Journal articles: 'Radiation adaptative'

1

Brignoli, Paolo Marcello. "Phylogenèse et radiation adaptative des Araneae." Bolletino di zoologia 53, no. 3 (January 1986): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250008609355511.

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Ali, MA, S. Sakurai, and SP Collin. "Adaptative Radiation of the Retina in Galaxiidae (Salmoniformes)." Australian Journal of Zoology 38, no. 2 (1990): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9900173.

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The retinas of seven galaxiid species collected from different habitats in Tasmania were investigated by light microscopy. There are remarkable differences between Galaxias and Paragalaxias species. The retinas of Galaxias species are characterised by a less dense retinal epithelial pigment (REP), large numbers of short and long rods, the presence of a tapetum, and stable (non-responsive) single cones in dark-adapted specimens. On the other hand, the common retinal features in Paragalaxias species include few large rods and many cones, the presence of a tapetum, lower summation and a pattern of retinomotor responses not unlike that of most other teleosts. There is no striking retinal feature that could be related to differences in their clear or turbid habitats. In spite of its probably being nocturnal, the retinal structure of P. dissimilis is basically similar to that of other diurnal Paragalaxias species. Some of the ecological constraints placed upon these species are also discussed.

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Kang, Tae-Hong. "Circadian Rhythm of NER and ATR Pathways." Biomolecules 11, no. 5 (May 11, 2021): 715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11050715.

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Genomic integrity is constantly insulted by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Adaptative cellular mechanisms called DNA damage responses comprising DNA repair, cell cycle checkpoint, and apoptosis, are believed to be evolved to limit genomic instability according to the photoperiod during a day. As seen in many other key cellular metabolisms, genome surveillance mechanisms against genotoxic UV radiation are under the control of circadian clock systems, thereby exhibiting daily oscillations in their catalytic activities. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that nucleotide excision repair (NER), the sole DNA repair mechanism correcting UV-induced DNA photolesions, and ataxia–telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related (ATR)-mediated cell cycle checkpoint kinase are subjected to the robust control of the circadian clock. The molecular foundation for the circadian rhythm of UV-induced DNA damage responses in mammalian cells will be discussed.

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Moreno, P., A. Lazo, J. Gomez Oliveras, D. Rivas, J. Begara, A. Serradilla, R. Jimenez, et al. "REIRRADIATION WITH DYNAMIC ADAPTATIVE RADIATION THERAPY (DART) AND IMAGE GUIDED TECHNIQUE (IGRT) IN HEAD AND NECK TUMORS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 98 (March 2011): S24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(11)71760-1.

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Vianey-Liaud, Monique, and Laurent Marivaux. "Autopsie d’une radiation adaptative: Phylogénie des Theridomorpha, rongeurs endémiques du Paléogène d’Europe - histoire, dynamique évolutive et intérêt biochronologique." Palaeovertebrata 40, no. 3 (December 15, 2016): e1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18563/pv.40.3.e1.

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Guerrero Delgado, MCarmen, Daniel Castro Medina, Jose Sánchez Ramos, Teresa Rocío Palomo Amores, Servando Álvarez Domínguez, and José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. "Adaptative Cover to Achieve Thermal Comfort in Open Spaces of Buildings: Experimental Assessment and Modelling." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 29, 2021): 7998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177998.

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The global need for healthy and safe open spaces faces continuous temperature rise due to the heat island phenomenon and climate change. This problem requires new strategies for improving the habitability of open spaces (indoor and outdoor conditions in buildings). These techniques include reducing solar radiation, reducing the temperature of surrounding surfaces, and reducing the air temperature. The radiant solutions are essential for outdoor comfort, both in summer and in winter. They are easy to integrate into open spaces. This study explores a new concept of radiant solutions adapted for outdoor spaces. The solution was evaluated in a test cell to obtain its thermal behaviour in different operation conditions. Solutions were optimised for operating in a cooling regimen since it has been identified that the demands for comfort in open spaces in hot climates during the most severe summer months are more pronounced. Experimental results have allowed getting an inverse model to analyse the thermal behaviour of the solution. The inverse model achieved high precision in its estimations. Also, it facilitated knowing the radiant and convective effects. Only the radiant heat flux is relevant in open spaces with a low level of air confinement. Finally, the discussion describes the application of the proposed model. The model allows the replicability of the solution—creating new designs (integration) or evaluating into different operating conditions of the system. This discussion demonstrates the high level of knowledge acquired in the characterisation of the solution studied.

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Casner, Alexis, and Jean-Pierre Delville. "Adaptative lensing driven by the radiation pressure of a continuous-wave laser wave upon a near-critical liquid–liquid interface." Optics Letters 26, no. 18 (September 15, 2001): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.26.001418.

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Fauchereau, N., S. Sinclair, and G. Pegram. "2-D Empirical Mode Decomposition on the sphere, application to the spatial scales of surface temperature variations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 1 (February 15, 2008): 405–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-405-2008.

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Abstract. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is applied here in two dimensions over the sphere to demonstrate its potential as a data-driven method of separating the different scales of spatial variability in a geophysical (climatological/meteorological) field. After a brief description of the basics of the EMD in 1 then 2 dimensions, the principles of its application on the sphere are explained, in particular via the use of a zonal equal area partitioning. The EMD is first applied to a artificial dataset, demonstrating its capability in extracting the different (known) scales embedded in the field. The decomposition is then applied to a global mean surface temperature dataset, and we show qualitatively that it extracts successively larger scales of temperature variations related for example to the topographic and large-scale, solar radiation forcing. We propose that EMD can be used as a global data-adaptative filter, which will be useful in analyzing geophysical phenomena that arise as the result of forcings at multiple spatial scales.

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Eguiarte, Luis E., and Juan Núñez-Farfán. "Una nueva síntesis evolutiva: El regreso de la competencia y la adaptación. Reseña del libro: The Ecology of Adaptative Radiation. Schluter, D. (ed.)." Botanical Sciences, no. 70 (May 31, 2017): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1658.

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Martinaud, G., M. Billaudelle, and J. Moreau. "Circadian variation in shedding of the oocysts of Isospora turdi (Apicomplexa) in blackbirds (Turdus merula): An adaptative trait against desiccation and ultraviolet radiation." International Journal for Parasitology 39, no. 6 (May 2009): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.11.006.

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Knott, Danielle R. "Appropriate abdominal imaging for the emergency department patient." Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) 51, no. 1 (February 4, 2021): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/pnsis.v51i1.10738.

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Abdominal x-ray series (AXR) and abdominal CT scans (ACT) are commonly performed to aid in the diagnosis for patients who present to the emergency room with abdominal pain. Patients commonly receive both an AXR and ACT, due to a lack of knowledge regarding imaging appropriateness among healthcare professionals who order these exams. A primary simple retrospective data-analysis was performed to understand the prevalence of how often both exams were ordered in three Nova Scotia emergency departments. A literature review was also conducted to compare the diagnostic accuracy of each diagnostic imaging modality. Several articles showed that patients who have an AXR also have an ACT that demonstrates an abnormal finding. Emergency department physicians are not reassured when abdominal x-rays are negative and do not show abnormal findings, and as a result, a CT scan is also performed. Radiation dose must be considered when ordering multiple diagnostic imaging exams. A low-dose CT (LDCT) can be used to reduce the radiation exposure to the patient, while maintaining high diagnostic quality images. Image quality can be enhanced at a reduced radiation dose by using an image reconstruction technique such as adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR). Understanding the most appropriate abdominal imaging modality for emergency department patients allows for fewer examinations being ordered and a reduction of radiation dose to the patient. When the most appropriate imaging is performed, a definitive diagnosis can be made and the best treatment can be provided to patients. This information can help to create an imaging appropriateness protocol for emergency departments.Additional research can help determine the cost differences between the two exams and the influence a protocol change could have on the emergency and diagnostic imaging departments.Keywords: AXR – Abdominal x-ray series, ACT – Abdominal computed tomography scan, CT – Computed tomography, SDCT – Standard-dose CT, LDCT – Low-dose CT, ASIR – Adaptative statistical iterative reconstruction FBP – Filtered back projection, CTDIvol – Volume computed tomography dose index

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Liu, Yang, Feresheeh Jafari, and Haiyang Wang. "Integration of light and hormone signaling pathways in the regulation of plant shade avoidance syndrome." aBIOTECH 2, no. 2 (April 26, 2021): 131–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42994-021-00038-1.

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AbstractAs sessile organisms, plants are unable to move or escape from their neighboring competitors under high-density planting conditions. Instead, they have evolved the ability to sense changes in light quantity and quality (such as a reduction in photoactive radiation and drop in red/far-red light ratios) and evoke a suite of adaptative responses (such as stem elongation, reduced branching, hyponastic leaf orientation, early flowering and accelerated senescence) collectively termed shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). Over the past few decades, much progress has been made in identifying the various photoreceptor systems and light signaling components implicated in regulating SAS, and in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms, based on extensive molecular genetic studies with the model dicotyledonous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, an emerging synthesis of the field is that light signaling integrates with the signaling pathways of various phytohormones to coordinately regulate different aspects of SAS. In this review, we present a brief summary of the various cross-talks between light and hormone signaling in regulating SAS. We also present a perspective of manipulating SAS to tailor crop architecture for breeding high-density tolerant crop cultivars.

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Rodríguez Vidal, Iñigo, Jorge Otaegi, and Xabat Oregi. "Thermal Comfort in NZEB Collective Housing in Northern Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 18, 2020): 9630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229630.

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European Building Codes have transitioned towards Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB) requirements in new constructions, demanding high levels of insulation and airtightness derived from research and standards developed in Northern and Central Europe. The use of these principles in Southern Europe, where solar radiation is greater and building typologies and user behaviour are different, may have had a negative impact in Thermal Comfort and Energy Demand and Consumption. In this study, six dwellings located in a 2018 27-storey Passivhaus-certified building were monitored for a period of 9–18 months in 2019 and 2020. In the spirit of a complete Post-Occupancy Evaluation, a User Comfort Survey was carried out. The obtained data were analysed and fixed-limit and adaptative comfort models were used to assess the compliance of several European Comfort Standards, namely, EN ISO 7730, EN 15251, CIBSE TM:52, CIBSE TM:59 and CIBSE Guide A. Experimental results confirmed the issues reported by occupants in the Comfort Survey, making evident a severe overheating problem which we were able to quantify. In addition to presenting the obtained data and its analysis, this paper discusses the plausible causes and health-related implications of excess heat in NZEB Housing in the Northern Spanish climate.

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Bels, Vincent L., Charles Brillet, and Véronique Delheusy. "Etude cinématique de la prise de nourriture chez Eublepharis macularius (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) et comparaison au sein des geckos." Amphibia-Reptilia 16, no. 2 (1995): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853895x00361.

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AbstractL'étude cinématique des diverses phases de la prise de nourriture (capture, réduction, transport et léchage) a été réalisée chez le lézard Gekkonidae Eublepharis macularius grâce à des films tournés à 64 images par seconde. Les profils cinématiques des différentes phases et la comparaison des variables cinématiques décrivant les déplacements maxima des machoires et de la proie, et les durées de ces déplacements au cours des phases successives de la prise de nourriture sont présentés. Une premiere analyse de variance a été utilisée afin de tester 1'effet des facteurs individus et phases ainsi que leur interaction sur les variables cinématiques. Une seconde a permis de tester le facteur espèce sur les variables cinématiques des mouvements des mâchoires entre deux Gekkonidae occupant des niches écologiques différentes: E. macularius (terrestre) et Phetsuma madagascariensis (arboricole). Les effets de la radiation adaptative sur les propriétés cinématiques des mouvements de la tête, des machoires et de la langue au sein des Gekkonidae et des Scleroglossa sont discutés à partir de ces résultats. En conclusion, (1) le profil des différentes phases de la prise de nourriture est semblable pour les Scleroglossa étudiés, mais 1égèrement différent de celui des Iguania (presence d'un plateau appelé SOII dans le profil d'ouverture-fermeture de la gueule au cours des cycles de transport chez les Scleroglossa, p. ex.), (2) les caractéristiques morphométriques des pièces buccales permettent d'expliquer des différences entre les valeurs des variables cinéma- tiques pour chaque espèce.

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Tugay, T. I., and A. V. Tugay. "Adaptation of Microfungi to Chronic Ionizing Radiation. New Facts and Hypotheses." Mikrobiolohichnyi Zhurnal 79, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj79.01.076.

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Cisterna-Osorio, Pedro, Sergio Quijada-Vera, Daniela Ruiz-Duran, Rodrigo Peirano-Cuevas, and Pamela Ortiz-Briones. "First Results: Innovative Solar Disinfection Technology for Treated Wastewater that Integrates Materiality, Geometry, and Reflective Panels." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 6523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186523.

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Climate change is having drastic consequences in Chile. The lack of water in various regions is causing environmental impacts on ecosystems, including the decrease in the productive activities of rural economies and the deterioration in the quality of life of the inhabitants that occupy the affected physical spaces. In this paper, we propose a sustainable, low-cost treatment of wastewater and its reuse as an adaptation and mitigation policy, patented in 2019, that consists of a wastewater disinfection system based on solar energy. This system can work in both continuous and discontinuous modes. The water passes through a canal of reflective material in the continuous regime, and in the batch regime, the water remains in the canal. The panels are located parallel to the lateral faces of the canal. These panels concentrate the radiation in the canal through reflection. The trapezoidal geometry of the disinfectant canal deflects the radiation and reflects in the direction of the front walls of the canal, radiating what is returned and vice versa. The fraction of the radiation reflected outside the canal reaches the reflective side panels that return the radiation to the canal. The synergy of these three considerations increases the radiation in the canal area, augmenting the elimination of the bacterial load. In the trapezoidal reflective canal without panels, only 5% of the measured radiation exceeded the atmospheric radiation, eliminating 83% of the coliforms. The incorporation of panels surpassed the atmospheric radiation over 36% of the measured radiations, and the removal of coliforms exceeded 99.7%.

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Supelnyak, S. I., and V. G. Kosushkin. "Numerical simulation and LEDs adaptation for grow lamp." Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii. Materialy Elektronnoi Tekhniki = Materials of Electronics Engineering 20, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/1609-3577-2017-2-115-121.

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Solid−state lighting technology based on LEDs offers ample opportunities in plant lighting. This article presents a prototype of a solid−state lamp based on InGaN LEDs with radiation peaks of 440, 460, 530 and AlInGaP with radiation peaks at 590, 630 and 660 nm, equipped with a source of stabilized current and an optimized radiator. The emission spectrum of the LED illuminator is the result of numerical simulation using an experimentally obtained absorption spectrum of a leaf of a plant. The effect of using LEDs was compared to the effect of a sodium tubular lamp. Evaluation of the results of biometric measurements that were made throughout the experiment showed the possibility of the effect of the spectrum of the proposed LED illuminator on plant growth.

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Martin, Christopher H., and Emilie J. Richards. "The Paradox Behind the Pattern of Rapid Adaptive Radiation: How Can the Speciation Process Sustain Itself Through an Early Burst?" Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 50, no. 1 (November 2, 2019): 569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-110617-062443.

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Rapid adaptive radiation poses two distinct questions apart from speciation and adaptation: What happens after one speciation event and how do some lineages continue speciating through a rapid burst? We review major features of rapid radiations and their mismatch with theoretical models and speciation mechanisms. The paradox is that the hallmark rapid burst pattern of adaptive radiation is contradicted by most speciation models, which predict continuously decelerating diversification and niche subdivision. Furthermore, it is unclear if and how speciation-promoting mechanisms such as magic traits, phenotype matching, and physical linkage of coadapted alleles promote rapid bursts of speciation. We review additional mechanisms beyond ecological opportunity to explain rapid radiations: ( a) ancient adaptive alleles and the transporter hypothesis, ( b) sexual signal complexity, ( c) fitness landscape connectivity, ( d) diversity begets diversity, and ( e) plasticity first. We propose new questions and predictions connecting microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns through the study of rapid radiations.

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Kannaujiya, Vinod K., Akhlaqur Rahman, Adinath, Arun S. Sonker, Jainendra Pathak, Rajneesh, Shanthy Sundaram, and Rajeshwar P. Sinha. "Cumulative Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Photosyntheically Active Radiation on Phycobiliproteins of A Hot-Spring Cyanobacatrium Nostoc sp. strain HKAR-2." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 4, no. 3 (September 26, 2016): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v4i3.15595.

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Cyanobacteria are cosmopolitan in distribution and have adapted to diverse habitats. Adaptation of cyanobacteria is one of the key factors to withstand harsh environmental conditions. We have investigated the effects of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; 400–700 nm), ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280–315 nm) radiation and PAR+UV-B radiations on phycobiliproteins (PBPs) of a hot-spring cyanobacterium Nostoc sp. HKAR-2. There was a continuous induction of both phycoerythrin (PE) and phycocyanin (PC) after exposure of PAR up to 300 min. However, there was an induction in the synthesis of both PE and PC up to 240 min exposure of UV-B and PAR+UV-B radiations. Further exposure showed decline in the synthesis due to rapid uncoupling, bleaching and degradation of PBPs. Similarly, emission fluorescence also showed an induction with a shift towards longer wavelengths after 240 min of UV-B and PAR+UV-B exposure. These results indicate that short duration of UV radiation may promote the synthesis of PBPs that can be utilized in various biotechnological and biomedical applications. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(3): 247-253

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AHMED, Mukhtar, and Fayyaz-ul HASSAN. "Cumulative Effect of Temperature and Solar Radiation on Wheat Yield." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 39, no. 2 (November 21, 2011): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha3925406.

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The impact of temperature and solar radiations were studied as determinant factor for spring wheat grain yield. The data obtained at anthesis and maturity for grain number (GN), grain weight (GW) and grain yield (Y) were examined with mean temperature at anthesis (T1) and maturity (T2), solar radiation at anthesis (SR1) and maturity (SR2) and photothermal quotient (PTQ) at anthesis (PTQ1) and maturity (PTQ2). The data obtained was subjected to Statistica 8 software and scatter plot regression model was developed at 95% confidence interval with crop data and climate variables (T1, T2, SR1, SR2, PTQ1 and PTQ2). Results clearly indicated that yield remained directly proportional to solar radiation and temperature plus solar radiation (PTQ) while inversely to temperature under optimum other environmental resources. Direct relationship between PTQ and yield parameters confirmed that it determined crop yield and its management for variable environmental conditions need to be opted by adopting suitable sowing time as an adaptation strategy under changing climate.

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Herder, Fabian, Arne W. Nolte, Jobst Pfaender, Julia Schwarzer, Renny K. Hadiaty, and Ulrich K. Schliewen. "Adaptive radiation and hybridization in Wallace's Dreamponds: evidence from sailfin silversides in the Malili Lakes of Sulawesi." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1598 (June 22, 2006): 2209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3558.

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Adaptive radiations are extremely useful to understand factors driving speciation. A challenge in speciation research is to distinguish forces creating novelties and those relevant to divergence and adaptation. Recently, hybridization has regained major interest as a potential force leading to functional novelty and to the genesis of new species. Here, we show that introgressive hybridization is a prominent phenomenon in the radiation of sailfin silversides (Teleostei: Atheriniformes: Telmatherinidae) inhabiting the ancient Malili Lakes of Sulawesi, correlating conspicuously with patterns of increased diversity. We found the most diverse lacustrine species-group of the radiation to be heavily introgressed by genotypes originating from streams of the lake system, an effect that has masked the primary phylogenetic pattern of the flock. We conclude that hybridization could have acted as a key factor in the generation of the flock's spectacular diversity. To our knowledge, this is the first empirical evidence for massive reticulate evolution within a complex animal radiation.

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Matuszak, Martha M., Rojano Kashani, Michael Green, Choonik Lee, Yue Cao, Dawn Owen, Shruti Jolly, and Michelle Mierzwa. "Functional Adaptation in Radiation Therapy." Seminars in Radiation Oncology 29, no. 3 (July 2019): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2019.02.006.

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Gunár, S., P. Schwartz, J. Koza, and P. Heinzel. "Quiet-Sun hydrogen Lyman-α line profile derived from SOHO/SUMER solar-disk observations." Astronomy & Astrophysics 644 (December 2020): A109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039348.

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Context. The solar radiation in the Lyman-α spectral line of hydrogen plays a significant role in the illumination of chromospheric and coronal structures, such as prominences, spicules, chromospheric fibrils, cores of coronal mass ejections, and solar wind. Moreover, it is important for the investigation of the heliosphere, Earth’s ionosphere, and the atmospheres of planets, moons, and comets. Aims. We derive a reference quiet-Sun Lyman-α spectral profile that is representative of the Lyman-α radiation from the solar disk during a minimum of solar activity. This profile can serve as an incident radiation boundary condition for the radiative transfer modelling of chromospheric and coronal structures. Because the solar radiation in the Lyman lines is not constant over time but varies significantly with the solar cycle, we provide a method for the adaptation of the incident radiation Lyman line profiles (Lyman-α and higher lines) to a specific date. Moreover, we analyse how the change in the incident radiation influences the synthetic spectra produced by the radiative transfer modelling. Methods. We used SOHO/SUMER Lyman-α raster scans obtained without the use of the attenuator in various quiet-Sun regions on the solar disk. The observations were performed on three consecutive days (June 24, 25, and 26, 2008) during a period of minimum solar activity. The reference Lyman-α profile was obtained as a spatial average over eight available raster scans. To take into account the Lyman-α variation with the solar cycle, we used the LISIRD composite Lyman-α index. To estimate the influence of the change in the incident radiation in the Lyman lines on the results of radiative transfer models, we used a 2D prominence fine structure model. Results. We present the reference quiet-Sun Lyman-α profile and a table of coefficients describing the variation of the Lyman lines with the solar cycle throughout the lifetime of SOHO. The analysis of the influence of the change in the incident radiation shows that the synthetic spectra are strongly affected by the modification of the incident radiation boundary condition. The most pronounced impact is on the central and integrated intensities of the Lyman lines. There, the change in the synthetic spectra can often have the same amplitude as the change in the incident radiation itself. The impact on the specific intensities in the peaks of reversed Lyman-line profiles is smaller but still significant. The hydrogen Hα line can also be considerably affected, despite the fact that the Hα radiation from the solar disk does not vary with the solar cycle.

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Albert, James S., Victor A. Tagliacollo, and Fernando Dagosta. "Diversification of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes." Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 51, no. 1 (November 2, 2020): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-011620-031032.

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Neotropical freshwater fishes (NFFs) constitute the most diverse continental vertebrate fauna on Earth, with more than 6,200 named species compressed into an aquatic footprint <0.5% of the total regional land-surface area and representing the greatest phenotypic disparity and functional diversity of any continental ichthyofauna. Data from the fossil record and time-calibrated molecular phylogenies indicate that most higher taxa (e.g., genera, families) diversified relatively continuously through the Cenozoic, across broad geographic ranges of the South American platform. Biodiversity data for most NFF clades support a model of continental radiation rather than adaptive radiation, in which speciation occurs mainly in allopatry, and speciation and adaptation are largely decoupled. These radiations occurred under the perennial influence of river capture and sea-level oscillations, which episodically fragmented and merged portions of adjacent river networks. The future of the NFF fauna into the Anthropocene is uncertain, facing numerous threats at local, regional, and continental scales.

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Gleeson, Emily, Velle Toll, Kristian Pagh Nielsen, Laura Rontu, and Ján Mašek. "Effects of aerosols on clear-sky solar radiation in the ALADIN-HIRLAM NWP system." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 9 (May 17, 2016): 5933–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5933-2016.

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Abstract. The direct shortwave radiative effect of aerosols under clear-sky conditions in the Aire Limitee Adaptation dynamique Developpement InterNational – High Resolution Limited Area Model (ALADIN-HIRLAM) numerical weather prediction system was investigated using three shortwave radiation schemes in diagnostic single-column experiments: the Integrated Forecast System (IFS), acraneb2 and the hlradia radiation schemes. The multi-band IFS scheme was formerly used operationally by the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) whereas hlradia and acraneb2 are broadband schemes. The former is a new version of the HIRLAM radiation scheme while acraneb2 is the radiation scheme in the ALARO-1 physics package. The aim was to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) system regarding aerosols and to prepare it for use of real-time aerosol information. The experiments were run with particular focus on the August 2010 Russian wildfire case. Each of the three radiation schemes accurately (within ±4 % at midday) simulates the direct shortwave aerosol effect when observed aerosol optical properties are used. When the aerosols were excluded from the simulations, errors of more than +15 % in global shortwave irradiance were found at midday, with the error reduced to +10 % when standard climatological aerosols were used. An error of −11 % was seen at midday if only observed aerosol optical depths at 550 nm, and not observation-based spectral dependence of aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedos and asymmetry factors, were included in the simulations. This demonstrates the importance of using the correct aerosol optical properties. The dependency of the direct radiative effect of aerosols on relative humidity was tested and shown to be within ±6 % in this case. By modifying the assumptions about the shape of the IFS climatological vertical aerosol profile, the inherent uncertainties associated with assuming fixed vertical profiles were investigated. The shortwave heating rates in the boundary layer changed by up to a factor of 2 in response to the aerosol vertical distribution without changing the total aerosol optical depth. Finally, we tested the radiative transfer approximations used in the three radiation schemes for typical aerosol optical properties compared to the accurate DISORT model. These approximations are found to be accurate to within ±13 % even for large aerosol loads.

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RIGAUD, O. "Réponse adaptative aux radiations ionisantes des cellules humaines." Radioprotection 28, no. 1 (January 1993): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/1993030.

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Marler, Thomas E., and Patrick D. Lawton. "Error in Interpreting Field Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measurements: Heat Gain from Solar Radiation." HortScience 29, no. 10 (October 1994): 1172–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.10.1172.

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Temperature and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics were determined on leaves of various horticultural species following a dark adaptation period where dark adaptation cuvettes were shielded from or exposed to solar radiation. In one study, temperature of Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq. leaflets within cuvettes increased from ≈36C to ≈50C during a 30-minute exposure to solar radiation. Alternatively, when the leaflets and cuvettes were shielded from solar radiation, leaflet temperature declined to 33C in 10 to 15 minutes. In a second study, 16 horticultural species exhibited a lower variable: maximum fluorescence (Fv: Fm) when cuvettes were exposed to solar radiation during the 30-minute dark adaptation than when cuvettes were shielded. In a third study with S. mahagoni, the influence of self-shielding the cuvettes by wrapping them with white tape, white paper, or aluminum foil on temperature and fluorescence was compared to exposing or shielding the entire leaflet and cuvette. All of the shielding methods reduced leaflet temperature and increased the Fv: Fm ratio compared to leaving cuvettes exposed. These results indicate that heat stress from direct exposure to solar radiation is a potential source of error when interpreting chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on intact leaves. Methods for moderating or minimizing radiation interception during dark adaptation are recommended.

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Lamotte, Maxime. "Radiations adaptatives chez les amphibiens anoures actuels." Bolletino di zoologia 53, no. 3 (January 1986): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250008609355513.

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David, Bruno, Rich Mooi, Didier Néraudeau, Thomas Saucede, and Loïc Villier. "Évolution et radiations adaptatives chez les échinides." Comptes Rendus Palevol 8, no. 2-3 (March 2009): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2008.09.001.

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Troost, E. G. C., D. Thorwarth, and W. J. G. Oyen. "Imaging-Based Treatment Adaptation in Radiation Oncology." Journal of Nuclear Medicine 56, no. 12 (October 1, 2015): 1922–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.162529.

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GITTENBERGER, E. "Radiation and adaptation, evolutionary biology and semantics." Organisms Diversity & Evolution 4, no. 3 (September 2004): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2004.04.002.

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Kapralov, Maxim V., Antonina A. Votintseva, and Dmitry A. Filatov. "Molecular Adaptation during a Rapid Adaptive Radiation." Molecular Biology and Evolution 30, no. 5 (January 25, 2013): 1051–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst013.

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Voje, K. L., A. B. Mazzarella, T. F. Hansen, K. Østbye, T. Klepaker, A. Bass, A. Herland, K. M. Baerum, F. Gregersen, and L. A. Vøllestad. "Adaptation and constraint in a stickleback radiation." Journal of Evolutionary Biology 26, no. 11 (October 1, 2013): 2396–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeb.12240.

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Zhou, Zeng, Qinli Deng, Guang Yang, and Yaolin Lin. "Quantitative Study of Using Piloti for Passive Climate Adaptability in a Hot-Summer and Cold-Winter City in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 9, 2018): 2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102202.

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There has been an insufficient study of passive climate adaptability that considers both the summer and winter season for the outdoor thermal environment of hot-summer and cold-winter cities. In this study, we performed a quantitative simulation to research the passive climate adaptability of a residential area, considering piloti as the main method for climate adaptation in a hot-summer and cold-winter city in China. Numerical simulations were performed with a coupled simulation method of convection, radiation, and conduction. A cubic non-linear k–ε model proposed by Craft et al. was selected as the turbulence model and three-dimensional multi-reflections of shortwave and longwave radiations were considered in the radiation simulation. Through the simulation, we found that setting the piloti at the two ends of the building was the optimal piloti arrangement for climate adaptation. Then the relationship between the piloti ratio (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%) and the outdoor thermal environment was studied. It could be concluded that with the increasing piloti ratio, the wind velocity increased, the mean radiant temperature (MRT) decreased slightly, and the average standard effective temperature (SET*) decreased to 3.6 °C in summer, while in winter, with the increasing piloti ratio, the wind velocity, MRT, and SET* changed slightly. The wind environment significantly affected the SET* value, and the piloti ratio should be between 12% and 38% to avoid wind-induced discomfort.

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Ding, Jingyun, Lingling Zhang, Jiangnan Sun, Dongtao Shi, Xiaomei Chi, Mingfang Yang, Yaqing Chang, and Chong Zhao. "Transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on egg size, fertilization, hatching and larval size of sea urchins Strongylocentrotus intermedius." PeerJ 7 (August 26, 2019): e7598. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7598.

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Transgenerational effects are important for phenotypic plasticity and adaptation of marine invertebrates in the changing ocean. Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation is an increasing threat to marine invertebrates. For the first time, we reported positive and negative transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on egg size, fertilization, hatchability and larval size of a marine invertebrate. Strongylocentrotus intermedius exposed to UV-B radiation showed positive transgenerational effects and adaptation on egg size, hatching rate and post-oral arm length of larvae. Negative transgenerational effects were found in body length, stomach length and stomach width of larvae whose parents were exposed to UV-B radiation. Sires probably play important roles in transgenerational effects of UV-B. The present study provides valuable information into transgenerational effects of UV-B radiation on fitness related traits of sea urchins (at least Strongylocentrotus intermedius).

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Costa, P. M., F. Carrapiço, A. P. Alves de Matos, and M. H. Costa. "A microscopical study of the “chlorophylloid” pigment cells of the marine polychaete Eulalia viridis (L.)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 19, S4 (August 2013): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192761300069x.

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Animal skin pigments, often of undisclosed biochemical nature, have many functions besides signalling and camouflage: they also play a protective role against environmental stressors, from radiation and oxidative stress–inducers to predators and parasites. Most pigments are not fully synthetized by animals but rather acquired from vegetable feed and often biotransformed. These intriguing pigments called the attention of researchers in the past, such as the awkward green “chlorophylloid” pigments of the marine invertebrate Bonellia, first described in the 19th century. For decades, however, research has come to a stand–still. The marine annelid Eulalia viridis (Phyllodocidae: Polychaeta), although common throughout NW Europe, has so far received little attention to the origin and function of its bright green colouration. In fact, with the exception of part of its digestive system even the basic histological description of this animal is absent, as for marine annelids in general.Adult wild E. viridis were subjected to a comprehensive microscopy study employing several fixation and staining techniques for bright–field (BF), transmission electron (TEM) and UV–epifluorescence microscopy in order to disclose the pigment cells’ microanatomy and arrangement and to infer the potential origin of the pigments. Stains for bright–field microscopy included Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Alcian Blue–Periodic Acid/Schiff’s–Haematoxylin (AB–PAS–H) and Bronner’s Sudan Black. Samples were either embedded in paraffin (BF and UV microscopy) or LR White resin (BF and TEM).The high complexity of the animals’ integument was confirmed, in accordance to the scarcely known polychaete microanatomy. The green colouration is chiefly caused by the presence of specialized skin cells containing minute pigment vesicles (Fig. 1A). These pigment cells are compressed between multiple types of skin cells and possess microvilli that protrude through the integument’s polysaccharide–based cuticle. The vesicles themselves appear attached to the cells’ tonofilaments (Fig. 1B). The vesicles are densely packed within pigment cells (Fig. 2A) and are not fluorescent, which should exclude the existence of active chlorophyll within (Fig. 2B). From this data is may be inferred that the pigments are chlorophyll–derived substances (chlorins/pheophorbides), similar to what was observed in the polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus. Oddly enough, while the latter is a filter–feeder, thus able to sequester microalgae from the water column, E. viridis is a foraging scavenger that feeds mostly on the flesh of other invertebrates. Furthermore, the animal inhabits nude rocky shores and not algal beds where its green colour would be a clear advantage, which renders further intriguing the adaptative value of this feature, however, due to some known biocidal properties of these pigments; defence should not be overruled.P.M. Costa acknowledges the Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) for the grant SFRH/BPD/72564/2010. The authors also thank L. Ascensão (FCUL) for the important assistance.

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Abolade, Jeremiah O., Dominic B. O. Konditi, and Vasant M. Dharmadhikary. "Compact Vitis vinifera-Inspired Ultrawideband Antenna for High-Speed Communications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (May 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9975884.

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A new compact ultrawideband (UWB) bioinspired antenna is presented in this work. The proposed antenna consists of a vine leaf (Vitis vinifera) shape as the radiating patch, defected ground structure (DGS), and a vertical rectangular slot (VRS) on the ground plane. The vine leaf shape is realized from a circular patch (initiator) in this work. The proposed antenna is built on an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4, a loss tangent of 0.02, and a thickness of 1.5 mm. The total dimension of the proposed bioinspired antenna is 35 × 27.6 mm2. The proposed antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 115.43% (3.7 GHz–13.8 GHz) at 10 dB return loss, a radiation efficiency between 78% and 97%, a peak gain of 6.7 dB, and a stable radiation pattern. The contributions of this work to the existing literature are as follows: (i) the investigation of a vine leaf shape for UWB antenna application; (ii) the adaptation of the conventional monopole patch antenna design equation to determine the lower edge frequency (LEF) of an arbitrary shape monopole antenna; (iii) the presentation of a compact UWB antenna with high fractional bandwidth compared with recent works in the literature, and (iv) the use of FR4 substrate to achieve a peak radiation efficiency of 97% with a compact structure.

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Metlyaeva, Nelya, M. Lartsev, A. Bushmanov, I. Galstyan, L. Ryabinina, M. Sukhova, E. Skorobogatykh, A. Kirilchev, O. Shcherbatykh, and F. Torubarov. "Psychophysiological Aspects in the Clinical Picture of Disease in Patients Who Received Local Radiation Injury." Medical Radiology and radiation safety 66, no. 3 (July 20, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-3-13-18.

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Purpose: To evaluate in dynamics the psychophysiological adaptation of a patient who received local radiation damage to the tissues of the left half of the chest IV (extremely severe) severity (23 years of observation). Material and methods: Patient KTS, 66 years old, as the main diagnosis are the effects of local radiation damage to the skin and underlying tissues of the left half of the chest from external radiation (about 3 % of body surface area) IV extremely severe. Before receiving a radiation injury, she was able-bodied and socially adapted, worked as a nurse. In 1996, she was diagnosed with stage I left breast cancer T1N0M0 stage I, in connection with which she underwent a sectoral resection of the mammary gland. Then the patient underwent a course of radiation therapy. By retrospective assessment, the total dose of therapeutic effect before the incident was 10 Gy. At the time of the next session of radiation therapy in connection with the breakdown of the apparatus, a sharp uncontrolled increase in the dose of ionizing radiation (more than 100 Gy) occurred, causing serious injury. The patient was admitted to the Institute of Biophysics Clinic on the 5th day. Psychophysiological research was carried out with the use of automated software and methodic complex «Expert», designed to study the personal characteristics of a person, cognitive and intellectual personality characteristics in 2001 – 2017 years. Results: The effects of local radiation damage to the skin and underlying tissues of the left half of the chest from external irradiation of IV (extremely severe) degree in the form of cicatricial-atrophic changes of the soft tissues, with no bone skeleton remain. Disorders of mental adaptation are expressed in the form of senesto-hypochondria disorders, autism of perception, demonstrativeness, apathetic depression and introversion. The most profound contribution to the reduction of the adaptation of the victim is brought about by the features of deep internal disharmony caused by contradictory combinations of demonstrativeness, schizoid traits, anxious depression and affective rigidity. Conclusion: The data obtained indicate that impaired mental adaptation is an integral part of the clinical picture of local radiation injuries, and reveal the urgent need not only of specific treatment of radiation injury, but also of psychotropic pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.

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Volkova, E., T. Vetlugina, M. Aksenov, and L. Yakutyonok. "Mechanisms of immunological adaptation to post-radiation stress." Pathophysiology 5 (June 1998): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-4680(98)80925-5.

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40

Weisman, N. Ya, V. I. Fedorov, and E. F. Nemova. "Terahertz radiation improves adaptation characteristics in Drosophila melanogaster." Contemporary Problems of Ecology 8, no. 2 (March 2015): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s199542551502016x.

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Miner, Benjamin G., Steven G. Morgan, and Jennifer R. Hoffman. "Postlarval chromatophores as an adaptation to ultraviolet radiation." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 249, no. 2 (June 2000): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0981(00)00201-x.

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42

Wolff, Sheldon. "Is Radiation All Bad? The Search for Adaptation." Radiation Research 131, no. 2 (August 1992): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3578431.

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Ilderbayev, Oralbek Z., Sergey V. Kashanskiy, Laura Ye Chulenbayeva, Masygut R. Mynzhanov, and Gulzhan O. Ilderbayeva. "Disorders of immune state parameters and lipid peroxidation under experimental exposure to radiation." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 11 (February 18, 2019): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-11-16-21.

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The article presents experimental data on the impact of high dose gamma-radiation exposure (6 Gy) on immune system, lipid oxidation products (LOPs) and antioxidant defense system (AODS) enzymes activity. The study revealed that high dose radiation exposure suppressed the cell-mediated immunity especially with respect to T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations as well as immune defense and adaptation mechanisms. Ionizing radiation exposure led to increase of conjugated lipid dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA), and to inhibition of catalase and glutathione peroxidise activity, thus promoting oxidative stress in most of the examined samples. The results indicate dramatic changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system under the radiation stress. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity inhibition, mononuclear phagocyte system suppression and lipid peroxidation / antioxidant defense imbalance provide a background for immunopathological disorders, provoking radiation-related carcinogenesis. Impairment of functional network related to glutathione-dependent redox catalytic system decreases human antioxidant status, that necessitates specification of new promising methods correcting adaptation.

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Zhuk, V. V., A. N. Mikheev, and L. G. Ovsyannikova. "Interaction of chronic ultraviolet radiation and cytokinin in adaptive reactions of pea plants." Faktori eksperimental'noi evolucii organizmiv 26 (September 1, 2020): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/feeo.v26.1265.

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Aim. The goal of this study was to study the interaction of chronic ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) in the adaptation of pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) to the effect of chronic UV-B irradiation. Methods. Pea plants cultivar Aronis were sprayed by BAP solution in concentration 10-5 M before the effect of chronic UV-B radiation at doses of 6 kJ/m2 per day with a power of 1 W/m2 for 12 days. During this time, the growth of plants and their mass were measured, the content of photosynthetic pigments and endogenous hydrogen peroxide (HP) were determined in the leaves. Results. It was established that the effect of chronic UV-B radiation at a dose of 6 kJ/m2 per day on pea plants caused a delay in plant mass accumulation, synthesis of photosynthetic pigments and increasing HP content in leaves. Treatment plants by BAP increased mass, stimulated synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, reduced the content of HP in the leaves of pea plants during the UV-B radiation. Conclusions. It was shown that treatment of pea plants by BAP caused the adaptation of pea plants at the beginning of UV-B radiation. Cytokinins are capable to detoxify reactive oxygen spices, stimulate formation of photosynthetic complex that promotes growth of pea plants under chronic UV-B radiation. Keywords: UV-B, BAP, Pisum sativum L., photosynthetic pigments, adaptation.

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Bohm, J. "Adaptation of the present concept of dosimetric radiation protection quantities for external radiation to radiation protection practice." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 109, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nch307.

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Nakamura, Haruna, Mitsuto Aibara, Rei Kajitani, Hillary D. J. Mrosso, Semvua I. Mzighani, Atsushi Toyoda, Takehiko Itoh, Norihiro Okada, and Masato Nikaido. "Genomic Signatures for Species-Specific Adaptation in Lake Victoria Cichlids Derived from Large-Scale Standing Genetic Variation." Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, no. 8 (March 21, 2021): 3111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab084.

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Abstract The cichlids of Lake Victoria are a textbook example of adaptive radiation, as >500 endemic species arose in just 14,600 years. The degree of genetic differentiation among species is very low due to the short period of time after the radiation, which allows us to ascertain highly differentiated genes that are strong candidates for driving speciation and adaptation. Previous studies have revealed the critical contribution of vision to speciation by showing the existence of highly differentiated alleles in the visual opsin gene among species with different habitat depths. In contrast, the processes of species-specific adaptation to different ecological backgrounds remain to be investigated. Here, we used genome-wide comparative analyses of three species of Lake Victoria cichlids that inhabit different environments—Haplochromis chilotes, H. sauvagei, and Lithochromis rufus—to elucidate the processes of adaptation by estimating population history and by searching for candidate genes that contribute to adaptation. The patterns of changes in population size were quite distinct among the species according to their habitats. We identified many novel adaptive candidate genes, some of which had surprisingly long divergent haplotypes between species, thus showing the footprint of selective sweep events. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that a large fraction of the allelic diversity among Lake Victoria cichlids was derived from standing genetic variation that originated before the adaptive radiation. Our analyses uncovered the processes of species-specific adaptation of Lake Victoria cichlids and the complexity of the genomic substrate that facilitated this adaptation.

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Matuszak, Martha M., Rojano Kashani, Michael Green, Choonik Lee, Yue Cao, Dawn Owen, Shruti Jolly, and Michelle Mierzwa. "Corrigendum to: Functional Adaptation in Radiation Therapy [Seminars in Radiation Oncology (2019) 236-244]." Seminars in Radiation Oncology 31, no. 1 (January 2021): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semradonc.2020.08.001.

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Bright, Jen A., Jesús Marugán-Lobón, Samuel N. Cobb, and Emily J. Rayfield. "The shapes of bird beaks are highly controlled by nondietary factors." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 19 (April 28, 2016): 5352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602683113.

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Bird beaks are textbook examples of ecological adaptation to diet, but their shapes are also controlled by genetic and developmental histories. To test the effects of these factors on the avian craniofacial skeleton, we conducted morphometric analyses on raptors, a polyphyletic group at the base of the landbird radiation. Despite common perception, we find that the beak is not an independently targeted module for selection. Instead, the beak and skull are highly integrated structures strongly regulated by size, with axes of shape change linked to the actions of recently identified regulatory genes. Together, size and integration account for almost 80% of the shape variation seen between different species to the exclusion of morphological dietary adaptation. Instead, birds of prey use size as a mechanism to modify their feeding ecology. The extent to which shape variation is confined to a few major axes may provide an advantage in that it facilitates rapid morphological evolution via changes in body size, but may also make raptors especially vulnerable when selection pressures act against these axes. The phylogenetic position of raptors suggests that this constraint is prevalent in all landbirds and that breaking the developmental correspondence between beak and braincase may be the key novelty in classic passerine adaptive radiations.

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Soevik, A., E. Malinen, and D. R. Olsen. "50 poster: Adaptation of Treatment in Radiation Dose Painting." Radiotherapy and Oncology 94 (March 2010): S20—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(15)34469-8.

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Quesada, A., and W. F. Vincent. "Strategies of adaptation by Antarctic cyanobacteria to ultraviolet radiation." European Journal of Phycology 32, no. 4 (November 26, 1997): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09670269710001737269.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiation adaptative'

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