E and E × B configurations on an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and plasma-activated water: Experiments and simulations." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 7 (2022): 073503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0087947.
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The potential of atmospheric-pressure plasma-treated water in biomedical-related applications has gradually increased recently. This contribution aims to explore the effects of externally applied E × E and E × B configurations on plasma jets and plasma-activated water. Although plasma plume deflection occurs in both external electric and magnetic configurations, the crossed electric field causes the radial separation of electrons and positive ions to weaken the plasma jet–liquid interaction, while E × B drift enhances the ionization collisions and discharge intensity of plasma jets. The concentration of aqueous reactive species (O2−, OH, and H2O2) and the inactivation effectiveness of living tissues (tumor cells and Escherichia coli) are weakened in the case of applying an external E × E configuration but strengthened with increasing transverse magnetic field. These findings prove that an external E × B configuration is a promising method for improving the performance of plasma jets in biomedical applications.
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Kamran, Ali, and Liang Guozhu. "Design and Optimization of 3D Radial Slot Grain Configuration." Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 23, no. 4 (2010): 409–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(09)60235-1.
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Sonda, Paul, Andrew Yeckel, Prodromos Daoutidis, and Jeffrey J. Derby. "Improved radial segregation via the destabilizing vertical Bridgman configuration." Journal of Crystal Growth 260, no. 1-2 (2004): 263–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.007.
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Ran, Zhitong, Zi-Qiang Zhu, and Dawei Liang. "Comparative Study of Dual-Rotor Permanent Magnet Machines with Series and Parallel Magnetic Circuits." World Electric Vehicle Journal 16, no. 1 (2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj16010012.
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This paper compares the electromagnetic performances of radial-flux, dual-rotor, permanent magnet (DRPM) machines with series (S) and parallel (P) magnetic circuits for two rotors, i.e., SDRPM and PDRPM, accounting for different slot/pole number combinations, stator winding configurations, and machine sizes. The machines are optimized using the finite element analysis (FEA) based on the genetic algorithm. It shows that the PDRPM machine with the tooth coil (TC) configuration has the highest permanent magnet (PM) utilisation compared to the PDRPM with toroidal winding (TW) configuration and the SDRPM machine with the TC configuration under different slot/pole number combinations. The scaling effects of the machine size on the torque have been investigated. The TW-PDRPM machine is suitable for large-radius and short-axial length applications due to the short end-winding length of the TW configuration, while the TC-PDRPM is better for small-radius and long-axial length applications. The TC-SDRPM performs well when both the machine outer radius and axial length increase. Finally, the TC-SDRPM and TW-PDRPM machines are prototyped and validated experimentally.
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Uberti, Federica, Lucia Frosini, and Loránd Szabó. "A New Design Procedure for Rotor Laminations of Synchronous Reluctance Machines with Fluid Shaped Barriers." Electronics 11, no. 1 (2022): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010134.
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A new procedure for the design and optimization of the rotor laminations of a synchronous reluctance machine is presented in this paper. The configuration of the laminations is symmetrical and contains fluid-shaped barriers. The parametrization principle is used, which executes variations in the lamination geometry by changing the position, thickness and shape of the flux barriers. Hence, the optimization procedure analyzes the various configurations through finite element simulations, by means of the communication between MATLAB and Flux 2D. In the post processing stage, the best geometry which optimizes mean torque, torque ripple, efficiency and power factor is selected. Once the best rotor configuration is defined, further investigations allow improving its performance by modifying the current angle, the stator winding and the thickness of the radial ribs.
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Arauz, G. L., and L. A. San Andres. "Experimental Pressures and Film Forces in a Squeeze Film Damper." Journal of Tribology 115, no. 1 (1993): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920966.
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The effect of whirl frequency and lubricant viscosity on the dynamic pressures and force response of an open end and a partially sealed squeeze film dampers (SFD) with a radial clearance of 0.38 mm is determined experimentally. The experiments are carried out in a damper test rig executing circular centered orbits and for whirl frequencies ranging from 33 to 83 Hz. The experimental results show that the sealed SFD configuration produces larger tangential forces than the open end SFD. The tangential (damping) force increases linearly with increasing whirl frequency. For this radial clearance fluid inertia effects in the damper are found to be negligible since the squeeze film Reynolds number is less than 1.20. Cavitation was observed in both damper configurations at high frequencies and high lubricant viscosities. This condition limited the rate of increment of the damping (tangential) force with increasing frequency and reduced the radial force when lubricant viscosity increased.
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Han, Ge, Xingen Lu, Yanfeng Zhang, Shengfeng Zhao, Chengwu Yang, and Junqiang Zhu. "Investigation of two pipe diffuser configurations for a compact centrifugal compressor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 4 (2017): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016685585.
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Diffusers are one of the most important factors determining the centrifugal compressor performance. The present work is aimed at providing a detailed understanding of the underlying flow and loss mechanisms in three different diffusers in a compact centrifugal compressor stage. Experimental and computational studies were conducted for various diffuser configurations, e.g. two pipe diffusers and one wedge diffuser, while keeping the throat in all the three geometries. It was found that both the pipe diffuser configurations had better aerodynamic performance than the original wedge diffuser. Furthermore, the pipe diffuser with a fishtail arrangement exhibited greater performance improvement, but had more distortion outflow than the wedge diffuser and the radial pipe diffuser because of the strong jet and wake structure caused by the fishtail turn. Nevertheless, the fishtail configuration has a smaller discharge swirl angle, which would have a positive impact on the performance of the combustor. As a result, the fishtail pipe diffuser configuration was recommended in compact centrifugal compressors.
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Wang, Hanwei, Yue Chao, Tian Tang, Kai Luo, and Kan Qin. "A Comparison of Partial Admission Axial and Radial Inflow Turbines for Underwater Vehicles." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051514.
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The metal fueled steam Rankine cycle has been successfully applied to Unmanned Underwater Vehicles. However, the suitable turbine configuration is yet to be determined for this particular application. In this paper, the mean-line design approach based on the existing empirical correlations is first described. The corresponding partial admission axial and radial inflow turbines are then preliminarily designed. To assess the performance of designed turbines, the three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and steady-state structural analysis are performed. The results show that axial turbines are more compact than radial inflow turbines at the same output power. In addition, since radial inflow turbines can reduce the exit energy loss, this benefit substantially offsets the increment of the rotor losses created by the low speed ratios and supersonic rotor inlet velocity. On the contrary, due to the large volume of dead gas and strong transient effects caused by the high rotor blade length of radial inflow turbines, the overall performance between axial and radial inflow turbines is comparable (within 4%). However, the strength of radial inflow turbines is slightly superior because of lower blade inlet height and outlet hub radius. This paper confirms that the axial turbine is the optimal configuration for underwater vehicles in terms of size, aerodynamics and structural performance.
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Witte, Hauke, Christoph Bode, and Jens Friedrichs. "Potential of Static Pressure Recovery of Rotor-Only Low-Pressure Axial Fans." International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power 8, no. 3 (2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijtpp8030033.
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Typically installed in a rotor-only configuration, low-pressure axial fans discharge directly into a free atmosphere and the discharge shows a strong swirl component. Since such designs, without guide vanes, cannot convert the dynamic pressure in the swirl component back into static pressure, the dynamic pressure is usually considered a loss. However, the radial equilibrium shows that a significant part of the kinetic energy contained in this swirl component is recovered as static pressure in the free atmosphere. This additional pressure increase has been sparsely researched. A comparison between two configurations with and without outlet guide vanes allows for the formulation of an evaluation criterion of the rotor-only configuration. Utilizing this evaluation criterion, the investigation of velocity profiles corresponding to generic rotor designs shows promise in terms of pressure recovery for new designs.
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Paul, Pranjol, K. S. R. Krishna Murthy, and Debabrata Chakraborty. "Effect of material properties on optimal radial strain gage locations in sharp V-notched configurations." MATEC Web of Conferences 172 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817203002.
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A simple yet reliable and powerful methodology using only one strain gage has been recommended for appropriate determination of notch stress intensity factor (NSIF) for sharp V-notched configurations subjected to mode I condition. The methodology is supported by strong theoretical postulates, and it permits the gage to be pasted prominently apart from tip of the notch thus avoiding various problems associated with singularities. Unlike the conventional methodologies, the recommended strain gage methodology also proposes optimal radial strain gage locations which are beneficial in appropriate determination of NSIFs. A FEM based numerical approach is adopted for obtaining optimal radial gage locations a priori for the aforesaid configuration. The optimal radial gage locations are observed to be influenced by parameters viz. the notch angle, the ratio of notch length to width of the plate and also material properties. Results were already published by the authors to establish that the optimal radial gage locations are influenced by the notch angle and the ratio of notch length to width of the plate. In this conference paper, a case is studied with a completely different material to check whether material properties influence the graphical trends of results or not.
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Huang, Qiang, Junchao Huang, Yandan Jiang, Haifeng Ji, Baoliang Wang, and Zhiyao Huang. "Investigation of the Effects of Electrode Geometry on the Performance of C4D Sensor with Radial Configuration." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134454.
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Electrodes are basic components of C4D (capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection) sensors, and different electrode structures (the configuration pattern or the electrode geometry) can lead to different measurement results. In this work, the effects of electrode geometry of radial configuration on the measurement performance of C4D sensors are investigated. Two geometrical parameters, the electrode length and the electrode angle, are considered. A FEM (finite element method) model based on the C4D method is developed. With the FEM model, corresponding simulation results of conductivity measurement with different electrode geometry are obtained. Meanwhile, practical experiments of conductivity measurement are also conducted. According to the simulation results and experimental results, the optimal electrode geometry of the C4D sensor with radial configuration is discussed and proposed. The recommended electrode length is 5–10 times of the pipe inner diameter and the recommended electrode angle is 120–160°.