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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiation ignition'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Cohen, Jack D. "Relating flame radiation to home ignition using modeling and experimental crown fires." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 1616–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-049.

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Wildlandurban fire destruction depends on homes igniting and thus requires an examination of the ignition requirements. A physicaltheoretical model, based on severe case conditions and ideal heat transfer characteristics, estimated wood wall ignition occurrence from flame radiation heating and piloted ignition requirements. Crown fire experiments provided an opportunity for assessing model reliability. The crown fire experiments were specifically instrumented with wood wall sections and heat flux sensors to investigate direct flame heating leading to home ignition during wildland fires. The experimental results indicated that the flame radiation model overestimated the structure-to-flame distance that would result in wood wall ignition. Wall sections that ignited during the experimental crown fires did not sustain flaming after crown fire burnout. The experiments also revealed that the forest canopy attenuated the flame radiation as the crown fire spread within the forest plot. Ignition modeling and the associated crown fire experiments described the flame-to-structure distance scale associated with flame heating related to wall ignition.

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2

ELIEZER, SHALOM, PABLO T. LEÓN, JOSÉ M. MARTINEZ-VAL, and DIMITRI V. FISHER. "Radiation loss from inertially confined degenerate plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 4 (October 2003): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603214191.

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Bremsstrahlung is one of the most important energy loss mechanisms in achieving ignition, which is only possible above a threshold in temperature for a given fusion reaction and plasma conditions. A detailed analysis of the bremsstrahlung process in degenerate plasma points out that radiation energy loss is much smaller than the value given by the classical formulation. This fact seems not useful to relax ignition requirements in self-ignited targets, because it is only relevant at extremely high densities. On the contrary, it can be very positive in the fast ignition scheme, where the target is compressed to very high densities at a minimum temperature, before the igniting beamlet is sent in.

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3

Alao, Felix Ilesanmi, Kolawole Sunday Adegbie, and Matthew Oluwafemi Lawal. "Effect of Thermal Radiation on Ignition Time and Critical Temperature of a Single Sodium Droplet." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/692370.

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The present study addresses the problem of ignition of a single sodium droplet, which is an important issue for the nuclear facilities safety. The study follows the approach of previous works and extends the results of those papers to the case of radiative heat loss. The contribution of the thermal radiation is taken into account based on the P-1 approximation for thermal radiation transfer. An extension of solutions of the existing model is obtained in the presence of radiative heat loss for ignition time and critical temperature by exploiting the sensitivity of the process to large chemical activation energy. Different qualitative effects of varying the dimensionless convective heat loss parameter with ignition time and critical temperature are presented in the graphs. The results show that the inclusion of additional heat sink mechanism, that is, radiative heat loss, causes significant delays in the ignition time and reduces the critical temperature with respect to results of previous studies.

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4

Valiullin, Timur, Ksenia Vershinina, and Pavel Strizhak. "Ignition of Slurry Fuel Droplets with Different Heating Conditions." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234553.

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This paper describes modern research methods of the ignition and combustion processes of slurry fuel droplets. The experiments were carried out using a muffle furnace to ensure the conditions of radiation heating, the hot surface to reproduce the conditions of conductive heating, the high-temperature channel with convective heating, the chamber with the processes of soaring, i.e., a significant increase in the time of fuel residence in the combustion chamber. We identified the differences in combustion modes, threshold ignition temperatures, delay times and durations of combustion processes. We obtained the quantitative differences in the characteristics of the ignition and combustion processes for typical registration methods. It was found that for all heating schemes, the minimum ignition temperatures have comparable values. Minimum ignition delay times were recorded during convective heating. The maximum combustion temperatures were achieved with radiation heating. We determined the values of limiting heat fluxes, sufficient to initiate the combustion of slurries fuels during conductive, convective and radiative heating.

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5

Thompson, D. K., B. M. Wotton, and J. M. Waddington. "Estimating the heat transfer to an organic soil surface during crown fire." International Journal of Wildland Fire 24, no. 1 (2015): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf12121.

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The Peatland Smouldering and Ignition (PSI) model was developed to quantify the heat transfer from a wildfire to an organic soil or moss surface in a Sphagnum–black spruce peatland. The Canadian Fire Behaviour Prediction system was used as a basis for the relationship between wind speed and rate of spread. Convection, conduction, and radiation processes were modelled before and during the arrival of the flaming front. The net heat flux to the soil from fire varied between 1.1 and 8.6 MJ m–2, with moderate-intensity fires transferring more energy to the surface compared with higher-intensity fires under higher winds. Radiative heat transfer to the soil surface both before the fire’s arrival and within the flaming front were the primary mechanisms of energy gain to the peatland surface. The role of convective and conductive cooling was no greater than 30% of gross energy gain. Peatland surface ignition in hummock and hollow microforms was modelled under normal and drought conditions. Hollow microforms dried out significantly during the course of a summer and increased their ignition vulnerability. Small-scale changes in slope and aspect of the peatland surface increased the amount of heat transferred by radiation by up to 30%, allowing some areas of higher soil moisture content to ignite. While no direct model validation is available, model outputs showing the preferential combustion of lichen and feathermoss, and the lack of ignition in Sphagnum in all but the most severe drought generally mimic observed ignitions patterns. The modelled peak of net energy input to the surface occurred at moderate wind speeds, suggesting that high-intensity fires do not necessarily lead to greater energy transfer and risk of smouldering combustion.

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6

Hora, H., G. H. Miley, N. Azizi, B. Malekynia, M. Ghoranneviss, and X. T. He. "Nonlinear force driven plasma blocks igniting solid density hydrogen boron: Laser fusion energy without radioactivity." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 3 (August 17, 2009): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460999022x.

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AbstractEnergy production by laser driven fusion energy is highly matured by spherical compression and ignition of deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel. An alternative scheme is the fast ignition where petawatt (PW)-picosecond (ps) laser pulses are used. A significant anomaly was measured and theoretically analyzed with very clean PW-ps laser pulses for avoiding relativistic self focusing. This permits a come-back of the side-on ignition scheme of uncompressed solid DT, which is in essential contrast to the spherical compression scheme. The conditions of side-on ignition thresholds needed exorbitantly high energy flux densities E*. These conditions are now in reach by using PW-ps laser pulses to verify side-on ignition for DT. Generalizing this to side-on igniting solid state density proton-Boron-11 (HB11) arrives at the surprising result that this is one order of magnitude more difficult than the DT fusion. This is in contrast to the well known impossibility of igniting HB11 by spherical laser compression and may offer fusion energy production with exclusion of neutron generation and nuclear radiation effects with a minimum of heat pollution in power stations and application for long mission space propulsion.

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7

Gou, Xiang, Jin Xiang Wu, Lian Sheng Liu, En Yu Wang, Jun Hu Zhou, Jian Zhong Liu, and Ke Fa Cen. "Study on Factors Influencing Pulverized Coal Ignition Time." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.120.

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Pulverized coal ignition time is one of crucial parameters in coal ignition process. Based on a general heat absorption equation without chemical reaction, this study was focused on some crucial factors which influence pulverized coal ignition time to theoretically explain the mechanism of heat absorption of pulverized coal. The influences of recirculated flue gas (RFG) temperature, flame temperature, primary air temperature, and coal particle diameter on ignition time were discussed. The importance of radiation heat and convection heat was analyzed. The results show that the higher temperatures of RFG, flame, and primary air can lead to the shorter ignition time respectively. The increase of the coal particle diameter greatly increases the ignition time, and as the diameter goes up, the amount of the ignition delay becomes greater. For high accuracy of ignition time calculation, both radiation heat and convection heat should be taken into account. When flame temperature is very high and RFG temperature is very low, radiation is the dominant factor, otherwise convection is more crucial.

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8

Park, S. H., and C. L. Tien. "Radiation induced ignition of solid fuels." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 33, no. 7 (July 1990): 1511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(90)90047-x.

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9

Burkina, R. S. "Ignition of porous, solid radiation source." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 31, no. 6 (November 1995): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00744965.

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10

Hirsch, Nikita, and Armin Gallatz. "Space Ignition Method Using Microwave Radiation." MTZ worldwide 70, no. 3 (March 2009): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03227941.

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11

Rybczyński, Andrzej, Agnieszka Wolska, Mariusz Wisełka, Jolanta Matusiak, and Tomasz Pfeifer. "Ignition of Welding Arc and UV Actinic Hazard Evaluation." Energies 12, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030512.

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Welding arcs emit strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which could pose serious health risks for skin and eyes. According to Directive 2006/25/EC, UV hazard evaluation has to be performed in the working environment. The measurement of welding arc ignition radiation is a difficult task. This article describes the effort made to determine actinic radiant exposure levels during welding arc ignition in the controlled environment of a welding laboratory. A new method of UV actinic hazard evaluation from welding arc ignition radiation using a CCD spectroradiometer combined with a photometer is presented. The hazard of UV emitted in pulsed metal active gas welding (MAG-P) of construction steel is described. The duration of ignition peak in the study was in the range of 9–15 ms. The actinic radiant exposure during arc ignition over aversion response time was in the range of 0.26–1.12 J/m2. The daily exposure time can easily exceed the permissible exposure time obtained in our study, i.e., 13–34 s, which means that UV radiation form MAG-P arc welding is hazardous for workers in the vicinity of the welding arc. The measurement method presented in the article enables determination of radiant exposure of arc ignition radiation.

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12

Monhol, Filipe Arthur Firmino, and Marcio Ferreira Martins. "Ignition by Thermal Radiation of Polyethylene and Human Feces Combustible Wastes: Time and Temperature to Ignition." Advanced Materials Research 911 (March 2014): 373–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.373.

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Due to the growing energy demands of the world and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, it is necessary to study new energy sources. The waste have a great potential to be tapped, as besides being a raw material abundant, their use helps in reducing the level of environmental pollution and curbing the volume of waste in cities. However, one should know well the combustion process these waste before using them as fuel. Thus, Ignition behavior of combustible wastes was studied in a built fixed bed reactor. To provide a controlled thermal radiation for the ignition instant, a radiative heat flux is generated by a metal surface called a cone heater calibrated to establish the radiative heat flux density provided by a thermal resistance of 2 kW. The heat flux was 25 to 30 kWm2 over the top surface of the fuels. To validate the process, experiments with charcoal were performed varying the diameter of particles and air flow. After this, the polyethylene and human feces were analyzed. Their effects were investigated on the ignition time.

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13

Li, Xin, Ke Lan, Xujun Meng, Xiantu He, Dongxian Lai, and Tinggui Feng. "Study on Au + U + Au sandwich Hohlraum wall for ignition targets." Laser and Particle Beams 28, no. 1 (January 21, 2010): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609990590.

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AbstractIn ignition targets designs, U or U based cocktail hohlraum are usually used because the Rosseland mean opacity of U is higher than for Au at the radiation temperature for ignition. However, it should be noted that the opacity of U is obviously lower than for Au when the radiation temperature falls into a low temperature region. Because the depth penetrated by radiation is only several micrometers under a 300eV drive, and also because there is a prepulse longer than 10 ns prepulse at temperatures lower than 170 eV in the radiation drive of ignition target designs. Therefore we propose an Au + U + Au sandwich hohlraum for ignition targets in this work. Compared to the cocktail, the sandwich not only remarkably simplifies the fabrication and uses less depleted U material, but also increases the albedo during the prepulse.

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14

Csernai, L. P., N. Kroo, and I. Papp. "Radiation dominated implosion with nano-plasmonics." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 2 (June 2018): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000149.

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AbstractInertial Confinement Fusion is a promising option to provide massive, clean, and affordable energy for mankind in the future. The present status of research and development is hindered by hydrodynamical instabilities occurring at the intense compression of the target fuel by energetic laser beams. A recent patent combines advances in two fields: Detonations in relativistic fluid dynamics (RFD) and radiative energy deposition by plasmonic nano-shells. The initial compression of the target pellet can be decreased, not to reach the Rayleigh–Taylor or other instabilities, and rapid volume ignition can be achieved by a final and more energetic laser pulse, which can be as short as the penetration time of the light across the pellet. The reflectivity of the target can be made negligible as in the present direct drive and indirect drive experiments, and the absorptivity can be increased by one or two orders of magnitude by plasmonic nano-shells embedded in the target fuel. Thus, higher ignition temperature and radiation dominated dynamics can be achieved with the limited initial compression. Here, we propose that a short final light pulse can heat the target so that most of the interior will reach the ignition temperature simultaneously based on the results of RFD. This makes the development of any kind of instability impossible, which would prevent complete ignition of the target.

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15

Xu, Yan Ying, Ruo Jun Wang, Jian Chen, and Lu Chao Li. "Combustion Performance of Composite Floor with Different Radiant Heat Flux." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 2415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.2415.

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The combustion performance of engineered wood flooring and intensive composite floor under the different radiation heat flux were experimented by cone calorimeter. Fire parameters were measured including the ignition time and heat release rate. Experimental results show that the ignition time of engineered wood flooring is much lower than intensive composite floor, and the ignition time are decreased with the increase of radiation heat flux. The heat release rate (HRR) curve has two peaks under the same radiation heat flux, and the first peak of the heat release rate of engineered wood flooring occurs significantly earlier than intensive composite floor. The heat release rate is increased and the first peak significantly ahead of time with the increase of the radiation intensity

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16

DJAOUI, A. "ICF target ignition studies in planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries." Laser and Particle Beams 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034601191275.

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A model for nonlocal α particle transport is implemented in a one-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics code and applied for typical directly and indirectly driven ICF target simulations. Ignition criteria are compared for four configurations; spherical, cylindrical, planar with a central hot spot, and another planar configuration with a hot spot on one side. This last planar configuration is then used for fast ignitor studies, since it is able to simulate hot spot formation by direct laser heating and free expansion towards the incoming beam. Ignition requirements as a function of laser intensity and pulse length, taking into account the relationship between intensity, hot electron temperature, and range, are then determined.

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17

Park, S. H., and C. L. Tien. "Radiation Induced Ignition of Porous Solid Fuels." Combustion Science and Technology 95, no. 1-6 (December 1993): 173–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00102209408935333.

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18

Slutz, Stephen A., and Mark C. Herrmann. "Radiation driven capsules for fast ignition fusion." Physics of Plasmas 10, no. 1 (January 2003): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1530580.

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19

Dorofeev, Sergei B., Alexander A. Efimenko, Alexei S. Kochurko, and Michael S. Kuznetsov. "Industrial fuel ignition conditions by flame radiation." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 6, no. 3 (January 1993): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0950-4230(93)85004-5.

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20

Moiseeva, Kseniya M., and Aleksey Yu Krainov. "Effect of Radiation Transport on Minimal Sparkplug Ignition Energy of Nanosized Coal-Dust Suspension." Key Engineering Materials 769 (April 2018): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.769.311.

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In this paper we consider a numerical investigation on sparkplug ignition of nanosized coal-dust suspension in the air. The aim of the research is to determine the effect of radiation transport on minimal sparkplug ignition energy of a coal-dust suspension. The paper provides the data on the sparkplug ignition energy dependence on the suspension emissivity factor and coal-dust content.

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21

Zakharevich, Arkadiy V., Mikhail S. Zygin, and Dmitriy N. Tsymbalov. "Ignition of liquid droplets fuels under conditions of radiation-conductive heating in air." MATEC Web of Conferences 194 (2018): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819401062.

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The results of an experimental investigation of ignition liquid fuel (kerosene, diesel fuel) by the single drops under conditions of radiation-conducting heating in air are presented. The dependences of the ignition delay time of the typical fuels droplets on the initial temperature of the heated oxidant in a limited space are established. The parameters of stable ignition of liquid fuel droplets are set.

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22

Seifter, A., G. A. Kyrala, S. R. Goldman, N. M. Hoffman, J. L. Kline, and S. H. Batha. "Demonstration of symcaps to measure implosion symmetry in the foot of the NIF scale 0.7 hohlraums." Laser and Particle Beams 27, no. 1 (January 23, 2009): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034609000184.

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AbstractImplosions using inertial confinement fusion must be highly symmetric to achieve ignition on the National Ignition Facility. This requires precise control of the drive symmetry from the radiation incident on the ignition capsule. For indirect drive implosions, low mode residual perturbations in the drive are generated by the laser-heated hohlraum geometry. To diagnose the drive symmetry, previous experiments used simulated capsules by which the self-emission X-rays from gas in the center of the capsule during the implosion are used to infer the shape of the drive. However, those experiments used hohlraum radiation temperatures higher than 200 eV (Hauer et al., 1995; Murphy et al., 1998a, 1998b) with small NOVA scale hohlraums under which conditions the symcaps produced large X-ray signals. At the foot of the NIF ignition pulse, where controlling the symmetry has been shown to be crucial for obtaining a symmetric implosion (Clark et al., 2008), the radiation drive is much smaller, reducing the X-ray emission from the imploded capsule. For the first time, the feasibility of using symcaps to diagnose the radiation drive for low radiation temperatures, <120 eV and large 0.7 linear scales NIF Rev3.1 (Haan et al., 2008) vacuum hohlraums is demonstrated. Here we used experiments at the Omega laser facility to demonstrate and develop the symcap technique for tuning the symmetry of the NIF ignition capsule in the foot of the drive pulse.

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23

Kobtsev, Vitaly, Sergey Kostritsa, Dmitrii Kozlov, Alexey Pelevkin, Valery Smirnov, Natalia Titova, Sergey Torokhov, Konstantin Vereshchagin, and Sergey Volkov. "CARS and Fluorescent study of ignition of H2/O2 mixtures upon photodissociation of O2 molecular." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900010.

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The research is devoted to gas mixtures ignition by UV laser radiation. The dissociation of O2 molecules by a pulse of excimer ArF laser radiation at 193-nm wavelength with formation of the chemically active oxygen atoms initiating chain reactions which cause ignition of H2/O2 mixture was employed. The experimental test bench was created with CARS and fluorescent techniques for experimental investigation of some peculiarities of mixture ignition and combustion caused by such photo-dissociation, at conditions typical for combustion chamber. Two-dimensional numerical modeling of combustion process in model combustion chamber, based on kinetic mechanism of H2 oxidation including atom O(1P) and radicals OH(A2Σ+), was performed.

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24

Zhang, Jia Qing, Bo Si Zhang, Ming Hao Fan, Liu Fang Wang, Xiang Jun Guo, and Deng Yang Yu. "Effects of External Heat Radiation on Combustion and Toxic Gas Release of Flame Retardant Cables." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 2392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.2392.

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The effects of external heat radiation on combustion and toxic gas release characteristics of flame retardant cables, which were XLPE insulated, flame retardant PVC sheathed and steel armoured cables, were investigated. The combustion characteristics of the level A and the level C flame retardant cables were explored by the cone calorimeter. For the level C cables, heat release rate (HRR) and CO concentration in cable fires increased and the ignition time decreased with increase of the external radiation heat flux. For level A cables, the HRR and CO concentration showed two-stage variations with the external radiation heat flux. When the external radiation heat flux was smaller than 35 kW/m2, the cable self-extinguished quickly after the ignition. When the external radiation heat flux was larger than 50 kW/m2, the cables showed continuous burning phenomena after the ignition. The level A cable had smaller HRRs compared with that of the level C cable under the same external radiation heat flux. However, the CO concentration of level A cable was remarkably higher than that of the level C cable in the present study. The high CO release rate of cable with well flame retardant ability under large external radiation heat flux requires more caution in the cable fires.

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25

Kondrikov, B. N., S. Peila, V. Tadi, and Luigi DeLuca. "AN/AD/Mg IGNITION BY CO2 LASER RADIATION." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 5, no. 1-6 (2002): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v5.i1-6.280.

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26

Li, T., and R. P. Lindstedt. "Thermal radiation induced ignition of multipoint turbulent explosions." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 107 (April 2017): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2017.01.027.

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27

Friedrich, A., W. Breitung, G. Stern, A. Veser, M. Kuznetsov, G. Fast, B. Oechsler, et al. "Ignition and heat radiation of cryogenic hydrogen jets." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 22 (November 2012): 17589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.07.070.

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28

Vysokomornaya, Olga V., Genii V. Kuznetsov, and Pavel A. Strizhak. "Mathematical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer Processes at the Ignition of Liquid Fuel by Concentrated Flux of Radiation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/156150.

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The physical and forecasting mathematical models of heat and mass transfer with phase transformations and chemical reactions under heating and following ignition of typical liquid fuel by using concentrated flow of radiation were developed. The influence scales of energy absorption process by means of gas-vapor mixture and liquid on ignition characteristics were established. The ignition delay time dependencies on the concentrated luminous power and radius of its coverage were determined.

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Адуев, Б. П., Д. Р. Нурмухаметов, Я. В. Крафт, and З. P. Исмагилов. "Зажигание каменных углей различных стадий метаморфизма лазерными импульсами в режиме свободной генерации." Журнал технической физики 128, no. 3 (2020): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/os.2020.03.49073.302-19.

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A study was made of laser ignition (1064 nm, 120 μs) of coals of grades DG, G, G, and K. For all grades of coal, three successive ignition stages were found, characterized by threshold radiation energy densities that have characteristic values for each grade of coal.

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Henrion, Lucca, Michael C. Gross, Sebastian Ferreryo Fernandez, Chandan Paul, Samuel Kazmouz, Volker Sick, and Daniel C. Haworth. "Characterization of radiative heat transfer in a spark-ignition engine through high-speed experiments and simulations." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019030.

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A combined experimental and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) study of molecular radiation is presented for combustion in a homogeneous pre-mixed spark-ignition engine. Molecular radiation can account for ~10% of the engine heat loss and could have a noticeable impact on the local conditions within the combustion chamber. The Transparent Combustion Chamber (TCC) engine, a single-cylinder two-valve research engine with a transparent liner and piston for optical access, was used for this study. High-speed infrared emission spectroscopy and radiative post-processing of LES calculations have been performed to gain insight into the timescales and magnitude of radiative emissions of molecular gases during the combustion process. Both the measurements and simulations show significant Cycle-to-Cycle Variations (CCV) of radiative emission. There is agreement in the instantaneous radiative spectrum of experiment and simulation, but the crank-angle development of the radiative spectrum shows disagreement. The strengths and limitations of the optical experiments and radiative simulations are seen in the results and suggest pathways for future efforts in characterizing the influence of molecular radiation. In particular, focusing on the relative changes of the spectral features will be important as they contain information about the thermochemical properties of the gas mixture.

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31

Eremin, Alexander, Mayya Korshunova, and Ekaterina Mikheyeva. "Experimental study of chemiluminescence in UV and VIS range at hydrogen-oxygen mixtures ignition." MATEC Web of Conferences 209 (2018): 00012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820900012.

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The nonequilibrium radiation in the spectral range of 210-415 nm at ignition of a 10% stoichiometric hydrogen-oxygen mixture with additives of combustion inhibitors diluted with argon behind shock waves was registered. The detected chemiluminescence is presumably attributed to electronically excited H2O* and H2O2 *. Instead of the expected quenching of excited radicals and molecules in the ignition zone, with the addition of halogenated hydrocarbons inhibitors, the increase of radiation, particularly in the range of 330-415 nm, was observed. The possible reasons of this phenomenon are discussed.

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32

Sazhin, S. S., G. Feng, M. R. Heikal, I. Goldfarb, V. Gol’dshtein, and G. Kuzmenko. "Thermal ignition analysis of a monodisperse spray with radiation." Combustion and Flame 124, no. 4 (March 2001): 684–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(00)00237-6.

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33

Kohut, Thomas R., Rick L. Thacker, Richard M. Beale, and Jon T. Dillon. "Standing Up the National Ignition Facility Radiation Protection Program." Health Physics 104, no. 6 (June 2013): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hp.0b013e31828d2e67.

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34

Lyon, R. E., and L. C. Cadwallader. "Safety Analysis of the Compact Ignition Tokamak Radiation Shield." Fusion Technology 15, no. 2P2A (March 1989): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst89-a39737.

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35

ENALEEV, R. Sh. "Fire Danger Ignition of Cellulose Materials by Heat Radiation." Пожаровзрывобезопасность 21, no. 8 (April 2013): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2012.21.08.36-41.

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36

Bychkov, S. G., A. V. Desyatkov, A. A. Biketov, G. I. Ksandopulo, and G. S. Minazhaeva. "Features of epoxy composite ignition by continuous laser radiation." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 22, no. 6 (1987): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00751867.

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37

Hinkel, D. E., S. W. Haan, A. B. Langdon, T. R. Dittrich, C. H. Still, and M. M. Marinak. "National Ignition Facility targets driven at high radiation temperature: Ignition, hydrodynamic stability, and laser–plasma interactions." Physics of Plasmas 11, no. 3 (March 2004): 1128–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1640625.

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38

LEÓN, PABLO T., SHALOM ELIEZER, MIREIA PIERA, and JOSÉ M. MARTÍNEZ-VAL. "Inertial fusion features in degenerate plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 23, no. 2 (June 2005): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034605050342.

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Very high plasma densities can be obtained at the end of the implosion phase in inertial fusion targets, particularly in the so-called fast-ignition scheme (Tabaket al., 1994; Mulser & Bauer, 2004), where a central hot spark is not needed at all. By properly tailoring the fuel compression stage, degenerate states can be reached (Azechiet al., 1991; Nakaiet al., 1991; McCory, 1998). In that case, most of the relevant energy transfer mechanisms involving electrons are affected (Honrubia & Tikhonchuk, 2004; Bibi & Matte, 2004; Bibiet al., 2004). For instance, bremsstrahlung emission is highly suppressed (Eliezeret al., 2003). In fact, a low ignition-temperature regime appears at very high plasma densities, due to radiation leakage reduction (Leónet al., 2001). Stopping power and ion-electron coulomb collisions are also changed in this case, which are important mechanisms to trigger ignition by the incoming fast jet, and to launch the fusion wave from the igniting region into the colder, degenerate plasma. All these points are reviewed in this paper. Although degenerate states would not be easy to obtain by target implosion, they present a very interesting upper limit that deserves more attention in order to complete the understanding on the different domains for inertial confinement fusion.

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Ramis, R., and J. Meyer-Ter-Vehn. "On thermonuclear burn propagation in a pre-compressed cylindrical DT target ignited by a heavy ion beam pulse." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 1 (November 4, 2013): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034613000839.

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AbstractThermonuclear ignition and burn propagation in pre-compressed cylindrical deuterium-tritium (DT) targets is studied by two-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations using the code MULTI-2D. Special attention is paid to self-sustained steady burn wave propagation. Peak temperatures and burn wave velocity scale with the density-radius product of the fuel, and wave propagation is obtained for (ρR)DT ≥ 0.45 g/cm2. Radiation transport is identified as the dominant mechanism to drive the wave. Details of ignition by a heavy ion beam pulse are also presented. Limitations in the physics basis of the simulations are pointed out. The results are compared with previous publications found in the literature.

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Yao, Xiao Lin. "Study on Ignition Time of Radiation Cargo in Irradiation Room under Stuck Radioactive Sources." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 2607–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.2607.

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Ignition temperatures of common radiation cargo in irradiation room were measured through the experiments, minimum ignition temperature is 210 °C. In order to discuss the temperature variation and temperature field under stuck radioactive sources, the fire scenario was presented and simulated by FDS. The results show that temperatures rise rapidly when stuck radioactive source broke out within an hour. As the growth of the time, temperatures in irradiation room are rising, but the rising rate is slowing. The temperature field in the irradiation room tends to be the same after three hours. The stuck radioactive source occurred after 2.4 days later, local temperatures can reach 210 °C, and radiation cargo may be ignited.

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41

Zudov, Vladimir N., and Oleg A. Shmagunov. "Initiation of Ignition of a Combustible Mixture in a Flow by Local Energy Supply." Siberian Journal of Physics 15, no. 1 (2020): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-9447-2020-15-1-80-89.

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A direct numerical simulation of the influence of a local energy release region on the development of the combustion propagation process in a high-speed flow of homogeneous fuel-air mixture (Н2 + air) is carried out. The mathematical model of the energy source describes the physical phenomena characteristic for pulsed energy supply using laser radiation. The energy supply and ignition are modeled taking into account a given kinetic scheme. The results on the spatial and temporal evolution of the ignition region are presented. The dependence of the position of the ignition region on the flow velocity is investigated.

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42

Hirle, Siegfried, and Karol Balog. "The Effect of the Heat Flux on the Self-Ignition of Oriented Strand Board." Research Papers Faculty of Materials Science and Technology Slovak University of Technology 25, no. 40 (June 1, 2017): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rput-2017-0014.

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Abstract This article deals with the initiation phase of flaming and smouldering burning of oriented strand board. The influence of heat flux on thermal degradation of OSB boards, time to ignition, heat release rate and mass loss rate using thermal analysis and vertical electrical radiation panel methods were studied. Significant information on the influence of the heat flux density and the thickness of the material on time to ignition was obtained.

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Li, Shu, Ke Lan, and Jie Liu. "Study on size of laser entrance hole shield for ignition octahedral spherical hohlraums." Laser and Particle Beams 33, no. 4 (October 20, 2015): 731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034615000890.

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AbstractIn this paper, the influences of laser entrance hole shields on capsule symmetry and coupling efficiency of an ignition octahedral spherical hohlraum are studied using analytical model and three-dimensional Monte-Carlo simulations. As a result, there are two critical shield radii at which the capsule asymmetry tends to minimum, and the coupling efficiency from hohlraum to capsule reaches its maximum when the shield size is taken around the second critical radius. For the ignition octahedral hohlraums used in our study, the first critical radius is 0.625 mm with a capsule asymmetry of 0.24%, and the second is 0.86 mm with 0.26%, and the asymmetry is smaller than 0.58% for shields’ radius in the range of 0.44 and 0.88 mm, which therefore leaves much flexibility in the shield radius design even the shields have an expansion under radiation ablation. The initial shield radius can be taken around the first critical radius in the ignition target design, not only to have a minimum initial capsule radiation asymmetry, but also to get a minimum asymmetry and highest coupling efficiency during the main pulse of drive. Finally, the relative flux of laser spot, wall and shields is 2.2:1:0.6 for our ignition octahedral spherical hohlraum model from the Monte-Carlo simulations.

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Wang, Yue, Minqi Zhang, Shuhang Chang, Shengji Li, and Xuefeng Huang. "Laser-Induced Ignition and Combustion Behavior of Individual Graphite Microparticles in a Micro-Combustor." Processes 8, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8111493.

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Microscale combustion has potential application in a micro power generator. This paper studied the ignition and combustion behavior of individual graphite microparticles in a micro-combustor to explore the utilization of carbon-based fuels at the microscale system. The individual graphite microparticles inside the micro-combustor were ignited by a highly focused laser in an air flow with natural convection at atmospheric temperature and pressure. The results show that the ignition of graphite microparticles was heterogeneous. The particle diameter had a small weak effect on ignition delay time and threshold ignition energy. The micro-combustor wall heat losses had significant effects on the ignition and combustion. During combustion, flame instability, photophoresis, repetitive extinction and reignition were identified. The flame structure was asymmetric, and the fluctuation of flame front and radiation intensity showed combustion instability. Photophoretic force pushed the graphite away from the focal point and resulted in extinction. Owing to large wall heat loss, the flame quickly extinguished. However, the graphite was inductively reignited by laser.

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45

Rebrov, S. G., V. A. Golubev, Y. P. Kosmachev, and V. P. Kosmacheva. "Laser Ignition of Liquid-Oxygen–Gaseous-Hydrogen Fuel in a Large-Scale Combustion Chamber." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (717) (December 2019): 104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2019-12-104-114.

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The article presents a review of the results of studies of laser ignition of a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen) in an experimental combustion chamber, carried out at the bench testing facility of KBKhA (Voronezh). A laser ignition module specially designed at the Keldysh Research Centre and with parameters optimized for use in the rocket engine launch system was used during the experiments. Fuel ignition by the laser system occurred directly in the experimental chamber without the use of an ignition device or pre-chamber. To implement this ignition method, inflammation of the fuel in the chamber was carried out by focusing the laser radiation into the mixture, with the initiation of a spark of optical breakdown in the selected area with conditions favorable for the start of combustion. The results of the experiments confirmed the efficiency of the laser module during both standalone and firing tests, including multiple launches of the propulsion unit operated on a cryogenic mixture (gaseous hydrogen and liquid oxygen).

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46

Clark, D. S., M. M. Marinak, C. R. Weber, D. C. Eder, S. W. Haan, B. A. Hammel, D. E. Hinkel, et al. "Radiation hydrodynamics modeling of the highest compression inertial confinement fusion ignition experiment from the National Ignition Campaign." Physics of Plasmas 22, no. 2 (February 2015): 022703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4906897.

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47

Kang Dongguo, 康洞国, 李蒙 Li Meng, and 高耀明 Gao Yaoming. "Radiation pulse shaping for laser indirect-drive central ignition target." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 1 (2013): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20132501.0057.

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48

Vysokomornaya, I. V., G. V. Kuznetsov, and P. A. Strizhak. "Ignition of Liquid Fuel by In-Focus Light Radiation Stream." Пожаровзрывобезопасность 19, no. 3 (June 2010): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2010.19.03.9-13.

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49

Kirichenko, N. A., Elena A. Morozova, and Aleksandr V. Simakin. "Characteristics of laser ignition of titanium by obliquely incident radiation." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 19, no. 1 (January 31, 1989): 52–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1989v019n01abeh007709.

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50

Yong, Heng, Peng Song, Chuan-Lei Zhai, Dong-Guo Kang, Jian-Fa Gu, Xu-Deng Hang, Pei-Jun Gu, and Song Jiang. "Numerical Simulation of 2-D Radiation-Drive Ignition Implosion Process." Communications in Theoretical Physics 59, no. 6 (June 2013): 737–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/59/6/15.

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