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Carleo, Ilaria. "High precision radial velocities with giano spectra." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7388/.
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Radial velocities measured from near-infrared (NIR) spectra are a potential tool to search for extrasolar planets around cool stars. High resolution infrared spectrographs now available reach the high precision of visible instruments, with a constant improvement over time. GIANO is an infrared echelle spectrograph and it is a powerful tool to provide high resolution spectra for accurate radial velocity measurements of exo-planets and for chemical and dynamical studies of stellar or extragalactic objects. No other IR instruments have the GIANO's capability to cover the entire NIR wavelength range.
In this work we develop an ensemble of IDL procedures to measure high precision radial velocities on a few GIANO spectra acquired during the commissioning run, using the telluric lines as wevelength reference.
In Section 1.1 various exoplanet search methods are described. They exploit different properties of the planetary system. In Section 1.2 we describe the exoplanet population discovered trough the different methods. In Section 1.3 we explain motivations for NIR radial velocities and the challenges related the main issue that has limited the pursuit of high-precision NIR radial velocity, that is, the lack of a suitable calibration method. We briefly describe calibration methods in the visible and the solutions for IR calibration, for instance, the use of telluric lines. The latter has advantages and problems, described in detail. In this work we use telluric lines as wavelength reference.
In Section 1.4 the Cross Correlation Function (CCF) method is described. This method is widely used to measure the radial velocities.In Section 1.5 we describe GIANO and its main science targets.
In Chapter 2 observational data obtained with GIANO spectrograph are presented and the choice criteria are reported.
In Chapter 3 we describe the detail of the analysis and examine in depth the flow chart reported in Section 3.1.
In Chapter 4 we give the radial velocities measured with our IDL procedure for all available targets. We obtain an rms scatter in radial velocities of about 7 m/s.
Finally, we conclude that GIANO can be used to measure radial velocities of late type stars with an accuracy close to or better than 10 m/s, using telluric lines as wevelength reference.
In 2014 September GIANO is being operative at TNG for Science Verification and more observational data will allow to further refine this analysis.
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Thompson, Vincent Brent. "A Study of Southern Spectroscopic Binaries." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2907.
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The study of spectroscopic binaries is by no means a new area of study. The Doppler shifting of spectral lines as the stars orbit around each other is now able to be measured very precisely. Binary stars give a reliable means of determining stellar parameters such as the mass. A star's mass is one of the most dominant factors in determining its evolution. Stars for study in this thesis were selected from SB9 (the ninth catalogue of spectroscopic binaries). They were chosen on criteria such as apparent visual magnitude, orbital period, orbital solution grade, equatorial velocity and position. Only stars with poor to average orbital solutions were chosen as it is these orbits which need the most work done. In total 6 spectroscopic binary systems were chosen for study in this thesis. Four single lined spectroscopic binaries (HD 70958, HD 110318, HD 122223 and HD 141544) and two double line spectroscopic binaries (HD 110317 and HD 148704). Unfortunate observing conditions meant that adequate phase coverage of HD 110317 and HD 110318 was not achieved. Adequate phase coverage of the star HD 122223 was also not achieved but this is likely a result of the period being about three years and not about 207 days as quoted in the catalogue. Observations were carried out with the HERCULES spectrograph and the 1-metre McLellan telescope at the Mt John University Observatory from December 2007 until September 2008. Radial velocities were than measured from these spectra with HRSP3 and then orbital solutions were derived. Orbital solutions have been derived for the single-lined systems HD 141544 and HD 70958. The precision of HD 141544 was much better than HD 70598. This is because HD 70958 is complicated by differential rotation and possible chromospheric activity. The orbital solution of the double lined system HD 148704 was obtained by using CARTopt and not TODCOR as is common, with good results. HD 122223 is included even though only six spectra were obtained as it will be evident that the current orbital solution should be rejected in favour of the previous solution obtained in 1936 by Christie. Although the amount of data was not as large as was hoped, significant improvements of the orbital solutions were obtained. The secondary component of HD 148704 had only previously being detected in a very few spectra but now has a good orbital solution. Errors on all parameters have been decreased and tighter limits have been placed on the secondary components of the single lined systems. The mass ratio of the components of HD 148704 was also determined very accurately and calculation of the inclination from photometry may allow accurate masses to be determined.
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Seabroke, George Michael. "Probing the Milky Way galaxy through thick and thin (discs and halo) with the CORrelation RAdial VELocities (CORAVEL) and the RAdial velocity experiment (RAVE) surveys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612308.
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Hanson, Gregory Richard. "Microwave reflectometry on the advanced toroidal facility to measure density fluctuations and their radial correlation lengths." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17280.
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Ramm, David John. "A spectroscopic study of detached binary systems using precise radial velocities." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Physics and Astronomy, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1525.
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Spectroscopic orbital elements and/or related parameters have been determined for eight binary systems, using radial-velocity measurements that have a typical precision of about 15 ms⁻¹. The orbital periods of these systems range from about 10 days to 26 years, with a median of about 6 years. Orbital solutions were determined for the seven systems with shorter periods. The measurement of the mass ratio of the longest-period system, HD217166, demonstrates that this important astrophysical quantity can be estimated in a model-free manner with less than 10% of the orbital cycle observed spectroscopically.\\ Single-lined orbital solutions have been derived for five of the binaries. Two of these systems are astrometric binaries: β Ret and ν Oct. The other SB1 systems were 94 Aqr A, θ Ant, and the 10-day system, HD159656. The preliminary spectroscopic solution for θ Ant (P~18 years), is the first one derived for this system. The improvement to the precision achieved for the elements of the other four systems was typically between 1--2 orders of magnitude. The very high precision with which the spectroscopic solution for HD159656 has been measured should allow an investigation into possible apsidal motion in the near future. In addition to the variable radial velocity owing to its orbital motion, the K-giant, ν Oct, has been found to have an additional long-term irregular periodicity, attributed, for the time being, to the rotation of a large surface feature.\\ Double-lined solutions were obtained for HD206804 (K7V+K7V), which previously had two competing astrometric solutions but no spectroscopic solution, and a newly discovered seventh-magnitude system, HD181958 (F6V+F7V). This latter system has the distinction of having components and orbital characteristics whose study should be possible with present ground-based interferometers. All eight of the binary systems have had their mass ratio and the masses of their components estimated.\\ The following comments summarize the motivation for getting these results, and the manner in which the research was carried out. \\ The majority of stars exist in binary systems rather than singly as does the Sun. These systems provide astronomers with the most reliable and proven means to determine many of the fundamental properties of stars. One of these properties is the stellar mass, which is regarded as being the most important of all, since most other stellar characteristics are very sensitive to the mass. Therefore, empirical masses, combined with measurements of other stellar properties, such as radii and luminosities, are an excellent test for competing models of stellar structure and evolution.\\ Binary stars also provide opportunities to observe and investigate many extraordinary astrophysical processes that do not occur in isolated stars. These processes often arise as a result of direct and indirect interactions between the components, when they are sufficiently close to each other. Some of the interactions are relatively passive, such as the circularization of the mutual orbits, whilst others result from much more active processes, such as mass exchange leading to intense radiation emissions. \\ A complete understanding of a binary system's orbital characteristics, as well as the measurement of the all-important stellar masses, is almost always only achieved after the binary system has been studied using two or more complementary observing techniques. Two of the suitable techniques are astrometry and spectroscopy. In favourable circumstances, astrometry can deduce the angular dimensions of the orbit, the total mass of the system, and sometimes, its distance from us. Spectroscopy, on the other hand, can determine the linear scale of the orbit and the ratio of the stellar masses, based on the changing radial velocities of both stars. When a resolved astrometric orbital solution is also available, the velocities of both stars can allow the binary system's parallax to be determined, and the velocities of one star can provide a measure of the system mass ratio.\\ Unfortunately, relatively few binary systems are suited to these complementary studies. Underlying this difficulty are the facts that, typically, astrometrically-determined orbits favour those with periods of years or decades, whereas spectroscopic orbital solutions are more often measured for systems with periods of days to months. With the development of high-resolution astrometric and spectroscopic techniques in recent years, it is hoped that many more binary systems will be amenable to these complementary strategies.\\ Several months after this thesis began, a high-resolution spectrograph, HERCULES, commenced operations at the Mt John University Observatory, to be used in conjuction with the 1-metre McLellan telescope. For late-type stars, the anticipated velocity precision was ≲10 ms⁻¹. The primary goals of this thesis were: 1.~to assess the performance of HERCULES and the related reduction software that subsequently followed, 2.~to carry out an observational programme of 20 or so binary systems, and 3.~to determine the orbital and stellar parameters which characterize some of these systems. The particular focus was on those binaries that have resolved or unresolved astrometric orbital solutions, which therefore may be suited to complementary investigations.\\ HERCULES was used to acquire spectra of the programme stars, usually every few weeks, over a timespan of about three years. High-resolution spectra were acquired for the purpose of measuring precise radial velocities of the stars. When possible, orbital solutions were derived from these velocities, using the method of differential corrections.
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Lu, Weiying. "Development of Radial Basis Function Cascade Correlation Networks and Applications of Chemometric Techniques for Hyphenated Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1317231072.
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Kianifar, Mohammed R., and I. Felician Campean. "Performance evaluation of metamodelling methods for engineering problems: towards a practitioner guide." Springer, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17192.
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YesMetamodelling or surrogate modelling techniques are frequently used across the engineering disciplines in conjunction with expensive simulation models or physical experiments. With the proliferation of metamodeling techniques developed to provide enhanced performance for specific problems, and the wide availability of a diverse choice of tools in engineering software packages, the engineering task of selecting a robust metamodeling technique for practical problems is still a challenge. This research introduces a framework for describing the typology of engineering problems, in terms of dimensionality and complexity, and the modelling conditions, reflecting the noisiness of the signals and the affordability of sample sizes, and on this basis presents a systematic evaluation of the performance of frequently used metamodeling techniques. A set of metamodeling techniques, selected based on their reported use for engineering problems (i.e. Polynomial, Radial Basis Function, and Kriging), were systematically evaluated in terms of accuracy and robustness against a carefully assembled set of 18 test functions covering different types of problems, sampling conditions and noise conditions. A set of four real-world engineering case studies covering both computer simulation and physical experiments were also analysed as validation tests for the proposed guidelines. The main conclusions drawn from the study are that Kriging model with Matérn 5/2 correlation function performs consistently well across different problem types with smooth (i.e. not noisy) data, while Kriging model with Matérn 3/2 correlation function provides robust performance under noisy conditions, except for the very high noise conditions, where the Kriging model with nugget appears to provide better models. These results provide engineering practitioners with a guide for the choice of a metamodeling technique for problem types and modelling conditions represented in the study, whereas the evaluation framework and benchmarking problems set will be useful for researchers conducting similar studies.
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Karlsson, Anette. "In-Plane Motion Correction in Reconstruction of non-Cartesian 3D-functional MRI." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Datorseende, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-72056.
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When patients move during an MRI examination, severe artifacts arise in the reconstructed image and motion correction is therefore often desired. An in-plane motion correction algorithm suitable for PRESTO-CAN, a new 3D functional MRI method where sampling of k-space is radial in kx-direction and kz-direction and Cartesian in ky-direction, was implemented in this thesis work. Rotation and translation movements can be estimated and corrected for sepa- rately since the magnitude of the data is only affected by the rotation. The data were sampled in a radial pattern and the rotation was estimated by finding the translation in angular direction using circular correlation. Correlation was also used when finding the translation in x-direction and z-direction. The motion correction algorithm was evaluated on computer simulated data, the motion was detected and corrected for, and this resulted in images with greatly reduced artifacts due to patient movements.När patienter rör sig under en MRI-undersökning uppstår artefakter i den rekonstruerande bilden och därför är det önskvärt med rörelsekorrigering. En 2D- rörelsekorrigeringsalgoritm som är anpassad för PRESTO-CAN har tagits fram. PRESTO-CAN är en ny fMRI-metod för 3D där samplingen av k-rummet är radiell i (kx,kz)-planet och kartesisk i ky-riktningen. Rotations- och translationsrörelser kan estimeras separat då magnituden av signalen bara påverkas av rotationsrörelser. Eftersom data är samplat radiellt kan rotationen estimeras genom att hitta translationen i vinkelled med hjälp av cirkulär korrelation. Korrelation används även för att hitta translationen i i x- och z-riktningen. Test på simulerat data visar att rörelsekorrigeringsalgoritmen både detekterar och korrigerar för rörelser vilket leder till bilder med mycket mindre rörelseartefakter.
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Ferreira, Flavio Henn. "Medidas de assimetria bivariada e dependência local." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-30102008-000235/.
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Esta tese trata de dois assuntos importantes na teoria de risco: o fenômeno da dependência local e a identificação e mensuração de assimetrias apresentadas pelos dados. A primeira parte trata de dependência local, sendo abordadas algumas medidas já analisadas na literatura. Versões locais dos coeficientes de Kendall e Spearman , baseadas na distribuição condicional dos dados, são propostas. São apresentadas algumas propriedades dessas medidas e a aplicação das mesmas a algumas cópulas. Na segunda parte são apresentados resultados sobre cópulas bivariadas que são as menos associativas e menos bi-simétricas segundo o critério de máxima distância modular. A última parte trata da não-permutabilidade e assimetria radial dos dados. Uma medida de não-permutabilidade baseada nos coeficientes de correlação condicional é proposta e aplicada a algumas distribuições. No final, o conceito de quantil bivariado é aplicado nas definições de medidas para avaliar o grau de permutabilidade e de simetria radial presentes na estrutura de dependência dos dados e de testes de hipóteses para verificar se a cópula subjacente aos dados é permutável ou radialmente simétrica.In this thesis two important fields in risk theory are studied: the local dependence phenomenon and the identification and measuring of asymmetries contained in data. The first part deals with local dependence: some measures already studied in the literature are presented and discussed, and local versions of the coefficients Kendall and Spearman , based on the conditional distribution of data, are proposed. Properties of these measures and some examples concerning its application are treated. In the second part are presented some results about bivariate copulas which are the least associative and the least bi-symmetric according to the maximum modular distance. The last part analyses the nonexchangeability and the radial asymmetry of data. A measure of nonexchangeability based on the conditional correlation coefficient is proposed and applied to some distribution functions. At the end, the concept of bivariate quantile is applied in the definitions of measures for evaluating the degree of exchangeability and radial symmetry present in data and of hypothesis tests proposed for verifying whether the underlying copula is exchangeable or radially symmetric.
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Плекан, Р. М., В. Ю. Пойда, А. М. Танчак, and Б. Ю. Чулей. "Опис кореляцій нуклонів парно-парних ядер в адіабатичному наближенні." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64136.
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Врахування кутових і радіальних кореляцій нуклонів призводить до необхідності мати методи розрахунку енергетичного спектру парнопарних ядер, які виходять за рамки однонуклонних наближень типу Хартрі-Фока. Вивчення двонуклонних станів у свою чергу дозволяє дослідити природу гігантського дипольного резонансу та структуру нейтронного гало, наявність якого встановлено для ряду легких ядер, а також ефект надплинності ядерної матерії.
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Constantinides, Christos. "'Magneto-structural correlations' in some organic radicals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648301.
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Makki, Zbyněk. "Optimalizace chlazení synchronního stroje." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-239932.
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The main goal of doctoral thesis is optimization cooling of the synchronous machine. Problem is solved based on the finite element method with use of ANSYS software. Work is built up from theoretical part where is comparison of base equations for heat transfer and simulations for several models. Next part shows us two methods how simulate free and force convection. Depends on the better method from the previous two methods is used for next calculations with several algorithm which are used for find of best parameters for synchronous machine. Our control parameter is mass flow rate.
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Pask, Christopher Martin. "Magneto-structural correlations of some novel sulfur-nitrogen radicals." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619955.
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Opravil, Jan. "Systém pro optické měření." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219684.
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This diploma thesis deals with the creation and testing of optical measurement system. There are basic parts of computer vision. Some ways of image preprocessing and templates matching are discussed. Everything is directed to a particular practical task. Selected methods for templates matching are the Correlation Method, the Classical and Hybrid Hausdorff Distance, Radial and Circular Sampling Space. These methods are programmed in C++ and they are compared with function for searching templates from specific library.
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Short, Hayden B. "Chemically Accurate Calculations of Rate Constants of Spin Trap-Hydroxyl Radical Addition Reactions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/252.
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The DMPO type spin trap 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) and the exceptionally similar spin trap 2-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-l-oxide (EMPO) are widely studied in computational and theoretical works. This particular study examines the addition reactions that both these molecules undergo with the carcinogenic hydroxyl radical. This work used a relatively new approximation method, called the correlation consistent composite approach or ccCA, for carrying out quantum mechanical calculations to give the free energies of the products and reactants of the reactions. The free energies are to be used to extrapolate the rate constants of the reactions from the Arrhenius equation. Though both the spin traps studied have been widely examined and assessed in both theoretical and experimental work, accurately calculated rate constants have not been previously obtained using computational methods. The results obtained here will help to assess the efficiency and the accuracy of the ccCA method, as well as lead to the design of better, more novel spin traps.
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Carrillo, Lozada Alejandro 1983. "Environment-induced anisotropy and the sensitivity of the radical pair mechanism in the avian compass." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277125.
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Orientadores: Marcos Cesar de Oliveira, Silvio Antonio Sachetto VitielloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T14:05:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarrilloLozada_Alejandro_M.pdf: 43030851 bytes, checksum: 63a4000c6fbaa12db70efa1fc8fa2a1b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O campo magnético da Terra é essencial na orientação de pássaros migratórios. A explicação mais promissora para esta orientação utiliza o mecanismo de pares ra-dicais (PR) criados em uma reação foto-estimulada, a qual é conjecturada ocorrer em fotorreceptores criptocromo. Esta última conjectura foi particularmente reforçada recentemente pela evidência de sensibilidade magnética do criptocromo humano. Os radicais devem ter uma anisotropia intrínseca, a fim de definir um quadro de referência para esse tipo de bússola. Esta anisotropia, quando introduzida através de interação hiperfinas, impõe imobilidade ao RP formado dentro do olho do pássaro, e implica na preservação do emaranhamento entre os elétrons desemparelhados do PR por tempos longos (de centenas de microssegundos). Consequentemente, os tempos de coerência são também longos, mesmo que o papel do emaranhamento na reação permaneça desconhecido. Mostra-se que esse tipo de anisotropia devido às interações hiperfinas não é necessário para o funcionamento da bússola. Pares radicais isotrópicos, isto é, moléculas que executam um movimento de rotação ou de difusão capaz de remover qualquer anisotropia no Hamiltoniano quando submetidos a um processo de decoerência rápida, são capazes de fornecer a anisotropia necessária para que a bússola funcione. O ambiente no qual o PR está imerso _e responsável pelo referencial da bússola, relaxando a hipótese de imobilidade. Isto expande significativamente a gama de aplicabilidade do mecanismo de PR fornecendo mais elementos para pesquisa experimental, quanto as moléculas candidatas não devem estar fixas na retina. Utilizando esta fonte externa de anisotropia, mostramos que o emara-nhamento não é necessário para o bom funcionamento da bússola dado que estados separáveis podem formar produtos anisotrópicos sob as condições apropriadas. Condições iniciais classicamente correlacionadas para o PR, ou em outras palavras, estados iniciais sem correlação quântica, podem fornecer uma outra fonte da anisotropia necessária para o bom funcionamento da bússola; dado que o estado inicial não _e um estado singleto (ou tripleto) perfeito entre os spins eletrônicos e portanto não _e um estado maximamente emaranhado, esta nova fonte de direção preferencial na criação dos produtos químicos ganha relevância
Abstract: Earth's magnetic field is essential for orientation of migratory birds. The most promising explanation for this orientation employs the photo-stimulated radical pair (RP) mechanism, conjectured to occur in cryptochrome photoreceptors. This last conjecture has been particularly reinforced recently by the evidence of magnetosensivity of human cryptochrome. The radicals must have an intrinsic anisotropy in order to define a reference frame for this kind of compass. This anisotropy, when introduced through hyperfine interactions, imposes immobility of the RP formed within the eye of the bird, and implies that entanglement between the unpaired electrons of the RP is preserved over long times of hundreds of microseconds; therefore the coherence times are longer, even if the role of entanglement in the reaction remains unknown. We show that this kind of anisotropy due to hyperfine interactions is not necessary for the proper functioning of the compass. Isotropic radical pairs, i.e., molecules performing diffusional or rotational motion able to average away any anisotropy in the hamiltonian, when subjected to a fast decoherence process, are able to provide the anisotropy required for the compass to work. The environment in which the RP is immersed is then responsible for the reference frame of the compass, relaxing the immobility assumption. This significantly expands the range of applicability of the RP mechanism providing more elements for experimental search, as the candidate molecules must not be fixed within the retina. Using this external source of anisotropy, we show that entanglement is not necessary for the proper working of the compass, given that separable states can form anisotropic yields under proper conditions. Classically correlated initial conditions for the RP, or in other words, initial states without quantum correlations, can provide another source of the required anisotropy for the proper working of the compass; given that the initial state is not a perfect singlet (or triplet) state between the electronic spins and therefore is not a maximally entangled state, this new source of preferred direction in the creation of the chemical products gains relevance
Mestrado
Física
Mestre em Física
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Kosolapova, Natalia. "Recontruction des spectres microturbulence en nombre d'ondes à partir des données de la réflectométrie de corrélation radiale." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0132/document.
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La turbulence est supposée être la source principale du transport anormal dans les tokamaks, qui conduit à la perte de chaleur beaucoup plus rapidement que celui prédit par la théorie néoclassique. Développement de diagnostics dédiés à la caractérisation de la turbulence du plasma est l'un des principaux enjeux de la fusion nucléaire pour contrôler les flux de particules et de transport d'énergie de la centrale électrique de fusion avenir. Les diagnostics basés sur la diffusion des micro-ondes induite par le plasma ont focalisé l'attention des chercheurs comme outils non perturbants, et nécessitant seulement un accès unique de faible encombrement au plasma. Le principe de base est lié à la phase de l'onde réfléchie qui contient des informations sur la position de la couche de coupure et les fluctuations de densité. La réflectométrie corrélation considérée ici, maintenant couramment utilisée dans les expériences, est la technique fournissant de l'information sur le plasma microturbulence. Bien que le diagnostic soit largement répandu l'interprétation des données reste une tâche assez compliquée. Ainsi, il a été supposé que la distance à laquelle la corrélation des deux signaux reçus à partir du plasma est supprimée est égale à la longueur de corrélation de turbulence. Toutefois, cette approche est erronée et introduit des erreurs énormes sur l'évaluation des paramètres de la microturbulence du plasma. L'objectif de cette thèse fut d'abord le développement d'une théorie analytique, puis de fournir une interprétation correcte des données de la réflectométrie de corrélation radiale (RCR) et enfin d'offrir aux chercheurs des formules simples pour extraire des informations sur les paramètres de turbulence à partir d'expériences utilisant la RCR. Des simulations numériques basées sur la théorie ont été utilisées pour prouver l'applicabilité de la méthode théorique, pour donner un aperçu aux expérimentateurs sur ses capacités et pour optimiser les paramètres du diagnostic lors de son utilisation en fonction des conditions de plasma. De plus, les résultats obtenus sur trois machines différentes sont soigneusement analysés et comparés avec les prédictions théoriques et des simulations numériquesTurbulence is supposed to be the main source of anomalous transport in tokamaks which leads to loss of heat much faster than as it is predicted by neoclassical theory. Development of plasma turbulence diagnostics is one of the key issues of nuclear fusion to control turbulent particles and energy transport in a future fusion power station. Diagnostics based on microwaves scattered from plasma attract attention of researchers as non-disturbing and requiring just a single access to plasma. The phase of the reflected wave contains information on the position of the cut-off layer and density fluctuations. Correlation reflectometry is now a routinely used technique providing information on plasma microturbulence. Although the diagnostics is widely spread data interpretation remains quite a complicated task. Thus, it was supposed that the distance at which the correlation of two signals received from plasma is suppressed is equal to the turbulence correlation length. However this approach is incorrect and introduces huge errors to determined plasma microturbulence parameters. The aim of this thesis is to develop an analytical theory, to give a correct interpretation of radial correlation reflectometry (RCR) data and to provide researchers with simple formulae for extracting information on microturbulence parameters from RCR experiments. Numerical simulations based on the theory prove applicability of this theoretical method and give an insight for experimentalists on its capability and on optimized diagnostic parameters to use. Furthermore the results obtained on three different machines are carefully analyzed and compared with theoretical predictions and numerical simulations as well
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LOPEZ, JEAN-GABRIEL. "Apports des biopsies prostatiques dans la stadification du cancer de prostate : correlation avec 128 pieces de prostatectomie radicale." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1M258.
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Demetroullas, Constantinos. "Weak gravitational lensing studies using radio information." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/weak-gravitational-lensing-studies-using-radio-information(dd216a1d-8cfb-4d1f-83a8-a8d2410424c5).html.
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Weak gravitational lensing has developed to be one of the most powerful tools for studying the (dark) matter distribution in the Universe. Most weak lensing studies thus far were con- ducted in the optical and near infrared. Measuring weak lensing in the radio though, provided it is feasible, can be very advantageous. One can exploit the well known and deterministic beam pattern of a radio telescope and the polarisation information in radio data to reduce shape biases and intrinsic alignment effects respectively. Combining the information from an optical and a radio survey can also help remove systematics from both datasets. This has motivated this study that uses archival radio and optical data to treat telescope systematics and measure an unbiased weak lensing signal using shape information derived from radio observations. Using simulations I have shown that an unbiased convergence cross power spectrum can be measured in the presence of the large scale (θ > 1◦) systematics detected in FIRST and SDSS. The method however amplifies the uncertainties by a factor ∼2.5 compared to the errors due to cosmic variance and noise due to galaxy intrinsic shape alone. Using the shape information from the two surveys I measure a Ckappakappa spectrum signal that is inconsistent with zero at the 2.7sigma. The placed constraints are consistent with the expected signal in the concordance cosmological model assuming recent estimates of the cosmological parameters from the Planck satellite and literature values for the median redshifts of SDSS and FIRST.Through simulations I also show that I can successfully remove position based small scale systematics (θ5). Using the deconvolved information for the resolved sources I calculate a FWHM median size and flux density of 0.5'' and 300μJy respectively. Comparing the source number density and RMS noise of the study with those of FIRST, I extrapolate to predict that the number density of sources at > 5sigma will be ∼5arcmin-2, assuming the target noise threshold for the survey is reached.
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Chadwick, Helen J. "Angular momentum polarisation effects in inelastic scattering." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:474b04fa-4f50-4618-88ab-c85878723f2a.
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In this thesis, a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the vector properties that describe the inelastic scattering of a diatomic radical with an atomic collision partner is presented. A particular emphasis is placed on those correlations that include the final rotational angular momentum, j', of the radical. The depolarisation of both NO(A) and OH(A) brought about through collisions with krypton has been studied, providing a measure of the j-j' correlation, where j is the initial rotational angular momentum associated with the diatom. The total depolarisation cross- sections for both collisional disorientation and disalignment have been measured using quantum beat spectroscopy, and modelled theoretically using quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations. The agreement between experiment and theory for NO(A)-Kr is excellent, but is not observed for OH(A)-Kr under thermal conditions. This has been attributed to the importance of electronic quenching in OH(A)-Kr. The depolarisation cross-sections have also been determined at a higher collision energy for OH(A)-Kr where electronic quenching is less significant, and the experimental results are in better agreement with those obtained theoretically. The NO(A)-Kr depolarisation cross-sections fall with increasing rotational quantum number, N, whereas for OH(A)-Kr, they exhibit less of an N dependence. This trend is mirrored in the elastic depolarisation cross-sections, which have also been determined experimentally for OH(A)-Kr. The significantly attractive and anisotropic nature of the OH(A)-Kr potential energy surface (PES) accounts for these observations. The j-j' correlation is extended to include the initial (relative) velocity (k) in a new theoretical treatment of the k-j-j' correlation. The formalism developed is used with the results from the QCT calculations for NO(A)-Kr and OH(A)-Kr to provide further insight into the mechanism of depolarisation in the two systems. Collisions of NO(A) with krypton do not cause significant depolarisation due to their impulsive nature, and the projection of j onto the kinematic apse is conserved. In contrast, collisions of OH(A) with krypton effectively randomise the direction of j, again showing the influence of the anisotropic and attractive nature of the PES. However, the projection of j onto the kinematic apse is still conserved. The inelastic scattering of NO(X) with argon and krypton has also been investigated, using a crossed molecular beam apparatus. The initial Λ-doublet state of the NO(X) was selected using hexapole focussing, and the products of the collision detected using velocity mapped ion imaging. The state to state differential cross-sections (equivalent to the k-k' correlation, where k' is the final relative velocity) have been measured for collisions which conserve the initial spin-orbit level of the NO(X) with krypton. The same parity dependent effects were seen as have been observed previously for NO(X)-Ar. The collision induced alignment (equivalent to the k-k'-j' correlation) of NO(X) as a result of scattering with argon has also been determined experimentally. The results can be explained classically by considering the conservation of the projection of j onto the kinematic apse.
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Alexander, Ödlund Lindholm. "The Salience of Issues in Parliamentary Debates : Its Development and Relation to the Support of the Sweden Democrats." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-167610.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the salience of issue dimensions in the Swedish parliament debates by the established parties during the rise of the Sweden Democrats Party (SD). Structural topic modeling was used to construct a measurement of the salience of issues, examining the full body of speeches in the Swedish parliament between September 2006 and December 2019. Trend analysis revealed a realignment from a focus on socio-economic to socio-cultural issues in Swedish politics. Cross-correlation analyses had conflicting results, indicating a weak positive relationship between the salience of issues and the support of SD – but low predictive ability; it also showed that changes in the support of SD did lead (precede) changes in the salience of issues in the parliament. The ramifications of socio-cultural issues being the most salient are that so-called radical right-wing populist parties (RRPs), or neo-nationalist parties, has a greater opportunity to gain support. It can make voters more inclined to base their voting decision on socio-cultural issues, which favors parties who fight for and are trustworthy in those issues – giving them more valence in the eyes of the voters.
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Kassab, Emile. "Contribution à l'étude théorique de la réactivité des états excités de Rydberg de plus basse énergie de petits systèmes polyatomiques par des méthodes quantiques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066450.
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Etude théorique de la réactivité photochimique mono- et poly moléculaire des états de Rydberg infèrieurs de NH::(3), H::(2)O, CH::(4), alkylamines, alcools, radicaux méthyle, éthyle et ammonium de petits agrégats de NH::(3) ET NH::(3)-H::(2)O, de la photocyclodimèrisation de C::(2)H::(4), de l'extinction de l'état singulet excité de H::(2) par H::(2) à l'état fondamental, de la solvatation du radical NH::(4) dans un état de Rydberg par NH::(3), de l'interaction de H::(2) et HE avec NH::(3) excité, par la détermination des surfaces d'énergie potentielle par des méthodes ab initio quantitatives et des diagrammes de corrélation qualitatifs étendus aux états de Rydberg, en réunissant les différents concepts contenus dans les diagrammes de corrélation de l'atome unifié, dans le diagramme de Woodward Hoffmann, dans les règles de "topicité" et le concept de "rydbergnisation".
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Bachmar, Karim. "Les quadriconsonantiques dans le lexique de l'arabe." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672544.
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La thèse se répartit en deux tomes. Les quadriconsonantiques forment deux groupes de radicaux distincts, à savoir : les radicaux de forme ABAB et les radicaux de forme ABCD. L'analyse de ces radicaux, en appliquant la TME (Théorie, Matrice, Etymon) élaborée par G. Bohas, permet de définir leur fonctionnement aux plans sémantique, sémantico phonétique et structurel. La première partie Tome 1 analyse les quadriconsonantiques de forme ABAB. La deuxième partie Tome 2 est consacrée aux quadriconsonantiques de forme ABCD.Concernant les radicaux ABAB, dont la structure est issue d'un redoublement de l'unique étymon AB, le travail d'analyse va plus s'orienter sur la sémantique. Il est démontré que le redoublement ne s'accompagne pas d'une modification sémantique systématique, contrairement à ce que l'on observe dans les parlers d'orient et d'occident.La deuxième partie de la thèse, Tome 2, dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment, étudie les radicaux ABCD dans le cadre de la TME en prenant en compte la contrainte phonétique formulée par Angoujard (1997), notée : CPA. L'objectif est de déterminer leur mode de fonctionnement tant sur le plan structurel que sur le plan sémantico phonétique. L'étude de ces radicaux ABCD ne se limite pas uniquement à montrer le fonctionnement structurel des radicaux mais établit une relation entre la TME de Bohas et la CPA d'Angoujard.
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Leitch, Alicea Anne. "Structure and Property Correlations in Heavy Atom Radicals." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4506.
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Neutral radicals represent versatile building blocks for the design of new conductive and magnetic molecular materials. In order to obtain good electron transport, materials displaying a high bandwidth W and a low on-site Coulomb repulsion energy U must be generated, and to this end, the pyridine-bridged bisdithiazolyl radicals were developed. As a result of resonance stabilization, these materials possessed a low U, a high thermal stability, and did not dimerize in the solid state. Unfortunately, their crystal structures consisted of slipped π-stack arrays that limited overall bandwidth and afforded Mott insulating ground states. To improve on these systems, two strategies were employed to increase orbital overlap between radicals. The first approach involved the removal of one of the R groups to allow for more superimposed π-stacking in the solid state. Although the desired packing motif was achieved for one derivative, and higher conductivity was observed, a subtle distortion along the π-stacks at low temperature resulted in diamagnetic behaviour, demonstrating the need for steric protection in preventing spin-quenching association in these compounds. The second strategy to improve W was to incorporate the heavier, more spatially diffuse selenium atom into the framework. Three selenium-containing isomers were developed and it was found that conductivity increased with selenium content, with room temperature values reaching 0.001 S/cm. For some derivatives σ-dimerization through the selenium atom is observed, and these compounds exhibited a dramatic response to applied pressure, with conductivity values increasing by 5 orders of magnitude under 5 GPa of pressure. When dimerization is avoided, isomorphous mapping of sulfur for selenium is generally achieved, although for one series of radicals, two space groups were obtained. For this family of compounds the effects of the crystal structure on the transport properties were examined. A series of EHT bandwidth calculations and DFT magnetic exchange energy calculations on a model 1D π-stack of radicals revealed that the experimental properties (both conductivity and magnetism) correlate well to theory, suggesting that the behaviour of these compounds can be predicted based on crystal structure, and that the design of compounds with specific properties may soon be possible.
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Zheng, Gaung-Hong, and 鄭光宏. "Thermodynamic Study of Cobalt Mediated Radical Polymerization: The Correlation of E1/2 , KCMRP , and Control Mechanisms." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7478ka.
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Pandha, H. S., S. Javed, P. Sooriakumaran, S. Bott, B. Montgomery, A. Hutton, C. Eden, S. E. Langley, and Richard Morgan. "Correlation of Urinary Engrailed-2 Levels to Tumour Volume and Pathological Stage in Men Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/10105.
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yesThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between pre-prostatectomy urinary Engrailed-2 (EN2), a transcription factor secreted by prostate cancer cells, with tumour volume and pathological characteristics in resected prostate specimens. First pass urine samples (10 ml) without prior prostatic massage were collected and stored at –80°C. EN2 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Tumour volume in the prostatectomy specimens was determined histologically. 57 men undergoing RP in one urological cancer network were evaluated. EN2 was detected in 85% of RP patients. EN2 correlated with tumour volume (but not total prostatic volume) in a linear regression analysis, with increasing pathological T stage and margin positivity. Using three “cutoff levels” of tumour volume (0.5 ml, 1.3 ml and 2.5 ml) to define “significant disease”, men with “significant disease” had markedly higher levels of urinary EN2 (p < 0.001 for each cut off level). Levels of urinary EN2 may be useful in predicting tumour volume in men with prostate cancer by potentially identifying men with small volume “insignificant” disease. This study justifies a larger multicentre evaluation of urinary EN2 levels as a biomarker of PC significance using cancer volume, pathological and PSA criteria.
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Sattelmeyer, Kurt W. "Development and application of coupled-cluster methods capable of correctly describing dynamical and non-dynamical correlation in radicals and biradicals." 2004. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/sattelmeyer%5Fkurt%5Fw%5F200405%5Fphd.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Georgia, 2004.Directed by Henry F Schaefer. Includes articles published in Journal of chemical physics, and Chemical physics letters. Includes bibliographical references.
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Huang, Chih-Jen, and 黃志仁. "Correlation Studies of the Prognosis for Breast Cancer--- The Investigation of HIF-1α Expression and the Role of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for the Patients with Breast Cancer after Modified Radical Mastectomy." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03196043985099848414.
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博士高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所
100
Topic 1: Expression of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1α of Breast Cancer Background: Tumor angiogenesis is essential for solid tumor development, progression and metastases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between hypoxia inducible factor 1 α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density (MVD) as well as their prognostic impacts on patients with breast cancer. Methods and Materials: We collected the clinical data of 240 female patients with breast cancer between January, 1991 and July, 2001. The immunohistochemical expression of HIF-1 α, VEGF and CD31 endothelial cell marker of microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissue samples. Data of the immunohistochemical expression were analyzed by chi-square test. The overall survival and disease-free survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Results: High expression of HIF- 1α, VEGF and MVD was found in 73 patients (30%), 163 patients (68%) and 112 patients (47%), respectively. Expression of HIF-1α was significantly correlated with VEGF (p < 0.001), MVD (p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, high MVD is the significant poor prognostic factor of local recurrenace (p < 0.001). Advanced stage of T and N stage，high expression of HIF-1α、VEGF and high MVD were the poor prognostic factors of distant metastasis significantly (p < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, high expression of HIF-1α，advanced tumor stage and high MVD (p < 0.001) would had significantly poor impacts on clinical outcome of disease-free survival. From Kaplan-Meier analysis, the patients characterized with HIF-1α over-expression showed worse overall survival (p < 0.001). Conclusion: These findings suggest that HIF-1α may play an important role in angiogenesis, tumor progression via regulation of VEGF and microvessel development. The high expression of HIF-1α might be considered as one poor prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. Topic 2：Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Breast Cancer Patients with T1-2 Tumor and 1-3 Positive Nodes with or without Post-Mastectomy Radiation Therapy Paper in print, Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology, accepted on April 26, 2012. Background: The value of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for breast cancer patients with T1-2 and 1-3 positive nodes remains controversial. The purpose of this retrospective study was to compare the clinical outcome of breast cancer patients with T1-2 and 1-3 positive nodes with and without PMRT. Methods: Between May 1990 and June 2008, 318 breast cancer patients with T1-2 and 1-3 positive nodes who had undergone modified radical mastectomy received PMRT (n = 163) and no PMRT (n = 155). The clinico-pathologic characteristics were analyzed for clinical outcomes including loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, disease-free survival and overall survival. Results: During the median follow-up period of 102 months, the clinical outcome in PMRT vs. no-PMRT groups was as follows: loco-regional recurrence rate (3.1% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.006); distant metastasis rate (20.9% vs. 27.7%, p = 0.152); 10-year disease-free survival rate (73.8% vs. 61.3%, p= 0.001) and 10-year overall survival rate (82.1% vs. 76.1%, p = 0.239). In multivariate analysis, positive nodal ratio ≥ 25% (HR = 4.571, p = 0.003) and positive lymphovascular invasion (HR = 2.738, p = 0.028) were the independent poor prognostic predictors of LRR. The PMRT had significant improvement in reducing loco-regional recurrence (HR = 0.208, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Our results provide some evidence that PMRT be strongly recommended for breast cancer patients with T1-2 and 1-3 positive nodes, especially for high-risk subgroups with positive nodal ratio ≥ 25% and positive lymphovascular invasion, not only for reducing the loco-regional recurrence but also for having benefits on improving disease-free survival. Topic 3: Comparison of Local Recurrence and Distant Metastasis between Breast Cancer Patient after PMRT with and without Immediate TRAM Flap Reconstruction Published at Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery. Vol. 118, No5, 2006, P. 1079-1086 Background：The purpose of this study was to compare the local recurrence and distant metastasis of postmastectomy radiotherapy （PMRT）for breast cancer patients with and without immediate transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap reconstruction. Methods：Between March of 1997 and October of 2001, 191 breast cancer patients received postmastectomy radiotherapy（PMRT）: 82 patients had TRAM flap reconstruction (TRAM flap group) and 109 patients did not (non-TRAM flap group). The mean radiation dose to the chest wall or entire TRAM flap, axillary area, and lower neck was 50 Gy (range, 48 to 54 Gy). The median follow-up period was 40 months. Results：The percentages of chest wall recurrence were 3.7 percent (three of 82) in the TRAM flap group and 1.8 percent (two of 109) in the non-TRAM flap group (p = 0.653). The percentages of distant metastases were 12.2 percent (10 of 82) in the TRAM group and 15.6 percent (17 of 109) for the non-TRAM group (p = 0.67). The percentages of acute radiation dermatitis according to Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring criteria (TRAM flap group versus non-TRAM flap group) were as follows: grade I, 74 of 82 (90 percent) versus 93 of 109 (85 percent); grade II, seven of 82 (9 percent) versus 13 of 109 (12 percent); grade III, one of 82 (1 percent) versus three of 109 (3 percent) (p = 0.558). In the TRAM flap group, the increased percentage of fat necrosis was 8 percent. No flap loss was detected. Conclusions：There were no significant differences in the incidences of complication, locoregional recurrence, and distant metastasis between the TRAM flap and non-TRAM flap patients. The authors’ results suggest that immediate TRAM flap reconstruction can be considered a feasible treatment for breast cancer patients requiring postmastectomy radiotherapy （PMRT）.